Offshore wind turbine, single-stand-column floating type platform of offshore wind turbine and sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper of offshore wind turbine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper which comprises a sleeve-shaped mass body arranged outside a single stand column platform in a sleeved mode and a heaving plate fixedly arranged at the bottom of the single stand column platform, the heaving plate is located below the sleeve-shaped mass body, and a flexible supporting assembly is arranged between the heaving plate and the sleeve-shaped mass body. The flexible supporting assembly is used for playing a flexible supporting role on the sleeve-shaped mass body; a layer of damping assembly is arranged between each of the upper end and the lower end of the sleeve-shaped mass body and the single-stand-column platform; each layer of damping assembly comprises at least three damping elements which are annularly and evenly distributed, the damping elements are located in the radial direction, and the two ends of each damping element are fixedly connected with the single-stand-column platform and the sleeve-shaped mass body respectively. The utility model further discloses a single-stand-column floating type platform and an offshore wind turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of offshore wind power generation technology, specifically an offshore wind turbine and its single-column floating platform and sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper. Background Technology

[0002] Wind power generation technology, with its significant advantages such as being clean and environmentally friendly, highly renewable, economically viable, and widely distributed, has become a core driving force for global energy transformation in recent years. Early wind energy development was mainly concentrated on land-based sites; however, as the deployment of onshore wind turbines becomes increasingly saturated, the industry's development focus is rapidly shifting towards the marine sector. Compared to traditional stationary offshore wind turbines, floating wind power generation technology overcomes the limitations of water depth, extending the scope of offshore wind power development to deep-sea areas.

[0003] As wind energy development extends from land to sea, wind turbine generators face environmental loads characterized by multi-physics coupling. Floating wind turbines, as typical high-flexibility, low-frequency structural systems, face key technical challenges in complex offshore conditions, including aerodynamic-hydraulic-structural multi-field coupling and rigid-flexible coupling. Their low-frequency vibration characteristics, under extreme environmental loads, can easily induce structural fatigue damage, reduced power generation efficiency, and decreased unit reliability, among other safety hazards. Therefore, constructing an efficient vibration control system for offshore wind power structures has become a major engineering challenge that urgently needs to be overcome.

[0004] In recent years, many scholars and engineers have proposed theoretical concepts for various passive vibration reduction technologies and devices for wind turbine platforms, which are mainly divided into two types: tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned mass damper (TMD).

[0005] Among them, the tuned liquid damper is a typical and effective passive structural vibration reduction control device. Its vibration reduction control principle is to fix a water tank to the controlled structure, and the vibration reduction force is generated by the dynamic pressure difference between the two sides of the inner wall of the container through the sloshing of the liquid in the water tank. However, the biggest bottleneck in applying the tuned liquid damper to the wind turbine platform is that the irregular fluid fluctuations in the water tank make it difficult to accurately calculate the control force. Therefore, the theory of this device needs further improvement.

[0006] A tuned mass damper adjusts the vibration frequency of the mass block itself to near the dominant vibration frequency of the wind turbine platform. Through the interaction between the tuned mass damper and the wind turbine platform, energy is transferred from the wind turbine platform to the mass damper, thus achieving the energy transfer purpose. Existing research shows that traditional tuned mass dampers mainly optimize vibration control for the sway and translational degrees of freedom of floating wind turbine platforms. However, when the platform generates pitch and roll rotational degrees of freedom responses, especially under small-angle rotation conditions, their vibration reduction efficiency exhibits a significant decrease. Because floating wind turbines are typically highly flexible structural systems, even if the platform only experiences finite angular displacement, the nacelle at the top of the tower will still experience significant displacement. This dynamic characteristic is particularly prominent in spar-type floating wind turbines, where the coupling effect of rigid body motion and flexible structure makes it difficult for traditional tuned mass dampers to effectively suppress multi-degree-of-freedom coupled vibrations.

[0007] Solving these problems is now a top priority. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, in order to solve the problems existing in the application of the tuned mass damper to the floating wind turbine platform, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an offshore wind turbine and its single-column floating platform and a sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0010] This utility model first proposes a sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper, including a sleeve-shaped mass body sleeved outside a single column platform and a sway plate fixedly installed at the bottom of the single column platform. The sway plate is located below the sleeve-shaped mass body, and a flexible support component is provided between the sway plate and the sleeve-shaped mass body. The flexible support component is used to provide flexible support for the sleeve-shaped mass body.

[0011] A damping assembly is provided between the upper and lower ends of the sleeve-shaped mass and the single-column platform; each damping assembly includes at least three damping elements evenly distributed in a ring, the damping elements are located in the radial direction, and the two ends of the damping elements are fixedly connected to the single-column platform and the sleeve-shaped mass, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the sleeve-shaped mass body is coaxially arranged with the single-column platform, and the center of mass of the sleeve-shaped mass body and the center of mass of the single-column platform are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0013] Furthermore, each layer of damping elements includes four damping elements evenly distributed in a ring, and the damping elements of the two layers are arranged in the same phase in the axial direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the center of the heave plate is located on the axis of the single-column platform, and the outer diameter of the heave plate is equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped mass body; the flexible support assembly includes support springs evenly distributed in a ring between the top surface of the heave plate and the bottom surface of the sleeve-shaped mass body.

[0015] Furthermore, the support spring is correspondingly arranged with the damping element, and the support spring and the corresponding damping element are arranged in the same phase in the axial direction.

[0016] Furthermore, the sway plate is welded and fixed to the bottom surface of the single-column platform.

[0017] Furthermore, the damping element includes a viscous damper, with an inner connecting plate and an outer connecting plate at both ends of the viscous damper. The inner connecting plate is connected to the outer wall of the single-column platform, and the outer connecting plate is connected to the inner wall of the sleeve-shaped mass body.

[0018] Furthermore, the viscous damper is fitted with a stiffness spring coaxial with it, and the two ends of the stiffness spring are respectively connected to the inner connecting plate and the outer connecting plate.

[0019] This utility model also proposes a single-column floating platform, including a single-column platform, wherein the single-column platform is provided with a sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper as described above.

[0020] This utility model also proposes an offshore wind turbine, including a tower, a nacelle and blades, wherein the bottom of the tower is provided with a single-column floating platform as described above, and the tower is fixedly installed on the single-column platform.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] This utility model's sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper dissipates energy using the inertial force generated by the sleeve-shaped mass. Through the damping element and flexible support assembly, it can generate a control torque opposite to the motion of the single-column platform. By adjusting the damping coefficients of the flexible support assembly and the damping element, multi-directional control of the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the single-column platform can be achieved. Furthermore, since the sleeve-shaped mass is installed outside the single-column platform and connected to it through the damping element, it does not affect the structural characteristics of the single-column platform, thus not changing the installation and maintenance methods of the wind power equipment. In summary, this utility model's sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper has a simple structure, clear force transmission, and stable system. It is suitable for both translational and rotational degree of freedom dual-tuned design and high-frequency wind vibration, as well as vibration reduction control under the combined action of low-frequency wave loads and wind loads. It can be applied to single-column floating platforms of various specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the following drawings are provided for illustration:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the offshore wind turbine of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the upper damping component.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower-level damping component.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the damping element.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 10-Tower; 11-Nacelle; 12-Blade; 20-Single-column platform; 30-Sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper; 31-Sleeve-shaped mass body; 32-Heave plate; 33-Support spring; 34-Viscous damper; 35-Inner connecting plate; 36-Outer connecting plate; 37-Stiffness spring. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the offshore wind turbine of this embodiment includes a tower 10, a nacelle 11, and blades 12. A single-column floating platform is provided at the bottom of the tower 10. Specifically, the single-column floating platform of this embodiment includes a single-column platform 20. The tower 10 is fixedly installed on the single-column platform 10, and a sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper 30 is provided on the single-column platform 20.

[0032] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper 30 of this embodiment includes a sleeve-shaped mass body 31 sleeved outside the single column platform 20 and a sway plate 32 fixedly installed at the bottom of the single column platform 20. The sway plate 32 is located below the sleeve-shaped mass body 31, and a flexible support component is provided between the sway plate 32 and the sleeve-shaped mass body 31. The flexible support component is used to provide flexible support for the sleeve-shaped mass body 31.

[0033] In this embodiment, a damping assembly is provided between the upper and lower ends of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 and the single-column platform 20. Each damping assembly includes at least three damping elements evenly distributed in a ring. The damping elements are located in the radial direction, and their two ends are fixedly connected to the single-column platform 20 and the sleeve-shaped mass 31, respectively. In this embodiment, each layer of damping elements includes four damping elements evenly distributed in a ring, and the two layers of damping elements are arranged in the same phase in the axial direction. Thus, in this embodiment, a total of 8 damping elements are provided, thereby providing stable and reliable additional damping and improving the vibration reduction effect.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the flexible support assembly includes support springs 33 evenly distributed in a ring between the top surface of the heave plate 32 and the bottom surface of the sleeve-shaped mass 31. Specifically, the support springs 33 are correspondingly arranged with damping elements, and the support springs 33 and their corresponding damping elements are arranged in the same phase in the axial direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of support springs 33 is set to 4, and the two ends of the support springs 33 are welded to the top surface of the heave plate 32 and the bottom surface of the sleeve-shaped mass 31, respectively. In this embodiment, the support springs 33 restrict the movement of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 along the central axis of the single column platform 20, while not affecting the displacement response of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 in the rotational degree of freedom. In this embodiment, the components are preferably connected by welding, which is firm, reliable, and easy to install. In this embodiment, the sleeve-shaped mass 31 is made of cast iron, which has high structural strength, is not easy to deform, ensures long-term reliability of vibration reduction performance, and is relatively inexpensive.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the damping element includes a viscous damper 34. The viscous damper 34 has an inner connecting plate 35 and an outer connecting plate 36 at both ends. The inner connecting plate 35 is connected to the outer wall of the single-column platform 20, and the outer connecting plate 36 is connected to the inner wall of the sleeve-shaped mass 31. The viscous damper 34 not only provides stable and reliable additional damping but also acts as a guide and limiter. It can also serve as a composite vibration damping element to avoid frequency misalignment caused by large swing angles, achieving a dual tuning function for the sleeve-shaped mass 31 under large-amplitude vibrations. By providing inner connecting plates 35 and outer connecting plates 36 at both ends of the viscous damper 34, it is possible not only to ensure that the control forces of the dampers arranged in two dimensions do not interfere with each other but also to resist the synergistic effect of wind and wave loads, achieving multi-directional vibration reduction.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, a stiffness spring 37 coaxially mounted on the outer sleeve of the viscous damper 34 is provided. The two ends of the stiffness spring 37 are connected to the inner connecting plate 35 and the outer connecting plate 36, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, a total of eight stiffness springs 37 are provided, and the two ends of each stiffness spring 37 are welded to the inner connecting plate 35 and the outer connecting plate 36, respectively. This embodiment combines the stiffness springs 37 with damping elements to convert the inertial force of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 into a control force for the single-column platform 20, and also facilitates assembly.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the sleeve-shaped mass 31 is coaxially arranged with the single-column platform 20, and the center of mass of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 and the center of mass of the single-column platform 20 are located on the same horizontal plane. The sleeve-shaped mass 31 in this embodiment has a hollow sleeve structure, thereby utilizing the inertial force generated by the sleeve-shaped mass 31 to dissipate energy. Simultaneously, the height of the center of mass of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 is the same as the height of the center of mass of the platform 1, and the central axis of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 coincides with the central axis of the single-column platform 20. The sleeve-shaped mass 31 and the single-column platform 20 are connected by a damping element, without changing the structural characteristics of the single-column platform 20, thus without altering the installation and maintenance methods of the wind power equipment.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the center of the heave plate 32 is located on the axis of the single-column platform 20, and the outer diameter of the heave plate 32 is equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped mass body 31. In this embodiment, the heave plate 32 is welded and fixed to the bottom surface of the single-column platform 20.

[0039] This embodiment addresses the unique structure and vibration characteristics of current mainstream single-column floating wind turbine platform structures. Without altering the installation and maintenance methods of wind power equipment, it adopts the above structure, designing the mass body as a hollow cylinder. Energy is dissipated by the inertial force generated by the sleeve-shaped mass body 31. Through the stiffness spring 37, viscous damper 34, and support spring 33, a control torque opposite to the motion of the single-column platform 20 can be generated. By adjusting the damping coefficients of the spring stiffness 37, support spring 33, and viscous damper 34, multi-directional control of the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the single-column platform 20 can be achieved. In service environments, when the single-column platform 20 exhibits a small rotational degree of freedom response, the sleeve-shaped mass 31 will rapidly generate a corresponding reverse vibration under the action of inertial force. Under the action of the stiffness spring 37, the viscous damper 34, and the support spring 33, the inertial force generated by the movement of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 will react on the structure itself, thereby producing a vibration reduction effect. Furthermore, since the sleeve-shaped mass 31 is installed outside the single-column platform 20 and connected to the single-column platform 20 through damping elements and springs, it does not affect the platform's structural characteristics, thus not changing the wind power equipment installation and maintenance methods. The sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper 30 of this embodiment has the advantages of simple construction, clear force transmission, and system stability. It is suitable for designs with dual tuning of translational and rotational degrees of freedom and high-frequency wind vibration, as well as for vibration reduction control under the combined action of low-frequency wave loads and wind loads. It can be applied to single-column floating platforms of various specifications.

[0040] Specifically, when the single-column platform 20 exhibits a small rotational degree of freedom response, the sleeve-shaped mass 31 will rapidly generate a corresponding reverse vibration under the action of inertial force. Under the action of the stiffness spring 37 and the viscous damper 34, the inertial force generated by the movement of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 will react on the structure itself, thereby producing a vibration reduction effect. When the single-column platform 20 vibrates horizontally due to wave loads, the sleeve-shaped mass 31 tunes the horizontal operating frequency of the single-column platform 20 to reduce vibration. When the single-column platform 20 is excited by the combined action of wave loads and wind loads, causing structural resonance and resulting in horizontal and rotational vibrations, the two layers of damping components and the stiffness spring 37 work together to tune the frequency of the sleeve-shaped mass 31 to match the horizontal and rotational operating frequencies of the single-column platform 20 for vibration reduction. The outer connecting plate 36 of the viscous damper transmits force to the sleeve-shaped mass 31, and under vibration, the viscous damper 34, together with the sleeve-shaped mass 31, generates damping force.

[0041] Field experiments have verified that the vibration reduction efficiency of the device can reach over 40%, and even over 50% in some operating conditions, through vibration table tests on a scaled-down model of a 3.4MW wind turbine equipped with the sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper 30 of this embodiment.

[0042] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A sleeve-type tuned mass damper characterized by: The sleeve-shaped mass body is sleeved outside the single-column platform, and the heaving plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the single-column platform and located below the sleeve-shaped mass body, and a flexible support assembly is arranged between the heaving plate and the sleeve-shaped mass body and used for flexibly supporting the sleeve-shaped mass body; The upper and lower ends of the sleeve-shaped mass body are respectively provided with a layer of damping assembly between the single-column platform; each layer of the damping assembly comprises at least three damping elements arranged in a ring shape and uniformly distributed, the damping elements are located in the radial direction, and the two ends of the damping elements are respectively fixedly connected with the single-column platform and the sleeve-shaped mass body.

2. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve-shaped mass body is coaxially arranged with the single-column platform, and the center of mass of the sleeve-shaped mass body and the center of mass of the single-column platform are located on the same horizontal plane.

3. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to claim 1, characterized by: Each layer of the damping element comprises four damping elements arranged in a ring shape and uniformly distributed, and two layers of the damping elements are arranged in the same phase in the axial direction.

4. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to claim 1, characterized by: The center of the heaving plate is located on the axis of the single-column platform, and the outer diameter of the heaving plate is equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped mass body; the flexible support assembly comprises support springs arranged in a ring shape and uniformly distributed between the top surface of the heaving plate and the bottom surface of the sleeve-shaped mass body.

5. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support spring is correspondingly arranged with the damping element, and the support spring and the corresponding damping element are arranged in the same phase in the axial direction.

6. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to claim 1, characterized by: The heaving plate is fixedly welded with the bottom surface of the single-column platform.

7. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The damping element comprises a viscous damper, and the two ends of the viscous damper are provided with an inner connecting plate and an outer connecting plate, the inner connecting plate is connected with the outer wall of the single-column platform, and the outer connecting plate is connected with the inner wall of the sleeve-shaped mass body.

8. The sleeve-type tuned mass damper according to claim 7, characterized in that: The viscous damper is externally sleeved with a stiffness spring coaxial with the viscous damper, and the two ends of the stiffness spring are respectively connected with the inner connecting plate and the outer connecting plate.

9. A single column floating platform characterized by: The single-column platform is provided with the sleeve-shaped tuned mass damper according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. An offshore wind turbine comprising a tower, a nacelle and blades, characterised in that: The bottom of the tower is provided with the single-column floating platform according to claim 9, and the tower is fixedly installed on the single-column platform.

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