Rear hanging type telescopic shovel

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rear hanging type telescopic shovel, and relates to the technical field of ice breaking and snow removing equipment. The rear hanging type telescopic shovel solves the problems that the width of the shovel body of an existing rear hanging type telescopic shovel cannot be adjusted, so that the universality of the shovel body is poor, the shovel body cannot better adapt to road surfaces with different widths, the obstacle avoidance performance is poor, and the trafficability of a vehicle is difficult to guarantee. A telescopic shovel body is arranged on the rear side of a telescopic shovel connecting assembly, a shovel frame is installed in the middle of the rear side of the telescopic shovel connecting assembly, a middle shovel body is installed below the shovel frame, a left shovel body and a right shovel body are arranged on the left side and the right side of the middle shovel body respectively, and shovel body telescopic mechanisms are installed at the two ends of the rear side of the middle shovel body respectively. The execution tail ends of the two sides of the shovel body telescopic mechanism are connected with the rear sides of the left shovel body and the right shovel body correspondingly. The width adjusting device is used for adjusting the width of the shovel body, can extend outwards through the shovel body telescopic mechanism to widen the working width of the shovel body, and can also be tightened inwards to reduce the width of the lifted shovel body so as to ensure the trafficability of a vehicle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to ice breaking and snow removing equipment technical field, concretely relates to a rear -hanging telescopic shovel. BACKGROUND

[0002] In winter, ice and snow road surface can seriously affect traffic safety. Especially in winter in the north, ice and snow road surface is more common. In order to clean ice and snow on road surface quickly and efficiently, technical personnel has developed ice breaking and snow removing equipment, and in the process of cleaning ice and snow on road surface, ice breaking and snow removing equipment can realize the cleaning operation of ice and snow road surface through rear -hanging telescopic shovel.

[0003] At present, the existing rear -hanging telescopic shovel cannot adjust the width of shovel body, leads to poor versatility of shovel body, cannot better adapt to road surface of different widths, and poor obstacle avoidance, and it is difficult to ensure the trafficability of vehicle. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] The utility model aims at solving the problems of the existing rear -hanging telescopic shovel, such as the inability to adjust the width of shovel body, poor versatility of shovel body, the inability to better adapt to road surface of different widths, poor obstacle avoidance and the difficulty to ensure the trafficability of vehicle, and further provides a rear -hanging telescopic shovel.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model is:

[0006] A rear -hanging telescopic shovel, it includes telescopic shovel car body connecting assembly and telescopic shovel body, telescopic shovel connecting assembly rear side is equipped with telescopic shovel body, the telescopic shovel body includes shovel frame 1, middle part shovel body 2, left side shovel body 3, right side shovel body 4 and shovel body telescopic mechanism 5, shovel frame 1 is installed in the middle part of telescopic shovel connecting assembly rear side, and the middle part shovel body 2 is installed below shovel frame 1, the left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the middle part shovel body 2, and the shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 is respectively installed at the both ends of the rear side of the middle part shovel body 2, and the both sides of the execution end of the shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 are respectively connected with the rear side of the left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4.

[0007] Further, the shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 includes two telescopic oil cylinders 501, two telescopic cylinder hinge pieces 502 and two telescopic piston rod hinge pieces 503, two telescopic oil cylinders 501 are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the middle part shovel body 2, the cylinder body first end of the two telescopic oil cylinders 501 is respectively connected with the middle part shovel body 2 through two telescopic cylinder hinge pieces 502, and the piston rod end of the two telescopic oil cylinders 501 is respectively connected with the rear side of the left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4 through two telescopic piston rod hinge pieces 503.

[0008] Further, the shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 further comprises two telescopic guide rods 504 and four telescopic guide sleeves 505, two telescopic guide sleeves 505 are installed on the rear side of the left side shovel body 3 and / or the right side shovel body 4, and the two telescopic guide sleeves 505 are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the two telescopic guide sleeves 505 along the length direction of the shovel body, two telescopic guide rods 504 are installed on the rear side of the middle shovel body 2, and the two ends of the telescopic guide rods 504 are respectively and slidably inserted into the four telescopic guide sleeves 505 on the left and right sides.

[0009] Further, the shovel frame 1 comprises two transverse rod members 101, two end longitudinal plate members 102 and two middle longitudinal plate members 103, the two transverse rod members 101 are symmetrically arranged above the middle shovel body 2 along the length direction of the middle shovel body 2, the left and right ends of the two transverse rod members 101 are respectively provided with two vertically arranged end longitudinal plate members 102, and the middle of the two transverse rod members 101 is provided with two vertically arranged middle longitudinal plate members 103.

[0010] Further, it further comprises two floating support assemblies 6, and the two floating support assemblies 6 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the shovel frame 1, each floating support assembly 6 comprises a floating spring 601, an upper floating hinge 602, a lower floating hinge 603, a front floating hinge 604 and a shovel body connecting stand 605, the shovel body connecting stand 605 is vertically installed on the rear side of the middle shovel body 2 along the width direction of the middle shovel body 2, the front end of the middle shovel body 2 is rotationally connected with the end of the front side transverse rod member 101 through the front floating hinge 604, the rear end of the middle shovel body 2 is rotationally connected with the lower end of the floating spring 601 through the lower floating hinge 603, and the upper end of the floating spring 601 is rotationally connected with the end of the rear side transverse rod member 101 through the upper floating hinge 602.

[0011] Further, the telescopic shovel body connecting assembly comprises a swing frame 7 and a slewing mechanism 8, the swing frame 7 is arranged above the middle of the shovel frame 1, and the slewing mechanism 8 is installed on the bottom of the rear side of the swing frame 7; the slewing mechanism 8 comprises a slewing shaft 801, a slewing connection hole plate 802, two slewing bearings, two slewing oil cylinders 803, two slewing cylinder body hinge members 804 and two slewing piston rod hinge members 805, the swing frame 7 and the shovel frame 1 are respectively provided with two coaxially arranged frame body shaft holes, the upper and lower ends of the slewing shaft 801 are respectively installed in the two frame body shaft holes through the two slewing bearings, the two slewing oil cylinders 803 are coaxially and oppositely arranged on the rear side of the lower part of the shovel frame 1 along the length direction of the shovel frame 1, the cylinder first ends of the two slewing oil cylinders 803 are rotationally connected with the shovel frame 1 through the two slewing cylinder body hinge members 804, and the piston rod ends of the two slewing oil cylinders 803 are rotationally connected with the upper sides of the two rear side transverse rod members 101 through the two slewing piston rod hinge members 805.

[0012] Further, the telescopic shovel body connecting assembly further comprises a lifting frame 9, a vehicle body connecting frame 10, a sliding guide assembly 11 and a lifting mechanism 12, the vehicle body connecting frame 10 comprises a middle connecting web plate and two side connecting wing plates vertically arranged on the left and right sides of the middle connecting web plate, the lifting frame 9 is arranged on the front side of the swing frame 7, the lifting frame 9 comprises a middle lifting web plate and two side lifting wing plates vertically arranged on the two side lifting wing plates, the middle lifting web plate is connected to the lifting frame 9 at the middle rear side of the middle lifting web plate, the outer sides of the two side lifting wing plates are respectively connected to the inner sides of the two side connecting wing plates through the sliding guide assembly 11, and the middle part of the top end of the middle connecting web plate is connected to the middle rear side of the middle lifting web plate through the lifting mechanism 12.

[0013] Further, the sliding guide assembly 11 comprises two upper sliding channels 1101, two lower sliding channels 1102 and four rollers 1103, the upper sliding channel 1101 and the lower sliding channel 1102 are arranged in parallel on the inner side of each middle connecting web plate along the length direction of the vehicle body connecting frame 10, the upper sliding channel 1101 and the lower sliding channel 1102 are both arranged obliquely, the two rollers 1103 are arranged in parallel on the outer side of the middle lifting web plate, and the upper sliding channel 1101 and the lower sliding channel 1102 are respectively in rolling connection with the upper roller 1103 and the lower roller 1103.

[0014] Further, the lifting mechanism 12 comprises two lifting oil cylinders 1201, two lifting cylinder hinging pieces 1202 and two lifting piston rod hinging pieces 1203, the two lifting oil cylinders 1201 are arranged in parallel between the two side connecting wing plates along the length direction of the vehicle body connecting frame 10, the first ends of the cylinder bodies of the two lifting oil cylinders 1201 are respectively connected to the top end of the middle connecting web plate through the two lifting cylinder hinging pieces 1202, and the piston rod ends of the two lifting oil cylinders 1201 are respectively connected to the rear side of the middle lifting web plate through the two lifting piston rod hinging pieces 1203.

[0015] Further, the middle shovel body 2, the left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4 all comprise a shovel body and a shovel tooth, and the bottom end of the shovel body is connected to the top end of the shovel tooth through a plurality of connecting elements.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following effects:

[0017] 1. The utility model can realize the adjustment of the width of the shovel body in the rear-hung telescopic shovel. The shovel body adopts a split structure, the left side shovel body and the right side shovel body are arranged on the left and right sides of the middle shovel body respectively, and the left side shovel body and the right side shovel body are realized to be close to or away from the middle shovel body through the two telescopic oil cylinders. The shovel body telescopic mechanism can be used to extend outward to widen the working width of the shovel body, and can also be used to be retracted inward to reduce the width of the shovel body after lifting to ensure the passability of the vehicle.

[0018] 2. The utility model can realize the adjustment of the height of the shovel body in the rear-hung telescopic shovel, and realize the smooth switching of the working state and the lifting state of the telescopic shovel.

[0019] 3. The utility model discloses a rear-hung telescopic shovel capable of realizing left and right swing of the shovel body, and further capable of scraping various ice and snow on the road surface and discharging to the left or right side.

[0020] 4. The utility model discloses two floating springs arranged between the shovel frame and the middle shovel body, so that the whole device can float with the road surface through the two floating springs during the working process, and the shovel body can also be turned back to avoid obstacles through the contraction of the two floating springs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is the axonometric view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the working state.

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 is the enlarged view at A.

[0023] Figure 3 is the side view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the lifting and tightening state.

[0024] Figure 4 is the plan view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the lifting and tightening state.

[0025] Figure 5 is the plan view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the right side snow discharging working state.

[0026] Figure 6 is the rear view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the working state.

[0027] Figure 7 is the plan view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the working state.

[0028] Figure 8 is the side view of the middle shovel body of the rear-hung telescopic shovel in the working state.

[0029] In the figure: 1, shovel frame; 101, transverse bar; 102, end longitudinal plate; 103, middle longitudinal plate; 2, middle shovel body; 3, left side shovel body; 4, right side shovel body; 5, shovel body telescopic mechanism; 501, telescopic oil cylinder; 502, telescopic cylinder hinge; 503, telescopic piston rod hinge; 504, telescopic guide rod; 505, telescopic guide sleeve; 6, floating support assembly; 601, floating spring; 602, upper floating hinge; 603, lower floating hinge; 604, front floating hinge; 605, shovel body connecting stand; 7, swing frame; 8, slewing mechanism; 801, slewing shaft; 802, slewing connection hole plate; 803, slewing oil cylinder; 804, slewing cylinder hinge; 805, slewing piston rod hinge; 9, lifting frame; 10, vehicle body connecting frame; 11, sliding guide assembly; 1101, upper slide; 1102, lower slide; 1103, roller; 12, lifting mechanism; 1201, lifting oil cylinder; 1202, lifting cylinder hinge; 1203, lifting piston rod hinge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, a rear-mounted telescopic shovel includes a telescopic shovel vehicle connecting assembly and a telescopic shovel body. The rear side of the telescopic shovel connecting assembly is provided with the telescopic shovel body. The telescopic shovel body includes a shovel frame 1, a middle shovel body 2, a left side shovel body 3, a right side shovel body 4, and a shovel body telescopic mechanism 5. The shovel frame 1 is installed at the middle of the rear side of the telescopic shovel connecting assembly. The middle shovel body 2 is installed below the shovel frame 1. The left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4 are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the middle shovel body 2. The shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 is respectively installed at the two ends of the rear side of the middle shovel body 2. The execution ends of the two sides of the shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 are respectively connected to the rear sides of the left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4.

[0031] DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, the shovel body telescopic mechanism 5 includes two telescopic oil cylinders 501, two telescopic cylinder hinges 502, and two telescopic piston rod hinges 503. The middle part of the rear side of the middle shovel body 2 is provided with two telescopic oil cylinders 501 arranged symmetrically along the length direction of the middle shovel body. The cylinder bodies of the two telescopic oil cylinders 501 are respectively connected to the middle shovel body 2 through two telescopic cylinder hinges 502. The piston rod ends of the two telescopic oil cylinders 501 are respectively connected to the middle parts of the rear sides of the left side shovel body 3 and the right side shovel body 4 through two telescopic piston rod hinges 503. In this way, the shovel body adopts a split structure. The left side shovel body and the right side shovel body are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the middle shovel body. The left side shovel body and the right side shovel body are respectively connected to the middle shovel body through two telescopic oil cylinders. The left side shovel body and the right side shovel body are close to or away from the middle shovel body. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0032] DETAILED DESCRIPTIONFigures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, the telescopic mechanism 5 of the shovel further comprises two telescopic guide rods 504 and four telescopic guide sleeves 505. Two telescopic guide sleeves 505 are installed on the rear side of the left and right side shovels 3 and 4, respectively, and are arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the two telescopic guide sleeves 505. Two telescopic guide rods 504 are installed on the rear side of the middle shovel 2, and the two ends of the telescopic guide rods 504 are respectively and slidably inserted into the four telescopic guide sleeves 505 on the left and right sides. In this way, when the piston rods of the two telescopic oil cylinders move towards or away from each other during the telescopic operation, the telescopic guide sleeves and the telescopic guide rods slide together, which can improve the stability of the telescopic operation. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.

[0033] Specific embodiment four: combination Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, the shovel frame 1 comprises two transverse rods 101, two end longitudinal plates 102 and two middle longitudinal plates 103. The two transverse rods 101 are arranged symmetrically on the upper side of the middle shovel 2 along the length direction of the middle shovel 2. The two transverse rods 101 are respectively provided with two vertically arranged end longitudinal plates 102 at the left and right ends, and the two transverse rods 101 are respectively provided with two vertically arranged middle longitudinal plates 103 at the middle. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second or third embodiment.

[0034] Specific embodiment five: combination Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, the device further comprises two floating support assemblies 6, which are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the shovel frame 1. Each floating support assembly 6 comprises a floating spring 601, an upper floating hinge 602, a lower floating hinge 603, a front floating hinge 604 and a shovel connecting stand 605. The shovel connecting stand 605 is vertically installed on the rear side of the middle shovel 2 along the width direction of the middle shovel 2. The front end of the middle shovel 2 is rotatably connected to the end of the front transverse rod 101 through the front floating hinge 604. The rear end of the middle shovel 2 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the floating spring 601 through the lower floating hinge 603. The upper end of the floating spring 601 is rotatably connected to the end of the rear transverse rod 101 through the upper floating hinge 602. In this way, by arranging two floating springs between the shovel frame and the middle shovel, the entire device can float along the road surface during operation, which can adapt to the left and right unevenness of the road surface. At the same time, the contraction of the two floating springs can also realize the overall backward turning of the shovel to avoid obstacles. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third or fourth embodiment.

[0035] Specific embodiment six: combination Figures 1 to 8To illustrate the embodiment, the telescopic snowplow body connecting assembly of the embodiment comprises a swing frame 7 and a slewing mechanism 8, the swing frame 7 is arranged above the middle part of the plow frame 1, and the slewing mechanism 8 is installed at the bottom of the rear side of the swing frame 7; the slewing mechanism 8 comprises a slewing shaft 801, a slewing connecting hole plate 802, two slewing bearings, two slewing oil cylinders 803, two slewing cylinder body hinging pieces 804 and two slewing piston rod hinging pieces 805, the swing frame 7 and the plow frame 1 are respectively provided with two frame body shaft holes arranged coaxially, the slewing shaft 801 is installed in the two frame body shaft holes through the two slewing bearings at the upper and lower ends of the slewing shaft 801, the two slewing oil cylinders 803 are arranged at the lower rear side of the plow frame 1 in the coaxial opposite direction along the length direction of the plow frame 1, the first ends of the two slewing oil cylinders 803 are rotatably connected with the plow frame 1 through the two slewing cylinder body hinging pieces 804, and the distal ends of the piston rods of the two slewing oil cylinders 803 are rotatably connected with the upper part of the two sides of the rear side transverse rod 101 through the two slewing piston rod hinging pieces 805. In this way, the snowplow angle is controlled by the two slewing oil cylinders. Further, the left and right swinging of the plow body in the rear-hung telescopic snowplow is realized, and then used for scraping various ice and snow on the road surface and discharging to the left or right side. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth or fifth embodiment.

[0036] Specific embodiment seven: in combination Figures 1 to 8 To illustrate the embodiment, the telescopic snowplow body connecting assembly of the embodiment further comprises a lifting frame 9, a vehicle body connecting frame 10, a sliding guide assembly 11 and a lifting mechanism 12, the vehicle body connecting frame 10 comprises a middle connecting web plate and two side connecting wing plates arranged vertically opposite to the left and right sides of the middle connecting web plate, the lifting frame 9 is arranged at the front side of the swing frame 7, the lifting frame 9 comprises a middle lifting web plate and two side lifting wing plates arranged vertically opposite, the middle part of the rear side of the middle lifting web plate is connected with the lifting frame 9, the outer sides of the two side lifting wing plates are slidably connected with the inner sides of the two side connecting wing plates through the sliding guide assembly 11, and the middle part of the top end of the middle connecting web plate is connected with the middle part of the rear side of the middle lifting web plate through the lifting mechanism 12. In this way, the vehicle body connecting frame 10 is used to realize the connection between the rear-hung telescopic snowplow and the rear part of the truck or engineering machinery. The lifting mechanism 12 is used to realize the overall lifting of the plow body, and when the lifting mechanism 12 drives the lifting frame 9 and the plow body structure installed thereon to ascend along the two sides of the vehicle body connecting frame 10, the adjustment of the lifting state is realized. When the lifting mechanism 12 drives the lifting frame 9 and the plow body structure installed thereon to descend along the two sides of the vehicle body connecting frame 10, the adjustment of the working state is realized. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiment.

[0037] Specific embodiment eight: in combination Figures 1 to 8In this embodiment, the sliding guide assembly 11 includes two upper slides 1101, two lower slides 1102, and four rollers 1103. The upper and lower slides 1101 and 1102 are arranged side by side on the inner side of the middle connecting web along the length direction of the vehicle body connecting frame 10. The upper and lower slides 1101 and 1102 are both inclined. The two rollers 1103 are arranged side by side on the front outer side of the middle lifting web. The upper and lower rollers 1103 are in rolling contact with the upper and lower slides 1101 and 1102, respectively. In this way, when the lifting mechanism 12 drives the lifting frame 9 to perform lifting operation, the four rollers 1103 installed on both sides of the lifting frame 9 slide up and down in the two upper slides 1101 and the two lower slides 1102. On the one hand, the stability of the lifting frame 9 during lifting can be ensured. On the other hand, the use of rollers can reduce friction and save effort. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, or seven.

[0038] Eighth embodiment Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism 12 includes two lifting cylinders 1201, two lifting cylinder body hinge members 1202, and two lifting piston rod hinge members 1203. The two lifting cylinders 1201 are arranged side by side between the two side connecting wings along the length direction of the vehicle body connecting frame 10. The first ends of the cylinder bodies of the two lifting cylinders 1201 are rotatably connected to the top ends of the middle connecting web through the two lifting cylinder body hinge members 1202. The rod ends of the two lifting cylinders 1201 are rotatably connected to the rear side of the middle lifting web through the two lifting piston rod hinge members 1203. In this way, the two lifting cylinders 1201 can realize the lifting of the lifting frame 9 through the extension and retraction of the piston rod under the control of the controller, thereby realizing the lifting operation of the shovel body. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight.

[0039] Tenth embodiment Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment, the middle shovel body 2, the left shovel body 3, and the right shovel body 4 each include a shovel body and a cutting tooth. The bottom end of the shovel body is connected to the top end of the cutting tooth through a plurality of connecting elements. In this way, the bolt connection between the shovel body and the cutting tooth facilitates the replacement of the cutting tooth. The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine.

[0040] Working principle

[0041] In combination ​The working principle of the rear-hung telescopic shovel is as follows: the rear-hung telescopic shovel is installed at the rear part of a truck or engineering machinery; before operation, the shovel body is switched from the lifting state to the working state through the control of the two lifting oil cylinders, so that the shovel body is in contact with the road surface; the truck or engineering machinery drives the rear-hung telescopic shovel to drive forward, so that the ice and snow road surface is cleaned; then the left shovel body and the right shovel body are extended outward through the two telescopic oil cylinders, so that the working width of the shovel body is widened; during operation, the snow removal angle of the shovel body is controlled through the two rotary oil cylinders, so that the left and right swinging of the shovel body in the rear-hung telescopic shovel is realized, and then the rear-hung telescopic shovel is used for scraping various ice and snow on the road surface and discharging to the left side or the right side; after the operation is completed, the shovel body is switched from the working state to the lifting state through the control of the two lifting oil cylinders, and the left shovel body and the right shovel body are retracted inward through the two telescopic oil cylinders, so that the width of the shovel body after being lifted is reduced, so that the passability of the vehicle is ensured.

[0042] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel comprising a telescopic shovel body connecting assembly and a telescopic shovel body, the rear side of the telescopic shovel connecting assembly being provided with the telescopic shovel body, characterized in that: The telescopic shovel body comprises a shovel frame (1), a middle shovel body (2), a left side shovel body (3), a right side shovel body (4) and a shovel body telescopic mechanism (5), the shovel frame (1) is installed at the middle part of the rear side of the telescopic shovel connecting assembly, the middle shovel body (2) is installed below the shovel frame (1), the left side shovel body (3) and the right side shovel body (4) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the middle shovel body (2), the shovel body telescopic mechanism (5) is respectively installed at the two ends of the rear side of the middle shovel body (2), and the two ends of the shovel body telescopic mechanism (5) are respectively connected with the rear side of the left side shovel body (3) and the right side shovel body (4).

2. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shovel body telescopic mechanism (5) comprises two telescopic oil cylinders (501), two telescopic cylinder body hinged pieces (502) and two telescopic piston rod hinged pieces (503), the middle part of the rear side of the middle shovel body (2) is provided with two telescopic oil cylinders (501) arranged symmetrically along the length direction of the middle shovel body, the cylinder bodies of the two telescopic oil cylinders (501) are respectively connected with the middle shovel body (2) through two telescopic cylinder body hinged pieces (502), and the piston rods of the two telescopic oil cylinders (501) are respectively connected with the middle part of the rear side of the left side shovel body (3) and the right side shovel body (4) through two telescopic piston rod hinged pieces (503).

3. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shovel body telescopic mechanism (5) further comprises two telescopic guide rods (504) and four telescopic guide sleeves (505), the two telescopic guide sleeves (505) are installed on the rear side of the left side shovel body (3) and / or the right side shovel body (4), the two telescopic guide sleeves (505) are arranged symmetrically on the upper side and the lower side of the two telescopic guide sleeves (505) arranged symmetrically along the length direction of the shovel body, the two telescopic guide rods (504) are installed on the rear side of the middle shovel body (2), and the two ends of the two telescopic guide rods (504) are respectively slidably inserted into the four telescopic guide sleeves (505) on the left side and the right side.

4. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The shovel frame (1) comprises two transverse rod pieces (101), two end longitudinal plate pieces (102) and two middle longitudinal plate pieces (103), the two transverse rod pieces (101) are arranged symmetrically on the upper side of the middle shovel body (2) along the length direction of the middle shovel body (2), the left end and the right end of the two transverse rod pieces (101) are respectively provided with two vertically arranged end longitudinal plate pieces (102), and the middle part of the two transverse rod pieces (101) is provided with two vertically arranged middle longitudinal plate pieces (103).

5. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 4, characterised in that: It also includes two floating support assemblies (6), two floating support assemblies (6) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the shovel frame (1), each floating support assembly (6) includes a floating spring (601), an upper floating hinge (602), a lower floating hinge (603), a front floating hinge (604) and a shovel body connecting stand (605), the shovel body connecting stand (605) is vertically installed on the rear side of the middle shovel body (2) along the width direction of the middle shovel body (2), the front end of the middle shovel body (2) is rotatably connected with the end of the front side transverse rod (101) through the front floating hinge (604), the rear end of the middle shovel body (2) is rotatably connected with the lower end of the floating spring (601) through the lower floating hinge (603), and the upper end of the floating spring (601) is rotatably connected with the end of the rear side transverse rod (101) through the upper floating hinge (602).

6. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 5, characterised in that: The telescopic shovel body connecting assembly includes a swing frame (7) and a slewing mechanism (8), the swing frame (7) is arranged above the middle part of the shovel frame (1), and the slewing mechanism (8) is installed on the bottom of the rear side of the swing frame (7); the slewing mechanism (8) includes a slewing shaft (801), a slewing connecting hole plate (802), two slewing bearings, two slewing oil cylinders (803), two slewing cylinder hinge pieces (804) and two slewing piston rod hinge pieces (805), the swing frame (7) and the shovel frame (1) are respectively provided with two frame body shaft holes coaxially arranged, the slewing shaft (801) is installed in the two frame body shaft holes through the two slewing bearings on the upper and lower ends, respectively, the two slewing oil cylinders (803) are arranged on the rear side of the lower part of the shovel frame (1) coaxially and oppositely along the length direction of the shovel frame (1), the first ends of the two slewing oil cylinders (803) are rotatably connected with the shovel frame (1) through the two slewing cylinder hinge pieces (804), respectively, and the distal ends of the piston rods of the two slewing oil cylinders (803) are rotatably connected with the upper sides of the rear side transverse rods (101) through the two slewing piston rod hinge pieces (805), respectively.

7. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 6, characterised in that: The telescopic shovel body connecting assembly further includes a lifting frame (9), a vehicle body connecting frame (10), a sliding guide assembly (11) and a lifting mechanism (12), the vehicle body connecting frame (10) includes a middle connecting web plate and two side connecting wing plates vertically and oppositely arranged on the left and right sides of the middle connecting web plate, the lifting frame (9) is arranged on the front side of the swing frame (7), and the lifting frame (9) includes a middle lifting web plate and two side lifting wing plates vertically and oppositely arranged, the middle part of the rear side of the middle lifting web plate is connected with the lifting frame (9), the outer sides of the two side lifting wing plates are slidably connected with the inner sides of the two side connecting wing plates through the sliding guide assembly (11), respectively, and the middle part of the top end of the middle connecting web plate is connected with the middle part of the rear side of the middle lifting web plate through the lifting mechanism (12).

8. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sliding guide assembly (11) comprises two upper slides (1101), two lower slides (1102) and four rollers (1103), the upper and lower slides (1101, 1102) are arranged in parallel on the inner side of the middle connecting web along the length direction of the vehicle connecting frame (10), the upper and lower slides (1101, 1102) are both arranged obliquely, the two rollers (1103) are arranged in parallel on the outer side of the middle lifting web, and the upper and lower rollers (1103) are respectively in rolling cooperation with the upper and lower slides (1101, 1102).

9. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (12) comprises two lifting oil cylinders (1201), two lifting cylinder hinge pieces (1202) and two lifting piston rod hinge pieces (1203), the two lifting oil cylinders (1201) are arranged in parallel between the two side connecting wings along the length direction of the vehicle connecting frame (10), the first ends of the cylinder bodies of the two lifting oil cylinders (1201) are respectively rotatably connected with the top end of the middle connecting web through the two lifting cylinder hinge pieces (1202), and the rod ends of the two lifting oil cylinders (1201) are respectively rotatably connected with the rear side of the middle lifting web through the two lifting piston rod hinge pieces (1203).

10. A rear-mounted telescopic shovel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle shovel body (2), the left shovel body (3) and the right shovel body (4) each comprise a shovel body and a shovel tooth, and the bottom end of the shovel body is connected with the top end of the shovel tooth through a plurality of connecting elements.

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