Device and system for measuring settlement and convergence of subway tunnel vault

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device and a system for measuring settlement and convergence of a subway tunnel vault, which skillfully accommodate a laser range finder in an auxiliary support, then deploy range finding targets on the tunnel vault and the side surface, deploy positioning nails corresponding to the range finding targets on the tunnel ground and the side surface, and finally perform the measurement of the settlement and convergence of the subway tunnel vault. The vertical and horizontal clearance sizes of the tunnel are measured by simply and tightly sleeving the convex part at the upper part of the positioning nail with the positioning groove at the bottom of the auxiliary bracket, and the elevation value of the vault of the tunnel can be calculated on the basis of the elevation of the convex part on the positioning nail obtained by leveling. The problem that tunnel vault settlement is difficult to observe in a traditional method is solved, efficient and rapid collection of tunnel vault settlement and vertical and horizontal clearance convergence data is achieved, and a feasible and reliable auxiliary device scheme is provided for daily tunnel monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of auxiliary tooling for tunnel measurement devices and tunnel measurement devices, and in particular to a device and system for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, operation, and maintenance, measuring changes in the clearance dimensions around the tunnel—specifically, measuring the tunnel clearance convergence displacement and crown settlement—provides a clear and direct assessment of the stability of the surrounding rock or structure. However, due to the generally long length of tunnels, current periodic monitoring during long-term operation largely relies on manual on-site measurements. This results in a significant time commitment for data collection within a long tunnel. Furthermore, because tunnel monitoring is a long-term process, surveyors need to conduct multiple measurements at specific areas or points over a certain period. Currently, quickly and accurately locating and calibrating the measurement positions is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Additionally, the large size of subway tunnels makes it impossible to directly observe tunnel crown settlement using traditional geometric leveling methods, posing a significant challenge to obtaining this crucial indicator reflecting tunnel structural deformation.

[0003] Although some literature has disclosed schemes for deploying mounting brackets inside tunnels to assist in the fixed installation of measuring tools, this method often requires high installation costs, and some even require complex disassembly and assembly of measuring tools. Although the reliability of measurement is improved, the time consumed in measurement cannot be taken into account. Therefore, how to optimize the measuring auxiliary tooling while taking into account both measurement efficiency and data measurement reliability is a research topic with positive practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a device and system for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel that is reliable in implementation, flexible in application, and convenient in measurement operation.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel, comprising a laser rangefinder, wherein the upper end of the laser rangefinder is provided with a ranging port for transmitting and receiving ranging signals, characterized in that it further comprises:

[0007] The auxiliary support is an open-top frame structure with an internal accommodating area for fixing and housing the laser rangefinder. When the laser rangefinder is placed in the accommodating area, its measuring port is exposed at the top of the auxiliary support. The auxiliary support is also connected to a support assembly for further supporting the auxiliary support. For ease of horizontal positioning, as an example, the top of the auxiliary support may be equipped with a circular horizontal bubble assembly, which allows the device to be placed vertically on the ground during installation.

[0008] The positioning pins are arranged at intervals along the tunnel length direction on the ground below the tunnel arch. The upper part of each positioning pin has a hemispherical protrusion that protrudes from the ground. The protrusion facilitates the positioning of the geometric leveling rod. The lower end face of the auxiliary support has a positioning groove with a hemispherical structure that adapts to the protrusion. The positioning groove and the hemispherical structure of the positioning pin can ensure a tight fit between them.

[0009] The ranging target, which serves as the aiming target for each distance measurement by the laser rangefinder, can reflect the ranging signal of the laser rangefinder. The number of the ranging targets is multiple and corresponds to the number of the positioning pins. The multiple ranging targets are spaced apart along the tunnel length direction in the middle of the tunnel arch and / or on the other side of the lower part of the tunnel, and are respectively vertically opposite to the positioning pins located on the ground below the arch or horizontally opposite to the positioning pins on one side of the lower part of the tunnel.

[0010] As one possible implementation, the lower end of the auxiliary support in this solution is provided with a base plate, and the positioning groove is located at the center of the lower end surface of the base plate.

[0011] As one possible implementation, the laser rangefinder described in this solution has an operation button on one side, and the auxiliary bracket has an open surface on the side of the laser rangefinder where the operation button is located, allowing the operation button to be exposed.

[0012] As a preferred implementation option, the protruding part of the positioning pin in this solution is a hemispherical structure, which facilitates the positioning of the geometric leveling ruler. The positioning groove is a corresponding hemispherical groove, and the hemispherical structures of the positioning pin and the positioning groove can fit together tightly.

[0013] As a preferred implementation option, the support components described in this solution are a pair, which are connected to each other on both sides of the auxiliary bracket.

[0014] As a preferred implementation option, the supporting components described in this solution include:

[0015] A connecting seat is fixedly installed on the upper side of the auxiliary bracket;

[0016] The support rod has one end movably connected to the connecting seat via a ball joint connector, and the other end is used to support the ground.

[0017] As a preferred implementation option, the telescopic rod of the support rod described in this solution.

[0018] Based on the above, this solution also proposes a subway tunnel arch settlement and convergence measurement system, which includes the aforementioned device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the subway tunnel arch.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages by adopting the above technical solution: The present invention ingeniously houses the laser rangefinder in the auxiliary support, and then deploys the rangefinder targets on the tunnel arch and sides, and deploys the positioning pins corresponding to the rangefinder targets on the tunnel ground and sides. The upper protrusion of the positioning pin is easily and tightly fitted with the positioning groove at the bottom of the auxiliary support to measure the vertical and horizontal clearance dimensions of the tunnel. Based on the elevation of the upper protrusion of the positioning pin obtained by leveling, the elevation value of the tunnel arch can be calculated, which solves the problem of the difficulty in observing the settlement of the tunnel arch in the traditional method. It realizes the efficient and rapid collection of data on the settlement of the tunnel arch and the vertical and horizontal clearance convergence, and provides a feasible and reliable auxiliary device solution for daily tunnel monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a simplified three-dimensional schematic diagram of the device implementation structure of this scheme, in which only one of the positioning pin and the ranging target is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the auxiliary support body of the device in this scheme, which shows the structural situation from two three-dimensional perspectives;

[0023] Figure 3 This is one of the simplified two-dimensional schematic diagrams of the device in this scheme measuring the settlement of the arch in the tunnel. It shows the state in which the support components are used to assist in supporting the auxiliary support frame so that it is placed vertically on the ground.

[0024] Figure 4 This is the second simplified two-dimensional schematic diagram of the device in this scheme measuring the settlement of the arch in the tunnel. It shows the state in which the support component is used to assist in supporting the auxiliary support bracket so that it is placed vertically on the ground.

[0025] Figure 5This is a simplified operational diagram of the device used in this scheme to measure the settlement and convergence of the tunnel arch, with the auxiliary support portion omitted. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be particularly noted that the following embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the following embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown in one embodiment, this embodiment provides a device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel, including a laser rangefinder 1. The upper end of the laser rangefinder 1 is provided with a ranging port 11 for transmitting and receiving ranging signals. As an example, in this embodiment, the laser rangefinder 1 can be a commercially available Leica DISTO D810 touch laser rangefinder.

[0028] In addition to the rangefinder mentioned above, the device in this solution also includes:

[0029] The auxiliary support 2 is an open frame structure with an internal accommodating area 22 for fixing and accommodating the laser rangefinder 1. When the laser rangefinder 1 is placed in the accommodating area 22, its upper measuring port 11 is exposed at the upper end of the auxiliary support 2. The auxiliary support 2 is also connected to a support component 3, which is used to assist in supporting the auxiliary support 2 so that it is placed vertically on the ground 6 (i.e., when used in a tunnel, it assists in supporting the auxiliary support 2 on the tunnel ground 6).

[0030] Positioning pins 4, in multiples, are spaced apart on the ground below the tunnel arch along the tunnel length direction. The upper part of each positioning pin 4 has an outward protrusion 41 protruding from the ground, and the lower end face of the auxiliary support 2 has a positioning groove 23 whose structure is adapted to the outward protrusion 41.

[0031] Ranging targets 5, used to reflect the ranging signal of the laser rangefinder 1, are multiple in number and correspond one-to-one with the positioning pins 4. These ranging targets 5 are spaced apart along the tunnel length direction at the middle of the tunnel arch 7 and / or on the other side of the lower tunnel, and are respectively vertically opposite to the positioning pins 4 located on the ground 6 below the arch 7 or horizontally opposite to the positioning pins 4 on one side of the lower tunnel (e.g., ...). Figures 3 to 5 As shown in one of them, the ranging target 5 serves as the aiming target of the laser rangefinder 1 for each ranging measurement. It can reflect the ranging signal of the laser rangefinder to achieve rapid measurement, providing operators with convenient, flexible and efficient data acquisition assistance.

[0032] In order to better place the auxiliary support on the ground, as a possible implementation method, the lower end of the auxiliary support 2 is provided with a base plate, and the positioning groove 23 is located at the center of the lower end surface of the base plate.

[0033] To facilitate horizontal positioning, as an example, a circular horizontal bubble assembly can be installed on the top of the auxiliary support 2. During installation, the device can be placed vertically on the ground with the help of the circular horizontal bubble assembly. Since the circular horizontal bubble assembly is a common auxiliary component of surveying tools, it will not be described in detail here.

[0034] In addition, to facilitate the operation of the laser rangefinder 1 during use, as a possible implementation, the laser rangefinder 1 is provided with an operation button 12 on one side, and the auxiliary bracket 2 is provided with an open surface 21 for exposing the operation button on the side of the laser rangefinder 1 where the operation button 12 is provided.

[0035] In this scheme, the main function of the positioning nail 4 is to provide a mark for the distance measurement position. The positioning nail 4 itself is low in cost. After being pre-embedded in the tunnel ground or sidewall, it can be used as a long-term measuring point for subsequent tunnel arch settlement or convergence measurement. Similarly, the distance measurement target 5 can also be made of a low-cost material that reflects the distance measurement signal. By planning the positioning nail 4 and the distance measurement target 5 in advance in the tunnel, the subsequent inspection personnel can easily find the measurement position and carry out the measurement operation, which provides greater convenience for the subsequent monitoring and maintenance work of the tunnel.

[0036] To improve the convenience of positioning and fitting, as a preferred implementation option, the protruding part 41 of the positioning nail 4 in this solution is a hemispherical structure, and the positioning groove 23 is a corresponding hemispherical groove. In this solution, the protruding part 41 can facilitate the positioning of the geometric leveling ruler, and the hemispherical structures of the positioning nail 4 and the positioning groove 23 can fit together tightly, thereby achieving stable positioning.

[0037] Regarding the implementation structure of the support component 3, as a preferred implementation option, the support component 3 in this solution is preferably a pair, which are connected to the two sides of the auxiliary bracket 2. Specifically, the support component 3 in this solution includes:

[0038] The connecting seat 31 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the auxiliary bracket 2;

[0039] The support rod 32 has one end movably connected to the connecting seat 31 via a ball joint connector 33, and the other end is used to support the ground 6; wherein, Figure 3 , Figure 4 The state of the support rod 32 assisting in supporting the auxiliary bracket 2 is shown.

[0040] In this solution, the support rod 32 can be a single straight rod, or it can be a telescopic rod with a certain damping. In this way, the working length of the support rod 32 can be adjusted to adapt to the undulation of the ground where the positioning nail 4 is located during measurement.

[0041] exist Figures 1 to 4 Based on what is shown, combined with Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a simplified operation of the device in this embodiment for measuring arch settlement and convergence within a tunnel (details of the auxiliary support are omitted). When measuring arch settlement, the operator simply aligns the auxiliary support 2, which houses the laser rangefinder 1, with the positioning pin 4 on the ground, ensuring the positioning groove 23 engages with the protruding part 41 on the positioning pin 4. This facilitates initial positioning. Then, by rotating the support rod 32 of the support assembly 3 to erect the auxiliary support 2, the laser rangefinder 1 is activated. The attitude of the auxiliary support 2 is then fine-tuned to align the signal emission point of the laser rangefinder 1 with the ranging target 5 on the arch 7 above the positioning pin 4. This allows for convenient data collection of arch settlement. By summarizing, comparing, and fitting the data collected at different times, the settlement status can be easily obtained.

[0042] When measuring tunnel convergence, the operator only needs to align the auxiliary support 2 containing the laser rangefinder 1 with the positioning pin 4 on the side of the tunnel, so that its positioning groove 23 matches the outward protrusion 41 on the positioning pin 4. Then, the laser rangefinder 1 is activated, and the attitude of the auxiliary support 2 is finely adjusted so that the signal emission point of the laser rangefinder 1 is aligned with the horizontally opposite ranging target 5 of the positioning pin 4 on the side of the tunnel. This makes it easy to complete the convergence data collection. Then, by summarizing, comparing and fitting the data collected at different times, the convergence status can be easily obtained.

[0043] Since the methods for processing data on tunnel settlement and convergence are well-known and common, their calculation methods will not be elaborated here.

[0044] Based on the above, the device used in this embodiment for measuring the settlement and convergence of the tunnel arch can also be used as a data acquisition terminal in the measurement system for the settlement and convergence of the tunnel arch.

[0045] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and does not limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any equivalent device or equivalent process transformation made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are similarly included in the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel, comprising a laser rangefinder, wherein the upper end of the laser rangefinder is provided with a ranging port for transmitting and receiving ranging signals, characterized in that, It also includes: The auxiliary support is an open frame structure with an internal accommodating area for fixing and accommodating a laser rangefinder. When the laser rangefinder is placed in the accommodating area, its ranging port is exposed at the upper end of the auxiliary support. The auxiliary support is also connected to a support assembly for supporting the auxiliary support. The positioning pins are in multiple quantities and are spaced apart along the tunnel length direction on the ground below the tunnel arch and / or on one side of the lower part of the tunnel. The upper part of each positioning pin has an outward protrusion protruding from the ground, and the lower end face of the auxiliary support has a positioning groove with a structure adapted to the outward protrusion. The ranging targets are multiple and correspond to the number of positioning pins. The multiple ranging targets are spaced apart along the tunnel length direction in the middle of the tunnel arch and / or on the other side of the lower part of the tunnel, and are respectively vertically opposite to the positioning pins located on the ground below the arch or horizontally opposite to the positioning pins on one side of the lower part of the tunnel.

2. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the auxiliary support is provided with a base plate, and the positioning groove is located at the center of the lower end face of the base plate.

3. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary support is equipped with a circular horizontal bubble assembly at its top.

4. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser rangefinder has an operation button on one side, and the auxiliary bracket has an open surface on the side of the laser rangefinder with the operation button exposed.

5. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The protruding part of the positioning pin is a hemispherical structure, and the positioning groove is a corresponding hemispherical groove.

6. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The support components are a pair, which are connected to each other on both sides of the auxiliary bracket.

7. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support components include: A connecting seat is fixedly installed on the upper side of the auxiliary bracket; The support rod has one end movably connected to the connecting seat via a ball joint connector, and the other end is used to support the ground.

8. The device for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The support rod is a telescopic rod.

9. A system for measuring settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel, characterized in that, It includes the apparatus for measuring the settlement and convergence of the arch of a subway tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

Images