Gasification superheater

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of heating devices, and particularly relates to a gasification superheater. The gasification superheater is divided into a superheat section, a conical section and an evaporation gasification section, a superheat section tube bundle is arranged in the superheat section and fixed on a tube plate a and a tube plate b, and the tube plate b is fixed between a barrel flange b and a conical section flange through bolts. Or an electric heating element is arranged in the overheating section, and the overheating section is connected with the conical section through a barrel flange b. A U-shaped tube bundle is arranged in the evaporation and gasification section and is fixed on a tube plate c, and the tube plate c is fixed between the barrel flange c and the tube box flange b through bolts. According to the gasification superheater, the problem of thermal stress caused by large average metal temperature difference between a shell pass and a tube pass is solved, and in addition, a detachable structure is adopted, so that maintenance, cleaning and replacement are convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of heating devices, specifically relating to a gasification superheater. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial production, gasification superheaters are indispensable key equipment in many process units, mainly used to convert liquid materials into gaseous state and further heat them to the required superheated state. Traditional gasification superheaters typically consist of two separate units: a gasifier and a superheater, connected by pipelines. However, this design has significant drawbacks: firstly, the pipeline connection between the two units not only increases system complexity but also leads to substantial heat loss, reducing overall energy efficiency; secondly, the independent arrangement of the two units occupies a large amount of space, hindering the compact design of the process unit; and finally, the large number of units also increases the difficulty of maintenance and management.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, Chinese patent CN201488604U proposes an innovative gasification superheater design that integrates the gasifier and superheater into a single unit. This integrated design reduces heat loss, lowers the equipment footprint, and reduces the number of devices required, thereby improving the overall efficiency and space utilization of the process unit. However, despite these improvements, some structural design flaws still exist in practical applications, limiting its applicability.

[0004] Specifically, the vaporization superheater in patent CN201488604U suffers from a significant difference in average wall temperature between the tube side and the shell side. In the lower part of the vaporizer, the hot-side material flows in the shell side, while the cold material evaporates and vaporizes in the tube side. For most process materials, the average wall temperature in the shell side is typically much higher than that in the tube side. A similar problem exists in the upper part of the superheater. When the superheat at the material outlet is high, the difference in average wall temperature between the shell side and the tube side becomes even more pronounced. This temperature difference can not only lead to significant thermal stress during operation, increasing the risk of equipment instability, but may also necessitate the use of expansion joints in the shell side to compensate for thermal expansion. However, the installation of expansion joints not only increases the difficulty and cost of equipment manufacturing but may also become a potential factor for equipment instability.

[0005] Furthermore, this integrated design presents challenges in cleaning. If scaling occurs in the shell side material, it is difficult to disassemble and clean the gasifier and superheater since they are combined into one unit, thus affecting the long-term stable operation of the equipment and the quality of material processing. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology and provide a gasification superheater that avoids the thermal stress problem caused by the large average metal temperature difference between the shell side and the tube side. In addition, it adopts a detachable structure, which facilitates maintenance, cleaning and replacement.

[0007] The gasification superheater of this utility model is divided into three sections: superheating section, conical section, and evaporation and gasification section. A superheating section tube bundle is provided in the superheating section. The superheating section tube bundle is fixed on tube sheet a and tube sheet b. The tube sheet b is fixed between the cylinder flange b and the conical section flange by bolts.

[0008] Alternatively, an electric heating element may be installed in the superheated section, which is connected to the conical section via a cylinder flange b. Whether or not a conical section is installed and its size depends on the design calculations for the evaporation and vaporization section and the superheated section.

[0009] A U-shaped tube bundle is installed in the evaporation and vaporization section. The U-shaped tube bundle is fixed to the tube sheet c, which is bolted between the shell flange c and the tube box flange b, and can be disassembled as a whole. The U-shaped tube bundle can freely expand and contract within the shell, and will not generate thermal stress with the shell-side shell.

[0010] Preferably, the tube sheet a is fixed between the tube box flange a and the cylinder flange a by bolts.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the superheated section is provided with a superheated gaseous material outlet, and the superheated section is provided with a condensate outlet b.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the overheated section is provided with an explosion-proof wiring chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the superheated section is provided with baffles inside and supports on the outside.

[0014] Preferably, the evaporation and vaporization section is provided with a material inlet.

[0015] Preferably, the tube sheet c is provided with a drain port.

[0016] Preferably, the evaporation and vaporization section is connected to the lower tube box, which is provided with a steam inlet and a condensate outlet a. A liquid seal baffle is provided at the condensate outlet a to prevent steam from escaping directly from the condensate outlet a.

[0017] Preferably, the lower pipe box is connected to a pipe box cover plate via a pipe box flange c. The pipe box cover plate is provided with a drain port for discharging the liquid in the front drain pipe box. The gasification section cylinder is equipped with a level gauge for monitoring the liquid level of the material, and the cylinder is provided with a material inlet for replenishing material as needed based on changes in the liquid level.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] (1) The vaporization superheater of this utility model adopts a U-shaped tube bundle in the evaporation and vaporization section, which overcomes the problem of thermal stress caused by the large difference between the average metal wall temperature of the shell side and the average metal wall temperature of the tube side in the evaporation and vaporization section.

[0020] (2) The gasification superheater of this utility model adopts a detachable structure, which makes it easy to clean, repair and replace the tube bundle, and the design scheme can be determined according to the superheating temperature of the gas phase material.

[0021] (3) The gasification superheater of this utility model has broadened the application scope, reduced the difficulty of equipment processing and manufacturing, and reduced equipment investment costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gasification superheater in Example 1.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vaporization superheater in Example 2.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Superheated section; 2. Conical section; 3. Evaporation and vaporization section; 4. Superheated gaseous material outlet; 5. Tube box flange a; 6. Tube sheet a; 7. Shell flange a; 8. Steam inlet; 9. Superheated section tube bundle; 10. Support lug; 11. Baffle plate; 12. Shell flange b; 13. Tube sheet b; 14. Conical section flange; 15. Material inlet; 16. U-tube bundle; 17. Shell flange c; 18. Tube sheet c; 19. Tube box flange b; 20. Steam inlet; 21. Tube box flange c; 22. Tube box cover plate; 23. Drain port; 24. Liquid seal baffle; 25. Condensate outlet a; 26. Drain port; 27. Explosion-proof wiring chamber; 28. Electric heating element; 29. ​​Condensate outlet b; 30. Lower tube box. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] When the difference between the average metal wall temperature of the tube side in the superheated section and the average metal wall temperature of the shell side in the superheated section is less than 20°C, such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper superheated section 1 adopts a fixed tube sheet structure, with the material flowing through the tubes and the heating medium flowing through the shell. The superheated section 1 shell is equipped with a steam inlet 8 and a condensate outlet b29, and a superheated gaseous material outlet 4 is located at the top of the superheated section 1. The gasification superheater is divided into three sections: superheated section 1, conical section 2, and evaporation-gasification section 3. A superheated section tube bundle 9 is installed within the superheated section 1, and the superheated section tube bundle 9 is fixed to tube sheets a6 and b13. Tube sheet b13 is bolted between the shell flange b12 and the conical section flange 14.

[0028] The superheated section 1 is provided with a superheated gas phase material outlet 4 at its top and a condensate outlet b29 on the superheated section 1.

[0029] A U-shaped tube bundle 16 is installed in the evaporation and vaporization section 3. The U-shaped tube bundle 16 is fixed to the tube sheet c18, which is bolted between the shell flange c17 and the tube box flange b19 and can be disassembled as a whole. The U-shaped tube bundle 16 can freely expand and contract within the shell and will not generate thermal stress with the shell side.

[0030] The tube sheet a6 is fixed between the tube box flange a5 and the cylinder flange a7 by bolts.

[0031] The superheated section 1 is provided with a baffle plate 11 inside and a support lug 10 outside.

[0032] The evaporation and vaporization section 3 is provided with a material inlet 15.

[0033] The tube sheet c18 is provided with a drain port 23.

[0034] The evaporation and vaporization section 3 is connected to the lower tube box 30. The lower tube box 30 is provided with a steam inlet 20 and a condensate outlet a25. A liquid seal baffle 24 is provided at the condensate outlet a25 to prevent steam from escaping directly from the condensate outlet a25.

[0035] The lower pipe box 30 is connected to a pipe box cover plate 22 via a pipe box flange c21. The pipe box cover plate 22 is provided with a drain port 26 for discharging the liquid in the front drain pipe box.

[0036] Taking a propane evaporator and superheater as an example, the heating medium used in the propane evaporator and superheater is low-pressure steam at 0.35 MPaG. The propane vaporization temperature is 55.6℃, and the vaporization pressure is 1.85 MPaG. The propane is ultimately heated to 140℃ in the superheater. Calculations show that the average metal wall temperature difference between the shell and tube sides of the propane evaporator is 13℃, and the average metal wall temperature difference between the shell and tube sides in the superheated section is 6℃. Therefore, [the following parameters can be used]. Figure 1 The vaporizer.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] When the average metal wall temperature of the tube side in the superheated section differs from the average metal wall temperature of the shell in the superheated section by more than 20°C, such as Figure 2As shown, the upper superheated section 1 is equipped with an electric heating element 28 and a baffle plate 11. The material flows through the shell side, and the electric heating element 28 can freely expand and contract within the shell-side cylinder to avoid thermal stress problems caused by excessive temperature between the shell and the electric heating element 28. The upper part of the cone section 2 is connected to the flange of the superheated section 1 cylinder, forming a detachable structure. The superheated gaseous material is led out from the nozzle (superheated gaseous material outlet 4) at the top of the superheated section 1 cylinder. The flange of the upper cylinder of the superheated section 1 is connected to the tube sheet a6 of the electric heating element 28, and the electric heating element 28 can be completely disassembled.

[0039] The vaporization superheater is divided into three sections: superheating section 1, cone section 2, and evaporation vaporization section 3. An electric heating element 28 is installed in the superheating section 1. The superheating section 1 is connected to the cone section 2 through the cylinder flange b12.

[0040] A U-shaped tube bundle 16 is installed in the evaporation and vaporization section 3. The U-shaped tube bundle 16 is fixed to the tube sheet c18, which is bolted between the shell flange c17 and the tube box flange b19 and can be disassembled as a whole. The U-shaped tube bundle 16 can freely expand and contract within the shell and will not generate thermal stress with the shell side.

[0041] The top of the overheated section 1 is provided with an explosion-proof wiring chamber 27.

[0042] The superheated section 1 is provided with a baffle plate 11 inside and a support lug 10 outside.

[0043] The evaporation and vaporization section 3 is provided with a material inlet 15.

[0044] The tube sheet c18 is provided with a drain port 23.

[0045] Preferably, the evaporation and vaporization section 3 is connected to the lower tube box 30. The lower tube box 30 is provided with a steam inlet 20 and a condensate outlet a25. A liquid seal baffle 24 is provided at the condensate outlet a25 to prevent steam from escaping directly from the condensate outlet a25.

[0046] Preferably, the lower pipe box 30 is connected to a pipe box cover plate 22 via a pipe box flange c21, and the pipe box cover plate 22 is provided with a drain port 26 for discharging the liquid in the front drain pipe box.

[0047] Taking a propane evaporator and superheater as an example, the propane evaporator uses low-pressure steam (0.35 MPaG) to heat the material. The propane vaporization temperature is 55.6℃, and the vaporization pressure is 1.85 MPaG. The propane is finally heated to 232℃ in the superheater. If high-pressure steam (3.5 MPaG) or heat transfer oil is used for heating in the superheater, the average metal wall temperature difference between the tube side and shell side reaches 70℃, making existing vaporization superheaters unsuitable. However, this invention... Figure 2This method is perfectly applicable. An electric heater is used inside the superheater to heat the material to 232°C.

[0048] Of course, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments of this utility model. This utility model is not limited to the above examples, and all equivalent changes and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this utility model should be included in the patent coverage of this utility model.

Claims

1. A gasifier superheater characterized by: The application is a three-section type, which is divided into superheating section (1), cone section (2) and evaporation and gasification section (3), wherein the superheating section (1) is provided with superheating section tube bundle (9) fixed on tube plate a (6) and tube plate b (13), and the tube plate b (13) is fixed between cylinder flange b (12) and cone section flange (14) through bolts. Or the superheating section (1) is provided with electric heating element (28), and the superheating section (1) is connected with the cone section (2) through the cylinder flange b (12). The evaporation and gasification section (3) is provided with U-shaped tube bundle (16) fixed on tube plate c (18), and the tube plate c (18) is fixed between cylinder flange c (17) and tube box flange b (19) through bolts.

2. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The tube plate a (6) is fixed between tube box flange a (5) and cylinder flange a (7) through bolts.

3. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The top end of the superheating section (1) is provided with superheated gas phase material outlet (4), and the superheating section (1) is provided with condensate outlet b (29).

4. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The top end of the superheating section (1) is provided with explosion-proof wiring chamber (27).

5. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The superheating section (1) is internally provided with baffle (11) and externally provided with lug (10).

6. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The evaporation and gasification section (3) is provided with material inlet (15).

7. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The tube plate c (18) is provided with blow-off port (23).

8. The gasification superheater of claim 1, wherein: The evaporation and gasification section (3) is connected with lower tube box (30), the lower tube box (30) is provided with steam inlet (20) and condensate outlet a (25), and the condensate outlet a (25) is provided with liquid seal baffle (24).

9. The gasification superheater of claim 8, wherein: The lower tube box (30) is connected with tube box cover plate (22) through tube box flange c (21), and the tube box cover plate (22) is provided with blow-off port (26).

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