Heat exchanger and washing equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to a heat exchanger and washing equipment. The heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange single body, each heat exchange single body comprises a heat exchange pipe and a heat exchange air duct, the heat exchange pipes define the heat exchange air ducts, the heat exchange air ducts comprise at least one first air duct extending in the first direction and at least one second air duct extending in the second direction, and the first air ducts communicate with the second air ducts; wherein the first direction is intersected with the second direction. The heat exchanger has a good heat exchange effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of washing equipment manufacturing technology, and in particular to a heat exchanger and washing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of washing equipment manufacturing technology, cooling equipment is typically required to cool down heat-generating components such as motors. However, the heat exchangers in existing cooling equipment have poor condensation effects and condensation efficiency, resulting in ineffective heat exchange with the condensate and consequently, the cooling equipment cannot effectively cool down the heat-generating components.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a heat exchanger and a washing device. The heat exchanger has a better heat exchange effect.

[0005] This disclosure provides a heat exchanger, comprising:

[0006] A heat exchange unit includes heat exchange tubes and heat exchange ducts, wherein the heat exchange tubes surround the heat exchange ducts, and the heat exchange ducts include at least one first duct extending along a first direction and at least one second duct extending along a second direction, wherein the first ducts and the second ducts are connected.

[0007] The first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchange duct further includes:

[0009] At least one third air duct extending in a third direction, the third air duct being connected to the first air duct and the second air duct;

[0010] Wherein, the second direction and the third direction intersect, and the third direction is different from the first direction.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, at least one first air duct and at least one third air duct are alternately arranged in the second direction, and any adjacent first air duct and third air duct in the second direction are connected through the second air duct.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, at least one first air duct, at least one second air duct, and at least one third air duct are connected end to end in sequence.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchange tube includes: a first heat exchange tube having a first liquid inlet port and a first liquid outlet port, the first heat exchange tube including at least one first bend, the first bend including at least two first sub-heat exchange tubes, the at least two first sub-heat exchange tubes being connected end to end in sequence to form a first receiving cavity;

[0014] The second heat exchange tube has a second liquid inlet port and a second liquid outlet port. At least a portion of the second heat exchange tube is located within the first receiving cavity, and there is a gap between the first bend and at least a portion of the second heat exchange tube, the gap being the heat exchange duct.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the second heat exchange tube includes:

[0016] At least one second bend, at least a portion of which is located within the first receiving cavity; the second bend includes at least two second sub-heat exchange tubes, which are connected end to end in sequence.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchanger further includes:

[0018] A heat-conducting structure is located inside the heat exchange duct and is disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube and / or the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchange duct has an air inlet and an air outlet, and the heat-conducting structure includes:

[0020] The first heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet, and / or the first heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first heat-conducting structure is disposed on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet; the first sub-heat exchange tube includes:

[0022] The first receiving tank is disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube where the first heat-conducting structure is disposed, and the first heat-conducting structure is located inside the first receiving tank.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first heat-conducting structure is disposed on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet; the second sub-heat exchange tube includes:

[0024] The second receiving tank is disposed on the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube where the first heat-conducting structure is disposed, and the first heat-conducting structure is located inside the second receiving tank.

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the thermally conductive structure further includes:

[0026] The second heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube facing the air outlet, and / or the second heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube facing the air outlet.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the second heat-conducting structure is disposed only on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube and the second sub-heat exchange tube opposite to the air outlet.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first heat exchange tube includes a plurality of first bends, and each of the first bends is connected in sequence; the second heat exchange tube includes a plurality of second bends, and the plurality of second bends are respectively located in each of the first receiving cavities, and each of the second bends is connected in sequence.

[0029] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a first reinforcing rib is provided between the first bend and the second bend; and / or, a second reinforcing rib is provided between two adjacent first bends; and / or, a third reinforcing rib is provided between two second sub-heat exchange tubes in the second bend.

[0030] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange units, which are stacked sequentially, and the first liquid inlet port and the first liquid outlet port of the plurality of heat exchange units are connected sequentially, and the second liquid inlet port and the second liquid outlet port of the plurality of heat exchange units are connected sequentially, so that the heat exchanger has only one first liquid inlet port, one first liquid outlet port, one second liquid inlet port and one second liquid outlet port.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube of the heat exchange unit located at the lowest layer are connected.

[0032] This disclosure also provides a washing apparatus, which includes the heat exchanger described in any of the preceding claims.

[0033] The technical solution provided in this disclosure can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The heat exchanger disclosed herein may include heat exchange tubes and heat exchange air ducts enclosed by the heat exchange tubes. The heat exchange air ducts may include at least one first air duct extending in a first direction and at least one second air duct extending in a second direction, with the first and second air ducts connected. This arrangement allows the heat exchange air ducts to form a tortuous labyrinthine shape, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tubes, and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency and effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid located within the heat exchange tubes.

[0035] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic structural view of a heat exchanger unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown from a second perspective.

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic structural view of a heat exchanger according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0040] Figure 4 A second-view structural schematic diagram of a heat exchanger according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0041] Figure 5 A third-view structural schematic diagram of a heat exchanger according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0043] 1. Heat exchange unit; 10. Heat exchange tube; 11. First heat exchange tube; 111. First bend; 112. First sub-heat exchange tube; 113. First receiving cavity; 114. First liquid inlet port; 115. First liquid outlet port; 116. First receiving tank; 117. Connecting part of the first bend; 118. Second reinforcing rib; 12. Second heat exchange tube; 121. Second bend; 122. Second sub-heat exchange tube; 123. Second liquid inlet port; 124. Second liquid outlet port; 125. Second receiving tank; 126. 127. Fourth receiving groove; 128. Connecting part of the second bend; 13. Third reinforcing rib; 14. Heat-conducting structure; 15. First heat-conducting structure; 16. Second heat-conducting structure; 17. Heat exchange air duct; 18. First air duct; 19. Second air duct; 10. Third air duct; 11. Air inlet; 122. Air outlet; 13. First reinforcing rib; 14. Support block; 15. First support block; 16. Second support block; 17. Third support block; 18. Fourth support block; 19. Support sleeve;

[0044] 2. Support column; 21. First support column; 22. Second support column; 23. Third support column; 24. Fourth support column;

[0045] X, first direction; Y, second direction; Z, third direction; T, fourth direction. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0047] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.

[0048] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” and “the” are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion meaning and that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first” and “second” are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this disclosure first provides a heat exchanger with good heat exchange effect and high heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchanger can be a condenser, but is not limited to this; it can also be a heater, and can be selected and set according to actual needs.

[0050] The heat exchanger may include: heat exchange tubes 10 and heat exchange ducts 14. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the heat exchange tubes 10 can form the heat exchange duct 14, through which heat exchange air can exchange heat with the liquid inside the heat exchange tubes 10. The heat exchange duct 14 can include at least one first duct 141 extending along a first direction X and at least one second duct 142 extending along a second direction Y, and the first duct 141 and the second duct 142 can be connected. The first direction X and the second direction Y can intersect. This arrangement makes the heat exchange duct 14 a tortuous maze, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tubes 10, and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency and effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid inside the heat exchange tubes 10.

[0051] The heat exchange duct 14 may have an air inlet 144 and an air outlet 145. The heat exchange air can enter the heat exchange duct 14 through the air inlet 144 and exchange heat with the liquid in the heat exchange tube 10. The heat exchange air after heat exchange flows out of the heat exchange duct 14 through the air outlet 145.

[0052] In one embodiment, the heat exchange duct 14 may further include at least one third duct 143 extending in a third direction Z, the third duct 143 being connected to the first duct 141 and the second duct 142, that is, it is understood that at least one first duct 141, at least one second duct 142, and at least one third duct 143 are interconnected. After the heat exchange air enters the heat exchange duct 14 from the air inlet 144, it can reach the air outlet 145 through at least one first duct 141, at least one second duct 142, and at least one third duct 143.

[0053] The third direction Z can intersect with the second direction Y, and the third direction Z is different from the first direction X. This setting can increase the number of bends in the heat exchange duct 14, making it form a more complex maze shape, thereby further increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tube 10, and thus further improving the heat exchange efficiency and heat exchange effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid located in the heat exchange tube 10.

[0054] At least one first air duct 141 and at least one third air duct 143 can be alternately arranged in the second direction Y, that is, at least one first air duct 141 and at least one third air duct 143 can be arranged alternately in the second direction Y in the order of: first air duct 141, third air duct 143, first air duct 141, third air duct 143... Furthermore, any adjacent first air duct 141 and third air duct 143 in the second direction Y are connected through a second air duct 142. This arrangement can significantly increase the number of air ducts and further increase the number of bends in the heat exchange air duct 14, making its shape more complex. This further increases the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tube 10, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency and heat exchange effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid located in the heat exchange tube 10.

[0055] In one embodiment, at least one first air duct 141, at least one second air duct 142, and at least one third air duct 143 can be connected end-to-end, that is, the shape of the heat exchange air duct 14 can be a serpentine maze, with the outlet of the first first air duct 141 connected to the inlet of the first second air duct 142, the outlet of the first second air duct 142 connected to the inlet of the first third air duct 143, the outlet of the first third air duct 143 connected to the inlet of the second first air duct 141, and so on. This arrangement increases the distance between two adjacent second air ducts 142 in the third direction Z, thereby increasing the ventilation length of the heat exchange air duct 14, which in turn increases the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tube 10, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid inside the heat exchange tube 10.

[0056] In one embodiment, the first direction X can be perpendicular to the second direction Y, the second direction Y can be perpendicular to the third direction Z, and the first direction X and the third direction Z can be opposite. This arrangement ensures that the connection point between any two air ducts is at a right angle, which slows down the flow velocity of the heat exchange air and increases the heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tube 10. Furthermore, this arrangement allows turbulence to form at the connection point between any two air ducts, further increasing the heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tube 10, and further improving the heat exchange efficiency and effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid inside the heat exchange tube 10.

[0057] However, this is not the only possibility. The first direction X and the second direction Y may also have other included angles, and the second direction Y and the third direction Z may also have other included angles. These can be set according to the actual situation, and all of these are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0058] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the heat exchange tube 10 may include a first heat exchange tube 11 and a second heat exchange tube 12. The first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12 may be used to contain the liquid to be exchanged for heat.

[0059] The first heat exchange tube 11 may have a first liquid inlet port 114 and a first liquid outlet port 115. The liquid to be heat exchanged can enter the first heat exchange tube 11 through the first liquid inlet port 114 and flow out of the first heat exchange tube 11 through the first liquid outlet port 115. The second heat exchange tube 12 may have a second liquid inlet port 123 and a second liquid outlet port 124. The liquid to be heat exchanged can enter the second heat exchange tube 12 through the second liquid inlet port 123 and flow out of the second heat exchange tube 12 through the second liquid outlet port 124.

[0060] The first heat exchange tube 11 may include at least one first bend 111, and the first bend 111 may include at least two first sub-heat exchange tubes 112. The at least two first sub-heat exchange tubes 112 may be connected end to end to form a first receiving cavity 113. The second heat exchange tube 12 may be located within the first receiving cavity 113, and there may be a gap between the first bend 111 and at least a portion of the second heat exchange tube 12. This gap may be the heat exchange air duct 14 described above. This arrangement can reduce the volume of the heat exchanger by bending the first heat exchange tube 11, thereby saving subsequent installation space. At the same time, bending the first heat exchange tube 11 can form the heat exchange air duct 14, making the heat exchange air duct 14 a bent labyrinth shape, which can increase the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tube 10, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and heat exchange effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid located in the heat exchange tube 10.

[0061] The second heat exchange tube 12 may include at least one second bend 121, at least a portion of which may be located within the first receiving cavity 113. The second bend 121 may include at least two second sub-heat exchange tubes 122, which may be connected end-to-end. This arrangement increases the flow distance of the liquid to be heated within the second heat exchange tube 12, increases the heat exchange time between the liquid and the heat exchange air, and improves the heat exchange effect.

[0062] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figures 1 to 2As shown, the heat exchanger may further include a heat-conducting structure 13. The heat-conducting structure 13 may be located within the heat exchange duct 14 and may be disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and / or the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122. That is, it can be understood that the heat-conducting structure 13 may be disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112, or on the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122, or the heat-conducting structure 13 may be disposed on both the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122. By providing the heat-conducting structure 13, this disclosure can increase the heat exchange rate and heat exchange effect between the liquid to be heat exchanged and the heat exchange air.

[0063] In one embodiment, the heat-conducting structure 13 may include a first heat-conducting structure 131. The first heat-conducting structure 131 may be disposed on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 facing the air inlet 144, and / or, the first heat-conducting structure 131 may be disposed on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 facing the air inlet 144. Since the outer wall facing the air inlet 144 in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 can come into contact with more heat-exchange air, and the flow rate of the heat-exchange air is relatively faster there, this embodiment, by disposing of the first heat-conducting structure 131 on the outer wall facing the air inlet 144, can further improve the heat exchange rate and heat exchange effect between the liquid to be heat-exchanged and the heat-exchange air.

[0064] In one embodiment, the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 may include a first receiving groove 116, which may be disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 where the first heat-conducting structure 131 is disposed, and the first heat-conducting structure 131 may be located within the first receiving groove 116. The shape of the first receiving groove 116 may be rectangular, triangular, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc., and this disclosure does not limit it; it can be selected and set according to actual needs.

[0065] By providing a first receiving groove 116, this disclosure minimizes the space occupied by the first heat-conducting structure 131 in the heat exchange duct 14, ensuring that the heat exchange air can pass smoothly through the heat exchange duct 14 and preventing the first heat-conducting structure 131 from obstructing the heat exchange air, thus ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, with the first receiving groove 116 provided in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112, the thickness of the outer wall of the first receiving groove 116 in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 can be reduced, thereby bringing the distance between the first heat-conducting structure 131 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 closer, facilitating heat exchange between the first heat-conducting structure 131 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112.

[0066] The depth of the first receiving groove 116 can be greater than or equal to the thickness of the first heat-conducting structure 131. This arrangement can completely prevent the first heat-conducting structure 131 from occupying the space of the heat exchange air duct 14, thereby completely preventing the first heat-conducting structure 131 from blocking the heat exchange air and further ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger.

[0067] One side of the first receiving groove 116 may have a first opening, which can communicate with the first receiving groove 116, and the first heat-conducting structure 131 can enter the first receiving groove 116 through the first opening. Thus, by providing a first opening on one side of the first receiving groove 116, this disclosure facilitates the installation and removal of the first heat-conducting structure 131 within the first receiving groove 116.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first receiving groove 116 can correspond one-to-one with the first heat-conducting structure 131. That is, it can be understood that one first heat-conducting structure 131 can be installed in one first receiving groove 116. However, it is not limited to this, and multiple first heat-conducting structures 131 can also be installed in one first receiving groove 116, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0069] In one embodiment, a first heat-conducting structure 131 is provided on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 facing the air inlet 144. The second sub-heat exchange tube 122 may include a second receiving groove 125, which may be disposed on the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 where the first heat-conducting structure 131 is disposed, and the first heat-conducting structure 131 may be located within the second receiving groove 125. The shape of the second receiving groove 125 may be rectangular, triangular, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc., and this disclosure does not limit it; it can be selected and set according to actual needs.

[0070] By providing a second receiving groove 125, this disclosure minimizes the space occupied by the first heat-conducting structure 131 in the heat exchange duct 14, ensuring that the heat exchange air can pass smoothly through the heat exchange duct 14 and preventing the first heat-conducting structure 131 from obstructing the heat exchange air, thus ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, with the second receiving groove 125 provided in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122, the thickness of the outer wall of the second receiving groove 125 in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 can be reduced, thereby bringing the distance between the first heat-conducting structure 131 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 closer, facilitating heat exchange between the first heat-conducting structure 131 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122.

[0071] The depth of the second receiving groove 125 can be greater than or equal to the thickness of the first heat-conducting structure 131. This arrangement can completely prevent the first heat-conducting structure 131 from occupying the space of the heat exchange air duct 14, thereby completely preventing the first heat-conducting structure 131 from blocking the heat exchange air and further ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger.

[0072] The second receiving groove 125 may have a second opening on one side, which can communicate with the second receiving groove 125. The first heat-conducting structure 131 can extend into the second receiving groove 125 through the second opening. Thus, by providing a second opening on one side of the second receiving groove 125, this disclosure facilitates the installation and removal of the first heat-conducting structure 131 within the second receiving groove 125.

[0073] In one embodiment, the second receiving groove 125 can correspond one-to-one with the first heat-conducting structure 131. That is, it can be understood that one first heat-conducting structure 131 can be installed in one second receiving groove 125. However, it is not limited to this, and multiple first heat-conducting structures 131 can also be installed in one second receiving groove 125, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0074] In one embodiment, the heat-conducting structure 13 may further include a second heat-conducting structure 132. The second heat-conducting structure 132 is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 facing the air outlet 145, and / or, the second heat exchange tube 122 is provided on at least one outer wall facing the air outlet 145. This arrangement increases the number of heat-conducting structures 13 in the heat exchanger, thereby further improving the heat exchange capacity and efficiency of the heat exchanger, enabling the heat exchanger to perform faster heat exchange on the liquid to be heat-exchanged.

[0075] In one embodiment, a second heat-conducting structure 132 is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 facing the air outlet 145. The first sub-heat exchange tube 112 may include a third receiving groove, which may be disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 where the second heat-conducting structure 132 is disposed, and the second heat-conducting structure 132 may be located within the third receiving groove. The shape of the third receiving groove may be rectangular, triangular, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc., and this disclosure does not limit it; it can be selected and set according to actual needs.

[0076] By providing a third receiving groove, this disclosure minimizes the space occupied by the second heat-conducting structure 132 in the heat exchange duct 14, ensuring that the heat exchange air can pass smoothly through the heat exchange duct 14 and preventing the second heat-conducting structure 132 from obstructing the heat exchange air, thus ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, with the third receiving groove provided in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112, the thickness of the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 containing the second receiving groove 125 can be reduced. This allows the distance between the second heat-conducting structure 132 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 to be closer, facilitating heat exchange between the two.

[0077] The depth of the third receiving groove can be greater than or equal to the thickness of the second heat-conducting structure 132. This arrangement can completely prevent the second heat-conducting structure 132 from occupying the space of the heat exchange air duct 14, thereby completely preventing the second heat-conducting structure 132 from obstructing the heat exchange air and further ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger.

[0078] The third receiving groove may have a third opening on one side, which can communicate with the third receiving groove, through which the second heat-conducting structure 132 can extend into the third receiving groove. Thus, by providing a third opening on one side of the third receiving groove, this disclosure facilitates the installation and removal of the second heat-conducting structure 132 within the third receiving groove.

[0079] In one embodiment, the third receiving slot can correspond one-to-one with the second heat-conducting structure 132. That is, it can be understood that one second heat-conducting structure 132 can be installed in one third receiving slot. However, it is not limited to this; multiple second heat-conducting structures 132 can also be installed in one third receiving slot, which can be configured according to actual needs.

[0080] In one embodiment, a second heat-conducting structure 132 is provided on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 facing the air outlet 145. The second sub-heat exchange tube 122 may include a fourth receiving groove 126, which may be disposed on the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 where the second heat-conducting structure 132 is disposed, and the second heat-conducting structure 132 may be located within the fourth receiving groove 126. The shape of the fourth receiving groove 126 may be rectangular, triangular, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc., and this disclosure does not limit it; it can be selected and set according to actual needs.

[0081] By providing a fourth receiving groove 126, this disclosure minimizes the space occupied by the second heat-conducting structure 132 in the heat exchange duct 14, ensuring that the heat exchange air can pass smoothly through the heat exchange duct 14 and preventing the second heat-conducting structure 132 from obstructing the heat exchange air, thus ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, with the fourth receiving groove 126 provided in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122, the thickness of the outer wall of the fourth receiving groove 126 in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 can be reduced, thereby bringing the distance between the second heat-conducting structure 132 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 closer, facilitating heat exchange between the second heat-conducting structure 132 and the liquid to be heat-exchanged in the second sub-heat exchange tube 122.

[0082] The depth of the fourth receiving groove 126 can be greater than or equal to the thickness of the second heat-conducting structure 132. This arrangement can completely prevent the second heat-conducting structure 132 from occupying the space of the heat exchange air duct 14, thereby completely preventing the second heat-conducting structure 132 from obstructing the heat exchange air and further ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger.

[0083] The fourth receiving groove 126 may have a fourth opening on one side, which can communicate with the fourth receiving groove 126, through which the second heat-conducting structure 132 can extend into the fourth receiving groove 126. Thus, by providing a fourth opening on one side of the fourth receiving groove 126, this disclosure facilitates the installation and removal of the second heat-conducting structure 132 within the fourth receiving groove 126.

[0084] In one embodiment, the fourth receiving groove 126 can correspond one-to-one with the second heat-conducting structure 132. That is, it can be understood that one fourth heat-conducting structure 13 can be installed in one fourth receiving groove 126. However, it is not limited to this, and multiple fourth heat-conducting structures 13 can also be installed in one fourth receiving groove 126, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0085] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the second heat-conducting structure 132 may be disposed only on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 opposite to the air outlet 145. It should be noted that the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 opposite to the air outlet 145 refers to the outer wall closest to the air outlet 145 among all the outer walls facing the air outlet 145 in the first and second sub-heat exchange tubes 112 and 122. Since the outer wall opposite to the air outlet 145 can directly exchange heat with the external environment through the air outlet 145, by providing the second heat-conducting structure 132 on the outer wall opposite to the air outlet 145, the heat exchange efficiency between it and the external environment can be improved, further enhancing the heat exchanger's heat exchange efficiency.

[0086] Meanwhile, since the flow rate and velocity of the heat exchange air contacted by the outer walls of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 facing the air outlet 145 are relatively small, the improvement of the overall heat exchange efficiency and effect by setting the second heat conduction structure 132 on these outer walls is not particularly significant. Therefore, when the second heat conduction structure 132 is only set on the outer walls of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and the second sub-heat exchange tube 122 opposite to the air outlet 145, the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger can be guaranteed, and the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger can also be saved, resulting in a high cost-performance ratio.

[0087] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the heat-conducting structure 13 can be a heat-conducting plate. Because the heat-conducting plate has a large heat exchange area and a small thickness, it can save space within the heat exchange duct 14 while ensuring its heat exchange capacity, thereby reducing the volume of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heat-conducting plate is made of a solid material, making it easy to install on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and / or the second sub-heat exchange tube 122. However, this is not a limitation; the heat-conducting structure 13 can be other heat-conducting structures 13, such as thermally conductive adhesive, which can be replaced according to actual needs.

[0088] In this embodiment, the first heat-conducting structure 131 and the second heat-conducting structure 132 can be the same, that is, both the first heat-conducting structure 131 and the second heat-conducting structure 132 can be heat-conducting plates. However, this is not a limitation. The first heat-conducting structure 131 and the second heat-conducting structure 132 can be different. For example, the first heat-conducting structure 131 can be a heat-conducting plate, and the second heat-conducting structure 132 can be a heat-conducting adhesive; or, the first heat-conducting structure 131 can be a heat-conducting adhesive, and the second heat-conducting structure 132 can be a heat-conducting plate, etc., which is also within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0089] In one embodiment, the heat-conducting plate can be made of a metal. For example, the heat-conducting plate can be made of copper, aluminum, etc. Since metal materials have a higher thermal conductivity, using a metal material to make the heat-conducting plate can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat-conducting plate.

[0090] In one embodiment, the heat exchange unit 1 can be made of a non-metallic material, such as plastic. This reduces the weight of the heat exchange unit 1. Furthermore, when the heat-conducting plate is made of a metallic material, it can compensate for the poor thermal conductivity of non-metallic materials, allowing the heat exchange unit 1 to achieve high heat exchange efficiency while maintaining a light weight. However, this is not a limitation; the heat exchange unit 1 can also be made of a metallic material, and the selection and configuration can be tailored to specific needs, all of which are within the scope of this disclosure.

[0091] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the first heat exchange tube 11 may include multiple first bends 111, and each first bend 111 can be connected in sequence. This arrangement increases the length of the first heat exchange tube 11, thereby increasing the heat exchange distance of the liquid to be heat exchanged in the first heat exchange tube 11. This allows the liquid to have a longer heat exchange time in the first heat exchange tube 11, thus ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger and ensuring that the liquid to be heat exchanged reaches the required temperature after flowing out of the first heat exchange tube 11.

[0092] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the second heat exchange tube 12 includes a plurality of second bends 121, which can be connected in sequence. This arrangement increases the length of the second heat exchange tube 12, thereby increasing the cooling distance of the liquid to be heat exchanged within the second heat exchange tube 12. This allows the liquid to have a longer heat exchange time within the second heat exchange tube 12, ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger and guaranteeing that the liquid to be heat exchanged reaches the required temperature after flowing out of the second heat exchange tube 12.

[0093] In one embodiment, the connection 117 between two adjacent first bends can be located between two adjacent second bends 121, so that the heat exchange duct 14 can be guaranteed to be a bendable maze shape, thereby ensuring the heat exchange area between the heat exchange air and the first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12, and ensuring the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger.

[0094] In one embodiment of this disclosure, a first reinforcing rib 15 may be provided between the first bend 111 and the second bend 121. For example, the first reinforcing rib 15 may be located between the connection point 117 of two adjacent first bends and the connection point 127 of two adjacent second bends. This arrangement allows the first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12 to be connected as a whole using the first reinforcing rib 15, facilitating the installation and use of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, this arrangement increases the structural strength of the first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12, as well as the connection strength between them, thereby reducing the probability of damage to the first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12 under external force, and thus improving the service life of the heat exchanger.

[0095] Two adjacent first bends 111 can be connected by a first sub-heat exchanger 112. That is, it can be understood that in this embodiment, the connection point 117 between two adjacent first bends can be the first sub-heat exchanger 112. Two adjacent second bends 121 can be connected by a second sub-heat exchanger 122. That is, it can be understood that in this embodiment, the connection point 127 between two adjacent second bends can be the second sub-heat exchanger 122.

[0096] The first heat exchange tube 11 may further include a second reinforcing rib 118. The second reinforcing rib 118 may be disposed between two adjacent first bends 111. This arrangement can further improve the connection strength between two adjacent first bends 111 and further reduce the probability of damage to two adjacent first heat exchange tubes 11 after being subjected to external forces.

[0097] In this embodiment, the second reinforcing rib 118 can also be connected to the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 that connects two adjacent first bends 111. With this configuration, the second reinforcing rib 118 can be used to improve the structural strength of the first sub-heat exchange tube 112 and reduce the probability of damage to the first sub-heat exchange tube 112.

[0098] In one embodiment, the second heat exchange tube 12 may further include a third reinforcing rib 128. The third reinforcing rib 128 may be disposed between two adjacent second sub-heat exchange tubes 122 in the second bend 121. This arrangement can improve the connection strength between two adjacent second sub-heat exchange tubes 122 and reduce the probability of damage to the two adjacent second sub-heat exchange tubes 122 after being subjected to external forces.

[0099] In the second bend 121, two adjacent second sub-heat exchange tubes 122 can be connected through another second sub-heat exchange tube 122, and the third reinforcing rib 128 can also be connected to this other second sub-heat exchange tube 122. This arrangement allows the third reinforcing rib 128 to improve the structural strength of the other second sub-heat exchange tube 122 and reduce the probability of damage to it.

[0100] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the heat exchanger may include multiple heat exchange units 1, which can be stacked sequentially. The first liquid inlet port 114 and the first liquid outlet port 115 of the multiple heat exchange units 1 are sequentially connected, and the second liquid inlet port 123 and the second liquid outlet port 124 of the multiple heat exchange units 1 are sequentially connected, so that the heat exchanger has only one first liquid inlet port 114, one first liquid outlet port 115, one second liquid inlet port 123, and one second liquid outlet port 124. That is, it can be understood that the first liquid outlet port 115 of the first heat exchanger can be connected to the first liquid inlet port 114 of the second heat exchanger, and the first liquid outlet port 115 of the second heat exchanger can be connected to the first liquid inlet port 114 of the third heat exchanger, etc.; the second liquid outlet port 124 of the first heat exchanger can be connected to the second liquid inlet port 123 of the second heat exchanger, and the second liquid outlet port 124 of the second heat exchanger can be connected to the second liquid inlet port 123 of the third heat exchanger, etc.

[0101] The heat exchanger provided in this disclosure can further increase the length of the first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12 by setting multiple heat exchange units 1, which can further increase the heat exchange distance of the liquid to be heat exchanged, so that the liquid to be heat exchanged can have a longer heat exchange time, thereby further improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger and further ensuring that the liquid to be heat exchanged can reach the required temperature after flowing out of the heat exchanger.

[0102] Meanwhile, when the heat exchanger retains only one first inlet port 114, one first outlet port 115, one second inlet port 123, and one second outlet port 124, only two inlet pipes and two outlet pipes need to be connected to the entire heat exchanger. This further reduces the difficulty of piping in the heat exchanger, improves the ease of use of the heat exchanger, and further reduces the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, when multiple heat exchange units 1 are stacked sequentially, the space occupied by the heat exchangers on the operating equipment can be reduced, improving the space utilization rate of the operating equipment.

[0103] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the first heat exchange tube 11 and the second heat exchange tube 12 located in the lowest heat exchange unit 1 can be connected. This arrangement allows the heat exchanger to retain only one first liquid inlet port 114, one first liquid outlet port 115, and one second liquid inlet port 123. The liquid to be exchanged in the second heat exchange tube 12 can flow out through the first liquid outlet port 115. Therefore, compared to the previous embodiment, this embodiment reduces the number of liquid outlet pipes, further simplifying the wiring of the heat exchanger, improving its ease of use, and further reducing its manufacturing cost.

[0104] In this embodiment, the first liquid inlet port 114 can be located on the first heat exchange tube 11 of the uppermost heat exchange unit 1, the second liquid inlet port 123 can be located on the second heat exchange tube 12 of the uppermost heat exchange unit 1, and the first liquid outlet port 115 can be located on the first heat exchange tube 11 of the lowermost heat exchange unit 1. This arrangement can ensure the smooth flow of the liquid to be exchanged.

[0105] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the heat exchange unit 1 may further include a support block 16. The projections of the support blocks 16 of each heat exchange unit 1 onto the fourth direction T may overlap. The fourth direction T may be the stacking direction of the multiple heat exchange units 1. The heat exchanger may further include a support column 2. The support column 2 may be supported between two adjacent support blocks 16 to support two adjacent heat exchange units 1.

[0106] In one embodiment, each heat exchange unit 1 may be provided with multiple support blocks 16, with each support block 16 corresponding to another heat exchange unit 1. The heat exchanger may also include multiple support columns 2, with one support column 2 provided between each corresponding support block 16. This arrangement can further improve the support strength between two adjacent heat exchange units 1.

[0107] In one embodiment, the heat exchanger may include m heat exchanger units 1; the support block 16 may include: a first support block 161 and a second support block 162, the first support block 161 being connected to the first liquid inlet port 114 of the (2n-1)th heat exchanger unit 1 and the first liquid outlet port 115 of the (2n-1)th heat exchanger unit 1, and the second support block 162 being connected to the first liquid outlet port 115 of the (2n-1)th heat exchanger unit 1 and the first liquid inlet port 114 of the (2n-1)th heat exchanger unit 1; the support column 2 may include: a first support column 21 and a second support column 22, the first support column 21 supporting two adjacent first support blocks 161, and the (2n-1)th first support column 21 being connected to two adjacent first support blocks 161; the second support column 22 supporting two adjacent second support blocks 162, and the (2n-1)th second support column 22 being connected to two adjacent second support blocks 162; wherein, the value of n ranges from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...1 / 2m.

[0108] It should be noted that the (2n-1)th first support column 21 is not connected to the two adjacent first support blocks 181, and the 2nth second support column 22 is not connected to the two adjacent second support blocks 182.

[0109] Through the above-described configuration, this embodiment ensures that the liquid to be exchanged can flow sequentially through multiple first heat exchange tubes 11, thereby improving the cooling effect of the heat exchanger.

[0110] In one embodiment, the support block 16 may include: a third support block 163 and a fourth support block 164. The third support block 163 is connected to the second liquid inlet port 123 of the (2n-1)th heat exchange unit 1 and the second liquid outlet port 124 of the (2n-1)th heat exchange unit 1. The fourth support block 164 is connected to the second liquid outlet port 124 of the (2n-1)th heat exchange unit 1 and the second liquid inlet port 123 of the (2n-1)th heat exchange unit 1. The support column 2 includes: a third support column 23 and a fourth support column 24. The third support column 23 supports two adjacent third support blocks 163, and the (2n-1)th third support column 23 is connected to two adjacent third support blocks 163. The fourth support column 24 supports two adjacent fourth support blocks 164, and the (2n-1)th fourth support column 24 is connected to two adjacent fourth support blocks 164. The value of n ranges from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...1 / 2m.

[0111] It should be noted that the 2n-1th third support column 23 is not connected to the two adjacent third support blocks 163, and the 2nth fourth support column 24 is not connected to the two adjacent fourth support blocks 164.

[0112] In this embodiment, the above-described configuration ensures that the liquid to be exchanged can flow sequentially through multiple second heat exchange tubes 12, thereby improving the cooling effect of the heat exchanger.

[0113] In one embodiment of this disclosure, when the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of sequentially stacked heat exchange units 1, each heat exchange unit 1 may be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13. This arrangement can maximize the condensation effect of the heat exchanger.

[0114] In another embodiment of this disclosure, when the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of sequentially stacked heat exchange units 1, at least two heat exchange units 1 may be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13. For example, when the heat exchanger comprises m heat exchange units 1, the (2n-1)th heat exchange unit 1 may be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13, while the 2nth heat exchange unit 1 may not be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13; or, the 2nth heat exchange unit 1 may be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13, while the (2n-1)th heat exchange unit 1 may not be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13; or, at least two of the m heat exchange units 1 may be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13, while the remaining heat exchange units 1 may not be provided with a heat-conducting structure 13. This configuration can save on the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger while ensuring the condensation effect of the heat exchanger.

[0115] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the heat exchange unit 1 may further include a support sleeve 17. The support sleeve 17 may be disposed on the surface of the support block 16, and at least part of the support column 2 may be located inside the support sleeve 17. This arrangement can improve the support stability of the support column 2, and the support sleeve 17 can also be used to limit the position of the support column 2.

[0116] This disclosure also provides a washing apparatus. This washing apparatus may include, but is not limited to, a washing machine. The washing apparatus may include the heat exchanger described above.

[0117] It should be noted that the specific structure and beneficial effects of the heat exchanger have been described in detail in the previous embodiment. Therefore, the specific structure and beneficial effects of the heat exchanger will not be described again in this embodiment. Please refer to the specific description in the previous embodiment. All of these are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0118] The washing equipment provided in this disclosure includes the heat exchanger described above, such as... Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the heat exchanger described above may include heat exchange tubes 10 and heat exchange ducts 14 enclosed by the heat exchange tubes 10. The heat exchange ducts 14 may include at least one first duct 141 extending along a first direction X and at least one second duct 142 extending along a second direction Y, with the first duct 141 and the second duct 142 connected. This arrangement allows the heat exchange ducts 14 to form a tortuous labyrinthine shape, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange time between the heat exchange air and the heat exchange tubes 10, and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency and effect between the heat exchange air and the liquid located within the heat exchange tubes 10.

[0119] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the utility models disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger, characterized in that, include: A heat exchange unit includes heat exchange tubes and heat exchange ducts, wherein the heat exchange tubes surround the heat exchange ducts, and the heat exchange ducts include at least one first duct extending along a first direction and at least one second duct extending along a second direction, wherein the first ducts and the second ducts are connected. The first direction and the second direction intersect.

2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange duct also includes: At least one third air duct extending in a third direction, the third air duct being connected to the first air duct and the second air duct; Wherein, the second direction and the third direction intersect, and the third direction is different from the first direction.

3. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one first air duct and at least one third air duct are alternately arranged in the second direction, and any adjacent first air duct and third air duct in the second direction are connected through the second air duct.

4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one first air duct, at least one second air duct, and at least one third air duct are connected end to end in sequence.

5. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The heat exchange tube includes: a first heat exchange tube having a first liquid inlet port and a first liquid outlet port, the first heat exchange tube including at least one first bend, the first bend including at least two first sub-heat exchange tubes, the at least two first sub-heat exchange tubes being connected end to end in sequence to form a first receiving cavity. The second heat exchange tube has a second liquid inlet port and a second liquid outlet port. At least a portion of the second heat exchange tube is located within the first receiving cavity, and there is a gap between the first bend and at least a portion of the second heat exchange tube, the gap being the heat exchange duct.

6. The heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second heat exchange tube includes: At least one second bend, at least a portion of which is located within the first receiving cavity; the second bend includes at least two second sub-heat exchange tubes, which are connected end to end in sequence.

7. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchanger also includes: A heat-conducting structure is located inside the heat exchange duct and is disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube and / or the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube.

8. The heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat exchange duct has an air inlet and an air outlet, and the heat-conducting structure includes: The first heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet, and / or the first heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet.

9. The heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet; the first sub-heat exchange tube includes: The first receiving tank is disposed on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube where the first heat-conducting structure is disposed, and the first heat-conducting structure is located inside the first receiving tank.

10. The heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first heat-conducting structure is disposed on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube facing the air inlet; the second sub-heat exchange tube includes: The second receiving tank is disposed on the outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube where the first heat-conducting structure is disposed, and the first heat-conducting structure is located inside the second receiving tank.

11. The heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thermally conductive structure also includes: The second heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube facing the air outlet, and / or the second heat-conducting structure is provided on at least one outer wall of the second sub-heat exchange tube facing the air outlet.

12. The heat exchanger according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second heat-conducting structure is only provided on the outer wall of the first sub-heat exchange tube and the second sub-heat exchange tube opposite to the air outlet.

13. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first heat exchange tube includes a plurality of first bends, and the first bends are connected in sequence; the second heat exchange tube includes a plurality of second bends, and the plurality of second bends are respectively located in each of the first receiving cavities, and the second bends are connected in sequence.

14. The heat exchanger according to claim 13, characterized in that, A first reinforcing rib is provided between the first bend and the second bend; and / or, a second reinforcing rib is provided between two adjacent first bends; and / or, a third reinforcing rib is provided between two second sub-heat exchange tubes in the second bend.

15. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange units, which are stacked sequentially. The first liquid inlet port and the first liquid outlet port of the plurality of heat exchange units are connected sequentially, and the second liquid inlet port and the second liquid outlet port of the plurality of heat exchange units are connected sequentially, so that the heat exchanger has only one first liquid inlet port, one first liquid outlet port, one second liquid inlet port and one second liquid outlet port.

16. The heat exchanger according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first heat exchange tube and the second heat exchange tube of the heat exchange unit located at the bottom layer are connected.

17. A washing device, characterized in that the washing device includes the heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

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