Field inversion configuration power supply and system of distributed rectifying device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a field inversion configuration power supply and system of a distributed rectifying device. The field inversion configuration power supply comprises an alternating current source, N resonance branches and an angular pinch coil, each resonance branch is provided with a distributed rectification circuit and a capacitor; the distributed rectifying circuit comprises a plurality of rectifiers which are connected in parallel; one end of the distributed rectifying circuit is connected with an alternating current source, and the other end of the distributed rectifying circuit is electrically connected to the angular pinch coil after being connected with the capacitor; according to the scheme, structural improvement is carried out on the basis of a traditional field inversion power supply technology, and a distributed rectification circuit comprising a plurality of rectifiers connected in parallel is arranged on each resonance branch; by adjusting the working time limit of each independent rectifier in the distributed rectifier circuit, the theta-pinch field inversion device can meet the complex frequency working requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to nuclear fusion power supplies, specifically to a field-reverse configuration power supply and system for a distributed rectifier device. Background Technology

[0002] Deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium fusion are two common forms of nuclear fusion reactions with potential energy utilization value. Nuclear fusion refers to the process by which two lighter atomic nuclei (such as deuterium and tritium nuclei) combine under high temperature and pressure to form a heavier atomic nucleus and release energy. This is how the Sun and other stars continuously generate energy.

[0003] With the ever-increasing global demand for clean energy, the research significance and application prospects of deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion as potential energy sources are attracting increasing attention. It is estimated that nuclear fusion could meet humanity's energy needs for millions of years.

[0004] Fusion fuels are abundant and readily available: deuterium can be cheaply extracted from seawater, while tritium can be produced using abundant natural lithium. Unlike traditional reactors that use uranium and plutonium fission materials, deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium fusion reactors do not produce highly radioactive, long-term nuclear waste. Fusion reactors will not experience core meltdown due to uncontrollable high temperatures caused by nuclear reactions. If the situation gets out of control, the fusion reaction will immediately terminate, preventing irreparable damage.

[0005] Nuclear fusion does not produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, making it environmentally friendly and a clean, controllable, and safe energy source. Deuterium-deuterium or deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion can play a role in mitigating climate change in the future as a clean energy source. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that, during nuclear fusion reactions, field inversion devices are required to achieve high-frequency operation. However, traditional field inversion devices require a long time to charge the capacitor and prepare for the next operation after each branch operates, making them unsuitable for high-frequency operation and unable to meet the system's high-frequency operation requirements. Therefore, this solution provides the following embodiments to address the above technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to provide a power supply and system for nuclear fusion field inversion. Based on traditional field inversion power supply technology, structural improvements are made by setting a distributed rectifier circuit including multiple parallel rectifiers on each resonant branch. By adjusting the operating time of each independent rectifier in the distributed rectifier circuit, the θ-pinch forming field inversion device can meet the high-frequency operation requirements.

[0007] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] This solution provides a field-reverse configuration power supply for a distributed rectifier device, including: an AC source, N resonant branches, and an angular clamping coil;

[0009] The AC source is used to generate alternating current;

[0010] Each resonant branch is equipped with a distributed rectifier circuit and a capacitor; the distributed rectifier circuit includes multiple rectifiers connected in parallel;

[0011] One end of the distributed rectifier circuit is connected to an AC source, and the other end is connected to the capacitor and then electrically connected to the angular clamping coil.

[0012] The working principle of this scheme is as follows: In order to continuously generate energy for the fusion device to carry out the nuclear fusion reaction, the field inversion device needs to achieve the ability to operate at a high frequency. However, traditional field inversion devices require a long time to charge the capacitor and prepare for the next operation after each branch is activated, which is not suitable for high-frequency operation and makes it difficult to meet the system's high-frequency operation requirements. The purpose of this utility model is to provide a power supply and system for nuclear fusion field inversion. Based on the traditional field inversion power supply technology, structural improvements are made by setting a distributed rectifier circuit including multiple parallel rectifiers on each resonant branch. By adjusting the operating time of each independent rectifier in the distributed rectifier circuit, the θ-pinch forming field inversion device can meet the high-frequency operation requirements.

[0013] The further optimized plan also includes a venting branch;

[0014] The output terminals of N resonant branches are electrically connected to the discharge branch, and the discharge branch is electrically connected to the angular clamping coil.

[0015] A further optimized solution is that the discharge branch includes an energy-consuming resistor or an energy storage device.

[0016] A further optimization is that the resonant branch further includes a first switch and a second switch; the first switch and the second switch are respectively connected in series on both sides of the capacitor.

[0017] A further optimization scheme is that the rectifier internally includes two parts: an AC-CDC circuit and a DC-CDC circuit; the DC-CDC circuit is designed with a high-frequency transformer to achieve electrical isolation between AC input and DC output.

[0018] A further optimization scheme involves having multiple rectifiers in the distributed rectifier circuit operate at different operating times.

[0019] A further optimized scheme is that the N resonant branches include a field reversal branch, a pre-ionization branch, and a bias branch.

[0020] A further optimized solution includes a host computer and N slave computers. A mid-level computer is set up on each resonant branch as an intermediate layer to receive instructions from the host computer and upload data, and to issue instructions or exchange data to the slave computers.

[0021] A further optimization scheme is that both the host computer and the slave computer include an Ethernet module, a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, a CAN communication module, or an RS485 communication module, etc.

[0022] This solution also provides a field-reverse configuration power supply system for a distributed rectifier, characterized in that it includes a field-reverse configuration power supply for a distributed rectifier as described in the above solution.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] This utility model provides a field-inverted configuration power supply and system for a distributed rectifier device. Based on the traditional field-inverted configuration power supply technology, structural improvements are made by setting a distributed rectifier circuit including multiple parallel rectifiers on each resonant branch. By adjusting the operating time limit of each independent rectifier in the distributed rectifier circuit, the θ-pinch field-inverted configuration device can meet the requirements of complex frequency operation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the field-reverse configuration power supply structure of a distributed rectifier;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional field inversion configuration device.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rectifier's operating timing.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a field-reverse configuration power supply system for a distributed rectifier. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0031] Field inversion configuration is a common confined plasma configuration. Angular pinching (θ-pinch) is the most traditional and common method for forming field inversion configurations, such as... Figure 2 As shown, a traditional field-inverting configuration device mainly consists of four electrical branches (①, ②, ③, ④), a magnet coil ⑤, and a vacuum chamber ⑥. Each branch consists of a capacitor and a switch. Branch ① is the field-inverting branch; branch ② is the pre-ionization branch; branch ③ is the bias branch; and branch ④ is the freewheeling / energy-discharging branch. The sequential discharge of the coils by the four branches corresponds to the four stages of the field-inverting plasma formation process. The θ-pinch coil ⑤ of the field-inverting configuration can be regarded as an inductor. The function of branch ① is to generate a reversing magnetic field; the function of branch ② is to ionize neutral gas at high frequency to form plasma; the function of branch ③ is to generate a bias magnetic field in the quartz tube; during the sequential operation of the first three branches, branch ④ is in an open state. After the operation of the preceding branches is completed, branch ④ is turned on, providing a release path for the energy stored in the θ-pinch coil inductance (branch 5).

[0032] Traditional field inversion devices contain four branches, each with capacitors. These capacitors have different electrical parameters, requiring different charging circuits to pre-charge them before driving the switching transistors to close the circuit. This causes the capacitors in these branches to resonate with the inductance of the coils, generating sufficient current and voltage spikes. However, nuclear fusion requires field inversion devices to achieve high-frequency repetition capability. Traditional field inversion devices require a long charging time after each branch activates to prepare for the next operation, making them unsuitable for high-frequency operation and unable to meet the system's high-frequency repetition requirements. Therefore, this solution provides the following embodiments to address the aforementioned technical problems:

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a field-reverse configuration power supply for a distributed rectifier device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: an AC source, N resonant branches, and an angular clamping coil;

[0035] The AC source is used to generate alternating current;

[0036] Each resonant branch is equipped with a distributed rectifier circuit and a capacitor; the distributed rectifier circuit includes multiple rectifiers connected in parallel;

[0037] One end of the distributed rectifier circuit is connected to an AC source, and the other end is connected to the capacitor and then electrically connected to the angular clamping coil.

[0038] It also includes venting branch lines;

[0039] The output terminals of N resonant branches are electrically connected to the discharge branch, and the discharge branch is electrically connected to the angular clamping coil.

[0040] The discharge branch includes an energy-consuming resistor or an energy storage device.

[0041] The resonant branch also includes a first switch and a second switch; the first switch and the second switch are connected in series on both sides of the capacitor.

[0042] The rectifier internally comprises two parts: an AC-CDC circuit and a DC-CDC circuit; the DC-CDC circuit is designed with a high-frequency transformer to achieve electrical isolation between AC input and DC output.

[0043] The multiple rectifiers in the distributed rectifier circuit operate at different operating times.

[0044] The N resonant branches include field reversal branches, pre-ionization branches, and bias branches.

[0045] It also includes a host computer and N slave computers, with a mid-level computer set up on each resonant branch for communication with the host computer.

[0046] Both the host computer and the slave computer include Ethernet modules, Wi-Fi modules, Bluetooth modules, CAN communication modules, or RS485 communication modules, etc.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a field-reverse configuration power supply system with a distributed rectifier, characterized by including the field-reverse configuration power supply with a distributed rectifier as described in Embodiment 1. The field-reverse configuration power supply of the distributed rectifier obtains energy from the power grid, meaning the power grid / AC is the input source of this system. Taking branch 1 as an example, the AC input is converted to DC output by rectifier 1. Rectifier 1 contains two parts. The first part is an AC-DC1 circuit, i.e., Active Power Factor Correction (APFC), whose main function is to make the AC input current follow the AC input voltage, improve the power factor of the power supply, and reduce reactive power. The output of the first part is DC, with relatively large ripple. The second part is a DC-DC1 circuit. The input of this part is the output of the preceding APFC. This part of the circuit often incorporates a high-frequency transformer to achieve electrical isolation between the preceding and following stages. Its output voltage accuracy and ripple are good, and the output voltage can often be adjusted within a certain range to meet the actual needs of the following stages.

[0049] The output of rectifier 1 is connected to switch 11, which determines whether the output of rectifier 1 can charge capacitor 1. In practical designs, if the rectifier's protection measures are adequate, switch 11 can be omitted, and its switching function is replaced by the internal circuitry of rectifier 1. Considering the very high voltage and current spikes of the second-order resonant circuit, it is best to add an external high-voltage relay after the rectifier to achieve complete circuit switching. When switch 11 is on, rectifier 1 begins to charge capacitor 1. When the capacitor is fully charged, switch 11 (or an external high-voltage relay; considering response time, a high-voltage solid-state relay can also be used) disconnects the circuit. Then switch 12 is on, and capacitor 1 begins to release charge. Capacitor 1 and the inductance of the θ-pinch coil resonate in a second-order resonance. Since capacitor 1 has a DC blocking effect, most of the voltage is applied across capacitor 1, which is equivalent to applying voltage across the θ-pinch coil. The second-order resonance generates a pulse current with a very large rate of change of current di / dt. A very large current gradient (di / dt rate of change) induces sufficient kinetic energy in the free electrons within the vacuum chamber gas through electromagnetic induction. When these high-energy electrons collide with neutral gas molecules, their energy is sufficient to ionize the molecules, thus forming plasma. The rapid charging and discharging of capacitor 1 generates a rapidly changing alternating magnetic field in the vacuum chamber gas. This magnetic field effectively accelerates the free electrons, making it difficult for them to recombine with ions and ensuring the continuity of ionization. As ionization accumulates, free electrons trigger more ionization events through collisions with neutral molecules, ultimately leading to an avalanche effect that completely transforms the gas into plasma. Switching to other branches causes the current through the coil to rapidly reverse and increase, generating a momentarily reversed magnetic field within the coil, producing strong magnetic pressure that compresses the plasma, forming a field-reversing structure. Through the second-order resonance principle, a suitable inductor and capacitor configuration can be selected to generate a sufficiently strong magnetic field in the coil to confine the formed plasma. After the reverse field stage, the freewheeling stage begins, where the magnetic field stability is maintained by slowly releasing the current. When the operation is complete, the switch of the discharge path is controlled to conduct and dissipate the energy stored in the θ-pinch coil inductance, or this energy is recovered through energy recovery to improve system efficiency.

[0050] Branch 2, and even branch n, can all operate according to this working sequence. Since each branch is independent of the others, the distributed power supply of each branch can work in sequence, which is equivalent to increasing the operating frequency of the branch to meet the requirements of complex frequency operation.

[0051] The main factor affecting frequency is the capacitor charging time TCAP. If the system's complex frequency operation requires a rectifier operating interval T... interval Less than the charging time T of the rectifier to the capacitor CAP ;according to Figure 3The timing diagram shown illustrates that if a distributed power supply design using three rectifiers operates sequentially, and assuming the time interval between each operation is time T, the charging time for a single rectifier to charge the capacitor is 3T. This satisfies both the system's safe and reliable operation and the rectifier's charging requirements for the capacitor. Using more rectifiers operating sequentially will allow the system to meet the demands of higher operating frequencies.

[0052] This scheme can adopt an n+1 or n+2 redundancy design. Even if any branch fails, the redundant branch can take over the work, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the system and improving the system reliability. If the n+1 redundancy distributed power supply scheme meets the complex frequency operation requirements of the field inversion branch of the θ-pinch forming field inversion device, then the remaining branches, including the pre-ionization branch and the bias branch, also need to follow the redundancy distributed power supply scheme.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, this scheme also includes a host computer and N slave computers, with one intermediate computer set up on each resonant branch for communication with the host computer. Both the host computer and the slave computers include a Wi-Fi module or a Bluetooth module. The host computer and the slave computers achieve safe and stable operation control and information exchange.

[0054] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A field-reverse configuration power supply for a distributed rectifier, characterized in that, include: An AC source, N resonant branches, and an angular clamping coil; Each resonant branch is equipped with a distributed rectifier circuit and a capacitor; the distributed rectifier circuit includes multiple rectifiers connected in parallel; One end of the distributed rectifier circuit is connected to an AC source, and the other end is connected to the capacitor and then electrically connected to the angular clamping coil.

2. The field-reverse configuration power supply of a distributed rectifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a discharge branch; the output terminals of N resonant branches are electrically connected to the discharge branch, and the discharge branch is electrically connected to the angular clamping coil.

3. The field-reverse configuration power supply of a distributed rectifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The discharge branch includes an energy-consuming resistor or an energy storage device.

4. The field-reverse configuration power supply of a distributed rectifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant branch also includes a first switch and a second switch; the first switch and the second switch are connected in series on both sides of the capacitor; the capacitor is connected to the angular clamping coil through the second switch.

5. A field-reversed power supply for a distributed rectifier according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rectifier internally comprises two parts: an AC-CDC circuit and a DC-CDC circuit; the DC-CDC circuit is designed with a high-frequency transformer to achieve electrical isolation between AC input and DC output.

6. The field-reverse configuration power supply of a distributed rectifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple rectifiers in the distributed rectifier circuit operate at different operating times.

7. A field-reversed power supply for a distributed rectifier according to claim 6, characterized in that, The N resonant branches include field reversal branches, pre-ionization branches, and bias branches.

8. A field-reverse configuration power supply for a distributed rectifier according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a host computer and N slave computers. Each resonant branch is equipped with a mid-level computer as an intermediate layer, which receives instructions from the host computer and uploads data through communication, and issues instructions or exchanges data to the slave computers.

9. A field-reversed power supply for a distributed rectifier according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the host computer and the slave computer include: an Ethernet module, a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, a CAN communication module, or an RS485 communication module.

10. A field-reverse configuration power supply system for a distributed rectifier, characterized in that, The field-reverse configuration power supply of the distributed rectifier device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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