Hemodialyzer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hemodialyzer, which belongs to the technical field of dialyzers and comprises a shell, a first end cover, a second end cover and a membrane tow. The shell is provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet, and the first end cover and the second end cover are respectively connected with two sides of the shell and are correspondingly provided with a blood inlet and a blood outlet; the membrane filament bundle is arranged in the shell, and two ends are hermetically connected with the shell through sealing colloid. The liquid inlet cavity in the first end cover is provided with a liquid separation assembly, the assembly comprises a mounting ring, a connecting frame, an inner conical liquid separation sleeve and an outer conical liquid separation sleeve, the mounting ring is connected with the first end cover, the connecting frame is fixedly connected in the mounting ring and fixed with the two liquid separation sleeves, the tops of the two liquid separation sleeves are correspondingly provided with a first opening and a second opening facing the blood inlet, and the liquid inlet cavity is divided into three chambers. After entering through the blood inlet, blood is divided into three paths through the three-cavity structure and flows to the outer side, the middle and the central area of the end of the membrane filament bundle respectively, the situation that part of the membrane filament is idle due to blood concentration is avoided, and the single dialysis effect is remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of dialyzer, concretely is a kind of hemodialysis. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core medical equipment for maintaining the life of patients with end-stage renal disease, the core function of hemodialysis is to realize the material exchange between blood and dialysate through membrane filament bundle, to remove urea, creatinine and other metabolic waste and excess water in blood, and to regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance. With the development of medical technology, the biocompatibility and filtration precision of membrane filament material are continuously improved, and the overall treatment safety of dialysis is significantly improved. At present, the core demand of clinical dialysis has focused on improving dialysis efficiency and shortening treatment time to reduce the physical burden of patients and medical costs, which requires the effective exchange area of membrane filament to be fully utilized, and the contact between blood and dialysate to be more uniform and efficient.

[0003] In the structural design of the existing hemodialysis, after entering through the end cover inlet, the blood directly flows to the end of the membrane filament bundle, lacking targeted shunt guide structure. Influenced by fluid flow inertia and uneven pressure distribution, blood is easy to concentrate in the central area or local position of the end of the membrane filament bundle, resulting in that the membrane filaments at the edge and part of the middle area of the membrane filament bundle are difficult to fully contact with blood, and the phenomenon of "partial membrane filament idling" occurs. This uneven blood distribution problem makes the effective exchange area of the membrane filament not fully utilized, not only limits the improvement of dialysis efficiency, but also may affect the dispersion and convective exchange of metabolic waste due to local blood flow rate being too fast or too slow, resulting in poor single dialysis effect, which is difficult to meet the demand of high-efficiency dialysis in clinic.

[0004] In the patent with application number CN202422069079.5, a dialysis is disclosed. The flow guide device of the design attempts to guide blood from the center to the periphery through the flow guide platform and the flow guide support, but still does not solve the core problem of uneven distribution of blood at the end of the hollow fiber membrane and partial membrane filament idling. The flow guide support only focuses on one-way drainage from the center to the periphery, lacks fine shunt design for the middle area of the end of the membrane filament bundle, and is easy to cause imbalance of blood flow rate in the middle and peripheral areas. Moreover, the extension mode and inclination angle adjustment of the flow guide support can only optimize local flow direction, and it is difficult to achieve uniform coverage of the whole area, and the hollow fiber membranes at some edge or middle positions may still be idle due to insufficient blood supply. At the same time, the local concentration problem caused by blood flow inertia is not optimized, and there is still the defect of low utilization rate of effective exchange area, which cannot fundamentally avoid the core technical pain points of traditional dialysis. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims at providing a kind of hemodialysis to solve the following technical problems raised in the background art:

[0006] In the conventional dialyzer, blood is easily concentrated in local part at the end of the membrane filament bundle, resulting in idle part of the membrane filament and low utilization rate of effective exchange area.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that

[0008] A hemodialysis device comprises a shell, a first end cover, a second end cover and a membrane filament bundle. The shell is provided with a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet. The first end cover and the second end cover are respectively connected to the two sides of the shell. The first end cover is provided with a blood inlet, and the second end cover is provided with a blood outlet. The membrane filament bundle is arranged in the shell. The two ends of the membrane filament bundle are provided with sealing glue bodies. The membrane filament bundle is sealingly connected to the shell through the sealing glue bodies. The first end cover is provided with a liquid inlet cavity. The liquid inlet cavity is provided with a liquid distribution assembly. The liquid distribution assembly comprises a mounting ring, a connecting frame, an outer liquid distribution sleeve and an inner liquid distribution sleeve. The mounting ring is connected to the first end cover. The connecting frame is fixedly connected to the mounting ring. The outer liquid distribution sleeve is in a conical structure. The outer liquid distribution sleeve is arranged in the mounting ring and is fixedly connected to the connecting frame. The inner liquid distribution sleeve is in a conical structure. The inner liquid distribution sleeve is arranged in the outer liquid distribution sleeve and is fixedly connected to the connecting frame. The top of the outer liquid distribution sleeve is provided with a first opening. The top of the inner liquid distribution sleeve is provided with a second opening. The first opening faces the blood inlet, and the second opening faces the first opening. The outer liquid distribution sleeve and the inner liquid distribution sleeve divide the liquid inlet cavity into a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber. The first chamber is located on the outside of the outer liquid distribution sleeve. The second chamber is located between the outer liquid distribution sleeve and the inner liquid distribution sleeve. The third chamber is located on the inside of the inner liquid distribution sleeve.

[0009] Further, the first end cover and the second end cover are both threadedly connected to the shell.

[0010] Further, the shell is provided with a spiral plate. The spiral plate forms a spiral dialysate flow channel between the shell and the membrane filament bundle. The two ends of the dialysate flow channel are respectively communicated with the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet.

[0011] Further, the bottom of the first end cover is provided with a clamping groove, and the mounting ring is arranged in the clamping groove.

[0012] Further, the inner diameter of the first opening is smaller than the inner diameter of the blood inlet, and the inner diameter of the second opening is smaller than the inner diameter of the first opening.

[0013] Further, the bottoms of the inner liquid distribution sleeve and the outer liquid distribution sleeve are in abutment with the ends of the membrane filament bundle.

[0014] Further, the blood inlet and the blood outlet both adopt quick plug-in interfaces.

[0015] Further, the top of the outer liquid distribution sleeve is provided with an inclined thin edge.

[0016] Further, the connecting frame comprises a plurality of connecting rods. The connecting rods are fixedly connected to the mounting ring, the outer liquid distribution sleeve and the inner liquid distribution sleeve.

[0017] Further, the connecting rod is provided with at least three.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the blood dialysis device has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The three-chamber shunt structure formed by the outer liquid distribution sleeve and the inner liquid distribution sleeve, combined with the guiding effect of the conical design of the two, reasonably divides the blood into three paths. The three paths of blood flow to the outer side area, the middle position and the center position of the membrane filament bundle end, not only avoid the problem of partial membrane filament idling caused by the blood easily concentrating in the local membrane filament bundle in the traditional dialyzer, but also ensure that each membrane filament can fully contact the blood, maximize the effective exchange area of the membrane filament; at the same time, the conical structure can guide the smooth flow of blood, reduce the situation of turbulent flow and local flow rate being too fast or too slow, make the contact time of blood and dialysate more uniform, and improve the effect of single dialysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 the enlarged schematic diagram of A part;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid distribution assembly of the present application.

[0024] Marked in the figure: 1-housing, 2-first end cover, 3-blood inlet, 4-dialysate outlet, 5-dialysate inlet, 6-second end cover, 7-blood outlet, 8-sealing gel, 9-spiral plate, 10-dialysate flow channel, 11-membrane filament bundle, 12-liquid inlet cavity, 13-mounting ring, 14-clamping groove, 15-outer liquid distribution sleeve, 16-inner liquid distribution sleeve, 17-connection frame, 18-third chamber, 19-second opening, 20-first opening, 21-second chamber, 22-first chamber, 23-connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] Embodiment:

[0027] A blood dialysis device, such asFigure 1 As shown, it comprises a shell 1, a first end cover 2, a second end cover 6 and a membrane filament bundle 11; the shell 1 is provided with a dialysate inlet 5 and a dialysate outlet 4, the first end cover 2 and the second end cover 6 are respectively connected to the two sides of the shell 1, the first end cover 2 is provided with a blood inlet 3, and the second end cover 6 is provided with a blood outlet 7; as shown, Figure 2 As shown, the membrane filament bundle 11 is arranged in the shell 1, and the two ends of the membrane filament bundle 11 are provided with sealing glue bodies 8, and the membrane filament bundle 11 is sealingly connected to the shell 1 through the sealing glue bodies 8; the first end cover 2 is provided with a liquid inlet cavity 12, and the liquid inlet cavity 12 is provided with a liquid distribution assembly, as shown, Figure 3 As shown, the liquid distribution assembly comprises a mounting ring 13, a connecting frame 17, an outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and an inner liquid distribution sleeve 16; wherein the mounting ring 13 is connected to the first end cover 2, the connecting frame 17 is fixedly connected in the mounting ring 13, the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 is a conical structure, the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 is arranged in the mounting ring 13 and is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 17, the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 is a conical structure, the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 is arranged in the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 17; the top of the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 is provided with a first opening 20, the top of the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 is provided with a second opening 19, the first opening 20 faces the blood inlet 3, and the second opening 19 faces the first opening 20; the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 divide the liquid inlet cavity 12 into a first chamber 22, a second chamber 21 and a third chamber 18, the first chamber 22 is located outside the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15, the second chamber 21 is located between the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16, and the third chamber 18 is located inside the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16.

[0028] Among them, the shell 1 is the core bearing structure, contains the membrane filament bundle 11 and provides space for the dialysate flow, the dialysate inlet 5 on it is used to pass fresh dialysate into the shell 1, and the dialysate outlet 4 is used to discharge the waste dialysate after completion of exchange.

[0029] The first end cover 2 and the second end cover 6 are sealingly connected to the two sides of the shell 1 respectively, the blood inlet 3 on the first end cover 2 is used for the blood to be dialyzed to enter, and the blood outlet 7 on the second end cover 6 is used for the blood after dialysis to be discharged, and the two together constitute the blood inlet and outlet channel.

[0030] The membrane filament bundle 11 is the core component of material exchange, and the membrane structure inside it allows metabolic waste, excess water and other substances in the blood to diffuse and convective exchange with beneficial substances in the dialysate, and the sealing glue bodies 8 at both ends of the membrane filament bundle 11 fix the position of the membrane filament bundle 11 and realize the sealing of the membrane filament bundle 11 and the shell 1, preventing direct mixing of blood and dialysate.

[0031] The liquid inlet cavity 12 in the first end cover 2 provides space for blood distribution, and the internal liquid distribution assembly is responsible for achieving uniform blood distribution. The mounting ring 13 is used to fix the liquid distribution assembly on the first end cover 2, the connecting frame 17 serves to connect the mounting ring 13, the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16, and ensures the structural stability of the three components. The outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 together divide the liquid inlet cavity 12 into a first chamber 22, a second chamber 21 and a third chamber 18.

[0032] After the blood enters the liquid inlet cavity 12 from the blood inlet 3, the blood is distributed through the three-chamber structure: part of the blood flows to the outer side region of the end of the membrane filament bundle 11 through the first chamber 22, part of the blood enters the second chamber 21 through the first opening 20 and flows to the middle position of the end of the membrane filament bundle 11 along the outer wall of the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16, and the last part of the blood enters the third chamber 18 through the second opening 19 and flows to the central position of the end of the membrane filament bundle 11, ensuring that the blood uniformly flows through the entire end region of the membrane filament bundle 11, avoiding uneven local flow affecting the dialysis effect, and completing the distribution of the blood. The blood enters the inside of the membrane filament bundle 11, exchanges substances with the dialysate in the housing 1 through the membrane filament wall, and is discharged from the blood outlet 7 of the second end cover 6, realizing the function of hemodialysis.

[0033] Through the three-chamber distribution structure composed of the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 and the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16, combined with the guiding effect of the conical design of the two, the blood is reasonably divided into three paths. The three paths of blood flow to the outer side region, the middle position and the central position of the end of the membrane filament bundle 11, not only avoiding the problem of partial membrane filament idling caused by the blood easily concentrating in the local membrane filament bundle 11 in the traditional dialyzer, but also ensuring that each membrane filament can fully contact the blood, maximizing the effective exchange area of the membrane filament; at the same time, the conical structure can guide the blood to flow smoothly, reduce turbulence and local flow rate too fast or too slow, make the contact time of blood and dialysate more uniform, and improve the effect of single dialysis.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the first end cover 2 and the second end cover 6 are threadedly connected with the housing 1. The threaded connection can form a tightly fitted fixed relationship between the first end cover 2, the second end cover 6 and the housing 1, which can effectively resist the pressure impact generated by the flow of blood and dialysate in the housing 1 during dialysis, and avoid the end cover from loosening and deviating due to pressure; at the same time, the spiral sealing effect of the thread and the sealing glue 8 form double sealing protection, further blocking the leakage channel of blood and dialysate, reducing the risk of cross contamination, and improving the safety of the dialysis process.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2As shown, the housing 1 is provided with a spiral plate 9, which forms a spiral dialysate flow channel 10 between the housing 1 and the membrane filament bundle 11. The two ends of the dialysate flow channel 10 are respectively communicated with the dialysate inlet 5 and the dialysate outlet 4. The spiral dialysate flow channel 10 formed by the spiral plate 9 can prolong the flow path and residence time of the dialysate in the housing 1, ensure sufficient contact between the dialysate and the membrane filament bundle 11, improve the material exchange efficiency, avoid dialysate short circuit, enhance the uniformity of the flow field and reduce the concentration polarization on the membrane surface, further optimize the dialysis effect in cooperation with the blood shunt structure, and ensure the exchange sufficiency and stability.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, as shown, the bottom of the first end cover 2 is provided with a clamping groove 14, and the mounting ring 13 is arranged in the clamping groove 14. The clamping groove 14 provides precise positioning for the mounting ring 13, quickly completes assembly, and at the same time stably limits the mounting ring 13 to avoid displacement caused by fluid impact during dialysis, ensuring the stability and reliability of the liquid distribution assembly. Figure 3

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter of the first opening 20 is smaller than the inner diameter of the blood inlet 3, and the inner diameter of the second opening 19 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first opening 20. Through the stepped design of the inner diameters of the first opening 20 and the second opening 19 being successively smaller than the inner diameter of the blood inlet 3, the proportion of blood flow in three-way shunt can be precisely controlled, blood is prevented from being excessively concentrated in a single chamber, and at the same time the blood flow rate of the second and third chambers is moderately increased, ensuring balanced blood supply to the outer side, middle and center area of the end of the membrane filament bundle 11, preventing insufficient exchange caused by too slow local flow rate or turbulence loss caused by too fast flow rate, stabilizing the shunt effect of the liquid distribution assembly, and further ensuring the dialysis efficiency and sufficiency of material exchange.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the bottoms of the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 and the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 abut against the end of the membrane filament bundle 11. The abutment of the bottoms of the inner liquid distribution sleeve 16 and the outer liquid distribution sleeve 15 against the end of the membrane filament bundle 11 can precisely guide the blood after shunt to directly enter the corresponding area of the membrane filament bundle 11, avoid blood stagnation or deflection at the bottom of the chamber, ensure the accuracy of the shunt path, further fix the position of the liquid distribution sleeve, enhance the stability against fluid impact, prevent shunt imbalance caused by displacement of the shunt assembly, ensure uniform coverage of the blood on the end of the membrane filament bundle 11, and maintain efficient and stable dialysis exchange effect.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the blood inlet 3 and the blood outlet 7 adopt quick plug interfaces. The quick plug interfaces can realize quick plug assembly of the blood pipeline and the dialyzer, do not require additional tools, improve clinical operation efficiency, adapt to the pipeline connection requirements of emergency treatment or regular dialysis, and at the same time the sealing structure thereof can ensure the sealing property of the connection part, prevent blood leakage or external pollution, and ensure the safety and operation convenience of the dialysis process.

[0040] ​In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The top of the outer distribution sleeve 15 is provided with an inclined thin edge. The inclined thin edge of the top of the outer distribution sleeve 15 can play a smooth guiding role on the blood entering the liquid inlet cavity 12, guiding part of the blood to flow smoothly into the first chamber 22.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 The connecting frame 17 includes a plurality of connecting rods 23, each of which is fixedly connected with the mounting ring 13, the outer distribution sleeve 15 and the inner distribution sleeve 16. Further preferably, the connecting rod 23 is provided with at least three. The connecting rod 23 is fixedly connected with the mounting ring 13, the outer distribution sleeve 15 and the inner distribution sleeve 16 to form a stable integrated distribution structure. The setting of at least three utilizes the principle of triangular stability to improve the overall rigidity, effectively resists the impact and vibration generated by the blood flow, avoids the displacement or deformation of the distribution sleeve, and at the same time does not block the distribution channel, so as to ensure the smooth distribution of blood along the preset path, maintain the accuracy and stability of the three-chamber distribution, and help improve the dialysis efficiency.

[0042] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "the other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inner", "front", "central", "both ends" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0043] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "setting", "connecting", "fixing", "screw connection" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, or can be detachably connected, or can be integrated; they can be mechanically connected, or can be electrically connected; they can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; they can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically defined, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hemodialyzer, characterized by: The application relates to a dialysis device, which comprises a shell (1), a first end cover (2), a second end cover (6) and a membrane filament bundle (11); the shell (1) is provided with a dialysate inlet (5) and a dialysate outlet (4), the first end cover (2) and the second end cover (6) are connected to the two sides of the shell (1) respectively, the first end cover (2) is provided with a blood inlet (3), and the second end cover (6) is provided with a blood outlet (7); the membrane filament bundle (11) is arranged in the shell (1), and the two ends of the membrane filament bundle (11) are provided with sealing glue bodies (8); the membrane filament bundle (11) is sealingly connected with the shell (1) through the sealing glue bodies (8). The first end cover (2) is provided with a liquid inlet cavity (12), and the liquid inlet cavity (12) is provided with a liquid distribution assembly; the liquid distribution assembly comprises a mounting ring (13), a connecting frame (17), an outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) and an inner liquid distribution sleeve (16); the mounting ring (13) is connected with the first end cover (2), the connecting frame (17) is fixedly connected in the mounting ring (13), the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) is in a conical structure, the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) is arranged in the mounting ring (13) and is fixedly connected with the connecting frame (17), the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16) is in a conical structure, the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16) is arranged in the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) and is fixedly connected with the connecting frame (17); the top of the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) is provided with a first opening (20), the top of the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16) is provided with a second opening (19), the first opening (20) faces the blood inlet (3), and the second opening (19) faces the first opening (20); the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) and the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16) divide the liquid inlet cavity (12) into a first chamber (22), a second chamber (21) and a third chamber (18); the first chamber (22) is located outside the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15), the second chamber (21) is located between the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) and the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16), and the third chamber (18) is located inside the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16).

2. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end cover (2) and the second end cover (6) are both threadedly connected with the shell (1).

3. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The shell (1) is provided with a spiral plate (9), the spiral plate (9) forms a spiral dialysate flow channel (10) between the shell (1) and the membrane filament bundle (11), and the two ends of the dialysate flow channel (10) are communicated with the dialysate inlet (5) and the dialysate outlet (4) respectively.

4. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the first end cover (2) is provided with a clamping groove (14), and the mounting ring (13) is arranged in the clamping groove (14).

5. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The inner diameter of the first opening (20) is smaller than that of the blood inlet (3), and the inner diameter of the second opening (19) is smaller than that of the first opening (20).

6. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The bottoms of the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16) and the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) are in abutment with the end portions of the membrane filament bundle (11).

7. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The blood inlet (3) and the blood outlet (7) are both fast plug interfaces.

8. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The top of the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) is provided with an inclined thin edge.

9. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, wherein: The connecting frame (17) comprises a plurality of connecting rods (23), and the connecting rods (23) are fixedly connected with the mounting ring (13), the outer liquid distribution sleeve (15) and the inner liquid distribution sleeve (16).

10. A hemodialyzer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The connecting rods (23) are at least three.

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