Display module and display device

Abstract

The utility model provides a display module and a display device. The display module comprises a backlight structure; the first controllable grating is located on the light emitting side of the backlight structure, the first controllable grating comprises a first display unit and a second display unit which are alternately distributed in the row and column direction, the first display unit is configured to be used for displaying a first picture, and the second display unit is configured to be used for displaying a second picture; the second controllable grating is located on the light emitting side of the backlight structure, the second controllable grating comprises a plurality of grating units, and the grating units are configured to be kept in a light transmitting state under the condition that voltage is not applied and to be converted into a light shading state from the light transmitting state under the condition that the voltage is applied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the expanding application range of display products, increasingly diverse demands are being placed on their display modes. For example, display products need to support one or more display modes such as shared display, dual-view display, and privacy display. In related technologies, dual-view display can be achieved by using structures such as fixed gratings, lenticular lenses, or controllable liquid crystal gratings, while privacy display can be achieved by using structures such as privacy films or backlight modules. However, how to enable display products to freely switch between multiple display modes, including shared display, dual-view display, and privacy mode, is one of the important research topics for those skilled in the art.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this utility model, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0004] In one aspect of this utility model, a display module is provided, comprising:

[0005] Backlight structure;

[0006] A first controllable grating, located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure, includes first and second display units alternately distributed in a row and column direction. The first display units are configured to display a first image, and the second display units are configured to display a second image.

[0007] The second controllable grating is located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure. The second controllable grating includes a plurality of grating units, which are configured to remain in a light-transmitting state when no voltage is applied, and to change from a light-transmitting state to a light-blocking state when a voltage is applied.

[0008] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the second controllable grating includes: a first substrate; a first electrode layer located on one side of the first substrate; a hydrophobic insulating layer located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the first substrate; a pixel wall located on the side of the hydrophobic insulating layer away from the first substrate; a plurality of black inks located on the side of the pixel wall away from the first substrate; an aqueous solution located on the side of the pixel wall away from the first substrate; a second electrode layer located on the side of the aqueous solution away from the first substrate; and a second substrate located on the side of the second electrode layer away from the first substrate.

[0009] The black ink has electrowetting properties.

[0010] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged in an array, and the second electrode layer includes a second electrode covering the entire surface.

[0011] The second controllable grating further includes a driving circuit layer located between the first substrate and the first electrode layer. The driving circuit layer is configured to adjust the energizing state of the plurality of first electrodes according to the display mode, so as to control the light transmission state or light blocking state of the plurality of grating units respectively. The display mode includes at least one of the following: sharing mode, dual-view mode, privacy mode, partial sharing mode, partial dual-view mode, and partial privacy mode.

[0012] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pixel wall defines a plurality of accommodating spaces, and the orthographic projections of the plurality of accommodating spaces on the first substrate fall within the orthographic projections of the plurality of first electrodes on the first substrate, wherein the black ink and the aqueous solution are located in the accommodating spaces.

[0013] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode layer includes a first electrode covering an entire surface, and the second electrode layer includes a second electrode covering an entire surface.

[0014] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the black ink and the aqueous solution have the same density and are immiscible.

[0015] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophobic insulating layer has a plurality of first openings, and at least a portion of the first openings are projected onto the first substrate in a side region of the projection of the receiving space onto the first substrate.

[0016] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the shape of at least a portion of the first opening projected onto the first substrate includes at least one of the following: a line, an L-shape, a U-shape, or a square shape.

[0017] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first display unit includes a plurality of first pixels, and the second display unit includes a plurality of second pixels;

[0018] The first controllable grating further includes a plurality of black matrices located between adjacent first pixels and second pixels, wherein at least a portion of the black matrices' orthographic projections on the first substrate overlap with at least a portion of the orthographic projections of the grating units on the first substrate; and

[0019] At least a portion of the black matrix's orthographic projection on the first substrate falls into the gap region between the orthographic projections of two adjacent grating units on the first substrate.

[0020] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the second controllable grating is located between the first controllable grating and the backlight structure;

[0021] The display module further includes: an optical adhesive layer located on the side of the second controllable grating away from the backlight structure; a first polarizing layer located on the side of the optical adhesive layer away from the backlight structure; and a second polarizing layer located on the side of the first controllable grating away from the backlight structure.

[0022] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in dual-view mode, the display module satisfies the following formula:

[0023] sin(90-α1)=n*sin(90-α2);

[0024] sin(90-β1)=n*sin(90-β2);

[0025]

[0026] In the first direction, the grating unit has a first width D1, the distance between two adjacent grating units is a, the black matrix has a third width m, and the display pixel has a fourth width P. The first direction is perpendicular to the light emission direction of the display module. In the second direction, the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating are spaced apart by a first distance H. The second direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display module. α1 and β1 are angle values ​​that define the field of view range, S is the defined optimal viewing distance, and n is the equivalent refractive index of multiple components between the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating.

[0027] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the second controllable grating is located on the side of the first controllable grating away from the backlight structure;

[0028] The display module further includes: a first polarizing layer located on the side of the first controllable grating close to the backlight structure; a second polarizing layer located on the side of the first controllable grating away from the backlight structure; and an optical adhesive layer located on the side of the second polarizing layer away from the backlight structure.

[0029] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in dual-view mode, the display module satisfies the following formula:

[0030] sin(90-α1)=n*sin(90-α2);

[0031] sin(90-β1)=n*sin(90-β2);

[0032]

[0033] In the first direction, the grating unit has a first width D1, the distance between two adjacent grating units is a, the black matrix has a third width m, and the display pixel has a fourth width P. The first direction is perpendicular to the light emission direction of the display module. In the second direction, the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating are spaced apart by a first distance H. The second direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display module. α1 and β1 are angle values ​​that define the field of view range, S is the defined optimal viewing distance, and n is the equivalent refractive index of multiple components between the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating.

[0034] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first width is greater than the third width.

[0035] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the number of black matrices is greater than the number of grating units.

[0036] In another aspect of this utility model, a display device is provided, comprising a display module as described in any of the preceding claims. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The above-mentioned contents, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the solid-liquid interface wetting characteristics of a display module applied according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the electrowetting characteristics of a display module applied according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2C and Figure 2D This is a schematic diagram illustrating the movement of microdroplets applied to a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the first controllable grating of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5This is an exploded view of the structure of the second controllable grating of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6A This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is not powered on, showing the black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer. Figure 6B This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention after power is applied, showing the black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a plan view of the opening shape of the hydrophobic insulating layer of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8A and Figure 8B These are two fabrication flowcharts for the second controllable grating of the display module according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the structure of the second controllable grating of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10A This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the drive circuit layer, black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is not powered on. Figure 10B This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention after power-on, showing the driving circuit layer, black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer.

[0048] Figure 11A and Figure 11B These are two fabrication flowcharts for the second controllable grating of the display module according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a shared display of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 14A and Figure 14B This is a simulated brightness distribution diagram of the display module under shared display according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a dual-view display of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 16A and Figure 16BThis is a simulated brightness distribution diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention under dual-view display;

[0054] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the privacy display of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 18A and Figure 18B This is a simulated brightness distribution diagram of the display module under privacy display according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 19 This is an optical path diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention under dual-view display;

[0057] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0058] Figure 21 This is an optical path diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention under dual-view display.

[0059] It should be noted that, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, structures, or regions in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the present invention may be enlarged or reduced, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0061] It should be noted that, for clarity and / or descriptive purposes, the dimensions and relative dimensions of components may be enlarged in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the dimensions and relative dimensions of the individual components are not necessarily limited to those shown in the drawings. In the specification and accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar parts.

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0063] In this document, unless otherwise specified, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device, element, or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. It should be understood that when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship they represent may also change accordingly. Therefore, these directional terms should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0064] In this document, the directional terms "first direction" and "second direction" are used to describe different directions of the display module, such as the row and column direction and the light emission direction of the display module. It should be understood that such representations are merely exemplary descriptions and not limitations on this invention.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the solid-liquid interface wetting characteristics of a display module applied according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the electrowetting characteristics of a display module applied according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2C and Figure 2D This is a schematic diagram illustrating the movement of microdroplets applied to a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] The technical terms involved in this utility model are briefly described below to help those interested in the invention better understand the solution.

[0067] Wetting properties: also known as wettability, are the phenomenon where a solid surface transitions from a solid-gas interface to a solid-liquid interface; it can also be understood as the ability of a liquid to spread on a solid surface. (See reference...) Figure 1 In Figure 1(a) on the left, the liquid spreads completely on the solid surface, indicating that the liquid and solid are completely wetted. In Figure 2(b) on the right, the liquid maintains a spherical shape on the solid surface, indicating that the solid is completely hydrophobic.

[0068] Electrowetting: The phenomenon where adjusting the electric potential applied between a droplet and an electrode alters the wetting characteristics of the droplet on the medium surface, thereby changing the three-phase contact angle between the droplet and the medium surface. This causes the droplet to deform, creating a pressure difference within the droplet and driving its movement. For example, in conjunction with a reference... Figure 2A and Figure 2B A dielectric layer, an electrode, a hydrophobic layer, and a droplet are sequentially disposed on the substrate. The electrode and the droplet are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply, respectively. The hydrophobic layer is a solid film. (See reference...) Figure 2A When no electricity is applied, the droplet remains essentially spherical, resulting in a relatively large contact angle θ1 between it and the underlying hydrophobic layer; (Refer to...) Figure 2B After being energized, the droplet undergoes a certain movement, and the contact angle θ2 between it and the underlying hydrophobic layer decreases.

[0069] The motion mechanism of microdroplets: Figure 2C The structure shown is similar to Figure 2A The structures shown are the same. Figure 2D The structure shown is similar to Figure 2B The structures shown are the same. Figure 2C and Figure 2D This mainly illustrates the change in charge density at the interface where the microdroplet intersects with the underlying film before and after energization. (Refer to reference...) Figure 2C and Figure 2D Before energizing, the charge density at the interface where the microdroplet intersects with the underlying film is relatively small; after energizing, the charge density at the interface where the microdroplet intersects with the underlying film increases, thereby increasing the concentration of activated molecules on the surface of the microdroplet. The repulsive force between like charges decreases, which reduces the energy required for the microdroplet to expand, i.e., the solid-liquid surface tension decreases, resulting in a decrease in the contact angle of the microdroplet.

[0070] In related technologies, display products typically employ directional light control technology to achieve privacy-protected or dual-view displays. For example, a fixed grating illuminates or blocks corresponding odd-to-even pixel arrays separately; or, a lenticular lens guides light into different viewing areas to illuminate or block corresponding odd-to-even pixel arrays, thus achieving dual-view display. However, the fixed grating or lenticular lens configuration limits the module structure to dual-view mode, preventing switching to a shared mode and restricting its application scenarios.

[0071] Some display products utilize controllable liquid crystal gratings, enabling controllable grating switching and thus switching between dual-view and shared modes. However, this approach also has drawbacks. Dual-view displays require specific grating unit placement heights (the thinner the better), but the TN grating unit in this approach requires polarizers at the top and bottom. Furthermore, TN liquid crystal gratings have poor viewing angles, typically necessitating the use of viewing angle compensation polarizers. These polarizers are generally quite thick, making them difficult to meet product requirements. Even with viewing angle compensation polarizers, TN liquid crystal gratings still exhibit light leakage at side viewing angles, easily leading to crosstalk and affecting the dual-view effect.

[0072] Privacy displays typically achieve privacy protection by adding a privacy film or other optical film to the backlight; or by using Fresnel lenses to collimate the backlight, thereby reducing brightness over a wide viewing angle to achieve a privacy effect; or by using a backlight module with dual LED strips and dual light guide plates to control the left and right viewing areas separately, achieving switchable privacy protection. Because of the optical film materials, added lenses, or specific module settings, these modules cannot switch between dual-view mode and shared mode.

[0073] An embodiment of this utility model provides a display module. Specifically, the display module includes: a backlight structure; a first controllable grating located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure, the first controllable grating including first display units and second display units alternately distributed in the row and column direction, the first display units being configured to display a first image, and the second display units being configured to display a second image; and a second controllable grating located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure, the second controllable grating including a plurality of grating units, the grating units being configured to remain in a light-transmitting state when no voltage is applied, and to change from a light-transmitting state to a light-blocking state when a voltage is applied.

[0074] This design allows for the switching between three display modes—shared mode, dual-view mode, and privacy mode—by utilizing the combined effect of two controllable gratings, thus enriching the application scenarios of display products.

[0075] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the first controllable grating of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] By way of example, in an embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 3 A display module 100 is provided. The display module 100 may include: a backlight structure 1, the light emitted by the backlight structure 1 is emitted outward along a second direction Z; a first controllable grating 2, the first controllable grating 2 is located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure 1, the first controllable grating 2 includes a first display unit 21 and a second display unit 22 alternately distributed in the row and column direction, the first display unit 21 is configured to display a first image, and the second display unit 22 is configured to display a second image; and a second controllable grating 3, the second controllable grating 3 is located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure 1, the second controllable grating 3 includes a plurality of grating units 30, the grating units 30 are configured to remain in a light-transmitting state when no voltage is applied, and to change from a light-transmitting state to a light-blocking state when a voltage is applied.

[0077] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The first display unit 21 includes a plurality of first pixels 210, and the second display unit 22 includes a plurality of second pixels 220.

[0078] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this utility model, the alternating arrangement of the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 in the row and column direction refers to the alternating arrangement of the plurality of first pixels 210 in the first display unit 21 and the plurality of second pixels 220 in the second display unit 22 in the row and column direction.

[0079] For example, multiple first pixels 210 and multiple second pixels 220 are arranged alternately in an array along a first direction X and a third direction Y. The first direction X and the third direction Y intersect, and both the first direction X and the third direction Y are perpendicular to the light emission direction Z of the display module. Specifically, the first direction X is parallel to the extension direction of a row of pixels in the display module; the third direction Y is parallel to the extension direction of a column of pixels in the display module; the third direction Y can also be called the column direction of pixels. Through the design of multiple first pixels 210 and multiple second pixels 220 arranged alternately in an array along the first direction X and the third direction Y, the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 can be arranged alternately in the row and column directions.

[0080] For example, in the first direction X, two adjacent first pixels 210 are separated by a second pixel 220, and two adjacent second pixels 220 are separated by a first pixel 210.

[0081] For example, in the third direction Y, two adjacent first pixels 210 are separated by a second pixel 220, and two adjacent second pixels 220 are separated by a first pixel 210.

[0082] For example, the first controllable grating 2 also includes a plurality of black matrices 23. The plurality of black matrices 23 are located between adjacent first pixels 210 and second pixels 220.

[0083] By combining multiple black matrices 23 and multiple grating units 30, the light emitted from the backlight structure 1 can be directed in a specific direction after passing through the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3, thereby achieving directional light control.

[0084] In some embodiments, by adjusting the driving signals of the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22, the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 can be controlled to display the same content or display different content.

[0085] In some embodiments, the driving signals of the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 can be adjusted to control the first display unit 21 to be turned off (i.e., not displaying a screen) and the second display unit 22 to be turned on (i.e., displaying a screen); or the first display unit 21 can be turned on (i.e., displaying a screen) and the second display unit 22 can be turned off (i.e., not displaying a screen).

[0086] In some embodiments, by adjusting the driving signals of the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22, independent control of a local area of ​​the first display unit 21 and / or a local area of ​​the second display unit 22 can also be achieved.

[0087] For example, at least a portion of the first display unit 21 and at least a portion of the second display unit 22 display the same image.

[0088] For example, at least a portion of the first display unit 21 and at least a portion of the second display unit 22 display different images.

[0089] For example, at least a portion of the first display unit 21 does not display a screen, while at least a portion of the second display unit 22 displays a screen.

[0090] For example, at least a portion of the first display unit 21 displays a screen, while at least a portion of the second display unit 22 does not display a screen.

[0091] By adjusting the display screens of the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22, and combining the directional light control of the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3, various display modes such as sharing mode, dual-view mode, privacy mode, partial sharing mode, partial dual-view mode and partial privacy mode can be achieved.

[0092] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the structure of the second controllable grating of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0093] By way of example, in an embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 5 The second controllable grating 3 may include a first substrate 31; a first electrode layer 32 located on one side of the first substrate 31; a hydrophobic insulating layer 33 located on the side of the first electrode layer 32 away from the first substrate 31; a pixel wall 34 located on the side of the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 away from the first substrate 31; a plurality of black inks 35 located on the side of the pixel wall 34 away from the first substrate 31; an aqueous solution 36 located on the side of the pixel wall 34 away from the first substrate 31; a second electrode layer 37 located on the side of the aqueous solution 36 away from the first substrate 31; and a second substrate 38 located on the side of the second electrode layer 37 away from the first substrate 31.

[0094] For example, the first electrode layer 32 includes a first electrode covering the entire surface, and the second electrode layer 37 includes a second electrode covering the entire surface.

[0095] For example, the materials of the first electrode layer 32 and the second electrode layer 37 include transparent conductive materials, which is beneficial to improving the overall light transmittance of the second controllable grating.

[0096] For example, the pixel wall 34 defines a plurality of receiving spaces 340. For example, the pixel wall 34 may be formed of an insulating material. By etching a local area of ​​the insulating material, a plurality of structures with protrusions around the edges and a recess in the center (e.g., the middle material is completely etched) are formed, thereby defining a plurality of receiving spaces 340.

[0097] For example, black ink 35 may be located in the receiving space 340.

[0098] For example, the aqueous solution 36 may be located in the containment space 340.

[0099] In some embodiments, the black ink 35 and the aqueous solution 36 may both be located in the accommodating space 340, and the black ink 35 and the aqueous solution 36 together may partially or completely fill the accommodating space 340.

[0100] By designing the location and size of the accommodating space, the flow range of black ink and water-based solution can be adjusted, thereby controlling the light-blocking state of specific areas of the pixel.

[0101] For example, the black ink 35 has electrowetting properties. With this design, the spreading state of the black ink 35 on the surface of the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 can be adjusted by energizing the first electrode layer 32 and the second electrode layer 37, thereby enabling the second controllable grating 3 to freely switch between a light-blocking state and a light-transmitting state.

[0102] For example, black ink 35 and aqueous solution 36 have the same density and are immiscible. It should be noted that "the same density" here means that the ratio of the density of black ink 35 to the density of aqueous solution 36 is in the range of 0.8-1.2.

[0103] This design improves the fluidity of black ink when energized, thereby increasing the switching speed of the second controllable grating between light-blocking and light-transmitting states.

[0104] Figure 6A This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is not powered on, showing the black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer. Figure 6B This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention after being powered on, showing the black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer.

[0105] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 5 and Figure 6A The hydrophobic insulating layer 33 may include multiple first openings 331. For example, a portion of the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 near the edge of the receiving space 340 may be etched, such that at least a portion of the edge of the receiving space 340 is not under the hydrophobic insulating layer 33. When no power is applied, due to the poor wetting between the black ink 35 and the hydrophobic insulating layer 33, the black ink 35 will converge to the edge region of the pixel wall (i.e., the region without the hydrophobic insulating layer underneath), thereby making the entire grating unit 30 transparent.

[0106] Combined with reference Figure 5 and Figure 6B After applying voltage to the first electrode layer 32 and the second electrode layer 37, the wettability between the black ink 35 and the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 is improved, and the black ink 35 spreads out in the receiving space 340, thereby making the entire grating unit 30 opaque.

[0107] This design allows for quick switching between the light-transmitting and light-blocking states of the second controllable grating, making it easier to combine it with the first controllable grating to achieve switching between multiple display modes for the display product.

[0108] In embodiments of this invention, the second controllable grating uses an electrowetting grating unit to freely switch between light-transmitting and light-blocking states, eliminating the need for an additional polarizer. Compared to traditional liquid crystal grating structures, the second controllable grating in this invention is thinner, has lower dark-state transmittance, and no viewing angle limitation. Compared to traditional liquid crystal grating structures, display modules employing a second controllable grating with electrowetting properties can improve the dual-view and privacy protection effects of display products.

[0109] Figure 7 This is a plan view of the opening shape of the hydrophobic insulating layer of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 6A and Figure 7 The hydrophobic insulating layer 33 has a plurality of first openings 331, at least a portion of the first openings 331 having their orthogonal projections on the first substrate fall into the side region of the orthogonal projection of the receiving space 340 on the first substrate.

[0111] In some embodiments, to reduce the impact of black ink on the display effect of the display product when the grating unit is in a light-transmitting state, the shape of the first opening 331 in the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 is optimized. For example, referring to... Figure 7(a)-(q) The shape of at least a portion of the first opening 331 projected onto the first substrate includes at least one of the following: a line, an L-shape, a U-shape, or a square shape. This design allows the black ink to be positioned as close as possible to the edge of the receiving space when power is off, and the area of ​​the black ink that blocks light to be as closely fitted as possible to the pixel wall (i.e., reducing the spacing between the side of the black ink furthest from the pixel wall and the pixel wall), thereby reducing the adverse effects of the black ink on the display effect.

[0112] Figure 8A and Figure 8B These are two fabrication flowcharts for the second controllable grating of the display module according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0113] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 5 The first substrate 31 may include a TFT substrate, for example, a driving substrate, and the second substrate 38 may include a CF substrate, for example, a color filter substrate.

[0114] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 5 and Figure 8A The preparation method of the second controllable grating 3 may include the following steps S01-S03.

[0115] In step S01, a transparent electrode (e.g., the first electrode layer 32), a hydrophobic insulating layer 33, and a pixel wall 34 are sequentially fabricated on the TFT substrate.

[0116] In step S02, a transparent electrode (e.g., a second electrode layer 37) is fabricated on the CF substrate.

[0117] In step S03, black ink 35 and aqueous solution 36 are filled into the receiving space 340 of the pixel wall 34 on one side of the TFT substrate, adhesive is formed in the edge area on one side of the CF substrate, and then the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are fixedly connected by adhesive (i.e., cell connection is achieved) to form a second controllable grating.

[0118] In other embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 5 and Figure 8B The preparation method of the second controllable grating 3 may include the following steps S11-S13.

[0119] In step S11, a transparent electrode (e.g., the first electrode layer 32) and a hydrophobic insulating layer 33 are sequentially fabricated on the TFT substrate.

[0120] In step S12, a transparent electrode (e.g., a second electrode layer 37) and a pixel wall 34 are fabricated on the CF substrate.

[0121] In step S13, black ink 35 and aqueous solution 36 are filled into the receiving space 340 of the pixel wall 34 on one side of the CF substrate, adhesive is formed in the edge area on one side of the TFT substrate, and then the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are fixedly connected by adhesive (i.e., cell connection is achieved) to form a second controllable grating.

[0122] In some embodiments, the second controllable grating 3 can independently control the light transmission and light blocking states of a local area. For example, the first electrode layer can be patterned to form multiple arrayed first electrodes. By designing a driving circuit layer between the first electrode layer and the first substrate, the multiple first electrodes can be independently controlled using the driving circuit layer, thereby realizing the switching of the light blocking and light transmission states of a local area of ​​the second controllable grating.

[0123] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the structure of the second controllable grating of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10A This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the drive circuit layer, black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is not powered on. Figure 10B This is a partial planar schematic diagram of the display module according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the driving circuit layer, black ink, pixel wall, and first electrode layer after power-on.

[0124] By way of example, in an embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 9 The second controllable grating 3 may include a first substrate 31; a first electrode layer 32 located on one side of the first substrate 31; a hydrophobic insulating layer 33 located on the side of the first electrode layer 32 away from the first substrate 31; a pixel wall 34 located on the side of the hydrophobic insulating layer 33 away from the first substrate 31; a plurality of black inks 35 located on the side of the pixel wall 34 away from the first substrate 31; an aqueous solution 36 located on the side of the pixel wall 34 away from the first substrate 31; a second electrode layer 37 located on the side of the aqueous solution 36 away from the first substrate 31; and a second substrate 38 located on the side of the second electrode layer 37 away from the first substrate 31.

[0125] For example, the first electrode layer 32 includes a plurality of first electrodes 320 arranged in an array, and the second electrode layer 37 includes a second electrode covering the entire surface.

[0126] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 9 and Figure 10A The orthographic projections of multiple receiving spaces 340 on the first substrate fall within the orthographic projections of multiple first electrodes 320 on the first substrate. Black ink 35 and aqueous solution 36 are located in the receiving spaces 340.

[0127] Exemplarily, the second controllable grating 3 further includes a driving circuit layer 39 located between the first substrate 31 and the first electrode layer 32. The driving circuit layer 39 is configured to adjust the energizing state of the plurality of first electrodes 320 according to the display mode, so as to control the light-transmitting state or light-blocking state of the plurality of grating units 30 respectively. Exemplarily, the display mode may include at least one of a shared mode, a dual-view mode, a privacy mode, a partial shared mode, a partial dual-view mode, and a partial privacy mode.

[0128] For example, the driving circuit layer 39 may include a gate metal layer 391, a gate insulating layer 392, an active layer 393, and a source-drain metal layer 394. The driving circuit layer 39 may include a plurality of thin-film transistors 390, which can be used to control the energizing state of a plurality of first electrodes 320 respectively.

[0129] Combined with reference Figure 10A and Figure 10B The driving circuit layer 39 enables independent control of multiple grating units 30 in the second controllable grating 3. For example, it can control a portion of the multiple grating units 30 to be in a light-blocking state, while another portion is in a light-transmitting state. This design allows for independent control of the light-transmitting and light-blocking states of local areas of the second controllable grating. On one hand, it facilitates integration with the first controllable grating to achieve directional light control of the display module. On the other hand, it enables zoned control, allowing for different display modes in multiple zones, such as combined displays of local shared display, local dual-view display, local privacy display, or one or more other display modes.

[0130] Figure 11A and Figure 11B These are two fabrication flowcharts for the second controllable grating of the display module according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0131] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 9 and Figure 11A The first substrate 31 may include a TFT substrate, for example, a driving substrate, and the second substrate 38 may include a CF substrate, for example, a color filter substrate.

[0132] For example, the method for fabricating the second controllable grating 3 may include the following steps S21-S23.

[0133] In step S21, a gate metal layer 391 (also called Gate), a gate insulating layer 392 (also called GI), an active layer 393 (also called ACT), a source drain metal layer 394 (also called SD), a lower transparent electrode (e.g., the first electrode layer 32), a hydrophobic insulating layer 33, and a pixel wall 34 are sequentially fabricated on the TFT substrate.

[0134] In step S22, a transparent electrode (e.g., a second electrode layer 37) is fabricated on the CF substrate.

[0135] In step S23, black ink 35 and aqueous solution 36 are filled into the accommodating space of the pixel wall 34 on one side of the TFT substrate, adhesive is formed in the edge area on one side of the CF substrate, and then the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are fixedly connected by adhesive (i.e., cell connection is achieved) to form a second controllable grating.

[0136] For example, during the fabrication of the lower transparent electrode (e.g., the first electrode layer 32), a patterning process can be performed on the lower transparent electrode to form a plurality of arrayed first electrodes 320 in the lower transparent electrode.

[0137] In other embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 9 and Figure 11B The method for preparing the second controllable grating 3 may include the following steps S31-S33.

[0138] In step S31, a gate metal layer 391 (also called Gate), a gate insulating layer 392 (also called GI), an active layer 393 (also called ACT), a source-drain metal layer 394 (also called SD), a lower transparent electrode (e.g., the first electrode layer 32) and a hydrophobic insulating layer 33 are sequentially fabricated on the TFT substrate.

[0139] In step S32, a transparent electrode (e.g., a second electrode layer 37) and a pixel wall 34 are fabricated on the CF substrate.

[0140] In step S33, black ink 35 and aqueous solution 36 are filled into the accommodating space of the pixel wall 34 on one side of the CF substrate, adhesive is formed in the edge area on one side of the TFT substrate, and then the TFT substrate and the CF substrate are fixedly connected by adhesive (i.e., cell connection is achieved) to form the second controllable grating.

[0141] This method can form a second controllable grating with zone control function. The second controllable grating does not require an additional polarizer, has a thinner overall thickness, and the black ink can make the grating unit in the second controllable grating have low transmittance when it is in the light-shielded state, which can reduce the probability of light leakage at a wide viewing angle, thereby improving the dual-view and privacy display effects of the display product.

[0142] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0143] Exemplary, in some embodiments of this utility model, reference is made to Figure 12The second controllable grating 3 is located between the first controllable grating 2 and the backlight structure 1.

[0144] For example, the display module 100 may further include: an optical adhesive layer 4 located on the side of the second controllable grating 3 away from the backlight structure 1; a first polarizing layer 5 located on the side of the optical adhesive layer 4 away from the backlight structure 1; and a second polarizing layer 6 located on the side of the first controllable grating 2 away from the backlight structure 1.

[0145] For example, the first controllable grating 2 may include a third substrate 27 and a fourth substrate 28, which can be fixedly connected by an adhesive portion 24.

[0146] The first controllable grating 2 may further include a driving chip 25 and a first flexible circuit board 26 disposed at the edge region of the third substrate 27. The driving chip 25 and the first flexible circuit board 26 can transmit control signals to the first controllable grating 2, so that the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 display the same or different images.

[0147] For example, the second controllable grating 3 may include a first substrate 31 and a second substrate 38, with a plurality of grating units 30 located between the first substrate 31 and the second substrate 38.

[0148] For example, the second controllable grating 3 may further include a second flexible circuit board 301 located in the edge region of the first substrate 31. Control signals can be provided to the second controllable grating 3 through the second flexible circuit board 301, thereby enabling the switching of light transmission and light blocking states in part or all of the region.

[0149] In some embodiments, the spacing between the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 in the second direction Z can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of one or more of the structures of the second substrate 38, the optical adhesive layer 4, the first polarizing layer 5 and the third substrate 27. Combined with the adjustment of the light-shielding area of ​​the grating unit 30, the directional adjustment of the light path of the emitted light can be achieved.

[0150] In some embodiments, by comprehensively adjusting the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3, various display effects such as shared display, dual-view display and privacy display can be achieved.

[0151] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a shared display of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14A and Figure 14B This is a simulated brightness distribution diagram of the display module under shared display according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0152] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 13In at least a portion of the display module, the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 in the first controllable grating 2 display the same image. Multiple grating units in the second controllable grating 3 are all in a light-transmitting state, meaning that the second controllable grating 3 does not substantially obstruct the light emitted from the backlight structure 1. The light emitted from the backlight structure 1 passes through the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 before being emitted outwards, allowing the same image to be displayed on the front of the display module 100, thus achieving shared display.

[0153] Figure 14A This is a brightness distribution diagram of the display module in shared mode obtained from simulation software. Figure 14B This is based on a simulation software diagram showing the relationship between brightness and viewing angle of the display module in shared mode. (Refer to a reference.) Figure 14A and Figure 14B In shared display mode, the brightness of the emitted light from the display module is highest at the front of the module (e.g., 0° viewing angle), and gradually decreases as the viewing angle increases. On different sides of the display module (e.g., left and right sides), the brightness of the emitted light is symmetrically distributed about the center of the display module.

[0154] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a dual-view display of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16A and Figure 16B This is a simulated brightness distribution diagram of the display module under dual-view display according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0155] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 15 In at least a portion of the display module, the first display unit 21 and the second display unit 22 in the first controllable grating 2 can display different images. For example, the first display unit 21 displays a first image, and the second display unit 22 displays a second image, with the contents of the first and second images being different.

[0156] At least some of the grating units 30 in the second controllable grating 3 are in a light-blocking state. The light emitted from the backlight structure 1 is first blocked by the grating units 30 and then directed towards the first controllable grating 2. After being blocked by the black matrix 23 in the first controllable grating 2, it is emitted outward. By adjusting the size and position of the grating units 30 and the black matrix 23, a portion of the light emitted from the backlight structure 1 can pass through the first display unit 21 and be emitted to a first side (e.g., the left side), thereby displaying a first image on the first side; another portion of the light emitted from the backlight structure 1 passes through the second display unit 22 and is emitted to a second side (e.g., the right side), thereby displaying a second image on the second side. With this design, dual-view display or partial dual-view display can be achieved.

[0157] Figure 16AIt is based on the brightness distribution diagram of the display module in dual-view mode obtained from simulation software. Figure 16B This is based on a simulation software diagram showing the relationship between brightness and viewing angle of the display module in dual-view mode. (Referencing a reference...) Figure 16A and Figure 16B In dual-view display mode, the brightness of the emitted light is relatively high within a specific viewing angle range on the first side X1 of the display module (e.g., near the left viewing angle β1), with the brightness being the highest at the left viewing angle β1 position. Users can see the content of the first image clearly in the area near the left viewing angle β1. At the same time, the brightness of the emitted light is relatively high within a specific viewing angle range on the second side X2 of the display module (e.g., near the right viewing angle β2), with the brightness being the highest at the right viewing angle β2 position. Users can see the content of the second image clearly in the area near the right viewing angle β2, thus achieving a better dual-view display effect.

[0158] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the privacy display of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18A and Figure 18B This is a simulated brightness distribution diagram of the display module under privacy display according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0159] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 17 In at least a portion of the display module, an external driving signal can control one of the first display units 21 and 22 in the first controllable grating 2 to be turned off and the other to be turned on. For example, the first display unit 21 displays an image, while the second display unit 22 does not display an image. In this way, the display module 100 can display an image on one side (e.g., the left side) and not display an image on the other side (e.g., the right side). This design enables right-side privacy protection (i.e., no image is displayed on the right side).

[0160] In other embodiments, the first display unit 21 can be controlled not to display the image, while the second display unit 22 displays the image, thereby achieving left-side privacy protection (i.e., the left side does not display the image).

[0161] Figure 18A It is based on the brightness distribution diagram of the display module in privacy mode obtained from simulation software. Figure 18B This is based on a simulation software diagram showing the relationship between the brightness and viewing angle of the display module in privacy mode. (Refer to a reference.) Figure 18A and Figure 18B On the left side of the 0° viewing angle, the brightness first increases and then decreases, reaching its maximum near the β1 viewing angle. Users can see a clear first image near the β1 viewing angle on the left side of the display module, while no image is displayed on the right side of the 0° viewing angle of the display module.

[0162] By independently controlling the first and second display units of the first controllable grating, and combining this with the light-blocking control of the grating unit of the second controllable grating, various display modes such as shared display, dual-view display, privacy display, partial shared display, partial dual-view display, and partial privacy display can be freely switched. Furthermore, the second controllable grating uses a black ink design with electrowetting properties, which not only provides excellent light-blocking effect, reducing the probability of light leakage at wide viewing angles, but also reduces the overall thickness of the display module, contributing to its thinner and lighter design.

[0163] In some embodiments, multiple parameters, such as the size of the grating units in the second controllable grating, the spacing between multiple grating units, and the spacing between the first and second controllable gratings, can be designed specifically according to the predetermined field of view and viewing distance, thereby achieving a better display effect.

[0164] Figure 19 This is an optical path diagram of the display module under dual-view display according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0165] For example, refer to Figure 19 At least a portion of the black matrix 23's orthogonal projection on the first substrate overlaps with at least a portion of the grating unit 30's orthogonal projection on the first substrate.

[0166] At least a portion of the black matrix 23 is projected onto the first substrate and falls into the gap region between the projected orthogonal projections of two adjacent grating units 30 onto the first substrate.

[0167] In dual-view mode, the display module satisfies the following formula:

[0168] sin(90-α1)=n*sin(90-α2) (1)

[0169] sin(90-β1)=n*sin(90-β2) (2)

[0170]

[0171] In the first direction X, the grating unit 30 has a first width D1, the distance between two adjacent grating units 30 is a, the black matrix 23 has a third width m, and the display pixel 200 has a fourth width P. The first direction X is perpendicular to the light emission direction of the display module. It should be noted that the fourth width P of the display pixel 200 can be equal to the sum of the widths of the first pixel 210 and an adjacent black matrix 23; or, the fourth width P of the display pixel 200 can be equal to the sum of the widths of the second pixel 220 and an adjacent black matrix 23.

[0172] In the second direction Z, the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 are spaced apart by a first distance H. The second direction Z is parallel to the light emission direction of the display module. α1 and β1 are angle values ​​that define the field of view range, S is the defined optimal viewing distance, and n is the equivalent refractive index of multiple components between the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3.

[0173] For example, the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 include multiple components such as a polarizer and an optical adhesive layer. The equivalent refractive index of the multiple components between the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 is n. It should be noted that... Figure 19 The dashed line 3' above the second controllable grating 3 is the equivalent position of the second controllable grating 3 calculated based on the equivalent refractive index n.

[0174] By presetting the values ​​of α1, β1, S, P, m and n, multiple values ​​such as the first width D1 of the grating unit 30, the spacing a between two adjacent grating units 30 and the spacing H between the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 can be calculated using the above formulas (1)-(5).

[0175] For example, the first width D1 is greater than the third width m.

[0176] For example, the number of black matrices 23 is greater than the number of grating units 30.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating are designed in combination according to the preset ranges of α1, β1, and S, so that the crosstalk range X3 and the effective viewing angle range Y3 of the display module are separated, thereby reducing the crosstalk between the two different images in dual-view mode and improving the dual-view display effect of the display module.

[0178] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0179] Exemplarily, in some embodiments, reference is made to Figure 20 The second controllable grating 3 can be located on the side of the first controllable grating 2 away from the backlight structure 1.

[0180] The display module 100 may further include: a first polarizing layer 5 located on the side of the first controllable grating 2 close to the backlight structure 1; a second polarizing layer 6 located on the side of the first controllable grating 2 away from the backlight structure 1; and an optical adhesive layer 4 located on the side of the second polarizing layer 6 away from the backlight structure 1.

[0181] Figure 21 This is an optical path diagram of the display module under dual-view display according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0182] For example, refer toFigure 21 In dual-view mode, the display module satisfies the following formula:

[0183] sin(90-α1)=n*sin(90-α2) (6)

[0184] sin(90-β1)=n*sin(90-β2) (7)

[0185]

[0186] In the first direction X, the grating unit 30 has a first width D1, the distance between two adjacent grating units 30 is a, the black matrix 23 has a third width m, and the display pixel has a fourth width P. The first direction X is perpendicular to the light emission direction of the display module. It should be noted that the fourth width P of the display pixel 200 can be equal to the sum of the widths of the first pixel 210 and an adjacent black matrix 23; or, the fourth width P of the display pixel 200 can be equal to the sum of the widths of the second pixel 220 and an adjacent black matrix 23.

[0187] In the second direction Z, the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 are spaced apart by a first distance H. The second direction Z is parallel to the light emission direction of the display module. α1 and β1 are angle values ​​defining the field of view range, S is the defined optimal viewing distance, and n is the equivalent refractive index of the multiple components between the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3. It should be noted that... Figure 21 The dashed line 2' above the first controllable grating 2 is the equivalent position of the first controllable grating 2 calculated based on the equivalent refractive index n.

[0188] By presetting the values ​​of α1, β1, S, P, m and n, multiple values ​​such as the first width D1 of the grating unit 30, the spacing a between two adjacent grating units 30, and the spacing H between the first controllable grating 2 and the second controllable grating 3 can be calculated using the above formulas (6)-(10).

[0189] In some embodiments, the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating are designed in combination according to the preset ranges of α1, β1, and S, so that the crosstalk range X3 and the effective viewing range Y3 of the display module are separated, thereby reducing the crosstalk between the two different images in dual-view mode and improving the dual-view display effect of the display module.

[0190] Optionally, embodiments of the present invention also provide a display device, which may include the aforementioned display substrate. The display device may include, but is not limited to, any product or component with display functionality, such as electronic paper, mobile phones, tablet computers, monitors, laptops, digital photo frames, and navigators. It should be understood that this display device has the same beneficial effects as the display substrate provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0191] While some embodiments of the general concept of this utility model have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general concept of this utility model, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, include: Backlight structure; A first controllable grating is located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure. The first controllable grating includes a first display unit and a second display unit that are alternately distributed in the row and column directions. The first display unit is configured to display a first image, and the second display unit is configured to display a second image. and The second controllable grating is located on the light-emitting side of the backlight structure. The second controllable grating includes a plurality of grating units, which are configured to remain in a light-transmitting state when no voltage is applied, and to change from a light-transmitting state to a light-blocking state when a voltage is applied.

2. The display module according to claim 1, wherein, The second controllable grating includes: a first substrate; a first electrode layer located on one side of the first substrate; a hydrophobic insulating layer located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the first substrate; a pixel wall located on the side of the hydrophobic insulating layer away from the first substrate; a plurality of black inks located on the side of the pixel wall away from the first substrate; an aqueous solution located on the side of the pixel wall away from the first substrate; a second electrode layer located on the side of the aqueous solution away from the first substrate; and a second substrate located on the side of the second electrode layer away from the first substrate. The black ink has electrowetting properties.

3. The display module according to claim 2, wherein, The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged in an array, and the second electrode layer includes a full-surface second electrode; The second controllable grating further includes a driving circuit layer located between the first substrate and the first electrode layer. The driving circuit layer is configured to adjust the energizing state of the plurality of first electrodes according to the display mode, so as to control the light transmission state or light blocking state of the plurality of grating units respectively. The display mode includes at least one of the following: sharing mode, dual-view mode, privacy mode, partial sharing mode, partial dual-view mode, and partial privacy mode.

4. The display module according to claim 3, wherein, The pixel wall defines multiple accommodating spaces, and the orthographic projections of the multiple accommodating spaces on the first substrate fall within the orthographic projections of the multiple first electrodes on the first substrate, with the black ink and the aqueous solution located in the accommodating spaces.

5. The display module according to claim 2, wherein, The first electrode layer comprises a first electrode covering the entire surface, and the second electrode layer comprises a second electrode covering the entire surface.

6. The display module according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein, The black ink and the aqueous solution have the same density and are immiscible.

7. The display module according to claim 4, wherein, The hydrophobic insulating layer has a plurality of first openings, and at least a portion of the first openings are projected onto the first substrate in a side region of the accommodating space as projected onto the first substrate.

8. The display module according to claim 7, wherein, The shape of at least a portion of the first opening projected onto the first substrate includes at least one of the following: a straight line, an L-shape, a U-shape, or a square shape.

9. The display module according to any one of claims 2-5 and 7-8, wherein, The first display unit includes a plurality of first pixels, and the second display unit includes a plurality of second pixels; The first controllable grating further includes a plurality of black matrices located between adjacent first pixels and second pixels, wherein at least a portion of the black matrices are projected onto the first substrate and at least a portion of the grating units are projected onto the first substrate. as well as At least a portion of the black matrix's orthographic projection on the first substrate falls into the gap region between the orthographic projections of two adjacent grating units on the first substrate.

10. The display module according to claim 9, wherein, The second controllable grating is located between the first controllable grating and the backlight structure; The display module further includes: an optical adhesive layer located on the side of the second controllable grating away from the backlight structure; a first polarizing layer located on the side of the optical adhesive layer away from the backlight structure; and a second polarizing layer located on the side of the first controllable grating away from the backlight structure.

11. The display module according to claim 10, wherein, In dual-view mode, the display module satisfies the following formula: In the first direction, the grating unit has a first width D1, the distance between two adjacent grating units is a, the black matrix has a third width m, and the display pixel has a fourth width P. The first direction is perpendicular to the light emission direction of the display module. In the second direction, the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating are spaced apart by a first distance H. The second direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display module. α1 and β1 are angle values ​​that define the field of view range, S is the defined optimal viewing distance, and n is the equivalent refractive index of multiple components between the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating.

12. The display module according to claim 9, wherein, The second controllable grating is located on the side of the first controllable grating away from the backlight structure; The display module further includes: a first polarizing layer located on the side of the first controllable grating close to the backlight structure; a second polarizing layer located on the side of the first controllable grating away from the backlight structure; and an optical adhesive layer located on the side of the second polarizing layer away from the backlight structure.

13. The display module according to claim 12, wherein, In dual-view mode, the display module satisfies the following formula: In the first direction, the grating unit has a first width D1, the distance between two adjacent grating units is a, the black matrix has a third width m, and the display pixel has a fourth width P. The first direction is perpendicular to the light emission direction of the display module. In the second direction, the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating are spaced apart by a first distance H. The second direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the display module. α1 and β1 are angle values ​​that define the field of view range, S is the defined optimal viewing distance, and n is the equivalent refractive index of multiple components between the first controllable grating and the second controllable grating.

14. The display module according to claim 11 or 13, wherein, The first width is greater than the third width.

15. The display module according to any one of claims 10-13, wherein, The number of black matrices is greater than the number of grating units.

16. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display module as described in any one of claims 1-15.

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