Submerged plant diversity restoration biological window

Abstract

The utility model provides a submerged plant diversity restoration biological window which is provided with a frame structure and a supporting structure, the supporting structure is arranged on one side or two sides of the frame structure, the frame structure is provided with a through containing cavity, and one or more submerged plants are planted in the containing cavity of the frame structure. A plurality of biological windows are arranged in a combined gathering manner or are detachably removed to form a repairable submerged plant group. According to the method, an economical and efficient engineering technology path can be provided for restoration of diversity of submerged plants in the damaged aquatic ecosystem and optimization construction of the healthy aquatic ecosystem, and the method has important significance on restoration of health of the aquatic ecosystem and improvement of water environment quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological restoration technology for water pollution, and in particular to a biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity. Background Technology

[0002] Economical and efficient ecological restoration technologies for polluted water bodies are urgently needed to improve the ecological environment of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Restoring the biodiversity of aquatic vegetation is key to the restoration or reconstruction of healthy aquatic ecosystems. A crucial task in lake ecological restoration is to transform lakes from turbid to clear water through the restoration of submerged plants. In the process of restoring damaged aquatic ecosystems, the restoration and reconstruction of healthy aquatic vegetation communities and their diversity represent a significant technical bottleneck hindering engineering practice.

[0003] Current methods for restoring submerged vegetation include the following:

[0004] 1. Bioremediation: It is the foundation of ecological restoration. The success of bioremediation depends mainly on the following three aspects: microbial activity, pollutant characteristics, and environmental conditions.

[0005] 2. Physical and chemical remediation: These are components of ecological restoration. In order to save on environmental governance costs, physical or chemical remediation is often used as a pretreatment stage for biological remediation.

[0006] 3. Phytoremediation: This is a basic form of ecological restoration. In general, phytoremediation encompasses almost all mechanisms of ecological restoration and is the fundamental form of ecological restoration.

[0007] However, among the existing restoration methods, very few projects can achieve both good governance results and good technical and economic indicators. Utility Model Content

[0008] To at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a bio-window for the restoration of submerged plant diversity. By setting up regional semi-isolated spaces in the water body and introducing suitable plants, the restoration of submerged plant diversity is achieved, resulting in a better treatment effect.

[0009] The following technical solution is adopted in this application:

[0010] This application provides a biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity, which has a frame structure and a support structure. The support structure is located on one or both sides of the frame structure. The frame structure has a through cavity. One or more submerged plants are planted in the cavity of the frame structure. Multiple biowindows are arranged in a combined cluster or can be detached to form a restorative submerged plant group.

[0011] Furthermore, the frame structure has a through-hole, in which one or more submerged plants are planted, and the multiple biological windows are arranged in a combined cluster or can be detached to form a restorative submerged plant group.

[0012] Furthermore, the frame structure has a closed upper and lower frame, the upper and lower frame have the same or different outlines, the upper and lower frame are connected by columns, and the frame structure is surrounded by a maintenance net to form a through cylindrical cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the outlines of the upper and lower borders are circular, elliptical, or irregular shapes adapted to the natural site conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, the aperture of the protective netting is mm, and the protective netting is made of transparent material.

[0015] Furthermore, the frame structure is formed by pluggable connection of rods, which are made of steel pipes or bamboo and wood materials, and the rods are connected by two-way or three-way connectors for pluggable connection.

[0016] Furthermore, the frame structure also has a fixing rod, which is connected between the upper frame and the lower frame to reinforce the receiving cavity. The fixing rod is formed by a pluggable connection of the rod members.

[0017] Furthermore, the support structure is an inclined support structure, which is disposed on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure, and is formed by a pluggable connection of rods.

[0018] Furthermore, the multiple biological windows are arranged in a clustered pattern, forming a triangular group, which may be one or more.

[0019] Furthermore, one of the three-part triangular groups comprises three biological windows arranged in an equilateral triangle, wherein the distance between the boundaries of two adjacent biological windows is equal to the diameter of one biological window.

[0020] Furthermore, the plurality of the triangular groups include at least three triangular groups distributed in an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length of a triangular group.

[0021] A submerged plant diversity restoration bio-window provided by the present application obtains the location information of the water area to be restored, and the location information includes latitude information; determines the target size of the bio-window according to the latitude information; prepares the bio-window according to the target size of the bio-window, and arranges the bio-window in the water area so that the bio-window is set in the water area in a single or community form; plants submerged plants in the bio-window; cultivates the submerged plants with a preset restoration period to achieve the restoration of submerged plant diversity, providing an economical and efficient engineering technical path for the restoration of submerged plant diversity in damaged water ecosystems in China and the optimized construction of healthy aquatic ecosystems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for description in the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the restoration method provided by the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a bio-window structure provided by the present application; <​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​In areas with monoculture and dense aquatic vegetation, biowindows, essential for healthy vegetation communities, are often lacking. This application provides a biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity. Each biowindow plays a crucial role in maintaining the composition, functional structure, and biodiversity of its internal community, serving as a primary driver of community diversity succession. These biowindows are vital for vegetation community renewal and co-evolution with the environment, significantly contributing to the dynamic succession and ecological function optimization of vegetation systems. By artificially regulating biowindows, the degradation of aquatic vegetation community diversity can be reversed, promoting healthy succession and providing a significant technical approach for the restoration or reconstruction of aquatic ecosystems. This has substantial implications for the healthy restoration of aquatic ecosystems and the improvement of water quality in my country.

[0032] See Figure 1-5 This application provides a biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity, which has a frame structure and a support structure. The support structure is located on one or both sides of the frame structure. The frame structure has a through cavity. One or more submerged plants are planted in the cavity of the frame structure. Multiple biowindows are arranged in a combined cluster or can be detached to form a restorative submerged plant group.

[0033] The frame structure has a closed upper frame 1 and a lower frame 2, the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 have the same or different outlines, the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 are connected by a column 3, and the circumferential side of the frame structure is provided with a maintenance net 6 to form a through cylindrical cavity.

[0034] The outlines of the upper border 1 and the lower border 2 are circular, elliptical, or irregular shapes adapted to the natural site conditions.

[0035] The mesh size of the protective netting 6 is 10mm, and the protective netting 6 is made of transparent material.

[0036] The frame structure is formed by pluggable connection of rods, which are made of steel pipes or bamboo and wood materials. The rods are connected to each other by two-way or three-way connectors.

[0037] The frame structure also includes a fixing rod 4, which is connected between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to reinforce the accommodating cavity. The fixing rod 4 is formed by a pluggable connection of rods.

[0038] The supporting structure is a diagonal support structure 5, which is located on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure. The diagonal support structure 5 is formed by pluggable connection of rods.

[0039] Among them, the multiple biological windows are arranged in a clustered pattern, which is a triangular group, and the triangular group can be one or more.

[0040] One of the three bio-windows in the triangular group comprises three bio-windows arranged in an equilateral triangle, wherein the distance between the boundaries of two adjacent bio-windows is equal to the diameter of one bio-window.

[0041] Among them, the plurality of the triangular groups include at least three triangular groups distributed in an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length of a triangular group.

[0042] The method for restoring submerged plant diversity based on the aforementioned biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: Obtain the location information of the water area to be repaired, including latitude information;

[0044] S2: Determine the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information;

[0045] S3: Prepare biological windows according to the target size of the biological windows, and arrange the biological windows in the water area so that the biological windows are set in the water area in the form of a single or community;

[0046] S4: Plant submerged plants in the biological window;

[0047] S5: Cultivate the submerged plants according to a preset repair cycle.

[0048] The above-mentioned serial numbers do not constitute a limitation on the implementation steps of this application, but are added only for the convenience of explanation below. For example, step S4 can be implemented after the preparation of the biological window in S3 is completed, that is, after the biological window is prepared, submerged plants are planted first, and then the biological window after planting is laid in the water area. This method of planting can be carried out outside the water and then transported to the corresponding water area, which is efficient and convenient; or step S4 can be implemented after step S3 is completed, that is, after the empty biological window is placed in the water area, plants are planted into the biological window. This direct planting method is conducive to improving the survival rate and ecological adaptability of plants. Different planting depths and densities can be implemented for different crops, which is flexible and targeted, while avoiding the loss during transportation in the pre-planting method.

[0049] In one embodiment provided in this application, determining the target size of the biological window based on the latitude information includes:

[0050] S201: Calculate the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information;

[0051] In aquatic ecological restoration projects, selecting an appropriate biological window size is key to restoring the diversity of submerged plant communities. The reference diameter of the biological window is calculated based on the local geographical latitude and solar altitude, the refractive index of water to light, and the water depth of the water area to be restored.

[0052] S202: When the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, determine the area value of the target size of the biological window according to the preset area threshold, and set the target size of the biological window according to the preset area threshold;

[0053] When the reference diameter exceeds a preset distance value, the target size of the biological window is set based on the reference diameter value.

[0054] The above-mentioned reference diameter is defined as follows: when the top of the bio-window is a circle, the reference diameter refers to the radius of the circle; when the top of the bio-window is not a circle, the reference diameter refers to half of the minimum east-west tangent spacing of the top outline of the bio-window.

[0055] In one embodiment provided in this application, step S201, calculating the reference diameter of the biological window based on the latitude information, includes calculating the minimum radius R at which the noon sunlight can illuminate the center position of the bottom of the biological window during the spring and autumn equinoxes at that latitude. (See [link to previous section]). Figure 4 In this embodiment, the biological window is circular, and its radius R is the reference diameter; the formula for calculating the distance R is:

[0056]

[0057] Where D represents the depth of the water; n1 represents the refractive index of light in air; n2 represents the refractive index of light in water; φ0 represents the geographical latitude of the point where the sun is directly overhead; and φ1 represents the local geographical latitude.

[0058] Specifically, in step S202, when the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed a preset area threshold, the area value of the target size of the biological window is determined according to the preset area threshold, and the target size of the biological window is set according to the preset area threshold. Taking shallow water as an example, when the calculated minimum radius R of the biological window is too small, and the area value corresponding to the reference diameter does not exceed the preset area threshold, for example, not exceeding 3m... 2 Then, the preset area threshold for the biological window is set to 3m. 2 Based on this threshold, the design area of ​​the biological window is set to be ≥3m². 2 .

[0059] In one embodiment provided in this application, considering the convenience and economy of constructing the biological window, the maximum reference diameter of the biological window is set to 3 times the water depth.

[0060] In one embodiment provided in this application, the cylindrical height of the biological window satisfies the following formula:

[0061] H = D + h + m

[0062] Where H represents the height of the biological window tube, D represents the depth of the water area, h represents the height of the top of the biological window above the water surface during the high-water season, and m is the depth of insertion into the mud.

[0063] In the above formula, the height H of the biological window is determined by the depth D of the water area. The top is slightly higher than the water depth during the high-water season of the water area involved in the project. There should be no gap between the bottom and the bottom sediment of the water area, and it should be inserted into the sediment. Therefore, the range of the height h of the top of the biological window above the water surface during the high-water season is set to be 10-15cm, and the range of the depth m of the bottom of the biological window inserted into the sediment is 10-15cm.

[0064] In one embodiment provided in this application, step S3, which involves preparing the biological window according to the target size of the biological window and distributing the biological windows in the water area, such that the biological windows are arranged individually or in clusters in the water area, includes...

[0065] S301: Based on the preset area threshold or reference diameter value, and combined with the projection shape of the biological window, set the target size of the biological window, wherein the target size of the biological window includes the perimeter of the biological window;

[0066] S302: Prepare the biological window according to the target size of the biological window, and deploy the biological window in the water area in a set pattern.

[0067] In one embodiment provided in this application, the set style is in a triangular group, see [link to application]. Figure 5 Based on the size of the water area, set up one or more triangular groups;

[0068] The triangular group includes three biological windows, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The distance 'a' between the boundaries of two adjacent biological windows is equal to the diameter 'd' of one biological window.

[0069] When the multiple triangular groups are clustered together, at least three triangular groups still adopt an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance b between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length c of a triangular group.

[0070] In one embodiment provided in this application, the total area of ​​all biological windows is set based on the total area of ​​the water body to be restored, the number of species categories, and the biomass density. For example, in areas with a high biomass density (e.g., reaching 8 kg / m³), the total area is determined. 2 For single-species restoration areas, the ratio of the total area of ​​all biological windows to the total area of ​​the restoration area is set to ≥5%.

[0071] The bio-window is a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom and mesh-like barriers on the side walls. Furthermore, the upper frame 1 and lower frame 2 can be the same size or different sizes, and can have the same shape or different shapes. That is, the bio-window only presents a basic cylindrical structure, but its upper and lower frames can be customized according to the plant to be implanted and the required ecological environment. For example, for light-loving plants, a bio-window that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom can be used; for light-averse plants, a bio-window that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom can be used. Of course, a cylindrical bio-window with consistent top and bottom shape can also be used.

[0072] Furthermore, the walls of the bio-window can be tightly enclosed with a 10mm aperture netting 6 to control large predatory fish from entering the bio-window. The netting 6 is secured to the wall structure with wire, cable ties, or rope. The netting 6 is made of nylon, polyethylene, or a composite fiber material of both. This method controls large predatory fish, preventing damage to the plants within the bio-window, while allowing small and micro-organisms to enter, thus ensuring the bio-window's adaptability and ecological balance in the restored water area.

[0073] The protective netting 6 can be made of transparent material to allow natural sunlight to reach the environment, maximizing the simulation of natural forms and avoiding the impact of sunlight on the ecology inside the biological window.

[0074] The shapes of the upper border 1 and the lower border 2 can be circular, elliptical, or any shape adapted to the natural site conditions (see appendix). Figure 3 (a, b, c).

[0075] In one embodiment provided in this application, the bio-window further includes a fixing rod 4 and an inclined support structure 5; the fixing rod 4 is connected between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 2 to reinforce the frame structure; the inclined support structure 5 is disposed on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure.

[0076] The upper frame 1, lower frame 2, column 3, fixing rod 4 and diagonal support structure 5 are rods, which can be made of steel pipe or bamboo and wood. The rods are pluggable and can be connected by two-way or three-way connectors to facilitate on-site assembly and removal after aquatic plant diversity restoration.

[0077] Example

[0078] Taking a certain body of water as an example, an experimental project for the restoration of submerged plant diversity was carried out using the method and apparatus provided in this application, which was dominated by the biowindow technology of this application.

[0079] Basic information about the test area: Geographical latitude: 38.8 degrees North. Water depth: 1.5 m, transparency: 1.7 m, COD: 26 mg / L, TP: 0.43 mg / L, TN: 1.5 mg / L. Total remediation area: 10,000 m².2 . Before restoration, the main submerged plants were Potamogeton crispus, along with a small amount of Ceratophyllum demersum and Chara sp., belonging to a dense single-species community of Potamogeton crispus, with a fresh weight biomass of up to 13 kg / m 2 , and there was an ecological imbalance in plant diversity. The entire restoration area was demarcated with enclosures.

[0080] Restoration measures: Based on the local geographical latitude, the reference diameter of the biological window was calculated to be 0.8 m. In this embodiment, a circular biological window was adopted, and the minimum radius of the circle was 0.8 m. Since the area of the circle corresponding to this radius was 2 m 2 , which did not exceed the preset area threshold. According to the preset area threshold of 3 m 2 , the area value of the target size of the biological window was determined, and the designed area was set to 9π m 2 . Based on this area, the target size of the biological window was calculated, that is, the radius was 3 m and the circumference was 6π m. Then, rods of the corresponding length could be selected for production. Exemplarily, the skeleton rods were galvanized pipes with a diameter of 32 mm, and the enclosure net was a nylon net with a pore size of 10 mm. 18 biological windows were arranged in a "pin" - shaped clustering layout, forming 6 "pin" - shaped groups. The total area of the biological windows was 508.68 m 2 , accounting for 5.08% of the total area of the restoration area. Before planting submerged plants in the biological windows, the original Potamogeton crispus was removed. The submerged plants planted in the biological windows were: Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton malaianus, and Hydrilla verticillata, a total of 4 species. Each biological window was planted with one type of submerged plant, and the 3 biological windows in a small "pin" - shaped group structure were planted with different species respectively. The planting density of all 4 species of submerged plants was 50 buds / m 2 , with a planting design of 10 buds / clump.

[0081] Situation after restoration: The restoration time was 2 plant growth cycles. At the beginning, there were only 3 species of plants, Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Chara sp., in the restoration area, and the Shannon diversity index was 0.39. At the end, there were 7 species of plants, Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Chara sp., Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton malaianus, and Hydrilla verticillata, in the restoration area, and the Shannon diversity index was 1.81. Refer to Table 1 - Comparison table of biological species and proportions before and after restoration.

[0082] Table 1 Comparison table of biological species and proportions before and after restoration

[0083] type pickled grass Goldfish algae Chara Potamogeton crispus Spikeweed Potamogeton malaise Elodea Shannon Diversity Index Before repair 90％ 3％ 7％ 0 0 0 0 0.39 After repair 21％ 25％ 16％ 10％ 8％ 17％ 3％ 1.81

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1 above, before restoration, Potamogeton crispus in the biological window was extremely abundant and the plant species were relatively single. After restoration, the content of other plants increased, and the content of Potamogeton crispus decreased to an equilibrium level. After restoration, the biomass structure of species was optimized, and the level of aquatic plant diversity was greatly improved.

[0085] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0086] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity, comprising a frame structure and a support structure, wherein the support structure is disposed on one or both sides of the frame structure, characterized in that, The frame structure has a through-hole, in which one or more submerged plants are planted. Multiple biological windows are arranged in a clustered manner or can be detached to form a restorative submerged plant group.

2. The biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame structure has a closed upper frame (1) and lower frame (2), the upper frame (1) and lower frame (2) have the same or different outlines, the upper frame (1) and lower frame (2) are connected by a column (3), and the frame structure is surrounded by a protective net (6) to form a through cylindrical cavity.

3. The biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outlines of the upper border (1) and the lower border (2) are circular, elliptical, or irregular shapes adapted to the natural site conditions.

4. A biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mesh size of the enclosure net (6) is (10) mm, and the enclosure net (6) is made of transparent material.

5. A biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame structure is formed by pluggable connection of rods, which are made of steel pipes or bamboo and wood materials. The rods are connected to each other by two-way or three-way connectors for pluggable connection.

6. A biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame structure also has a fixing rod (4), which is connected between the upper frame (1) and the lower frame (2) to reinforce the accommodating cavity. The fixing rod (4) is formed by a pluggable connection of rods.

7. A biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting structure is an inclined support structure (5), which is located on the outside of the frame structure to support the frame structure. The inclined support structure (5) is formed by pluggable connection of rods.

8. A biowindow for submerged plant diversity restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple biological windows are arranged in a clustered layout in a triangular pattern, and the triangular pattern group can be one or more.

9. A biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity according to claim 8, characterized in that, A group of three biological windows is provided, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle and the distance between the boundaries of two adjacent biological windows is equal to the diameter of one biological window.

10. A biowindow for the restoration of submerged plant diversity according to claim 8, characterized in that, The plurality of the triangular groups include at least three triangular groups distributed in an equilateral triangular triangular structure, wherein the distance between two adjacent triangular groups is equal to the boundary length of a triangular group.

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