Diversion tunnel

Abstract

The utility model discloses a diversion tunnel. The diversion tunnel comprises a diversion tunnel body and an outlet open channel, the diversion tunnel body is constructed into an inclined exit, the exit section of the inclined exit is constructed into a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel, the open cut tunnel side of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel is provided with a retaining wall and a backfill layer located outside the retaining wall, and the backfill layer is used for connecting the base body and the retaining wall; the outlet open channel is communicated with the diversion tunnel body, the bottom surface of the outlet open channel is divided into a first area embedded into the base body and a second area extending out of the base body, a plurality of rotary excavating piles are arranged below the second area, and correspondingly, the second area is connected with the base body through the rotary excavating piles. The diversion tunnel body goes out of the hole through the inclined base body to replace an existing vertical hole-out mode, the hole line adjusting range of the diversion tunnel body is increased, the problem that the diversion tunnel body and the base body intersect with each other at a small angle to go out of the hole is solved, and construction convenience is improved. Connection and supporting of the outlet open channel are achieved by arranging the rotary excavating piles penetrating into the base body, stress on the covering layer is avoided, and the structural stability of the outlet open channel is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of diversion tunnel technology, and specifically to a diversion tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Water conservancy and hydropower projects are mostly located in high mountain and canyon areas with complex terrain and geological conditions. In order to construct water conservancy projects in riverbeds, it is necessary to create dry conditions for construction. In narrow river valleys, diversion tunnels are usually used to divert river water downstream.

[0003] In areas with limited space, such as high mountain and canyon areas, the adjustable range of the diversion tunnel line is extremely limited, making it difficult to arrange the diversion tunnel outlet. The tunnel can only intersect the mountain at a small angle, and the outlet area has a thick overburden layer, which affects the stability of the diversion tunnel outlet structure.

[0004] Therefore, how to reasonably arrange the outlet structure of the diversion tunnel in areas with complex terrain and geological conditions, limited adjustable range of the diversion tunnel line, and thick outlet cover layer has become an urgent problem to be solved in the construction of this hydropower project. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is how to reasonably arrange the outlet structure of the guide tunnel in an area with limited adjustable range and a thick outlet cover layer. The purpose is to provide a guide tunnel to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A diversion tunnel includes a diversion tunnel body and an outlet open channel;

[0008] The diversion tunnel is a sloping tunnel, and the exit section of the sloping tunnel is a semi-open tunnel. The open side of the semi-open tunnel is equipped with a retaining wall and a backfill layer located outside the retaining wall. The backfill layer is used to connect the base and the retaining wall.

[0009] The outlet channel is connected to the diversion tunnel body, and the bottom surface of the outlet channel is divided into a first area embedded in the base and a second area extending out of the base. Several rotary drilling piles are installed below the second area, and the second area is connected to the base through the rotary drilling piles.

[0010] In one possible design, part of the semi-lit tunnel is embedded in the substrate, while the rest extends out of the substrate. A retaining wall covers the part of the semi-lit tunnel that is outside the substrate. Accordingly, the retaining wall and the substrate form a perforated structure adapted to the body of the diversion tunnel.

[0011] In one possible design, the minimum thickness of the top of the retaining wall is 5m, and the top surface has a longitudinal slope of 8%-12%.

[0012] The minimum lateral thickness of the retaining wall is 7.5m. The outer surface of the retaining wall is divided into an upper sloping section and a lower support surface from top to bottom. The slope ratio of the upper sloping section is 1:0.3, and the lower support surface extends outward so that a support base is formed on the lower side of the retaining wall.

[0013] In one possible design, the backfill layer has a horizontal top surface and a sloping bottom surface. Accordingly, one end of the top surface is connected to the retaining wall, and the other end of the top surface extends outward. One end of the bottom surface extends downward at an angle and connects to the lower end of the retaining wall, and the other end of the bottom surface extends upward at an angle and connects to the end of the top surface.

[0014] In one possible design, the bottom surface of the backfill layer is divided into a first inclined section, a horizontal section and a second inclined section from top to bottom, and the slope ratio of the first inclined section and the second inclined section is 1:1.5. The horizontal section is parallel to the top surface of the backfill layer.

[0015] In one possible design, the axis of the diversion tunnel body has an angle α with the base body, and 0° < α < 90°.

[0016] In one possible design, the outlet open channel includes a bottom slab, outer sidewalls, and inner sidewalls;

[0017] The top surface of the base plate is connected to the outer side wall and the inner side wall at both ends respectively. Correspondingly, the base plate, the outer side wall and the inner side wall form a water guide channel for the outlet open channel. The inner side wall has two opposite outer surfaces, one of which is connected to the base and the other is opposite to the outer side wall.

[0018] Part of the base plate is embedded in the matrix, while the rest extends out of the matrix. Accordingly, the part of the base plate extending out of the matrix is ​​connected to the matrix by rotary drilling piles.

[0019] In one possible design, the outer sidewall has an opposing water-facing side and a water-repelling side. The water-facing side is opposite to the inner sidewall and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.2, while the water-repelling side faces outward and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.5.

[0020] Correspondingly, the outer sidewall is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, with a height of 20m-24m. The top of the outer sidewall has a top surface with a width of 1.25m-1.75m. The water-facing side of the inner sidewall is opposite to the outer sidewall and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.2.

[0021] In one possible design, the thickness of the base plate is 1.5m-2.5m, and the base plate is equipped with a deep anti-impact toothed wall.

[0022] In one possible design, the diameter of the rotary drilling pile is 1m-1.5m, the spacing between two adjacent rotary drilling piles is 0.8m-1.2m, and the length of each rotary drilling pile penetrating into the foundation is 0.8m-1.2m.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] The diversion tunnel body exits at an inclined base, replacing the existing vertical exit. This increases the adjustment range of the tunnel line, solves the problem of the diversion tunnel body intersecting the base at a small angle, increases construction convenience, and effectively avoids the diversion tunnel body outlet being too far from the original river channel. Rotary drilling piles, deeply embedded in the base, are used to connect and support the outlet open channel, preventing stress on the overburden layer and ensuring the structural stability of the outlet open channel. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a diversion tunnel.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the diversion tunnel.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outlet open channel.

[0029] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0030] 1. Diversion tunnel body; 2. Outlet open channel; 201. Bottom slab; 202. Outer sidewall; 203. Inner sidewall; 3. Semi-open tunnel; 4. Retaining wall; 5. Backfill layer; 6. Rotary drilling pile; 7. Additional backfill layer. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0032] Example:

[0033] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a diversion tunnel includes a diversion tunnel body 1 and an outlet open channel 2;

[0034] The diversion tunnel body 1 is constructed as an inclined tunnel, and the exit section of the inclined tunnel is constructed as a semi-open and semi-closed tunnel 3. The open side of the semi-open and semi-closed tunnel 3 is provided with a retaining wall 4 and a backfill layer 5 located outside the retaining wall 4. The backfill layer 5 is used to connect the base and the retaining wall 4.

[0035] The outlet channel 2 is connected to the diversion tunnel body 1, and the bottom surface of the outlet channel 2 is divided into a first region embedded in the base and a second region extending out of the base. Several rotary drilling piles 6 are provided below the second region, and the second region is connected to the base through the rotary drilling piles 6.

[0036] The diversion tunnel adopts an inclined exit, meaning the diversion tunnel body 1 exits at an angle to the base, replacing the existing vertical exit. For the opening of the diversion tunnel body 1, the exit section of the inclined exit is constructed as a semi-open, semi-closed tunnel 3, meaning the closed side of the tunnel is embedded in the base, while the open side is located outside the base. By setting retaining walls 4 outside the base, the retaining walls 4 cooperate with the side of the base to form the tunnel, ensuring the structural integrity and regularity of the diversion tunnel body 1, thus forming a complete tunnel. Based on the retaining walls 4, the diversion tunnel body 1 does not need to exit vertically, allowing the opening section of the diversion tunnel body 1 to extend outside the base. This increases the adjustment range of the tunnel line of the diversion tunnel body 1, solves the problem of the diversion tunnel body 1 intersecting the base at a small angle, increases construction convenience, and effectively avoids the outlet of the diversion tunnel body 1 being too far from the original river channel.

[0037] For retaining wall 4, the stability of its structure is increased by backfill layer 5 to ensure that the diversion tunnel body 1 achieves its design function and design service life.

[0038] Therefore, the selection of construction sites is more flexible and convenient, which facilitates engineering construction and minimizes the impact of the small-angle intersection between the diversion tunnel and the base on the outlet, effectively reducing the impact of the limited adjustable range on the structure of the diversion tunnel opening.

[0039] The overburden refers to loose deposits and sediments of various origins covering the bedrock. In the diversion tunnel, the tunnel body 1 is embedded in the bedrock, while the overburden is located outside the bedrock and in contact with the outlet channel 2. To address this, rotary drilling piles 6, which are installed deep within the bedrock, are used to connect the overburden and support the outlet channel 2, thus preventing stress on the overburden and ensuring the structural stability of the outlet channel 2.

[0040] As is easily understood, the substrate is generally constructed as a mountain or rock mass. Depending on the location of the diversion tunnel, the substrate can also be constructed as any other suitable structure.

[0041] In one possible implementation, part of the semi-bright tunnel 3 is embedded in the substrate, while the rest extends out of the substrate. The retaining wall 4 covers the part of the semi-bright tunnel 3 located outside the substrate. Accordingly, the retaining wall 4 and the substrate form a hole structure adapted to the diversion tunnel body 1.

[0042] Based on the above design, the part embedded in the substrate is the dark side of the semi-open tunnel 3, and the remaining part is the open side of the semi-open tunnel 3. A retaining wall 4 is installed outside the substrate to restrict the shape of the open side, thereby forming the diversion tunnel body 1. It is easy to understand that the retaining wall 4 can be made of concrete or any other suitable material.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the minimum thickness of the top of the retaining wall 4 is 5m, and the top surface is constructed with a longitudinal slope of 8%-12%.

[0044] The minimum lateral thickness of retaining wall 4 is 7.5m. The outer surface of retaining wall 4 is divided into an upper inclined section and a lower support surface from top to bottom. The slope ratio of the upper inclined section is 1:0.3. The lower support surface extends outward so that a support base is formed on the lower side of retaining wall 4.

[0045] Based on the above design scheme, the thickness of the retaining wall 4 is determined according to the diameter of the diversion tunnel body 1, and the lateral thickness of the retaining wall 4 is not less than 1 / 2 of the tunnel diameter to ensure the stable operation of the diversion tunnel body 1. Similarly, the backfill layer 5 outside the retaining wall 4 can also improve the stability of the diversion tunnel body 1.

[0046] The slope on the outer surface of retaining wall 4 effectively improves its drainage performance, preventing water accumulation and leakage, and helps extend its service life. It also helps define boundaries, resulting in a more rational and orderly spatial layout. Furthermore, the lower support surface forms a support base, further enhancing the structural stability of retaining wall 4.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the backfill layer 5 has a horizontal top surface and an inclined bottom surface. Accordingly, one end of the top surface is connected to the retaining wall 4, and the other end of the top surface extends outward. One end of the bottom surface extends downward at an incline and connects to the lower end of the retaining wall 4, and the other end of the bottom surface extends upward at an incline and connects to the end of the top surface.

[0048] Based on the above design scheme, backfill layer 5 is preferably made of soil and rock excavated from the diversion tunnel body 1, realizing the reuse of waste and reducing construction costs. The top surface of backfill layer 5 is level to facilitate movement of construction personnel and to help standardize construction practices. Its bottom surface is sloped, with the specific inclination angle adapted to the slope of the substrate, reducing the amount of construction work.

[0049] It is worth noting that in order to ensure the stability of the diversion tunnel body 1, the slope of the bottom surface of the backfill layer 5 can be limited. Specifically, the bottom surface of the backfill layer 5 can be divided into a first inclined section, a horizontal section and a second inclined section from top to bottom, and the slope ratio of the first inclined section and the second inclined section is 1:1.5. The horizontal section is parallel to the top surface of the backfill layer 5.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the axis of the diversion tunnel body 1 has an angle α with the base, where 0° < α < 90°. Based on the above design scheme, the oblique design increases the selectable range of the angle α, reducing the impact of the small-angle intersection between the diversion tunnel body 1 and the base on the outlet. The specific angle value can be selected according to the actual engineering situation, making it flexible in use.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the outlet open channel 2 includes a bottom slab 201, an outer sidewall 202, and an inner sidewall 203;

[0052] The top surface of the base plate 201 is connected to the outer side wall 202 and the inner side wall 203 at both ends respectively. Correspondingly, the base plate 201, the outer side wall 202 and the inner side wall 203 form a water guide channel for the outlet open channel 2. The inner side wall 203 has two opposite outer surfaces, one of which is connected to the base and the other is opposite to the outer side wall 202.

[0053] Part of the base plate 201 is embedded in the matrix, and the rest extends out of the matrix. Accordingly, the part of the base plate 201 that extends out of the matrix is ​​connected to the matrix by rotary drilling piles 6.

[0054] Based on the above design scheme, the base plate 201 is connected to the foundation through rotary drilling piles 6 so that the outlet open channel 2 does not need to be set along the foundation. This adapts to the inclined design of the diversion tunnel body 1, realizing the connection between the diversion tunnel body 1 and the outlet open channel 2, so that the water flows into the downstream river channel according to the design route, reducing the impact on the outlet area and the opposite bank river channel.

[0055] Based on factors such as the flow rate, outlet water depth, and flow velocity of the diversion tunnel body 1, the dimensions of each part of the outlet open channel 2 are designed. Specifically, in one possible design scheme, the outer sidewall 202 has a water-facing surface and a water-repellent surface. The water-facing surface is opposite to the inner sidewall 203 and is constructed as a slope with a gradient of 1:0.2. The water-repellent surface faces outward and is constructed as a slope with a gradient of 1:0.5.

[0056] Correspondingly, the outer sidewall 202 is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, with a height of 20m-24m. The top of the outer sidewall 202 has a top surface with a width of 1.25m-1.75m. The water-facing surface of the inner sidewall 203 is opposite to the outer sidewall 202 and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.2.

[0057] In one possible design, the thickness of the base plate 201 is 1.5m-2.5m, and the base plate 201 is provided with a deep anti-impact tooth wall.

[0058] Based on the above design scheme, the water-facing surfaces of both the outer sidewall 202 and the inner sidewall 203 are designed with twisted surfaces. This not only reduces the impact of water flow on the outlet open channel 2, but also improves the stability of the outlet open channel 2, ensuring stable operation and achieving the designed functions and service life. The bottom slab 201 is protected by a deep anti-scour wall, improving its anti-seepage, anti-slip, and anti-erosion performance.

[0059] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, if necessary, an additional backfill layer 7 is provided on the outer side of the outer sidewall 202. Based on this, the stability of the outlet open channel 2 is further improved by the additional backfill layer 7. Preferably, the additional backfill layer 7 is also made of soil and rock excavated from the construction of the diversion tunnel body 1.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the diameter of the rotary drilling pile 6 is 1m-1.5m, the spacing between two adjacent rotary drilling piles 6 is 0.8m-1.2m, and the length of each rotary drilling pile 6 penetrating into the foundation is 0.8m-1.2m.

[0061] Based on the above design scheme, the parameters of the rotary drilling pile 6 are adjusted according to the size, weight and other parameters of the outlet open channel 2 to ensure that the rotary drilling pile 6 plays a good supporting role and ensures the stability of the outlet open channel 2.

[0062] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A diversion tunnel, characterized in that, It includes the diversion tunnel body (1) and the outlet open channel (2); The main body of the diversion tunnel (1) is a sloping tunnel, and the exit section of the sloping tunnel is a semi-open and semi-closed tunnel (3). The open side of the semi-open and semi-closed tunnel (3) is provided with a retaining wall (4) and a backfill layer (5) located outside the retaining wall (4). The backfill layer (5) is used to connect the base and the retaining wall (4). The outlet channel (2) is connected to the diversion tunnel body (1), and the bottom surface of the outlet channel (2) is divided into a first area embedded in the substrate and a second area extending out of the substrate. Several rotary drilling piles (6) are provided below the second area. Correspondingly, the second area is connected to the substrate through the rotary drilling piles (6).

2. The diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Part of the semi-bright tunnel (3) is embedded in the matrix, and the rest extends out of the matrix. The retaining wall (4) covers the part of the semi-bright tunnel (3) located outside the matrix. Accordingly, the retaining wall (4) and the matrix form a hole structure adapted to the body of the diversion tunnel (1).

3. The diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum thickness of the top of the retaining wall (4) is 5m, and the top surface has a longitudinal slope of 8%-12%. The minimum lateral thickness of the retaining wall (4) is 7.5m. The outer side of the retaining wall (4) is divided into an upper inclined section and a lower support surface from top to bottom. The slope ratio of the upper inclined section is 1:0.

3. The lower support surface extends outward so that a support seat is formed on the lower side of the retaining wall (4).

4. The diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backfill layer (5) has a horizontal top surface and an inclined bottom surface. Accordingly, one end of the top surface is connected to the retaining wall (4), and the other end of the top surface extends outward. One end of the bottom surface extends downward at an incline and connects to the lower end of the retaining wall (4), and the other end of the bottom surface extends upward at an incline and connects to the end of the top surface.

5. The diversion tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the backfill layer (5) is divided into a first inclined section, a horizontal section and a second inclined section from top to bottom, and the slope ratio of the first inclined section and the second inclined section is 1:1.

5. The horizontal section is parallel to the top surface of the backfill layer (5).

6. The diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the diversion tunnel body (1) has an angle α with the base, and 0° < α < 90°.

7. The diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet open channel (2) includes a bottom slab (201), an outer sidewall (202), and an inner sidewall (203); The top surface of the base plate (201) is connected to the outer side wall (202) and the inner side wall (203) respectively. Accordingly, the base plate (201), the outer side wall (202) and the inner side wall (203) form a water guide channel for the outlet open channel (2). The inner side wall (203) has two opposite outer surfaces, one of which is connected to the base and the other is opposite to the outer side wall (202). Part of the base plate (201) is embedded in the matrix, and the rest extends out of the matrix. Accordingly, the part of the base plate (201) extending out of the matrix is ​​connected to the matrix by rotary drilling piles (6).

8. The diversion tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer sidewall (202) has a water-facing side and a water-repellent side. The water-facing side is opposite to the inner sidewall (203) and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.

2. The water-repellent side faces outward and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.

5. Correspondingly, the outer sidewall (202) is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, and its height is 20m-24m. The top of the outer sidewall (202) is provided with a top surface with a width of 1.25m-1.75m. The water-facing surface of the inner sidewall (203) is opposite to the outer sidewall (202) and is constructed as a slope with a ratio of 1:0.

2.

9. The diversion tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the base plate (201) is 1.5m-2.5m, and the base plate (201) is provided with a deep anti-impact tooth wall.

10. The diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the rotary drilling pile (6) is 1m-1.5m, the spacing between two adjacent rotary drilling piles (6) is 0.8m-1.2m, and the length of each rotary drilling pile (6) penetrating into the foundation is 0.8m-1.2m.

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