Integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming function
By integrating gasification and tar reforming in an integrated biomass gasifier, and through the design of the inner and outer cylinder structures and fluidized catalyst, the problems of tar blockage and temperature effects are solved, achieving efficient tar conversion and simplifying the system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520327379.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-02-27
AI Technical Summary
In existing biomass gasification hydrogen production processes, tar easily clogs equipment and wastes energy, and the efficiency of tar reforming reaction is affected by temperature, resulting in a complex system structure.
The biomass gasification and tar reforming are integrated into one unit. The inner cylinder is used for gasification, and the outer cylinder is used for tar reforming. Heat is transferred from the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder, and a fluidized catalyst is used to improve the contact area and reaction efficiency.
Simplify the system structure, improve the efficiency of tar reforming reaction, reduce the difficulty of operation, ensure temperature, and improve tar conversion efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN223852553U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass gasification hydrogen production relates to a kind of integrated biomass gasification furnace with tar reforming. BACKGROUND
[0002] Biomass thermochemical hydrogen production is that straw, wood and other raw materials are reacted with steam, pure oxygen and other gasification agents in a gasifier to produce hydrogen-rich synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and other components, and then pure hydrogen is obtained through synthesis gas purification and separation processes.
[0003] The hydrogen-rich synthesis gas obtained by biomass thermochemical hydrogen production contains a large amount of tar, which not only blocks the subsequent pipelines and equipment, but also wastes biomass energy as macromolecular organic matter, affecting the yield of effective gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) in the synthesis gas.
[0004] The most commonly used method at present is to set up a separate tar reforming reactor after the synthesis gas flows out of the gasifier, and by setting a fixed bed of tar reforming catalyst in the reactor, the tar reacts with steam, carbon dioxide and other gases in the synthesis gas under the action of the catalyst to produce small molecules of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other gases.
[0005] When this scheme is adopted, a separate tar reforming reactor is set up outside the gasifier, making the system structure complex. Moreover, the tar reforming reaction is greatly affected by temperature, and the reaction efficiency increases with the increase of temperature and decreases with the decrease of temperature. However, after the synthesis gas flows out of the gasifier through the conveying pipeline, it enters the tar reforming reactor, which may cause heat dissipation, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the synthesis gas, thereby affecting the efficiency of the tar reforming reaction. SUMMARY
[0006] In view of the defects or deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides an integrated biomass gasification furnace with tar reforming.
[0007] Therefore, the gasifier provided by the utility model comprises a main furnace body, a gasification and reforming zone and an ash and slag collection zone are arranged in the main furnace body, and along the axial direction of the main furnace body, the gasification and reforming zone is located above the ash and slag collection zone; an ash and slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the ash and slag collection zone;
[0008] An inner furnace body is installed in the gasification and reforming zone, and the inner furnace body is coaxially arranged with the main furnace body, the inner furnace body is a gasification zone, and the area between the outer wall of the inner furnace body and the inner wall of the main furnace body is a reforming zone;
[0009] A biomass inlet and a gasification agent inlet are arranged at the top of the inner furnace body, the bottom of the inner furnace body is a grate structure, and the inner furnace body is communicated with the ash and slag collection zone through the grate;
[0010] The main furnace body side wall of the reforming zone is provided with a catalyst inlet and outlet, and a synthetic gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the main furnace body side wall of the reforming zone; a gas fluidization component is arranged at the bottom of the reforming zone, and the reforming zone is communicated with the ash and slag collecting zone through the gas fluidization component, and the gasification zone is communicated with the reforming zone through the grate and the gas fluidization component.
[0011] Optionally, the inner diameter of the gasification zone gradually increases from the top to the bottom.
[0012] Optionally, the inner diameter of the reforming zone gradually increases from the bottom to the top.
[0013] Optionally, the inner furnace body is a conical structure.
[0014] Optionally, the inner cylinder body is composed of an upper vertical section, a middle conical flared section and a lower straight section of the inner furnace body.
[0015] Optionally, the gas fluidization component comprises a perforated plate and a plurality of air pipes, the perforated plate is in an annular structure, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the perforated plate, the perforated plate is installed at the bottom of the reforming zone, each air pipe is vertically installed in each through hole, the top end of each air pipe faces the reforming zone, the bottom end of each air pipe is open, and a plurality of air holes are arranged on the top end and the side wall of each air pipe.
[0016] Optionally, the ash and slag collecting zone is in an inverted conical structure.
[0017] Optionally, the main furnace body of the gasification and reforming zone is in an inner heat preservation structure.
[0018] Optionally, the main furnace body is in a vertical structure.
[0019] The utility model discloses a biomass gasification and tar reforming integrated reaction furnace, which realizes the functions of gasification and tar removal in the furnace, simplifies the system structure and reduces the operation difficulty. The biomass gasification is arranged in the inner cylinder, and the tar reforming is arranged in the outer cylinder. The heat of the inner cylinder is transferred to the outer cylinder, ensuring the temperature of the tar reforming reaction and improving the efficiency of the reforming reaction. The fluidized catalyst is used in the tar reforming, which improves the contact area of the tar and the catalyst and the efficiency of the reforming reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1The utility model discloses a gasification furnace structure example drawing, in the drawing, 1 - main furnace body, 2 - upper cylinder, 3 - inverted conical cylinder, 4 - ash outlet cylinder, 5 - inner furnace body, 6 - middle conical flared section, 7 - inner furnace body lower straight section, 8 - gas fluidization part, 9 - grate, 10 - unloading valve, 11 - biomass import, 12 - gasification agent import, 13 - synthesis gas export, 14 - ash outlet, 15 - catalyst import, 16 - waste catalyst export, 17 - heat preservation layer structure, 18 - catalyst unloading valve.
[0021] Figure 2 It is gas fluidization part's partial structure example drawing in the embodiment, in the drawing, 801 - air pipe, 802 - air hole, 803 - perforated plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Unless otherwise specified, scientific and technical terms used herein are understood according to the knowledge of the relevant person in the art.
[0023] The direction or orientation terms such as upper, lower, top, bottom, side, vertical and the like described herein are consistent with the relevant direction or orientation in the drawings of the specification, and it should be noted that the drawings of the specification are intended to explain the utility model, and the solutions obtained by equivalent transformation of the person skilled in the art based on the disclosure herein are within the protection scope of the utility model.
[0024] The utility model will be explained in detail in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] Embodiment:
[0026] Referring to Figure 1 The utility model discloses a biomass gasification furnace body includes main furnace body 1 (as shown in the drawing) and inner furnace body 5, wherein, the main furnace body is provided with gasification reforming area and ash collection area along the axial direction in, and gasification reforming area is located above ash collection area, and the bottom of ash collection area is equipped with ash outlet 14. Figure 1
[0027] The inner furnace body 5 is coaxially installed with the main furnace body in the gasification reforming area, and the inner furnace body is gasification area, and the area between the inner wall of the inner furnace body and the main furnace body is reforming area.
[0028] The inner furnace body top is equipped with gasification agent import 12 and biomass import 11, and the bottom is equipped with grate 9, so that gasification area is communicated with ash collection area through the grate.
[0029] The main furnace body upper portion of reforming area is equipped with synthesis gas export 13, and the side wall is equipped with catalyst import and export (as shown in the drawing), and the bottom is equipped with catalyst unloading valve 18. Figure 1 In the shown furnace structure, the main furnace sidewall is provided with a catalyst inlet 15 and a spent catalyst outlet 16, the spent catalyst outlet is provided with a catalyst discharge valve 18, and the catalyst inlet is higher than the catalyst outlet to facilitate the feeding and discharging of the catalyst; at the same time, the bottom annular area of the reforming zone is provided with a gas fluidization component 8, so that the gasification zone is communicated with the reforming zone through the grate, the ash collection area and the gas fluidization component.
[0030] At the beginning of the work, the ash outlet is closed (which can be controlled by setting the discharge valve 10) and the reforming zone is filled with an appropriate amount of tar reforming catalyst (such as perovskite oxide, hydrotalcite-like, alkali catalyst, etc.) through the catalyst inlet; start the grate 9 (the function of the grate is to discharge the ash and synthesis gas generated in the biomass gasification process. The reason for the initial start of the grate is to prevent the accumulation of too many biomass particles, which will cause the grate to be unable to start later);
[0031] After starting work, biomass particles are added to the gasification zone through the inlet, and after the biomass forms a certain height of fixed bed in the gasification reaction zone, the gasification agent (such as a mixture of steam and pure oxygen gas, etc.) is continuously introduced through the gasification agent inlet 12 according to a certain flow rate (the amount of steam and the amount of pure oxygen in the specific scheme are determined according to the amount of biomass feed into the furnace), and the biomass and the gasification agent undergo a gasification reaction in the gasification zone to generate hydrogen-rich synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and other components;
[0032] The hydrogen-rich synthesis gas enters the reforming zone through the grate, the space below the grate and the gas fluidization component; the tar reforming catalyst is suspended in this area under the fluidization action of the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, and the tar in the synthesis gas reacts with the steam and carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas under the action of the catalyst to decompose into hydrogen and carbon monoxide and other small molecule gases. This reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the reaction efficiency decreases with the decrease of temperature. The inner furnace body is made of a heat-conducting high-temperature material, which transmits the high temperature of the gasification zone to the reforming zone during the process, thereby ensuring the reforming efficiency of the tar; at the same time, the ash generated after the biomass gasification also enters the ash collection area through the grate 9 and is discharged from the ash outlet 14 of the gasification furnace.
[0033] In some schemes, in order to facilitate or accelerate the downward flow of synthesis gas, the inner diameter of the inner furnace body or the gasification zone gradually increases from the top to the bottom. In some other schemes, in order to reduce the flow rate of synthesis gas in the reforming zone and reduce the entrainment of synthesis gas to the tar reforming catalyst, the inner diameter of the reforming zone gradually increases from the bottom to the top, and the above-mentioned inner diameter change design of each functional area can be realized by setting the inner diameter or / and the outer diameter size of the inner furnace body. For example, the inner furnace body is designed as a conical flared structure, thereby satisfying the above-mentioned inner diameter change design scheme of the gasification zone and the reforming zone, more specifically as follows Figure 1 In the shown structure, the inner furnace body includes an inner furnace upper vertical section, a middle conical flared section 6 and an inner furnace lower straight section 7.
[0034] In some solutions, the cylinder structure of the ash collecting area is inverted conical structure for the convenience of collecting ash.
[0035] Further based on the above solutions, considering the convenience of processing and installation, the main furnace body 1 is assembled by the upper cylinder 2, the contraction section 3 connected with the upper cylinder, the ash outlet cylinder 4 connected with the contraction section, and the top cover on the top of the upper cylinder 2, and the gasification agent inlet and the biomass inlet are arranged on the top cover.
[0036] The gas fluidization component in the furnace body is used for promoting the synthesis gas to enter the reforming area, and ensuring the catalyst to be in fluidized state under the action of the synthesis gas, and increasing the contact area of the gas and the catalyst, and based on the function, the person skilled in the art can combine the structure knowledge of the related fields such as the fluidized bed to design the gas fluidized bed component meeting the installation and use requirements of the utility model. A specific gas fluidization component is shown in the drawing, which includes a perforated plate 803 and a plurality of air pipes 801. Figure 2 The perforated plate body is annular structure, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the perforated plate, the perforated plate is installed at the bottom of the reforming area, each air pipe is vertically installed in each through hole, and the top end of each air pipe faces the reforming area, the bottom end of each air pipe is open, and a plurality of ventilation holes 802 are distributed on the top end and the side wall of the air pipe.
[0037] In the specific solution, the reforming area furnace body side wall of the above main furnace body is provided with a heat preservation layer structure 17, and the outer cylinder heat preservation layer is located on the inner side of the outer cylinder, so that the heat dissipation of the outer cylinder can be reduced, thereby ensuring the temperature of the tar reforming reaction area.
Claims
1. An integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming comprising a main furnace body, characterized in that, The main furnace body is provided with a gasification and reforming zone and an ash collection zone, and the gasification and reforming zone is located above the ash collection zone along the axis of the main furnace body; the bottom of the ash collection zone is provided with an ash outlet; The gasification and reforming zone is provided with an inner furnace body, and the inner furnace body is coaxially arranged with the main furnace body, the inner furnace body is a gasification zone, and the area between the outer wall of the inner furnace body and the inner wall of the main furnace body is a reforming zone; The top of the inner furnace body is provided with a biomass inlet and a gasification agent inlet, the bottom of the inner furnace body is a grate structure, and the inner furnace body is communicated with the ash collection zone through the grate; The side wall of the main furnace body of the reforming zone is provided with a catalyst inlet and outlet, and the upper part of the side wall of the main furnace body of the reforming zone is provided with a synthesis gas outlet; the bottom of the reforming zone is provided with a gas fluidization component, and the reforming zone is communicated with the ash collection zone through the gas fluidization component, and the gasification zone is communicated with the reforming zone through the grate and the gas fluidization component.
2. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming according to claim 1, wherein, The inner diameter of the gasification zone gradually increases from top to bottom.
3. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming according to claim 1, wherein, The inner diameter of the reforming zone gradually increases from bottom to top.
4. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The inner furnace body is a conical structure.
5. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming according to claim 4, wherein, The inner cylinder body is composed of an upper vertical section of the inner furnace body, a middle conical flared section, and a lower straight section of the inner furnace body connected axially.
6. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming furnace according to claim 1, wherein, The gas fluidization component includes a perforated plate and a plurality of air pipes, the main body of the perforated plate is an annular structure, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the perforated plate, the perforated plate is installed at the bottom of the reforming zone, each air pipe is vertically installed in each through hole, the top end of each air pipe faces the reforming zone, the bottom end of each air pipe is open, and a plurality of ventilation holes are distributed on the top end and the side wall of the air pipe.
7. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming furnace according to claim 1, wherein, The ash collection zone is a reverse conical structure.
8. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming furnace according to claim 1, wherein, The furnace wall of the main furnace body of the gasification and reforming zone is an inner insulation structure.
9. The integrated biomass gasifier with tar reforming furnace according to claim 1, wherein, The main furnace body is a vertical structure.