Antenna with osseointegration capability and implant

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna with synostosis capability and an implant, and the antenna is used as a first synostosis part of the implant and is connected with an implant body to obtain a complete structure of the implant; the antenna comprises an antenna main body and a packaging structure for packaging the antenna main body, and the exposed surface of the packaging structure is provided with a first surface modification structure, so that the osseointegration capability of the antenna is effectively improved, the original shape of the implant does not need to be changed, the function realization of the implant is not influenced, and the function of wireless information transmission between the implant and an external reader-writer is added to the implant. And the application scene of the implant is expanded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to an antenna and implant with bone binding capacity. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the implant for realizing wireless signal transmission by using an antenna, the antenna and other devices such as a chip are integrated together for packaging, the whole packaging structure is large in size, which limits the area that can be placed on the implant, and only can be connected with the implant as an accessory; usually, the oversized packaging structure is not directly integrated as a characteristic part of the implant, otherwise, the difficulty in structural design and processing of the implant is increased, and the mechanical properties of the implant are also affected. At the same time, due to the limitation of the characteristics of the packaging material, the packaging process and the processing technology, it is difficult to directly make a surface morphology suitable for bone tissue adhesion and growth on the packaging structure of the antenna and other devices. These factors become obstacles when the antenna is integrated into the implant at the bone interface contact position.

[0003] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 An existing implant 920, for example, a tibial tray 920 implanted into a tibia 900, is composed of a tibial tray 930 and an accessory connected as a signal processing device 940; the signal processing device 940 is provided with an electronic assembly 943 and a battery 942 for supplying power to the electronic assembly 943, the electronic assembly 943 is provided with, for example, a sensor for monitoring the motion state of the tibia, a processor for processing the monitoring data and / or receiving and transmitting information, a memory for storing various data signals, and various auxiliary circuits, etc.; the electronic assembly 943 is connected with an antenna 945 for receiving and transmitting wireless signals, for example, the antenna 945 is used to transmit monitoring data to an external device, and receive control instructions transmitted by the external device, etc. The battery 942, the electronic assembly 943 and the antenna 945 are placed into a sleeve 941 for protection, the distal end of the sleeve 941 surrounds the part of the antenna 945, which is an antenna cover 944, and the proximal end of the sleeve 941 is provided with a joint hole 946 for installing a fixing screw, which is used to fixedly connect the signal processing device 940 with the tibial tray 930.

[0004] Since the signal processing device 940 encapsulates the antenna 945, the electronic component 943 and the battery 942 together, the volume of the signal processing device 940 is large, which limits the setting position of the signal processing device 940 on the tibial tray assembly 920, for example, cannot affect the combination of the implant and the bone tissue, and also needs to consider the mechanical properties of the implant itself, the implant space at the tibia, the operation during the operation, the recovery after the operation, the long-term use and various conditions. For example, only the implantation depth of the distal end of the tibial tray 930 needs to be considered, and a pre-holed hole with a corresponding depth is formed on the tibia 900; however, due to the large volume of the signal processing device 940, although the sleeve 941 outside the signal processing device 940 is made into a columnar shape to be inserted into the pre-holed hole to assist in fixing the tibial tray assembly 920, the antenna 945 needs a certain length to meet the signal receiving and transmitting performance requirements, and the length of the signal processing device 940 is difficult to reduce, so that the pre-holed hole of the tibia 900 needs to be increased in depth to form an extension section 910 for placing the newly added accessory signal processing device 940, which not only increases the complexity of the implant operation, but also may cause the patient to have a longer recovery period after the operation. The layout also limits the directional setting of the antenna 945, which cannot provide the best angle and affect the signal transmission effect; and it is difficult to increase the number of antennas 945, otherwise the volume of the entire structure will be larger; and only a single antenna 945, the anti-interference ability and fault tolerance of the signal processing device 940 are low, and if the antenna 945 fails or the performance decreases, the normal operation of the signal processing device 940 will be greatly affected. The implant 920 does not have a bone combination related requirement for the signal processing device 940, and the surface morphology of the signal processing device 940 is not improved; and the prior art does not disclose an antenna design with bone combination capability. Content of the utility model

[0005] The utility model discloses a kind of antennas with bone combination capability and implants provided with the antenna.

[0006] One technical solution of the utility model is to provide an antenna with bone combination capability, for implant;The antenna is used as the first bone combination site of implant, and is connected with the implant body to obtain the complete structure of implant;The antenna includes antenna main body and encapsulation structure encapsulating the same, and the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure is provided with first surface modification structure.

[0007] Optionally, the implant body includes second bone combination site and non-bone combination site;

[0008] The second bone combination site is provided with second surface modification structure;The first surface modification structure includes at least one of rough surface, porous layer and bioactive layer;The second surface modification structure includes at least one of rough surface, porous layer and bioactive layer.

[0009] Optionally, the antenna's encapsulation structure is made of polymer.

[0010] Optionally, the polymer comprises ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or polyetheretherketone.

[0011] Optionally, a first surface modification structure of the metal is disposed on a partially exposed surface of the encapsulation structure, avoiding the operating direction of the external reader / writer.

[0012] Optionally, a non-metallic first surface modification structure is disposed on all or part of the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure.

[0013] Optionally, the first surface-modified structure of the non-metallic material comprises a coating of hydroxyapatite.

[0014] Optionally, the antenna's packaging structure includes a first package and a second package connected to each other;

[0015] The first surface of the first package has a recessed space for accommodating the antenna body;

[0016] The second package has a second surface opposite to the first surface; when the first package and the second package are mated, the second surface is used to shield the opening of the recess space and to make close contact with the area on the first surface other than the recess space.

[0017] The first surface is provided with a mating groove surrounding the periphery of the recessed space, and the second surface is provided with a mating flange that is embedded in the mating groove and in close contact with the mating groove;

[0018] The first guide groove on the first surface engages with the second guide groove on the second surface to form a channel for accommodating the antenna cable, and the inner wall of the channel is in close contact with the antenna cable; the antenna body is connected to the device located outside the packaging structure via the antenna cable.

[0019] Optionally, the implant includes a device connected to the antenna body via an antenna cable; the device includes a sensor, or a signal processing chip, or a capacitor, or a circuit assembly including at least one of a sensor, a signal processing chip, and a capacitor; the device is disposed at a second bone-integration site and / or a non-bone-integration site of the implant body.

[0020] Optionally, the second bone-bonding site is provided with an independent second surface modification structure that can be connected to the implant body; when the device is disposed at the second bone-bonding site of the implant body, the device is placed by forming a device receiving space between the second surface modification structure and the implant body.

[0021] Optionally, the device housing space includes at least one of the following mounting positions:

[0022] A first mounting site is formed on the surface of the second surface-modified structure facing the implant body;

[0023] A second mounting position is formed on the surface of the implant body facing the second surface modified structure;

[0024] The third mounting site is formed by the second surface modification structure mating with the surface of the implant body.

[0025] Optionally, the second surface modification structure connected to the implant body comprises a porous layer or a composite; the composite comprises a combined porous layer and an intermediate; the intermediate comprises at least one of a sandwich portion, a protrusion portion, and a support portion; the density of the intermediate is higher than that of the porous layer.

[0026] Optionally, the interlayer portion is disposed on the surface of the porous layer near the implant body; a plurality of protrusion portions are disposed on the surface of the composite near the implant body and protrude toward one side of the implant body; a plurality of support portions, at least a portion of the structure of each support portion is located within the porous layer.

[0027] Optionally, the implant body and the composite are connected by resistance welding; the implant body, porous layer, interlayer, and protrusion are made of conductive material; the support is made of conductive or non-conductive material.

[0028] Optionally, the exposed surface of the antenna's encapsulation structure is provided with a drug coating.

[0029] Optionally, the antenna's encapsulation structure includes a drug-containing space for holding drugs and an opening communicating with an exposed surface of the encapsulation structure; the opening is used to input drugs into the drug-containing space and / or output drugs from the drug-containing space.

[0030] The opening for dispensing the drug is always open, or it is sealed by a closure.

[0031] Optionally, the closure is made of a material that allows drug penetration or sustained release; or, the closure is made of a material that is phase-changeable, deformable, soluble, or degradable, allowing the closure to switch from a closed opening state to an open opening state.

[0032] Optionally, the enclosure is connected to a triggering device; the triggering device is used to apply a force to the enclosure, causing the enclosure to deform or shift, so that the enclosure switches from a closed opening state to an open opening state; or, the triggering device is used to apply a set substance or force to the enclosure, or change the environmental state around the enclosure, causing the enclosure to undergo a phase change, deformation, or dissolution, so that the enclosure switches from a closed opening state to an open opening state.

[0033] Optionally, the triggering device is equipped with a timer for timed start; or, the triggering device is equipped with a signal channel connected to the antenna body, or a signal processing chip, or a sensor to receive a start command.

[0034] Optionally, the signal processing chip or triggering device connected to the antenna body via an antenna cable is equipped with a processor for converting the wireless signal received by the antenna body from the reader into a start command for the triggering device.

[0035] Optionally, the antenna's encapsulation structure and the implant body are connected via a corresponding connection structure; the corresponding connection structure includes:

[0036] A pin body and a corresponding pin hole into which the pin body is inserted;

[0037] Alternatively, a flange and a groove into which the flange is correspondingly inserted;

[0038] Alternatively, it may have a connecting part with external threads and a connecting hole with internal threads.

[0039] Another technical solution of this utility model is to provide an implant, comprising:

[0040] The implant itself; and,

[0041] Any of the above-mentioned antennas, wherein the antenna is connected to the implant body to obtain the complete structure of the implant; there are one or more antennas; the antenna serves as the first bone-bonding site of the implant, and a first surface modification structure is provided on the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure that encapsulates the antenna body.

[0042] Optionally, the implant can be any type of implant that requires monitoring and can wirelessly transmit signals to the reader via an antenna.

[0043] Optionally, the implant includes any one of the following: femoral stem, acetabular cup, interbody fusion device, femoral condyle, tibial support, patella, artificial vertebra, artificial intervertebral disc, rod-and-screw system, ankle joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint, finger joint, toe joint, facet joint, temporomandibular joint, wrist joint, artificial tooth root, metal bone screw / plate, metal intramedullary nail / pin, suture anchor, suture fixation plate, interspinous implant, temporomandibular joint, filler block, femoral head necrosis reconstruction rod.

[0044] Optionally, when the implant is a femoral condyle, one or more antennas are connected to the femoral condyle body as positioning posts.

[0045] Optionally, when the implant is a tibial support, one or more antennas are connected to the edge of the distal face of the support platform of the tibial support body.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the antenna and implant with bone integration capability provided by this utility model have at least the following technical effects:

[0047] Existing technologies are mainly based on kinematics, mechanics, and anatomy, without considering the application scenarios of antennas and chips. They are also limited by packaging technology, so antennas can only be integrated with other devices in the package, making the overall package structure large and limiting the installation location. They can only be used as an accessory to connect with the implant, otherwise it will affect the structure or function of the implant itself.

[0048] This invention separates the antenna from other components and encapsulates it individually, significantly reducing the volume of the encapsulation structure. This facilitates its assembly onto the implant body, making it an integral part of the implant's structure. The resulting implant is more compact, requires no additional bone resection, preserves more bone volume, simplifies surgery, and promotes better recovery. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna is positioned at the bone-bonding site of the implant, and a surface-modified structure is formed within the antenna's encapsulation structure to enhance bone-bonding ability at the antenna location. This ensures that the original shape of the implant remains unchanged and its functionality is not affected, while also adding the ability to wirelessly transmit information with an external reader. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing technology where an antenna is integrated with other devices and used as an implant accessory.

[0050] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of an existing antenna when integrated with other devices.

[0051] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the antenna packaging structure of this utility model.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a side cross-sectional view of the antenna packaging structure of this utility model.

[0053] Figures 5 to 10 This is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second surface modification structure of the implant of this utility model as a composite in different embodiments;

[0054] Figure 5 The intermediate portion of the composite is shown to include a sandwich portion and a protrusion portion;

[0055] Figure 6 The intermediate body of the composite shows that it includes a protrusion.

[0056] Figure 7 The intermediate body of the composite shows that it includes a sandwich section, a corresponding support section, and a protrusion.

[0057] Figure 8 The intermediate body of the composite is shown to include a sandwich section, a staggered support section, and a protrusion.

[0058] Figure 9 The intermediate body of the composite shows that it includes a support portion and a protrusion corresponding to the position;

[0059] Figure 10 The intermediate body of the composite shows that it includes staggered support portions and protrusions.

[0060] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the femoral condyle and its antenna of this utility model.

[0061] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of the femoral condyle and its antenna according to this utility model.

[0062] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the femoral condyle antenna of this utility model, in which a porous layer is provided on a portion of its surface.

[0063] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the tibia support and its antenna of this utility model.

[0064] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 The image shows a bottom view of the tibia support and its antenna.

[0065] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the AA-direction cross section at the circled area and a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the first surface modification structure in one embodiment.

[0066] Figure 17 yes Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the AA-direction section at the circled area and a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the first surface modification structure in another embodiment.

[0067] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of the tibia support and its antenna of this utility model.

[0068] Figure 19 This is a bottom view of another embodiment of the shin support and its antenna of this utility model.

[0069] Figure 20 This is a bottom view of another embodiment of the shin support and its antenna of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] This invention provides an antenna for implants that can transmit wireless signals to an external reader. The encapsulated antenna possesses some of the characteristic structures of the implant, so that when connected to the implant body, it does not alter the original shape of the implant or affect its original function. In this embodiment, when the antenna is integrated into the implant, it becomes part of the implant's osseointegration site (the osseointegration site refers to the part of the implant that comes into contact with the nearby bone interface after implantation, thus achieving osseointegration). It possesses the characteristic structures of this osseointegration site (such as shape, size, surface morphology, etc.), which can promote bone ingrowth or extension, enabling a stable and firm bond between the implant and bone tissue; therefore, the antenna is said to have osseointegration capability.

[0072] An embodiment of the implant includes a bone-bonding portion and a non-bone-bonding portion (meaning a portion of the implant that does not contact or bond with bone tissue); wherein, the bone-bonding portion includes a first bone-bonding portion configured as an antenna and a second bone-bonding portion without an antenna; the first bone-bonding portion has a first surface modification structure, and the second bone-bonding portion has a second surface modification structure. The implant body can constitute the non-bone-bonding portion and the second bone-bonding portion (these two portions can be integrally formed or connected and assembled, without limitation); a first region of the implant body is connected to the first bone-bonding portion configured as an antenna, and the first surface modification structure is formed on at least a portion of the surface of the antenna's encapsulation structure; a second region of the implant body forms the second bone-bonding portion by providing the second surface modification structure. The surfaces containing the first and second surface modification structures are exposed surfaces of the implant that will contact and bond with bone tissue.

[0073] For example, surface modification structures can be applied to the surface of the corresponding location by roughening (forming a rough surface), increasing porosity (i.e., forming a porous layer on the surface), or forming a bioactive layer, to improve bone integration and enhance the bonding performance between the implant and the bone interface. The forms of the first and second surface modification structures can be the same or different. These are only some examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the surface modification structures. For instance, one surface modification structure can form a rough surface while the other forms a porous layer; or both surface modification structures can form rough surfaces with the same or different roughness; or both surface modification structures can form porous layers with the same or different porosity; or one surface modification structure can incorporate multiple of the above forms, while the other surface modification structure has only one form, and so on.

[0074] Compared to other applications, implants, especially joint implants, require very careful material selection due to the need for implantation into the human body (due to biosafety considerations). Furthermore, the antenna encapsulation structure's shape must be tailored to the implant's structural characteristics. The material of this encapsulation structure should possess good shaping capabilities to accommodate various implants and meet their diverse requirements. The material must also not negatively impact signal shielding or significant attenuation. Any material meeting these requirements can be used as the antenna encapsulation structure, and this invention does not impose any limitations on this. For example, in this embodiment, the antenna uses a polymer encapsulation structure to encapsulate the antenna body; example polymers include ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

[0075] Any material that does not generate severe electrostatic shielding and is permissible for use in implants can be used to construct the first surface modification structure. In some examples, the first surface modification structure is made of a non-metallic material that does not shield antenna signals. Therefore, depending on the actual needs of implant osseointegration, the non-metallic first surface modification structure can be placed on all or part of the exposed surface of the antenna encapsulation structure.

[0076] For example, a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating can be formed on at least a portion of the exposed surface of the antenna's encapsulation structure by means of plasma spraying, electrochemical deposition, etc., as a first surface modification structure for non-metals; the coating can take the form of surface roughening, porosity and bioactive layer.

[0077] In other examples, the first surface modification structure includes a first porous layer made of a metallic material, which is disposed on a partially exposed surface of the antenna encapsulation structure and does not completely shield the antenna signal. After implantation in the human body, the external reader needs to face the antenna in the direction where the metallic first porous layer is not disposed to transmit wireless signals between the reader and the antenna. The first porous layer is made of a human-implantable metallic material, such as titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, etc., but is not limited to these.

[0078] For example, the antenna packaging structure can be prefabricated, and the areas of the packaging structure where the first porous layer does not need to be placed can be pre-masked. Then, a metal first porous layer can be formed on the exposed surface of the unmasked portion of the packaging structure using plasma spraying. Alternatively, an independent first porous layer can be prefabricated using 3D printing additive manufacturing, vapor deposition, or sintering processes. This first porous layer is placed in a predetermined position within the mold cavity of the packaging structure, and during injection molding, the first porous layer adheres to the predetermined area on the surface of the packaging structure.

[0079] In some examples, the antenna packaging structure includes a package body, which is manufactured by an inlay injection molding process, thereby encapsulating the antenna body.

[0080] In other examples, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the antenna encapsulation structure includes two encapsulation bodies. The first encapsulation body 21 has a first surface, and the second encapsulation body 31 has a second surface opposite to the first surface. A recessed space 24 for placing the antenna body 11 is formed on the first surface of the first encapsulation body 21. When the two encapsulation bodies are mated, the middle portion of the second surface of the second encapsulation body 31 aligns with and closes the opening of the recessed space 24. The remaining portion of the second surface matches and tightly engages with the remaining area of ​​the first surface excluding the recessed space 24, thereby encapsulating the antenna body 11 within the sealed space between the two encapsulation bodies. Compared to the example with a single encapsulation body, the method of encapsulating the antenna body 11 using two encapsulation bodies results in lower temperatures and will not damage the antenna body 11. In the example with one or two encapsulation bodies, a first surface modification structure, either metallic or non-metallic, can be provided in a designated area on the surface of the encapsulation body, either simultaneously with or after the encapsulation body is manufactured, according to the method described above.

[0081] In the example of setting two packages, a mating groove 23 surrounding the recessed space 24 can be formed on the first surface of the first package 21, and a matching mating flange 33 can be formed on the second surface of the second package 31 (or the positions of the mating groove 23 and the mating flange 33 can be interchanged). The corresponding mating flange 33 is embedded into the mating groove 23 and the two are tightly joined. The areas on the first surface located inside and outside the periphery of the mating groove 23 (in) Figure 4 The middle part is the top surface area), which is respectively connected to the areas on the second surface located on the inner and outer sides of the periphery of the mating flange 33 (in Figure 4 The bottom area (in the middle) is tightly joined together. This creates multiple winding sealing sections between the mating surfaces of the two packages, improving the sealing performance of the enclosed space.

[0082] The mating flange 33 and the mating groove 23 can be designed as matching trapezoidal structures, that is, the mating groove 23 is designed as a trapezoidal groove, and the mating flange 33 is designed as a trapezoidal flange (see...). Figure 4 The inner sidewalls of the mating groove 23 and the mating flange 33 are arranged in a set of corresponding inclined surfaces, and the outer sidewalls of the mating groove 23 and the mating flange 33 are arranged in another set of corresponding inclined surfaces (the inner side is the side closer to the groove space 24, and the outer side is the side farther from the groove space 24). In different examples, the opening of the trapezoid can be larger or smaller than the base of the trapezoid. As a result, the connection between the mating flange 33 and the mating groove 23 is stronger and the sealing effect is better.

[0083] The interface end of the antenna body 11 is connected to one end of the antenna cable 12. The antenna cable 12 passes through a channel formed on the same side of the first package 21 and the second package 31. The other end of the antenna cable can be connected to other devices outside the package structure. For example, a first guide groove 22 is provided on the first surface of the first package 21, connecting the outer boundary of the first package 21 to the recess space 24, for placing the antenna cable 12; a second guide groove 32 is provided at a corresponding position on the second surface of the second package 31. When the two packages are mated, the two guide grooves are engaged to form a complete channel, and the inner wall of the channel can be tightly attached to the antenna cable 12.

[0084] Both the first package 21 and the second package 31 are made of the aforementioned polymer. Therefore, after they are joined, the first package 21 and the second package 31 can be heated and hot-pressed to form a firm bond between their contacting surfaces, without deforming the overall structure of the first package 21 and the second package 31. The antenna body 11 is placed in the groove space 24 of the first package 21. The opening of the groove space 24 is blocked by the surface of the middle part of the second package 31. Therefore, the antenna body 11 will not touch the contact surface between the two packages, and the hot-pressing will not affect the antenna body 11. At the same time, by heating and hot-pressing, the first guide groove 22 and the second guide groove 32 constituting the antenna cable placement channel can also be firmly joined, and the inner wall of the combined channel can be pressed tightly against the surface of the antenna cable 12. In this way, a seal can be achieved at the channel without the need for additional sealing components.

[0085] Therefore, the first encapsulation body 21 and the second encapsulation body 31 are firmly bonded together and have excellent sealing performance. After being implanted into the human body along with the implant body, they can effectively prevent tissue fluid and other substances from invading the sealed space where the antenna body 11 is placed from the outside of the encapsulation structure. It should be noted that the hot-pressing method of connecting the two encapsulation bodies is a preferred example, but it is not intended to limit the connection method between the two. For example, in other examples, the contact surfaces between the first encapsulation body 21 and the second encapsulation body 31 can be firmly bonded and form a sealed connection by means of implantable adhesive bonding or ultrasonic welding.

[0086] The implant of this invention connects one or more antennas to the implant body. During manufacturing, the implant body has pre-defined or subsequently processed mounting positions for connecting the antennas. For example, a notch or partition is formed in the original implant structure, or a component is omitted to create the mounting position. A connection structure for easy antenna connection can be provided at the mounting position. Because the antenna's encapsulation structure is made of polymer, it is highly malleable and can be shaped according to the actual needs of the mounting position. Thus, after connecting the antenna to the mounting position, it precisely fills the notch, partition, or omitted component on the implant body, thereby giving the antenna some of the implant's structural characteristics without altering the implant's final shape and function. In this embodiment, the mounting position for the antenna is designed at a location on the original implant structure that needs to contact and integrate with bone tissue, thus forming the first bone-integration site of the implant after connecting the antenna to the mounting position.

[0087] The antenna of this invention can be combined with the implant body through any suitable implantation method. For example, the antenna encapsulation structure can be bonded to the implant body; or, corresponding matching connection structures can be formed on the implant body and the antenna encapsulation structure. This invention does not limit the form and number of connection structures, and various connection structures such as pin hole connection, pin groove connection, and threaded connection can be implemented, but are not limited thereto.

[0088] Because the antenna encapsulation structure is made of polymer, various desired connection structures can be fabricated on its surface where it connects to the implant body. The portions on the implant body used to connect the antenna encapsulation structure can be machined or pre-defined during implant body fabrication to accommodate the connection structures. Since the surface of the antenna encapsulation structure that connects to the implant body does not need to be exposed (does not need to contact or bond with bone tissue), this invention does not limit or require the application of a first surface modification structure to this surface without affecting the connection between the antenna and the implant body.

[0089] Examples of connection structures between the antenna and the implant body include: a protruding pin on the antenna packaging structure and a corresponding pin hole in the implant body for the pin to be inserted; a flange on the antenna packaging structure and a corresponding groove in the implant body for the flange to be inserted; and a threaded connector on the antenna packaging structure and a threaded connector in the implant body. In these examples, the protruding connector is placed on the antenna packaging structure, while the recessed connector is placed on the implant body. This minimizes modifications to the original implant structure, ensuring the implant's structural integrity and minimal impact on its mechanical properties. Furthermore, this simplifies the implant's manufacturing process, reducing costs and complexity. However, this does not constitute a design limitation on the corresponding connection structure between the antenna packaging structure and the implant body. In other examples, the positions of the relevant connection structures can be interchanged, or other types of connection structures can be used.

[0090] The second surface modification structure disposed at the second bone-bonding site of the implant can be integrally formed with the implant body, or it can be formed by reprocessing the surface of the implant body (corresponding to the second region), or it can be made separately and then attached to the surface of the implant body (corresponding to the second region), and is not limited thereto.

[0091] In some examples, the separately fabricated second surface modification structure is a second porous layer or a composite containing a second porous layer. The second porous layer or its composite can be fabricated using 3D printing additive manufacturing processes, vapor deposition processes, or sintering processes. Then, the second porous layer or its composite is connected to the implant body using welding methods (e.g., laser welding, resistance welding). In this example, the implant body is made of implantable metallic materials, such as titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys, etc., but not limited to these. The implant body is manufactured using various mature processes such as forging, casting, powder metallurgy, or metal powder injection molding, and can be subjected to various machining processes, which helps to improve the overall structural strength of the implant.

[0092] In some examples, such as Figures 5 to 10 As shown, the second surface-modified structure is a composite comprising a pre-connected or integrally formed second porous layer 121 and an intermediate; the density of the intermediate and the density of the implant body 110 are both higher than the density of the second porous layer 121; the implant body 110 and the intermediate can be solid (porosity 0), or the implant body 110 and the intermediate can have a porous structure but the porosity is lower than that of the second porous layer 121.

[0093] The first side of the composite and its components is the side away from the implant body 110, and the second side is the side closer to the implant body 110. The intermediate body includes at least one of a sandwich portion 122, a protrusion 123, and a support portion 124. Figure 5 An intermediate body is shown that simultaneously includes a sandwich portion 122 and a protrusion portion 123; Figure 6 An intermediate body including a protrusion 123 is shown. Figure 7 , Figure 8 The intermediate body, which includes a sandwich portion 122, a support portion 124, and a protrusion portion 123, is shown respectively. Figure 9 , Figure 10 The diagram shows an intermediate body that includes both a support portion 124 and a protrusion 123. Figure 7 or Figure 9 The positions of the support portion 124 and the protrusion 123 correspond one-to-one. Figure 8 or Figure 10 The protrusion 123 and the support 124 are misaligned.

[0094] It should be noted that, Figures 5 to 10 The gap between the second side of the second porous layer 121 or the second side of the interlayer 122 and the implant body 110 is schematic and is used to illustrate the structure and relative positional relationship of the components. In some examples, the composite and the implant body 110 are tightly connected without gaps; in other examples, gaps may be left or additional wiring channels may be formed at certain locations between the composite and the implant body 110 for placing antenna cables connecting the antenna to other devices.

[0095] The interlayer portion 122 covers at least a portion of the surface of the second side of the second porous layer 121, for example, a thin sheet (which may or may not have perforations), and is located between the second side of the second porous layer 121 and the implant body 110. A plurality of protrusions 123 are distributed on the surface of the second side of the second porous layer 121, or on the surface of the second side of the interlayer portion 122; each protrusion 123 protrudes toward the direction of the implant body 110, for example, a raised point, and is located between the second side of the second porous layer 121 and the implant body 110. At least a portion of the structure of each support portion 124 is located within the second porous layer 121; the first end of the support portion 124 is close to the first side of the second porous layer 121, and may extend beyond or not extend beyond the surface of the first side of the second porous layer 121, or the first end of the support portion 124 is flush with the surface of the first side of the second porous layer 121; the second end of the support portion 124 is close to the second side of the second porous layer 121, or is flush with the surface of the second side of the second porous layer 121.

[0096] When the composite and the implant body 110 are connected by resistance welding, the composite and the implant body 110 with opposite welding interfaces are pressed between the positive and negative electrodes, thus connecting a current loop. Current I flows through the composite and the implant body 110, generating resistance heat at the welding interface, causing the contact interface to be in a melting or plastic state, effectively bonding the composite and the implant body 110 together. The resistance heat Q is proportional to IR. 2 I represents current, and R represents contact resistance: the greater the current, the greater the resistance heat; the greater the contact resistance, the greater the resistance heat; the greater the resistance heat, the faster the contact interface can enter the melting or plastic state, and the stronger the bond.

[0097] In this example, the metal implant body 110 itself is conductive; the second porous layer 121, the interlayer portion 122, and the protrusion portion 123 are also made of conductive metal material. The protrusion portion 123 increases the contact resistance by reducing the contact area of ​​the welding interface, thereby generating more resistive heat and improving welding efficiency and welding strength.

[0098] The support portion 124 serves to limit the electrode acting on the first side of the composite, preventing excessive compression of the first side surface of the second porous layer 121 by the electrode (the maximum range of movement of the electrode pressing against the second porous layer 121 is limited by the support portion 124), and reducing or avoiding surface damage to the first side surface of the second porous layer 121 caused by resistance heat or applied pressure. The support portion 124, made of either conductive or non-conductive material, can serve this limiting function. In particular, the support portion 124 made of conductive material can also enhance current conduction. Its higher density results in lower resistance than the surrounding second porous layer 121 (air within the pores of the second porous layer 121 affects conductivity). Therefore, during resistance welding, most of the current preferentially flows through the support portion 124 to the welding interface between the composite and the implant body 110, improving welding efficiency and strength.

[0099] The sandwich portion 122 can help improve the structural strength of the composite. In some examples, the thickness of certain parts of the sandwich portion 122 is reduced or hollowed out (thickness is 0). After the sandwich portion 122 is combined with the second porous layer 121, the stiffness of different sections of the composite can be adjusted (the stiffness of the sections corresponding to the thinner or hollowed-out parts of the sandwich portion 122 is smaller), making it easier for the composite to fit the surface of the implant body 110 (a similar sandwich portion can be provided in examples where the porous layer is combined with the implant body by laser welding or other means).

[0100] The implant of this invention can adopt a distributed multi-antenna design, configuring multiple antennas for one implant. In different examples of setting multiple antennas, the appearance of the encapsulation structure of each antenna can be the same or different depending on the characteristics of the bone junction where the antenna is located. The connection structure between the antenna and the implant body can be the same or different depending on the mounting position and the connection surface of the implant body. Each antenna itself can also have the same or different designs.

[0101] For example, antennas can have the same or different directivity; when antennas point in different directions, external readers can still make the antennas work in different locations. Antenna frequencies can be the same or different; if an antenna cannot work at a certain frequency, it can be switched to use another frequency for signal transmission; or, because multiple antennas are located in different positions on the implant, different frequencies may be configured due to different conditions after implantation in the human body. For example, on the same implant, some antennas are located under the skin and can use high frequencies with slightly weaker penetration; while some antennas are located inside the bone tissue and require mid-to-low frequencies with strong penetration.

[0102] Alternatively, the antennas can have the same or different functions. For example, some antennas can be used as receiving antennas, while others can be used as transmitting antennas; or each antenna can both transmit and receive information. For another example, in a redundant configuration, antennas can be connected to the same or different components; when antennas are connected to the same component, they serve as backups for each other; when antennas are connected to different components, each antenna and component combination can be used independently, thus providing backups for both antennas and components. For yet another example, different antennas can be used to transmit the same or different information; for instance, antennas connected to different components may transmit different information (e.g., different monitoring data obtained from different sensors and transmitted externally), or they may be connected to the same component but transmit different information through different antennas (e.g., different antennas obtain different information from an external reader but transmit it to the same signal processing chip for processing; or, the signal processing chip obtains different monitoring data from different sensors, prepares for transmission, and then transmits it externally through different antennas). For example, each antenna can work simultaneously or at different times; when they work at different times, for example, each antenna can work at different times to avoid signal interference; or different antennas can be configured to work as the main antenna and the backup antenna can be in standby mode, until the main antenna fails or a set time is reached, after which the backup antenna will work and the main antenna will be in standby mode; or, the antenna can only work when the component connected to it needs to transmit or receive data, and is in standby mode at other times.

[0103] In this invention, other devices connected to the antenna via antenna cables but not encapsulated together with the antenna include, for example, sensors, signal processing chips, or circuit assemblies that simultaneously include sensors, signal processing chips, memory, capacitors, power management chips, etc. These are examples and not limitations on the devices. Each device can be placed individually in the same location on the implant or in different locations; alternatively, several devices can be encapsulated together and placed at a designated location on the implant. The installation positions of the devices can be adjacent to the antenna mounting position, thus eliminating the need for long antenna cables, reducing interference, and minimizing signal loss in the transmission medium. Alternatively, the installation positions of the devices can be determined based on their functions; for example, sensors can be positioned near the target object to be monitored to facilitate accurate and timely acquisition of monitoring data.

[0104] For example, if one or more of these devices are to be installed in a non-osseous junction of the implant body, the implant body can be pre-processed to create a receiving space (e.g., a recess or hole) for placing the relevant devices; for example, the relevant devices can be secured in the corresponding receiving space by means of tight fit, etc.; or the relevant devices can be fixedly connected in the corresponding receiving space by means of adhesive bonding, setting connectors, etc.

[0105] If one or more of these devices are mounted to the second bone-bonding site of the implant body, the devices can be positioned closer to the bone interface after implantation. Some examples show that the second surface modification structure is fabricated independently (e.g., as a second porous layer or a composite thereof) and then attached to the implant body; the devices can be placed in a receiving space formed between the second surface modification structure and the implant body.

[0106] by Figures 5 to 10 Taking the illustrated implementation structure as an example, a first mounting position 141 (e.g., a recess or hole formed on the second side of the second porous layer 121; when there is a sandwich portion 122, a through opening is simultaneously formed on the area corresponding to the recess or hole on the sandwich portion 122) can be formed; when the composite is connected to the implant body 110, a receiving space for accommodating related devices is formed between the first mounting position 141 on the second side of the composite and the surface of the implant body 110.

[0107] Alternatively, a second mounting position 142 (e.g., a recess or hole) can be formed only on the surface of the implant body 110 facing the composite without changing the structural design of the second side of the composite; when the composite is connected to the implant body 110, another receiving space for accommodating related devices is formed between the second side of the composite and the second mounting position 142 on the surface of the implant body 110, and the opening of the second mounting position 142 can be covered by the composite.

[0108] Alternatively, a third mounting position 143 may be formed on the second side of the composite and on the surface of the implant body 110 facing the composite, with a portion of the third mounting position 143 formed on the composite and another portion formed on the implant body 110 (e.g., recesses or holes corresponding to the positions are formed on the composite and the implant body 110 respectively); when the composite is connected to the implant body 110, another receiving space for accommodating related devices is formed between the second side of the composite and the third mounting position 143 on the surface of the implant body 110.

[0109] In the aforementioned examples of mounting positions 141, 142, and 143, when the composite is connected to the implant body 110, the accommodating space between them already defines the boundary range within which the related device can move. Therefore, the related device can be fixedly connected or not connected to the composite and / or implant body 110 surrounding the mounting position. Depending on the application requirements, an implant can be positioned in one or more of mounting positions 141, 142, and 143.

[0110] As an example of a device connected to an antenna, a sensor can measure various physical states such as stress / strain, pressure, temperature, and motion (velocity, displacement, etc.), as well as various chemical states such as pH value and the type of bacteria present when the implant is infected. Based on the data collected by the sensor, it can provide early warnings about situations that may lead to implant failure, such as infection or loosening. The sensor's data acquisition operation can be enabled after surgery or during the implantation procedure. Intraoperative monitoring, for example, involves monitoring parameters related to implant installation through the sensor. These installation parameters are used to analyze whether the implant is properly installed, so that medical staff can make adjustments during the surgery to improve the success rate of implantation.

[0111] Taking a pressure sensor as an example, the detection results of the sensor can be used to analyze the pressure distribution between the bone interface (such as the osteotomy surface at the implantation site) and the surface of the implant in contact with it, thereby determining the fit between the implant and the bone interface, the force distribution on the inner and outer sides of the implant, etc. The sensor is activated during surgery to perform relevant monitoring. Problems such as uneven pressure distribution and poor fit can be detected in a timely manner and adjusted and resolved as quickly as possible during surgery. These sensors can also continue to be used postoperatively (short-term and / or long-term) to detect signs of implant loosening as early as possible and provide early warnings. Therefore, in some examples, the sensor is installed on the implant as close as possible to the bone interface for monitoring.

[0112] Signal processing chips and their auxiliary components can process data acquired by sensors and also process data transmitted between the antenna and an external reader. For example, they can encode, modulate, and amplify information to be transmitted before transmitting it to the antenna body via antenna cables. They can also amplify, filter, demodulate, and decode information received by the antenna body and transmitted through the antenna cable to recover the data sent by the external reader. Memory can store various data from the sensor and / or signal processing chip during operation; this can be temporary or long-term storage. Capacitors are used for impedance matching, filtering, signal coupling, and isolation to improve signal transmission characteristics. Power management chips regulate and distribute power to ensure that devices in need receive adequate power. Power can be supplied by energy storage components such as batteries placed on the implant, or by components suitable for wired or wireless charging.

[0113] In some examples, the antenna can be equipped with medication to help the implant achieve functions such as anti-infection, promoting bone integration, and preventing osteoporosis. For example, the medication is coated on at least a portion of the exposed surface of the antenna encapsulation structure, allowing the medication coating to contact bone tissue; a first surface modification structure at the encapsulation structure can support or contain the medication, such as a porous layer, allowing the medication to adhere to the inner walls of the pores or fill the pores. Alternatively, a separate storage space for containing the medication can be provided within the antenna encapsulation structure (avoiding the enclosed space where the antenna body is located), with an opening in this storage space that connects to the outside of the antenna, allowing the medication to enter and / or exit the storage space through the opening.

[0114] In some examples, the drug input and output openings are separate, and the input opening can be closed after the drug is input into the receiving space; the location of the input opening on the antenna is not limited, and it can be located on the surface of the encapsulation structure that will connect with the implant body, or it can be located on the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure; the drug output opening can be located on the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure to contact the bone tissue.

[0115] In some examples, the opening serves as both a drug input and output; the opening is located on the exposed surface of the antenna packaging structure; after the drug is input into the containment space, the opening can remain open at all times, or be temporarily closed by a closure body, and the release of the drug can be controlled according to the different needs of the actual application.

[0116] In some examples, the closure is made of a material with variable properties, allowing it to automatically switch from a closed opening to an open opening. For instance, the closure may be made of a deformable (e.g., changes in size, volume, or even breakage, causing the previously closed opening to open), phase-change (e.g., transition from solid to liquid or gas), dissolvable, or degradable material. This change in property and state switching may be caused by changes in the environment (e.g., variations in temperature, pressure, humidity, pH around the implant, spontaneously generated by infection around the implant, or by adjustments made by the physician), or by a reaction between the closure and a designated substance (e.g., lesions around the implant or the physician injecting a substance that reacts with the closure). Alternatively, the closure may always keep the opening closed, but it may be made of a material that allows for sustained drug release or permeation.

[0117] As examples, not limitations, of occluders include shape memory alloys such as nickel-titanium alloys that deform at specific temperatures; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that expands when heated; polyethylene glycol (PEG) that undergoes phase transitions at body temperature; polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan that degrade in vivo; sodium alginate that dissolves in liquids such as water; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that exhibits good drug permeability; ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) that allows for sustained drug release; enzyme-sensitive hydrogels, such as polymers containing specific enzyme cleavage sites, that decompose under enzyme action; and pH-responsive polymers, such as polyacrylic acid (PAA), that undergo structural changes at specific pH values. The required occluder needs to be determined based on the properties of the drug, and its biocompatibility and metabolic pathways in the implant must also be considered. The safety and efficacy of the relevant materials must be verified in a legal and compliant manner.

[0118] For example, the closed body can be connected to a triggering device, which can switch between closed and open states under the control of the triggering device. For example, the force of the triggering device changes the position of the closed body, causing the closed opening to open. Alternatively, the triggering device can apply a specific substance or force to the closed body, causing the closed body to undergo the aforementioned property changes (deformation, phase change, dissolution, etc.) directly, or by changing the state of the surrounding environment (heating, humidification, pressurization, etc.) to cause the closed body to undergo corresponding property changes (deformation, phase change, dissolution, etc.).

[0119] The triggering device itself may have a timed activation function, or it may be controlled by external devices, signal processing chips or sensors connected to an antenna, which send commands to the triggering device to open the closure, allowing the drug within the containment space to be released. As an example, and not a limitation, a wireless signal of a specific frequency can control the triggering device to activate; the triggering device may have a microprocessor that converts the signal received from the antenna body into a corresponding command, or the antenna body may transmit the received signal to a signal processing chip, which then converts it into a command and transmits it to the triggering device. A sensor may output a command to control the triggering device based on its detection results. In these examples, the antenna body, signal processing chip, or sensor is connected to the triggering device via a cable, forming a signal channel for transmitting commands. Besides the antenna, drugs can also be attached and their release controlled in similar ways at other sites of the implant (including but not limited to the second osteosynthesis site), which will not be elaborated upon further.

[0120] The implant of this utility model can be any implant that requires wireless signal transmission, such as any of the following, but not limited to: femoral stem, acetabular cup, intervertebral fusion device, artificial cone, artificial intervertebral disc, rod-and-screw system, femoral condyle, tibial support, patella, spinal prosthesis, ankle joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint, finger joint, toe joint, facet joint, temporomandibular joint, wrist joint, artificial tooth root, metal bone screw / plate, metal intramedullary nail / needle, suture anchor, suture fixation plate, interspinous implant, temporomandibular joint, filler block, femoral head necrosis reconstruction rod, and other implants that require monitoring during or after implantation surgery.

[0121] Taking joint implants as an example, Figures 11 to 13 The image shows a femoral condyle in a knee implant, comprising a femoral condyle body 51 and an antenna 201 connected together. When the femoral condyle is implanted into the distal femur, its positioning is achieved using positioning posts. In this example, two antennas 201 are respectively configured as positioning posts and connected to the femoral condyle body 51. Therefore, the external shape of the femoral condyle as an implant does not need to be changed. The function of positioning the femoral condyle is achieved through antennas 201 with the same characteristic structure as the positioning posts, and these two antennas 201 can operate independently, each transmitting wireless signals to an external reader / writer.

[0122] As an example of a connection structure, see Figure 10The antenna 201 has a threaded connecting part 202, and a threaded connecting hole 53 is provided at a corresponding position on the femoral condyle body 51. This allows the antenna 201 to be screwed onto the femoral condyle body 51, achieving a stable connection between the two. (Not shown in the figure, but it can be understood that in other examples, the threaded connecting part 202 can be replaced with a pin, and the threaded connecting hole 53 can be replaced with a pin hole for inserting the pin, thereby fixing the antenna 201 to the femoral condyle body 51.)

[0123] The femoral condyle body 51 is generally saddle-shaped. The convex surface of this femoral condyle body 51 (belonging to the non-osseous junction area) contacts the upper part of the liner and the articular surface of the patellar prosthesis; it is generally smooth to reduce frictional wear with the liner, etc. The concave surface 52 of the femoral condyle body 51 needs to match and contact the osteotomy section formed at the distal end of the femur. Therefore, a second surface modification structure is disposed on the concave surface 52, forming the second osseous junction area of ​​the femoral condyle. The antenna 201 is inserted into the distal femur as a positioning post; therefore, a first surface modification structure can be disposed on at least a portion of the exposed surface of the antenna 201, forming the first osseous junction area of ​​the femoral condyle.

[0124] Non-metallic first surface modification structures (such as hydroxyapatite coatings) can be formed on all or part of the exposed surface of antenna 201 without affecting signal transmission between the antenna and the reader. Metallic first surface modification structures, however, need to be positioned away from the operating direction of the external reader. For example... Figure 13 As shown, it is assumed that the working direction 302 of the reader 301 corresponds to the direction of the medial or lateral condyle of the femoral condyle. Figure 13 As shown on the left and right sides), the first surface modification structure 203 of the metal can be disposed on the front and rear surfaces of the antenna 201. Figure 13 (as shown on the top and bottom sides), thereby avoiding the working direction 302 of the reader. The non-metallic first surface modification structure can be provided on one or more sides of the antenna 201, or it can be provided on the entire circumferential surface of the antenna 201.

[0125] Figures 14 to 20 The image shows a tibial support in a knee implant. Figure 14 , Figure 15 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 The tibial support is flipped so that the distal side is facing upwards. Figure 14 , Figure 15 In one embodiment, the tibial support includes a tibial support body 61 and an antenna 401 connected together; the tibial support body 61 also includes a support platform 62 and a fixing post, and the antenna 401 is arranged at the edge of the distal end face of the support platform 62.

[0126] As an example of a connection structure, such as Figure 16 ,Figure 17 , Figure 18 As shown, multiple pins 402 are formed on the surface of the antenna 401 facing the support platform 62, and multiple pin holes 621 are formed on the opposite surface of the support platform 62 for the corresponding insertion of these pins 402 to fix the antenna 401 to the tibial support body 61. Although not shown in the figure, it can be understood that in other examples, for instance, the multiple pins 402 can be replaced with one or more flanges, and one or more grooves can be formed on the opposite surface of the support platform 62 for the corresponding insertion of the flanges to fix the antenna 401 to the tibial support body 61. If necessary, the contact surfaces of the tibial support body 61 and the antenna 401 can be further bonded with implantable adhesive to make the connection more secure.

[0127] The near end face of the bearing platform 62 ( Figure 15 (The side facing inwards, not shown) will contact the padding; this proximal surface is a non-osseous junction. The fixation post will be inserted into the proximal medullary canal of the tibia; the antenna 401, together with the remaining area of ​​the distal surface of the support platform 62, will match and contact the osteotomy interface of the proximal tibia. Therefore, the exposed surface of the fixation post 64 is provided with a second surface modification structure 64, and the exposed surface of the remaining area of ​​the distal surface of the support platform 62 is also provided with a second surface modification structure 63, together forming the second osseous junction of the tibial support; at least a portion of the exposed surface of the antenna 401 encapsulation structure is provided with a first surface modification structure, forming the first osseous junction of the tibial support.

[0128] like Figure 14 , Figure 15 , Figure 18 As shown, in this embodiment, the antenna 401 is configured in conjunction with the characteristic structure of the far-end edge of the support platform 62; the two antennas 401 together encircle the edge of the far-end surface. These two antennas 401 can operate independently, transmitting wireless signals to the reader / writer respectively.

[0129] Combination Figure 15 and Figure 16 In one example, the first surface modification structure 403 is disposed on both the distal end and the side of the antenna 401 encapsulation structure, and the antenna 401 surrounds the edge of the distal end. In this example, the first surface modification structure 403 is made of a non-metallic material and does not shield wireless signals.

[0130] Combination Figure 15 and Figure 17In one example, the first surface modification structure 403 is disposed on the exposed far end face of the antenna 401 encapsulation structure, but not on the exposed side face of the encapsulation structure. Although the antenna 401 also surrounds the edge of the far end face, the mounting position of the first surface modification structure 403 avoids the working direction 500 of the external reader. Therefore, the first surface modification structure 403 in this example can be made of a metallic material or a non-metallic material.

[0131] Combination Figure 19 and Figure 16 In one example, the first surface modification structure 403 is disposed on both the exposed far end face and the side face of the antenna 401 encapsulation structure. The antenna 401 also surrounds the edge of the far end face. However, some areas of the antenna 401 are provided with the first surface modification structure 403, while other areas are not (the reader can transmit signals toward the part of the antenna 403 that does not have the first surface modification structure 403). Therefore, the first surface modification structure 403 in this example can be made of a metallic material or a non-metallic material.

[0132] Combination Figure 19 and Figure 17 In one example, the first surface modification structure 403 is disposed on the exposed far end face of the antenna 401 encapsulation structure, but not on the exposed side face of the encapsulation structure. Although the antenna 401 also surrounds the edge of the far end face, the mounting position of the first surface modification structure 403 avoids the working direction 500 of the external reader. Therefore, the first surface modification structure 403 in this example can be made of metal or non-metal.

[0133] and Figure 15 or Figure 19 The implementation methods differ, in Figure 20In another embodiment, the edge of the far end face of the support platform is not entirely composed of antennas, but rather multiple spaced mounting positions are formed at the edge, with antennas 404 correspondingly disposed therein. That is, the three antennas 404 provided in this embodiment are segmented and disposed at different positions on the edge of the far end face of the support platform, with the shape of each antenna segment 404 matching the characteristic structure of its mounting position; these three antennas 404 can operate independently, transmitting wireless signals to the reader respectively. A second surface modification structure 63 is provided together with the edge region between adjacent antennas 404 and the remaining region of the far end face; a second surface modification structure 64 is provided on the exposed surface of the fixing post. In this embodiment, the non-metallic first surface modification structure does not shield wireless signals and can be disposed on the exposed far end face and / or side of each antenna segment 404 encapsulation structure; the metallic first surface modification structure needs to avoid the working direction of the reader, for example, it is disposed on the exposed far end face of each antenna segment 404 encapsulation structure, rather than on the exposed side of the encapsulation structure, so that the reader can transmit wireless signals towards the side of the encapsulation structure.

[0134] In summary, this utility model provides an antenna for implants. By using a separate encapsulation structure for the antenna, its volume can be reduced, and it can possess the structural characteristics of a portion of the bone-bonding site on the implant. After being assembled into the implant body, it forms a complete implant. Furthermore, a surface modification structure is formed on at least a portion of the exposed surface of the antenna encapsulation structure, enabling it to achieve bone-bonding capability. Through the combined effect of the encapsulation material and its bonding method, the encapsulation structure has excellent sealing performance, and its appearance can be flexibly changed according to the characteristic structural requirements of the implant and the requirements of the connection structure with the implant body.

[0135] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above content. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna with bone-integrating capability for use in implants, characterized in that, The antenna serves as the first bone-bonding site of the implant and is connected to the implant body to obtain the complete structure of the implant; the antenna includes an antenna body and an encapsulation structure for encapsulating it, and the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure is provided with a first surface modification structure.

2. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The implant body includes a second bone-integration site and a non-bone-integration site; The second bone-bonding site is provided with a second surface modification structure; The first surface-modified structure comprises at least one of a rough surface, a porous layer, and a bioactive layer; the second surface-modified structure comprises at least one of a rough surface, a porous layer, and a bioactive layer.

3. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first surface modification structure of the metal is disposed on a portion of the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure and is away from the working direction of the external reader; A non-metallic first surface modification structure is disposed on all or part of the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure.

4. The antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The antenna's packaging structure includes a first packaging body and a second packaging body connected to each other; The first surface of the first package has a recessed space for accommodating the antenna body; The second package has a second surface opposite to the first surface; when the first package and the second package are mated, the second surface is used to shield the opening of the recess space and to make close contact with the area on the first surface other than the recess space. The first surface is provided with a mating groove surrounding the periphery of the recessed space, and the second surface is provided with a mating flange that is embedded in the mating groove and in close contact with the mating groove; The first guide groove on the first surface engages with the second guide groove on the second surface to form a channel for accommodating the antenna cable, and the inner wall of the channel is in close contact with the antenna cable; the antenna body is connected to the device located outside the packaging structure via the antenna cable.

5. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The implant is provided with a device that is connected to the antenna body via an antenna cable; the device includes a sensor, or a signal processing chip, or a capacitor, or a circuit assembly that includes at least one of a sensor, a signal processing chip, and a capacitor; The device is disposed at the second bone-integration site and / or non-bone-integration site of the implant body; The second bone-bonding site has a separate second surface modification structure that can be connected to the implant body; When the device is disposed at the second bone-bonding site of the implant body, the device is placed in a device-accommodating space formed between the second surface modified structure and the implant body. The device housing includes at least one of the following mounting positions: A first mounting site is formed on the surface of the second surface-modified structure facing the implant body; A second mounting position is formed on the surface of the implant body facing the second surface modified structure; A third mounting site is formed by mating the second surface-modified structure with the opposite surface of the implant body; the independent second surface-modified structure includes a porous layer or a composite; the composite includes a combined porous layer and an intermediate; the intermediate includes at least one of a sandwich portion, a protrusion portion, and a support portion; the density of the intermediate is higher than the density of the porous layer.

6. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The exposed surface of the antenna's encapsulation structure is coated with a drug layer; Alternatively, the antenna's encapsulation structure may have a drug-containing space inside, which is used to hold drugs and has an opening communicating with an exposed surface of the encapsulation structure; the opening is used to input drugs into the drug-containing space and / or output drugs from the drug-containing space. The opening for dispensing the drug is always open, or is sealed by a closure. The closure is made of a material that allows drug permeation or sustained release; or, the closure is made of a material that is phase-changeable, deformable, soluble, or degradable, allowing the closure to switch from a closed opening state to an open opening state. Alternatively, the enclosure is connected to a triggering device; the triggering device is used to apply a force to the enclosure, causing the enclosure to deform or shift, so that the enclosure switches from a closed opening state to an open opening state; or, the triggering device is used to apply a set substance or force to the enclosure, or change the environmental state around the enclosure, causing the enclosure to undergo a phase change, deformation, or dissolution, so that the enclosure switches from a closed opening state to an open opening state.

7. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna's encapsulation structure and the implant body are connected by a corresponding connection structure. The corresponding connection structures set on the encapsulation structure and the implant body include: A pin body and a corresponding pin hole into which the pin body is inserted; Alternatively, a flange and a groove into which the flange is correspondingly inserted; Alternatively, it may have a connecting part with external threads and a connecting hole with internal threads.

8. An implant, characterized in that, Include: The implant itself; The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is connected to the implant body to obtain the complete structure of the implant; the antenna may be one or more. The antenna serves as the first bone-bonding site of the implant, and a first surface modification structure is provided on the exposed surface of the encapsulation structure that encapsulates the antenna body.

9. The implant as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The implant can be any type of implant that is required for monitoring and can transmit signals wirelessly to the reader via an antenna. The implant includes any one of the following: femoral stem, acetabular cup, interbody fusion device, femoral condyle, tibial support, patella, artificial vertebra, artificial intervertebral disc, rod-and-screw system, ankle joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint, finger joint, toe joint, facet joint, temporomandibular joint, wrist joint, artificial tooth root, metal bone screw / plate, metal intramedullary nail / pin, suture anchor, suture fixation plate, interspinous implant, temporomandibular joint, filler block, femoral head necrosis reconstruction rod.

10. The implant as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, When the implant is a femoral condyle, one or more antennas are connected to the femoral condyle body as positioning posts; or, when the implant is a tibial support, one or more antennas are connected to the edge of the distal surface of the support platform of the tibial support body.

Images