Locking mechanism and machine tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to a locking mechanism and a machine tool. The locking mechanism comprises a blind rivet, a clamping assembly and an oil pressure assembly. The blind rivet is arranged on the accessory head; the clamping assembly is arranged on the machine tool spindle in a sliding mode, the clamping assembly comprises a piston part and at least two steel balls, the piston part is provided with an insertion cavity for the blind rivet to be clamped in, and the steel balls are embedded in the piston part so as to retreat from or stretch into the insertion cavity; the oil pressure assembly is arranged on the machine tool spindle and can be used for driving the clamping assembly to slide; when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to the first position, the steel ball can retreat from the inserting cavity, and the blind rivet can be placed in or retreat from the inserting cavity. And when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a second position, the steel ball extends into the insertion cavity and is clamped with the blind rivet so as to lock the blind rivet. According to the semi-automatic locking and separating device, through semi-automatic locking or separating, on one hand, the working efficiency can be improved; and on the other hand, the stability and reliability in the locking process can be effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of machine tools, and particularly relates to a locking mechanism and a machine tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a typical vertical machining equipment, a numerical control machine tool usually realizes installation of an accessory head in a manual mode to adapt to machining of different large parts. However, when locking the accessory head, the existing numerical control machine tool spindle is usually fixed by manually operating a screw, and the stability is usually poor. Therefore, how to improve the stability of the machine tool spindle when locking the accessory head is a technical problem to be solved at present. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] The application provides a locking mechanism and a machine tool to solve the technical problem of poor stability of the machine tool spindle when locking the accessory head.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, one technical scheme of the application is as follows: a locking mechanism for locking or separating a machine tool spindle and an accessory head, the locking mechanism comprising: a pull pin arranged on the accessory head; a clamping assembly arranged on the machine tool spindle in a sliding mode, the clamping assembly comprising a piston part and at least two steel balls, the piston part being provided with an insertion cavity for the pull pin to be clamped into, and the at least two steel balls being embedded in the piston part to exit or extend into the insertion cavity; and an oil pressure assembly arranged on the machine tool spindle, the oil pressure assembly being used to drive the clamping assembly to slide, wherein when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a first position, the steel balls can exit the insertion cavity, and the pull pin can be clamped into or out of the insertion cavity; and when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a second position, the steel balls extend into the insertion cavity and are clamped with the pull pin to lock the pull pin.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the application, the oil pressure assembly comprises: an oil cylinder seat arranged on the machine tool spindle, the piston part being arranged on the oil cylinder seat in a sliding mode; and an oil cylinder pressure cover arranged on the oil cylinder seat, an oil pressure cavity being formed between the oil cylinder seat and the oil cylinder pressure cover, wherein the oil cylinder seat is connected with an external driving mechanism, the external driving mechanism can input oil into the oil pressure cavity to drive the piston part to slide to the first position, or the external driving mechanism can output oil from the oil pressure cavity to drive the piston part to slide to the second position.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present application, the oil cylinder seat is sequentially formed with a sliding cavity and an avoiding cavity, the avoiding cavity is located at one end of the sliding cavity close to the accessory head, the inner diameter of the avoiding cavity is larger than that of the sliding cavity, and the piston part slides in the sliding cavity; when the piston part slides in the sliding cavity to abut the inner wall of the sliding cavity against the steel ball, the steel ball extends into the insertion cavity to lock the pull pin, and when the steel ball slides to the avoiding cavity, the steel ball exits the insertion cavity to enable the pull pin to be inserted into or exit the insertion cavity.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present application, the locking mechanism further comprises an elastic member arranged between the piston part and the oil cylinder seat, and the elastic member has an elastic force to drive the piston part to move towards the direction away from the accessory head.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present application, the piston part comprises a piston end part located in the oil pressure cavity and sliding in the oil pressure cavity under the action of the external driving mechanism, and a driven part connected with the piston end part and extending towards the pull pin side, and the driven part is slidingly arranged in the oil cylinder seat; the insertion cavity is formed in the driven part, and the pull pin can slide in the insertion cavity relative to the driven part.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present application, a first limiting groove is formed in the oil cylinder seat, a second limiting groove is formed in the piston end part, and the elastic member is accommodated in the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, the locking mechanism further comprises a plurality of sealing rings, and the sealing rings are arranged between the oil cylinder gland and the oil cylinder seat and between the oil cylinder seat and the machine tool spindle.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, the pull pin comprises a head part and an extension part connected with the head part, and the diameter of the head part is larger than that of the extension part; when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to the second position, the steel ball extends into the insertion cavity and is clamped at the connection between the head part and the extension part.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present application, a first guide surface is formed at the connection between the head part and the extension part, and the distance between the first guide surface and the inner wall surface of the insertion cavity gradually decreases in the direction away from the accessory head; second guide surfaces are formed on both sides of the end surface of the head part, and the distance between the second guide surfaces and the inner wall surface of the insertion cavity gradually increases in the direction away from the accessory head.

[0013] To solve the above technical problems, the application adopts another technical solution: a machine tool, comprising a machine tool body, a machine tool spindle and at least one locking mechanism as described above, wherein the machine tool spindle is arranged on the machine tool body, and the machine tool spindle can be loosened or locked with the accessory head through the locking mechanism.

[0014] The application has the following beneficial effects: the locking mechanism of the application is used to lock or separate the machine tool spindle and the accessory head. The locking mechanism comprises a pull pin, a clamping assembly and an oil pressure assembly. The pull pin is arranged on the accessory head; the clamping assembly is slidingly arranged on the machine tool spindle and comprises a piston part and at least two steel balls. The piston part is provided with an insertion cavity for the pull pin to be inserted into, and the at least two steel balls are embedded in the piston part to exit or extend into the insertion cavity. The oil pressure assembly is arranged on the machine tool spindle and can be used to drive the clamping assembly to slide. When the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a first position, the steel balls can exit the insertion cavity, and the pull pin can be inserted into or exited from the insertion cavity. When the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a second position, the steel balls extend into the insertion cavity and are clamped with the pull pin to lock the pull pin. In the application, the sliding of the clamping assembly is driven by the oil pressure assembly, so that the accessory head and the machine tool spindle can be locked or separated in a semi-automatic manner. Compared with the manual connection method in the prior art, on the one hand, the connection steps can be simplified and the work efficiency can be improved; on the other hand, through the semi-automatic locking method, the stability and reliability in the locking process can also be effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the locking mechanism of the application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of the application assembled on the machine tool spindle and connected with the accessory head;

[0018] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the pull pin of the locking mechanism of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present application more apparent, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application. In addition, it should be noted that only the parts related to the present application are shown in the drawings for the convenience of description. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0020] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase that the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, or are necessarily referring to some particular embodiment, or are mutually exclusive in

[0021] In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0022] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2 , Figure 1 is a cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the locking mechanism of the present application; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of the present application assembled on the main shaft of the machine tool and connected with the accessory head.

[0024] In one aspect of the present application, a locking mechanism 10 is provided. The locking mechanism 10 is used to lock or separate a machine tool spindle 15 and an accessory head 16. The locking mechanism 10 comprises a pull pin 11, a clamping assembly 12 and an oil pressure assembly 13. The pull pin 11 is arranged on the accessory head 16; the clamping assembly 12 is slidingly arranged on the machine tool spindle 15, and the clamping assembly 12 comprises a piston part 121 and at least two steel balls 122. The piston part 121 is provided with an insertion cavity 1217 for the pull pin 11 to be clamped into, and the at least two steel balls 122 are embedded in the piston part 121 to exit or extend into the insertion cavity 1217. The oil pressure assembly 13 is arranged on the machine tool spindle 15, and the oil pressure assembly 13 can be used to drive the clamping assembly 12 to slide; wherein when the oil pressure assembly 13 drives the clamping assembly 12 to slide to a first position, the steel balls 122 can exit the insertion cavity 1217, and the pull pin 11 can be inserted into or exited from the insertion cavity 1217; when the oil pressure assembly 13 drives the clamping assembly 12 to slide to a second position, the steel balls 122 extend into the insertion cavity 1217 and are clamped with the pull pin 11 to lock the pull pin 11.

[0025] From the above structure, in the present application, the sliding of the clamping assembly 12 is driven by the oil pressure assembly 13, which can realize semi-automatic locking or separation between the accessory head 16 and the machine tool spindle 15. Compared with the manual connection method in the prior art, on the one hand, the connection steps can be simplified and the work efficiency can be improved; on the other hand, through the semi-automatic locking method, the stability and reliability in the locking process can also be effectively improved.

[0026] Specifically, the oil pressure assembly 13 works to drive the clamping assembly 12 to move towards the side close to the accessory head 16 to the first position, and the steel balls 122 can exit the insertion cavity 1217. At this time, the pull pin 11 can be inserted into the insertion cavity 1217 to realize the preliminary connection of the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16. Then the oil pressure assembly 13 works to drive the clamping assembly 12 to move towards the side away from the accessory head 16 to the second position, and the steel balls 122 extend into the insertion cavity 1217 to lock the pull pin 11, thereby realizing the locking of the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16. When it is needed to separate the accessory head 16 from the machine tool spindle 15, the clamping assembly 12 is driven by the oil pressure assembly 13 to move again towards the side close to the accessory head 16, so that the steel balls 122 exit the insertion cavity 1217, and the pull pin 11 is no longer in the locked state and can exit the insertion cavity 1217 to realize the separation of the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16. Therefore, through the work of the oil pressure assembly 13, the semi-automatic locking and separation between the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16 can be realized, thereby improving the stability of the locking process and the work efficiency of the locking process.

[0027] In the present application, through the cooperation of the steel ball 122 and the insertion cavity 1217, firstly, when the steel ball 122 exits and enters the insertion cavity 1217, since the steel ball 122 is spherical, the friction generated during the process of exiting or entering the insertion cavity 1217 is small, so that the process of placing or withdrawing the drawbar 11 into or out of the insertion cavity 1217 can be more labor-saving. Secondly, the production cost of the steel ball 122 is low, therefore, the structure of using the steel ball 122 can also effectively reduce the production cost. In addition, in the process of placing or withdrawing the drawbar 11 into or out of the insertion cavity 1217, the clamping assembly 12 itself will not deform, so as not to affect the service life of the clamping assembly 12. Therefore, the structure of using the steel ball 122 and the insertion cavity 1217 in the present application can be beneficial to improve the service life of the locking mechanism 10.

[0028] The number of steel balls 122 can be 2, or 3, or 4, 5, 7, 8, etc., which is not limited here, as long as the steel balls 122 are evenly arranged. In the present application, by evenly arranging the steel balls 122, uniform clamping force can be provided in the circumferential direction, and when the steel balls 122 enter the insertion cavity 1217, the drawbar 11 can be centered, so that the force exerted by the steel balls 122 on the drawbar 11 can be more uniform, thereby making the locking of the drawbar 11 by the steel balls 122 more stable, to improve the stability and reliability of the locking mechanism 10.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the oil pressure assembly 13 includes an oil cylinder seat 132 and an oil cylinder gland 131. The oil cylinder seat 132 is arranged on the machine tool spindle 15, and the piston part 121 is slidingly arranged in the oil cylinder seat 132. The oil cylinder gland 131 is arranged on the oil cylinder seat 132, and the oil cylinder seat 132 and the oil cylinder gland 131 form an oil pressure cavity 133 therebetween. The oil cylinder seat 132 is connected to an external driving mechanism, which can input oil into the oil pressure cavity 133 to drive the piston part 121 to slide to the first position, or the external driving mechanism can output oil from the oil pressure cavity 133 to drive the piston part 121 to slide to the second position. In the present application, by connecting the oil cylinder seat 132 to the external driving mechanism, the external driving mechanism can input oil into the oil pressure cavity 133, thereby driving the piston part 121 to slide to the first position, so that the steel ball 122 exits the insertion cavity 1217, and the drawbar 11 can be placed into or withdrawn from the insertion cavity 1217. Or the external driving mechanism can also output the oil in the oil pressure cavity 133 to the inside of the external driving mechanism, so that the piston part 121 slides to the second position, so that the steel ball 122 is placed in the insertion cavity 1217 to lock the drawbar 11. Wherein, as Figure 2As shown, when the piston part 121 slides to the second position, the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16 are tightly attached, at this time, the pull pin 11 no longer produces radial movement under the action of the steel ball 122, and the surface of the accessory head 16 towards the machine tool spindle 15 is attached to the machine tool spindle 15, and the pull pin 11 no longer produces axial movement, so that the locking of the pull pin 11 can be realized, and the locking of the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16 can be realized. The above-mentioned mode can realize the semi-automatic locking or separation of the machine tool spindle 15 and the accessory head 16 in the present application, and can effectively improve the working efficiency and stability of the locking mechanism 10.

[0030] Further, the structure of the oil cylinder gland 131 in the present application can play a good sealing role on the oil pressure cavity 133, so as to prevent the oil in the oil pressure cavity 133 from leaking out, affect the power output of the oil pressure assembly 13, and avoid the entry of external impurities or dust into the oil cylinder, causing oil pollution. On the other hand, the oil cylinder gland 131 can also disperse the internal oil pressure to other components such as the oil cylinder seat 132, so as to avoid the deformation or damage of the oil cylinder seat 132 caused by the excessive pressure in the oil pressure cavity 133, and further improve the reliability and durability of the oil cylinder seat 132.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present application, the oil cylinder seat 132 is sequentially formed with a sliding cavity 1213 and a avoiding cavity 1214, the avoiding cavity 1214 is located at one end of the sliding cavity 1213 close to the accessory head 16, the inner diameter of the avoiding cavity 1214 is greater than that of the sliding cavity 1213, and the piston part 121 slides in the sliding cavity 1213. When the piston part 121 slides in the sliding cavity 1213 to the inner wall of the sliding cavity 1213 abutting against the steel ball 122, the steel ball 122 extends into the insertion cavity 1217 to lock the pull pin 11, and when the steel ball 122 slides to the position corresponding to the avoiding cavity 1214, the steel ball 122 can exit the insertion cavity 1217 backward, and the pull pin 11 can be inserted into or withdrawn from the insertion cavity 1217. In the present application, the sliding cavity 1213 can provide accurate movement guidance for the piston part 121 and the steel ball 122, so that the piston part 121 can slide in the sliding cavity 1213 according to the predetermined direction, and the steel ball 122 can be accurately clamped into the insertion cavity 1217 along the specific path under the pushing of the inner wall of the sliding cavity 1213, thereby effectively improving the locking effect between the steel ball 122 and the pull pin 11, and further improving the reliability of the locking mechanism 10. The avoiding cavity 1214 with an inner diameter greater than that of the sliding cavity 1213 no longer limits the axial movement of the steel ball 122, which can provide a certain avoiding space for the steel ball 122 to smoothly exit the insertion cavity 1217 backward, and further the process of inserting or withdrawing the pull pin 11 into or from the insertion cavity 1217 can be more labor-saving, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of the pull pin 11.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the locking mechanism 10 further comprises an elastic member 14. The elastic member 14 is arranged between the piston part 121 and the cylinder seat 132, and has an elastic force for driving the piston part 121 to move towards the direction away from the accessory head 16. When the oil pressure assembly 13 suddenly fails, the piston part 121 will slide downward under the action of gravity, which will cause the locking to fail. Therefore, by arranging the elastic member 14, the piston part 121 can be prevented from sliding downward or excessively sliding downward under the action of gravity when the oil pressure assembly 13 suddenly fails, and the locking failure can be prevented, so as to improve the reliability and stability of the locking mechanism 10.

[0033] Optionally, the number of elastic members 14 can be 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, etc., as long as the elastic members 14 are uniformly distributed, which is not limited here.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the piston part 121 comprises a piston end part 1211 and a driven part 1212. The piston end part 1211 is located in the oil pressure cavity 133 and slides in the oil pressure cavity 133 under the action of the external driving mechanism. The driven part 1212 is connected with the piston end part 1211 and extends towards the side of the draw stud 11, and the driven part 1212 is slidingly arranged in the cylinder seat 132. An insertion cavity 1217 is formed in the driven part 1212, and the draw stud 11 can slide in the insertion cavity 1217 relative to the driven part 1212. Specifically, the arrangement of the piston end part 1211 can increase the contact area between the piston end part 1211 and the oil pressure cavity 133, thereby increasing the thrust generated by the piston part 121, and effectively improving the working efficiency of the piston part 121, which is beneficial to reduce the assembly time of the accessory head 16 and the machine tool spindle 15 and improve the working efficiency of the operator. The arrangement of the driven part 1212 can transmit the thrust received by the piston end part 1211 to the steel ball 122, so that the steel ball 122 can lock or release the draw stud 11. In addition, the insertion cavity 1217 is formed in the driven part 1212, which can also limit the draw stud 11. When the driven part 1212 is driven to slide by the piston end part 1211, the draw stud 11 can always be located in the insertion cavity 1217 and slide relative to the driven part 1212, thereby preventing the draw stud 11 from producing radial deviation, and avoiding the situation that the draw stud 11 is jammed during the sliding process relative to the driven part 1212, which is beneficial to improve the reliability and stability of the locking mechanism 10.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, a first limiting groove 1215 is formed in the oil cylinder seat 132, a second limiting groove 1216 is formed in the piston end 1211, and the elastic member 14 is accommodated in the first limiting groove 1215 and the second limiting groove 1216. The structure of the first limiting groove 1215 and the second limiting groove 1216, on the one hand, the structure of the first limiting groove 1215 and the second limiting groove 1216 can provide a clear position and space for the installation of the elastic member 14, so that the installer can conveniently place the elastic member 14 in the limiting groove, and also can quickly determine the installation direction and position of the elastic member 14, to improve the installation efficiency and reduce the installation difficulty; on the other hand, the setting of the first limiting groove 1215 and the second limiting groove 1216 can also provide a guiding effect for the extension of the elastic member 14, so that the elastic member 14 can only extend along the extension direction of the limiting groove, which can effectively avoid the elastic member 14 from being twisted, skewed and the like under stress, improve the transmission stability of the elastic force of the elastic member 14, and thus be conducive to improving the stability of the locking mechanism 10.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the locking mechanism 10 further comprises a plurality of sealing rings 17, which are respectively arranged between the oil cylinder cover 131 and the oil cylinder seat 132 and between the oil cylinder seat 132 and the machine tool spindle 15. The arrangement of the plurality of sealing rings 17, on the one hand, can prevent the oil in the oil chamber 133 from leaking from the gap between the oil cylinder cover and the oil cylinder seat, thereby affecting the driving effect of the oil pressure assembly 13; on the other hand, it can also effectively prevent dust, debris and other impurities from entering the oil chamber 133, causing the oil to deteriorate and reducing its transmission efficiency, thereby affecting the normal work of the locking mechanism 10; in addition, the arrangement of the sealing ring 17 can also avoid impurities from entering the inside of the locking mechanism 10, thereby aggravating the wear of the internal structure and affecting the service life of the locking mechanism 10. Therefore, in the present application, by arranging a plurality of sealing rings 17, not only can the oil leakage be avoided, but also the service life and reliability of the locking mechanism 10 during use can be improved.

[0037] Please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 , refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of the puller of the locking mechanism of the present application. In some embodiments of the present application, the puller 11 comprises a head 111 and an extension 112; wherein the extension 112 is connected with the head 111, the diameter of the head 111 is larger than that of the extension 112; when the oil pressure assembly 13 drives the clamping assembly 12 to slide to the second position, the steel ball 122 extends into the insertion cavity 1217 and is clamped at the connection between the head 111 and the extension 112. In the present application, by setting the diameter of the head 111 to be larger than that of the extension 112, when the clamping assembly 12 slides to the second position, the steel ball 122 extends into the insertion cavity 1217, the head 111 can block the steel ball 122 from continuing to slide upward, so as to enable the steel ball 122 to be clamped at the connection between the head 111 and the extension, so as to lock the puller 11. Moreover, the diameter of the head 111 is larger, on the one hand, the contact area between the head 111 and the steel ball 122 is larger, which can make the locking of the puller 11 more stable, and is beneficial to improve the safety and stability of the machine tool during the machining operation. On the other hand, the head 111 can also uniformly disperse the force to each part of the puller 11, so as to avoid stress concentration in a local area of the puller 11, prevent cracks, fractures and other situations of the puller 11 due to stress concentration, and is beneficial to improve the carrying capacity and reliability of the puller 11.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, a first guide surface 1111 is formed at the connection between the head 111 and the extension 112, wherein the distance between the first guide surface 1111 and the inner wall surface of the insertion cavity 1217 gradually decreases in the direction away from the accessory head 16. First, the setting of the first guide surface 1111 can provide an accurate guide path for the steel ball 122, so that the steel ball 122 can accurately reach the predetermined position when entering the connection between the head 111 and the extension 112, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the clamping action of the steel ball 122; secondly, when the puller 11 exits the insertion cavity 1217, the first guide surface 1111 contacts the steel ball 122, thereby pushing the steel ball 122 out of the insertion cavity 1217 to the avoidance cavity 1214. Therefore, by setting the first guide surface 1111, the first guide surface 1111 can push the steel ball 122, and the setting of the first guide surface 1111 can also reduce the contact area between the first guide surface 1111 and the steel ball 122, so as to reduce the friction therebetween, thereby enabling the puller 11 to exit the insertion cavity 1217 more easily.

[0039] Further, the end face of the head 111 is formed with a second guide surface 1121, wherein the distance between the second guide surface 1121 and the inner wall surface of the insertion cavity 1217 gradually increases in the direction away from the accessory head 16. Firstly, the arrangement of the second guide surface 1121 can play a certain guiding role when the puller 11 is placed into the insertion cavity 1217, thereby reducing the alignment time and adjustment times during installation, and improving the efficiency of placing the puller 11 into the insertion cavity 1217. Secondly, during the process of placing the puller 11 into the insertion cavity 1217, the second guide surface 1121 contacts the steel ball, thereby pushing the steel ball 122 out of the insertion cavity 1217 into the avoiding cavity 1214. Therefore, the arrangement of the second guide surface 1121 can play a certain pushing role on the steel ball 122, thereby making the puller 11 more labor-saving during the process of placing into the insertion cavity 1217. In addition, the arrangement of the second guide surface 1121 can also reduce the contact area with the steel ball 122, thereby reducing the friction between them, so that the puller 11 can be more labor-saving when placed into the insertion cavity 1217.

[0040] Optionally, the first guide surface 1111 and the second guide surface 1121 can be both arranged as inclined surfaces, or both arranged as curved surfaces, or one of the first guide surface 1111 and the second guide surface 1121 is arranged as an inclined surface, and the other is arranged as a curved surface, which is not limited here.

[0041] In a second aspect of the present application, a machine tool is provided, which comprises a machine tool body, a machine tool spindle 15 and at least one locking mechanism 10 as described above, wherein the machine tool spindle 15 is arranged on the machine tool body, and the machine tool spindle 15 can be loosened or locked with the accessory head 16 through the locking mechanism 10. Specifically, since the machine tool comprises the locking mechanism 10 of the above-mentioned embodiments, it also has the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned locking mechanism 10, which will not be repeated here.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms "horizontal", "vertical", and the like, do not mean that the components must be absolutely horizontal or vertical, but can be slightly inclined; the terms "parallel", "perpendicular", and the like, also do not mean that the fittings must be absolutely parallel or perpendicular, but can form a certain angular deviation. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is relatively more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined. In addition, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present application is usually placed during use, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0043] It can be understood that the meaning of "multiple" herein is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically limited. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can optionally also include steps or units not listed, or can optionally also include other steps or units inherent to such processes, methods, products or devices. The term "and / or", only describes the association relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0044] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A locking mechanism for locking or unlocking a machine tool spindle and an attachment head, characterized in that The locking mechanism comprises: a pull pin arranged on the accessory head; a clamping assembly arranged on the machine tool spindle, the clamping assembly comprising a piston part and at least two steel balls, the piston part being provided with an insertion cavity for the pull pin to be inserted into, and the at least two steel balls being embedded in the piston part to exit or extend into the insertion cavity; an oil pressure assembly arranged on the machine tool spindle, the oil pressure assembly being used to drive the clamping assembly to slide; wherein, when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a first position, the steel balls can exit the insertion cavity, and the pull pin can be inserted into or exit from the insertion cavity; when the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to a second position, the steel balls extend into the insertion cavity and are clamped with the pull pin to lock the pull pin.

2. The locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The oil pressure assembly comprises: a cylinder seat arranged on the machine tool spindle, the piston part being arranged on the cylinder seat; a cylinder gland arranged on the cylinder seat, and an oil pressure cavity being formed between the cylinder seat and the cylinder gland; wherein, the cylinder seat is connected with an external driving mechanism, the external driving mechanism can input oil into the oil pressure cavity to drive the piston part to slide to the first position, or the external driving mechanism can output oil from the oil pressure cavity to drive the piston part to slide to the second position.

3. The locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein, The cylinder seat is sequentially provided with a sliding cavity and an avoiding cavity, the avoiding cavity is located at one end of the sliding cavity close to the accessory head, the inner diameter of the avoiding cavity is greater than the inner diameter of the sliding cavity, and the piston part slides in the sliding cavity; wherein, when the piston part slides in the sliding cavity to abut the inner wall of the sliding cavity with the steel balls, the steel balls extend into the insertion cavity to lock the pull pin, and when the steel balls slide into the avoiding cavity, the steel balls exit the insertion cavity to enable the pull pin to be inserted into or exit from the insertion cavity.

4. The locking mechanism of claim 3, wherein, The locking mechanism further comprises: a resilient member arranged between the piston part and the cylinder seat, the resilient member having an elastic force to drive the piston part to move towards a direction away from the accessory head.

5. The locking mechanism of claim 4, wherein, The piston part comprises: a piston end part located in the oil pressure cavity and sliding in the oil pressure cavity under the action of the external driving mechanism; a driven part connected with the piston end part and extending towards the pull pin side, the driven part being arranged on the cylinder seat and sliding in the cylinder seat; wherein, the insertion cavity is formed in the driven part, and the pull pin can slide in the insertion cavity relative to the driven part.

6. The locking mechanism of claim 5, wherein, The cylinder seat is provided with a first limiting groove, and the piston end part is provided with a second limiting groove, and the resilient member is accommodated in the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove.

7. The locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein, The locking mechanism further comprises: a plurality of sealing rings, the plurality of sealing rings being arranged between the cylinder gland and the cylinder seat and between the cylinder seat and the machine tool spindle, respectively.

8. The locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The pull pin comprises: a head part; an extension part connected with the head part, the diameter of the head part being greater than the diameter of the extension part; When the oil pressure assembly drives the clamping assembly to slide to the second position, the steel ball extends into the insertion cavity and is clamped at the joint of the head and the extension.

9. The locking mechanism of claim 8, wherein, A first guide surface is formed at the joint of the head and the extension, wherein the distance between the first guide surface and the inner wall surface of the insertion cavity gradually decreases in the direction away from the accessory head. Second guide surfaces are formed on both sides of the end surface of the head, wherein the distance between the second guide surfaces and the inner wall surface of the insertion cavity gradually increases in the direction away from the accessory head.

10. A machine tool, characterized by A machine tool body, a machine tool spindle and at least one locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the machine tool spindle is arranged in the machine tool body, and the machine tool spindle can be loosened or locked with the accessory head through the locking mechanism.

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