Electric bicycle based on controller without Hall sensor

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric bicycle based on a controller without a Hall sensor, which comprises a main bicycle frame, a cross beam is arranged in the middle of the main bicycle frame, a front hub frame and a rear hub frame are respectively welded at two ends of the cross beam, and a support seat is welded at one end of the cross beam close to the rear hub frame. A control box and a convenient-to-disassemble assembly facilitating disassembly of the control box are arranged in the supporting base, and a Hall-sensor-free controller is installed in the control box. According to the utility model, the convenient-to-disassemble assembly composed of the PVC positioning basket and the upper plug is arranged and is matched with the screw fixing structure, so that the control box can be quickly disassembled and assembled. Maintenance can be completed without dismounting the vehicle body main body structure; the U-shaped heat dissipation channel is combined with the trumpet-shaped air inlet pipe to form a forced convection air channel, passive heat dissipation is achieved through air flowing during riding, extra energy consumption is avoided, and the heat dissipation effect is good. The embedded filter sponge effectively prevents dust from entering the control box, and the service life of the controller is prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to electric bicycle technical field, concretely is a kind of electric bicycle based on no hall sensor controller. BACKGROUND

[0002] The controller of electric bicycle is key component, is responsible for controlling motor. Hall sensor is usually used to detect rotor position, and traditional electric bicycle motor, such as hub motor, relies on hall sensor (real-time detection rotor position, provides commutation timing signal for controller, realizes synchronous control. But hall sensor is susceptible to vibration, damp, high temperature and other environmental influences, considering its cost complexity and maintenance difficulty, no hall sensor controller has more advantages.

[0003] No hall sensor control technology estimates rotor position in real time by detecting back electromotive force zero point in motor winding, replaces physical sensor function. The no hall sensor controller of electric vehicle is usually installed in electric vehicle seat, based on the appearance and lightness of electric bicycle, part of sensorless controller is more gradual due to line installation, and controller is installed in frame, although it is beautiful, but maintenance is not convenient. According to the patent with the application number CN217389308U, a kind of electric bicycle controller box belongs to electric equipment technical field. To solve the problem of large volume of controller box, poor heat dissipation effect. Including controller box body and PCB board, the heat of MOS tube is transferred to the controller box body by heat conduction piece and dissipated, which can realize single heat dissipation of MOS tube.

[0004] The device can improve the cooling effect of the no hall sensor electric bicycle controller, but the controller needs to be fixed in the electric bicycle seat, and the maintenance is not convenient. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims at providing a kind of electric bicycle based on no hall sensor controller, by redesigning the installation structure of no hall sensor controller, make no hall sensor controller in the state of not affecting heat dissipation effect is convenient maintenance.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: including main frame, the middle part of the main frame is provided with crossbeam, the both ends of the crossbeam are respectively welded with front wheel hub frame and rear wheel hub frame, the end of the crossbeam close to rear wheel hub frame is welded with support seat, the support seat is provided with control box and the detachable assembly of control box, the no hall sensor controller is installed in the control box;

[0007] The convenient dismounting assembly comprises a PVC positioning basket and an upper plug, the top of the PVC positioning basket is fixedly connected with a supporting seat through a screw, the upper plug is fixed at the top of the inner cavity of the PVC positioning basket, and a heat dissipation structure for heat dissipation of the control box is arranged in the supporting seat.

[0008] Preferably, the heat dissipation structure comprises a heat dissipation channel, the heat dissipation channel is arranged in a U shape, the heat dissipation channel is arranged on the inner wall of the supporting seat, and the two ends of the heat dissipation channel respectively penetrate the outer wall of the supporting seat.

[0009] Preferably, the heat dissipation structure further comprises an air inlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe penetrates the supporting seat and is threadedly connected with the supporting seat, the inner cavity of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the heat dissipation channel, the air inlet pipe is arranged in a trumpet shape, and a filtering sponge is glued in the air inlet pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the top end of the upper plug, the top end of the supporting seat and the top end of the PVC positioning basket are all provided with an integrally formed outer edge, the upper surfaces of the outer edges are all provided with threaded holes through which the screw penetrates, the middle part of the upper plug is provided with a threaded groove for fixing the seat of the bicycle, and the bottom end of the supporting seat is welded with a mounting seat for mounting the freewheel disc of the bicycle.

[0011] Preferably, the Hall sensor-free controller comprises a main control unit for executing a Hall sensor-free control algorithm and converting a control signal into a motor driving current;

[0012] An input data for the Hall sensor-free algorithm is provided by the main control unit in real time according to the real-time acquisition of the motor phase current, and a back electromotive force detection unit for estimating the rotor position by detecting the back electromotive force zero-crossing point in the medium and high speed section, and the main control unit is electrically connected with the back electromotive force detection unit.

[0013] Preferably, the main control unit comprises an STM32F3 microcontroller and a 75NF75 isolator, one end of the STM32F3 microcontroller is electrically connected with a resistor R51, one end of the resistor R51 is connected with a triode VT18, the collector of the triode VT18 is connected with a triode VT17, the base of the triode VT17 is connected with a resistor R53 and a diode VD4, the collector of the triode VT17 is connected with a diode VD7, one end of the diode VD7 is connected with a resistor R54 in series, and the resistor R54 and the 75NF75 isolator are connected with a triode VT16.

[0014] Preferably, the main control unit further comprises a triode VT14, a triode VT13 and a triode VT15, the collector of the triode VT14 is connected with the base of the triode VT15, the emitter of the triode VT14 is connected with the base of the triode VT13, the collector of the triode VT15 is connected with the collector of the triode VT13, and the resistor R60 is connected in series between the collector of the triode VT15 and the collector of the triode VT13, and the resistor R58 is connected between the emitter of the triode VT14 and the base of the triode VT13.

[0015] Preferably, the back electromotive force detection unit comprises a chip SH79F1611 and three-phase electricity, the outer part of the chip SH79F1611 is electrically connected with MOS tubes VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, VT5 and VT6 respectively, and the chip SH79F1611 and the three-phase electricity are connected with the voltage dividing resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

[0017] 1、The utility model discloses a convenient-to-dismount assembly that is composed of a PVC positioning basket and an upper plug, and a screw fixing structure, which can realize maintenance without disassembling the main body structure of the vehicle body, improve the maintenance efficiency, form a forced convection air duct by combining a U-shaped heat dissipation channel and a horn-shaped air inlet pipe, realize passive heat dissipation by using air flow during riding, and have good heat dissipation effect without additional energy consumption.

[0018] 2、The utility model discloses a convenient-to-dismount assembly that is composed of a PVC positioning basket and an upper plug, and a screw fixing structure, which can realize maintenance without disassembling the main body structure of the vehicle body, improve the maintenance efficiency, form a forced convection air duct by combining a U-shaped heat dissipation channel and a horn-shaped air inlet pipe, realize passive heat dissipation by using air flow during riding, and have good heat dissipation effect without additional energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is the system block diagram of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is the circuit diagram of the main control unit of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 It is the circuit diagram of the back electromotive force detection unit of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the structural diagram of the electric bicycle frame of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 5It is the structural drawing of the heat dissipation structure of the support seat.

[0024] In the figure: 1, main frame; 2, cross beam; 3, front hub frame; 4, rear hub frame; 5, support seat; 6, control box; 7, easy-to-disassemble assembly; 8, Hall sensorless controller; 701, PVC positioning basket; 702, upper plug; 9, heat dissipation structure; 901, heat dissipation channel; 902, air inlet pipe; 903, filter sponge; 10, outer edge; 11, threaded hole; 12, threaded groove; 13, mounting seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-5 The utility model provides a technical scheme: including main frame 1, the middle part of main frame 1 is provided with cross beam 2, the both ends of cross beam 2 are welded with front hub frame 3 and rear hub frame 4 respectively, the end of cross beam 2 close to rear hub frame 4 is welded with support seat 5, support seat 5 is provided with control box 6 and the easy-to-disassemble assembly 7 that is convenient for control box 6 disassembly in, control box 6 is installed with Hall sensorless controller 8;

[0027] By separating the freewheel disc of the electric bicycle from the control box 6 in space, the interference of mechanical vibration on electronic components can be reduced.

[0028] The easy-to-disassemble assembly 7 includes a PVC positioning basket 701 and an upper plug 702. The top of the PVC positioning basket 701 is fixedly connected to the support seat 5 by screws. The upper plug 702 is fixed to the top of the inner cavity of the PVC positioning basket 701. The support seat 5 is provided with a heat dissipation structure 9 for dissipating heat from the control box 6.

[0029] By setting the PVC positioning basket 701, the outer wall of the PVC positioning basket 701 is hollow. The Hall sensorless controller 8 is pressed in the PVC positioning basket 701 by the plug. The top of the PVC positioning basket 701 is fixed to the support seat 5, and the bottom is suspended. Rubber strips are glued to the sides of the PVC positioning basket 701 to reduce the collision damage between the PVC positioning basket 701 and the inner wall of the support seat 5. This structure allows the Hall sensorless controller 8 to be completely removed from the support column, facilitating maintenance.

[0030] The heat dissipation structure 9 comprises a heat dissipation channel 901, which is arranged in a U shape and is formed in the inner wall of the support base 5, and two ends of the heat dissipation channel 901 penetrate the outer wall of the support base 5.

[0031] The heat dissipation channel 901 increases the heat dissipation area, and the penetration structure of the two ends of the heat dissipation channel 901 forms a natural air duct, so that the convection wind speed can be generated during the driving of the electric bicycle to achieve cooling.

[0032] The heat dissipation structure 9 further comprises an air inlet pipe 902, one end of the air inlet pipe 902 penetrates the support base 5 and is threadedly connected with the support base 5, the inner cavity of the air inlet pipe 902 is communicated with the heat dissipation channel 901, the air inlet pipe 902 is arranged in a trumpet shape, and the air inlet pipe 902 is internally glued with a filter sponge 903.

[0033] The filter sponge 903 can reduce the entry of dust or a small amount of rainwater into the heat dissipation channel 901.

[0034] The top end of the upper plug 702, the top end of the support base 5 and the top end of the PVC positioning basket 701 are all provided with an integrally formed outer edge 10, the upper surfaces of the outer edges 10 are all provided with threaded holes 11 for penetrating screws, the middle part of the upper plug 702 is provided with a threaded groove 12 for fixing a bicycle seat, and the bottom end of the support base 5 is welded with a mounting seat 13 for mounting a bicycle freewheel disc.

[0035] The upper plug 702, the support base 5 and the PVC positioning basket 701 can be fixed to the main bicycle frame by two screws, the middle part of the upper plug 702 is provided with a threaded groove 12, the threaded groove 12 can be provided as a through groove according to the threading requirement, the wire is threaded into the pipe under the seat cushion through the threaded groove 12, and the wire is threaded out of the outer wall of the pipe under the seat cushion and connected with other electrical devices of the electric bicycle.

[0036] The Hall sensorless controller 8 comprises a main control unit for executing a Hall sensorless control algorithm and converting a control signal into a motor driving current;

[0037] The main control unit is electrically connected with a back electromotive force detection unit for estimating the rotor position by detecting the back electromotive force zero point in the medium and high speed sections, and the back electromotive force detection unit provides input data for the Hall sensorless algorithm according to the real-time acquisition of the motor phase current.

[0038] The main control unit supports the floating point operation of the Hall sensorless algorithm by an STM32F3 microcontroller, and stores the algorithm by a storage position observer, i.e., a sliding mode observer.

[0039] The main control unit includes an STM32F3 microcontroller and a 75NF75 isolator, one end of the STM32F3 microcontroller is electrically connected with a resistor R51, one end of the resistor R51 is connected with a triode VT18, the collector of the triode VT18 is connected with a triode VT17, the base of the triode VT17 is connected with a resistor R53 and a diode VD4, the collector of the triode VT17 is connected with a diode VD7, one end of the diode VD7 is connected with a resistor R54 in series, and the resistor R54 and the 75NF75 isolator are connected with a triode VT16.

[0040] The STM32F3 generates a PWM signal through an algorithm, amplifies through a push-pull circuit composed of resistors R51, triodes (VT18, VT17, etc.), and realizes electrical isolation through the 75NF75 isolator to ensure the safety of the microcontroller.

[0041] The main control unit further includes a triode VT14, a triode VT13 and a triode VT15, the collector of the triode VT14 is connected with the base of the triode VT15, the emitter of the triode VT14 is connected with the base of the triode VT13, the collector of the triode VT15 is connected with the collector of the triode VT13, and the resistor R60 is connected in series between the collector of the triode VT15 and the collector of the triode VT13, and the resistor R58 is connected between the emitter of the triode VT14 and the base of the triode VT13.

[0042] The VT13, VT14 and VT15 in the drive circuit convert the PWM signal into high / low level to control the MOS tubes VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, VT5 and VT6 of the three-phase inverter bridge to switch and adjust the direction and amplitude of the motor winding current.

[0043] The back electromotive force detection unit includes a chip SH79F1611 and three-phase electricity, the chip SH79F1611 is electrically connected with MOS tubes VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, VT5 and VT6 outside, respectively, and the chip SH79F1611 and the three-phase electricity are connected with the voltage dividing resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6.

[0044] In the medium and high speed stage, when the motor rotates, the winding that is not turned on generates back electromotive force. The voltage dividing resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 sample the three-phase voltage, and the SH79F1611 chip detects the zero-crossing point of the back electromotive force.

[0045] The zero-crossing point corresponds to the rotor magnetic pole position, and the main control unit determines the commutation timing accordingly, adjusts the conduction sequence of the MOS tube, such as the six-step commutation method, to maintain the continuous operation of the motor.

[0046] In use, the Hall sensorless controller 8 is based on STM32F3 microcontroller, which generates PWM signals through algorithm, is amplified through the push-pull circuit composed of resistors R51, triodes VT18 and VT17, and is electrically isolated through 75NF75 isolator. The SH79F1611 chip and the voltage dividing resistor network monitor the three-phase voltage in real time. In the medium and high speed stages: when the motor rotates, the non-conducting winding generates back electromotive force. The voltage dividing resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 sample the three-phase voltage, and the SH79F1611 chip detects the zero-crossing point of the back electromotive force. The zero-crossing point corresponds to the rotor magnetic pole position, and the main control unit determines the commutation timing accordingly, adjusts the conduction sequence of the MOS tube, such as the six-step commutation method, to provide PWM signals for rotor position estimation in the medium and high speed stages, and controls the three-phase inverter bridge through the drive circuit (including triode and isolator) to adjust the motor phase current, realizing Hall sensorless motor control.

[0047] The Hall sensorless controller 8 is pressed in the PVC positioning basket 701, the top of the PVC positioning basket 701 is fixed with the support column 5, the bottom is suspended, and the side edge of the PVC positioning basket 701 is glued with a rubber strip to reduce the collision damage between the PVC positioning basket 701 and the inner wall of the support column 5. This structure can make the Hall sensorless controller 8 be taken out from the support column entirely, facilitating maintenance. When the electric bicycle is running, the wind enters the ventilation duct through the filtering sponge 903, and the bottom of the ventilation duct is communicated with the center of the support column. When the wind passes through the air duct, the external air can contact the control box 6, and the control box 6 is cooled. The device can improve the service life of the Hall sensorless controller, and reduce the investment and maintenance cost.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the utility model have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the utility model, and the scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A Hall sensor-less based controller for an electric bicycle, characterized by: The utility model provides a kind of bicycle, including main frame (1), the middle part of the main frame (1) is provided with crossbeam (2), the both ends of the crossbeam (2) are welded with front hub frame (3) and rear hub frame (4) respectively, the end of the crossbeam (2) close to rear hub frame (4) is welded with support seat (5), control box (6) and the detachable assembly (7) of facilitating control box (6) disassembly are provided in the support seat (5), no hall sensor controller (8) is installed in the control box (6); The detachable assembly (7) includes a PVC positioning basket (701) and an upper plug (702), the top of the PVC positioning basket (701) is fixedly connected to the support seat (5) by a screw, and the upper plug (702) is fixed to the top of the inner cavity of the PVC positioning basket (701). The support seat (5) is provided with a heat dissipation structure (9) for heat dissipation of the control box (6).

2. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 1, wherein: The heat dissipation structure (9) includes a heat dissipation channel (901), which is arranged in a U shape. The heat dissipation channel (901) is formed in the inner wall of the support seat (5), and the two ends of the heat dissipation channel (901) penetrate through the outer wall of the support seat (5).

3. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 2, wherein: The heat dissipation structure (9) further includes an air inlet pipe (902), one end of which penetrates through the support seat (5) and is threadedly connected to the support seat (5). The inner cavity of the air inlet pipe (902) is in communication with the heat dissipation channel (901). The air inlet pipe (902) is arranged in a trumpet shape, and a filter sponge (903) is glued in the air inlet pipe (902).

4. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 3, wherein: The top end of the upper plug (702), the top end of the support seat (5), and the top end of the PVC positioning basket (701) are all provided with an integrally formed outer edge (10). The upper surface of the outer edge (10) is provided with a threaded hole (11) for the penetration of a screw. The middle part of the upper plug (702) is provided with a threaded groove (12) for fixing a bicycle seat. The bottom end of the support seat (5) is welded with a mounting seat (13) for mounting a bicycle freewheel disc.

5. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 4, wherein: The no hall sensor controller includes a main control unit that executes a no hall sensor control algorithm and converts control signals into motor driving currents; A back electromotive force detection unit estimates the rotor position by detecting the zero-crossing point of the back electromotive force based on the real-time acquisition of the motor phase current by the main control unit. The main control unit and the back electromotive force detection unit are electrically connected.

6. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 5, wherein: The main control unit includes an STM32F3 microcontroller and a 75NF75 isolator. One end of the STM32F3 microcontroller is electrically connected with a resistor R51. One end of the resistor R51 is connected with a triode VT18. The collector of the triode VT18 is connected with a triode VT17. The base of the triode VT17 is connected with a resistor R53 and a diode VD4. The collector of the triode VT17 is connected with a diode VD7. One end of the diode VD7 is connected in series with a resistor R54. The resistor R54 and the 75NF75 isolator are connected in series with a triode VT16.

7. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 6, wherein: The main control unit further comprises a triode VT14, a triode VT13 and a triode VT15, the collector of the triode VT14 is connected with the base of the triode VT15, the emitter of the triode VT14 is connected with the base of the triode VT13, the collector of the triode VT15 is connected with the collector of the triode VT13, and the resistor R60 is connected in series between the collector of the triode VT15 and the collector of the triode VT13, and the resistor R58 is connected between the emitter of the triode VT14 and the base of the triode VT13.

8. A controller for a Hall sensor-less electrically assisted bicycle according to claim 7, wherein: The back electromotive force detection unit comprises a chip SH79F1611 and three-phase electricity, the outer part of the chip SH79F1611 is respectively electrically connected with a MOS tube VT1, a MOS tube VT2, a MOS tube VT3, a MOS tube VT4, a MOS tube VT5 and a MOS tube VT6, and the chip SH79F1611 and the three-phase electricity are connected with a voltage dividing resistor R1, a voltage dividing resistor R2, a voltage dividing resistor R3, a voltage dividing resistor R4, a voltage dividing resistor R5 and a voltage dividing resistor R6.

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