Simple pendulum type piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite wave energy power generation device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a simple pendulum type piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite wave energy power generation device, and belongs to the technical field of wave energy power generation. The device comprises an upper hemispherical shell, a lower hemispherical shell, an elastic limiting mechanism, a simple pendulum mechanism and a balancing weight, wherein the elastic limiting mechanism and the simple pendulum mechanism are mounted in the upper shell; the elastic limiting mechanism is used for limiting the swing amplitude of the simple pendulum mechanism, and the upper and lower hemispherical shells are connected to form a sealed sphere; the simple pendulum mechanism is composed of a swing support and a piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation set module, the top of the swing support is hinged to the top in the upper shell, the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation set module is horizontally fixed to the tail end of the swing support in a balanced state, the whole piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation set module is columnar, and piezoelectric power generation modules containing fixed magnets are arranged at the two ends of the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation set module. An electromagnetic power generation module including a coil and a moving magnet is arranged in the middle. According to the device, the repulsive force between the magnets is used for applying pressure to the piezoelectric power generation module, piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy collection mechanisms are combined, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to wave energy generation technical field, especially, a single pendulum type piezoelectric - electromagnetic composite wave energy generation device is provided. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the in-depth development of marine resources, real-time monitoring of marine environmental monitoring and equipment operating conditions becomes particularly important. Distributed monitoring nodes and marine equipment widely deploy sensors to collect and analyze marine data in real time. However, the existing battery and cable power supply methods have certain limitations: batteries need to be replaced frequently, increasing maintenance costs and possibly causing chemical leakage risks; cable power supply faces high laying costs, maintenance difficulties and potential impact on the marine environment. Therefore, as a clean and renewable energy source, wave energy has gradually become an important solution for self-power supply of marine equipment. However, traditional large-scale mechanical wave energy generation devices have problems such as large size, high installation and maintenance costs, and are difficult to meet the needs of small size, flexibility and reliability of marine equipment. In contrast, small wave energy generation devices have the characteristics of flexible deployment, high reliability and easy maintenance, and have become a research hotspot.

[0003] Existing small wave energy generation technologies mainly use piezoelectric, electromagnetic, triboelectric and other mechanisms, but these technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, in the piezoelectric energy harvesting device, common piezoelectric cantilever beams, although they have certain energy harvesting capabilities under low-frequency vibration, but due to their relatively simple structure and low energy output, they are difficult to meet the demand for efficient energy conversion in complex environments. Especially in the case of bearing large external force or long time vibration, piezoelectric cantilever beams are prone to material fatigue or damage, affecting the stability and durability of the equipment. In addition, traditional piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting systems are limited in frequency bandwidth and directivity, making it difficult to meet the demand for multi-directional and high-performance power supply.

[0004] In recent years, wave energy harvesting technology based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite mechanism has received widespread attention. Compared with single piezoelectric or electromagnetic energy harvesting technology, this composite mechanism can effectively compensate for its own shortcomings, significantly improve energy harvesting efficiency, broaden the working frequency band, and improve load adaptability, adapting to more complex and variable wave conditions. However, the existing composite technology has a complex structure and low energy conversion efficiency. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a single pendulum type piezoelectric - electromagnetic composite wave energy generation device to overcome the shortcomings of existing wave energy generation devices in terms of low energy conversion efficiency and complex structure, thereby realizing more efficient and more concise wave energy capture and conversion.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme of:

[0007] A single pendulum type piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite wave energy generating device, comprising upper and lower hemispherical shells, an elastic limiting mechanism and a single pendulum mechanism installed in the upper shell, and a counterweight installed in the lower shell; the elastic limiting mechanism is used to limit the swing amplitude of the single pendulum mechanism, and the upper and lower hemispherical shells are connected to form a sealed spherical body;

[0008] The single pendulum mechanism is composed of a swing support and a piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module, the top of the swing support is hinged to the top of the upper shell, and the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module is horizontally fixed at the end of the swing support in the balanced state; the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module is columnar as a whole, and is provided with a piezoelectric power generation module containing a permanent magnet at both ends and an electromagnetic power generation module containing a coil and a moving magnet in the middle.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the upper shell is provided with a fixed hinge seat for installing the swing support, and the elastic limiting mechanism is distributed on both sides of the fixed hinge seat and is symmetrical about the hinge shaft of the fixed hinge seat.

[0010] Preferably, the elastic limiting mechanism is a pair of obliquely installed elastic members, the elastic member includes a fixed plate and a movable plate, the movable plate is connected to the fixed plate by a pair of springs, and the included angle between the two movable plates in the pair of elastic members is greater than 90 degrees.

[0011] Preferably, the electromagnetic power generation module in the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module includes a first columnar body, a coil wound on the outer wall of the first columnar body, and a moving magnet located in the first columnar body.

[0012] Preferably, the cross section of the moving magnet is circular, and the edge of the moving magnet can slide in the first columnar body.

[0013] Preferably, the piezoelectric power generation module in the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module includes a second columnar body, a piezoelectric stack block with elastic members installed in the second columnar body, and a permanent magnet, the piezoelectric stack block with elastic members is in a pre-compressed state in the second columnar body, the permanent magnet is located close to the moving magnet, the outer end face of the second columnar body is sealed, and the inner end face is provided with a through hole with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second columnar body.

[0014] Preferably, the piezoelectric stack block with elastic members includes a spring, a spring support sheet and a piezoelectric stack block, the spring is clamped between two spring support sheets, one of the spring support sheets is attached to the permanent magnet, and the other spring support sheet is attached to the piezoelectric stack block.

[0015] Preferably, the electrodes of the piezoelectric stack block in the piezoelectric power generation module and the coil in the electromagnetic power generation module are connected to an electric energy collection circuit, and the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric stack block being extruded and deformed and the electric energy generated by the change of magnetic flux in the coil are stored through the electric energy collection circuit.

[0016] Preferably, the magnetic poles of the fixed magnets in the piezoelectric power generation modules at both ends are opposite to the magnetic pole of the moving magnet, and the magnetic poles of the two end faces of the moving magnet are both the same as the magnetic pole of the opposite fixed magnet.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom of the lower shell is a solid structure, the thickness of the solid structure is 1 / 8 to 1 / 4 of the diameter of the shell, and a recess for placing a counterweight is further arranged in the center of the solid structure, and the opening of the recess is provided with a cover plate.

[0018] The technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The technical scheme of the utility model utilizes the periodic motion characteristics of the simple pendulum structure with sea waves to drive the piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite power generation device to work, and the design of magnetic force acting on the piezoelectric stack block provides higher power density and conversion efficiency in limited space compared with the traditional piezoelectric cantilever beam. The overall structure of the device is simple, the simple pendulum device for energy capture and the piezoelectric device for energy conversion are integrated and designed, the number of mechanical components is reduced, the system complexity is reduced, and thus the maintenance cost and difficulty are significantly reduced. By adjusting the counterweight installed in the lower shell, the overall gravity distribution can be optimized, and the adaptability under different wave conditions can be improved.

[0020] The technical scheme of the utility model will be further described in detail below with the help of the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the single-pendulum piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite wave energy power generation device.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a front view of the simple pendulum mechanism.

[0023] Figure 3 It is an explosion schematic diagram of the power generation device.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a perspective view of the hidden part of the shell of the simple pendulum mechanism.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the elastic limiting mechanism installed in the upper shell.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the lower shell.

[0027] Figure 7 It is an optional electric energy collection circuit.

[0028] In the figure: upper shell 1, lower shell 2, rotating shaft 3, elastic limiting mechanism 4, single pendulum mechanism 5, packaging cover plate 6, piezoelectric stack 7, spring support sheet 8, spring 9, fixed magnet 10, moving magnet 11, coil 12, cover plate 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The utility model will be further explained in detail in connection with the drawings.

[0030] As Figures 1-2 shown, a single pendulum type piezoelectric-magnetic compound wave energy power generation device, including upper and lower hemispherical shell, install in the elastic limiting mechanism 4 and single pendulum mechanism 5 of upper shell and counterweight block installed in lower shell, upper and lower hemispherical shell includes two parts, is upper shell 1 and lower shell 2 respectively, the upper shell 1 is connected with lower shell 2 and constitutes a sealed sphere. The elastic limiting mechanism 4 is used to limit the swing amplitude of single pendulum mechanism 5.

[0031] As Figures 3-4 shown, the single pendulum mechanism is composed of swing support and piezoelectric-magnetic power generation group module, swing support top is hinged with upper shell inner top, and piezoelectric-magnetic power generation group module is horizontally fixed at swing support end in balanced state, and piezoelectric-magnetic power generation group module is columnar as a whole, and piezoelectric power generation module containing fixed magnet is arranged at both ends, and electromagnetic power generation module containing coil and moving magnet is arranged in the middle. Piezoelectric power generation module works by using the non-contact magnetic repulsion between fixed magnet and moving magnet in electromagnetic power generation module.

[0032] In the embodiment, the electromagnetic power generation module in the piezoelectric-magnetic power generation group module includes first columnar body, coil wound on the outer wall of the first columnar body and moving magnet located in the first columnar body, the cross section of the moving magnet is circular, and the edge of the moving magnet can slide in the first columnar body without overturning under the swing action of the single pendulum mechanism. The piezoelectric power generation module in the piezoelectric-magnetic power generation group module includes second columnar body, piezoelectric stack with elastic member and fixed magnet installed in the second columnar body, the piezoelectric stack with elastic member is in the second columnar body and in pre-compressed state, the fixed magnet is located near the moving magnet, the outer end face of the second columnar body is sealed, and the inner end face is provided with a through hole with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second columnar body. The piezoelectric stack with elastic member includes spring, spring support sheet and piezoelectric stack, the spring is clamped between two spring support sheets, one of the spring support sheets is attached to the fixed magnet, and the other spring support sheet is attached to the piezoelectric stack, and the piezoelectric stack is located at the outer end of the second columnar body and is packaged by the cover plate 13.

[0033] The magnetic poles of the fixed magnets in the piezoelectric power generation modules at both ends are opposite to the magnetic poles of the moving magnets, and the magnetic poles of the end faces of the moving magnets are the same as the magnetic poles of the opposite fixed magnets. Under this design, the moving magnets move between the fixed magnets, the external coil cuts the magnetic induction lines to generate current, and the magnetic repulsion force between the moving magnets and the fixed magnets is transmitted to the piezoelectric stack through the pre-pressing spring, and the piezoelectric stack deforms to output electric energy. The power generation device combines piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy collection mechanisms to improve energy conversion efficiency, and uses the repulsive force between the magnets to apply pressure to the piezoelectric stack. The pre-pressing spring in front of the piezoelectric stack ensures that the piezoelectric stack can withstand a larger external load, and has good durability. The composite energy conversion mechanism, the pre-pressing design of the piezoelectric stack, and the integrated design effectively improve the utilization rate of wave energy.

[0034] As shown in Figure 5 The top of the upper shell is provided with a fixed hinge seat for mounting the swing bracket, and the elastic limiting mechanisms are distributed on both sides of the fixed hinge seat and are symmetrical about the hinge axis of the fixed hinge seat. In this embodiment, the elastic limiting mechanisms are a pair of inclined elastic members, which include a fixed plate and a movable plate. The movable plate is connected to the fixed plate by a pair of springs. The included angle between the two movable plates in the pair of elastic members is greater than 90 degrees, which can be adjusted according to the experience of those skilled in the art to ensure that the simple pendulum mechanism does not collide with the shell when it is at the maximum swing angle. By limiting the swing amplitude, the overall structural stability can also be ensured.

[0035] As shown in Figure 6 The bottom of the lower shell is a solid structure, the thickness of the solid structure is 1 / 8 to 1 / 4 of the diameter of the shell, and a recess for placing the counterweight is further provided in the center of the solid structure. The recess opening is provided with a cover plate. By adjusting the weight of the counterweight, the overall center of gravity distribution of the device can be optimized.

[0036] In the piezoelectric part, the piezoelectric stack is usually stacked by a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets. Each piezoelectric ceramic sheet is a thin sheet with electrodes on its surface. These electrodes are used to induce electric charges. Piezoelectric ceramic material has a special crystal structure. When there is no external force, the positive and negative charge centers inside the material coincide, and the whole material is electrically neutral. When subjected to external pressure, the crystal structure deforms, causing the positive and negative charge centers to move relative to each other, thereby generating electric charges on the surface of the material. The amount of electric charge and voltage generated by a single piezoelectric ceramic sheet is usually small. By stacking multiple piezoelectric ceramic sheets, when external force acts on the entire stack, each piezoelectric ceramic sheet generates a piezoelectric effect, and the electric charges and voltages generated by them are superimposed, thereby obtaining a larger amount of electric charge and a higher output voltage, improving the piezoelectric conversion efficiency and meeting the requirements of actual applications for electric energy output. The electrodes of the piezoelectric stack are connected to an electric energy collection circuit, and the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric stack when it is deformed by pressure is stored through the electric energy collection circuit.

[0037] In the electromagnetic part, the moving magnet has a magnetic field, when it moves left and right inside the coil, the magnetic field strength and direction of the position where the coil is located will change, resulting in the number of magnetic field lines through the coil changes, that is, the magnetic flux changes. For example, when the moving magnet moves to the right, the magnetic field strength of a certain area in the coil may be enhanced, so that the magnetic field lines through the area increase, and the magnetic flux increases; on the contrary, when the moving magnet moves to the left, the magnetic flux may decrease. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when the magnetic flux through a closed circuit changes, an induced electromotive force will be generated in the circuit. The greater the rate of change of the magnetic flux, the greater the induced electromotive force. In the process of moving the magnet left and right, the magnetic flux changes continuously, and an induced electromotive force will be generated in the coil. The coil is a closed circuit, and under the action of the induced electromotive force, the free electrons in the coil will move directionally under the action of the electric field force, thereby forming an induced current. Connect the coil to the electric energy collection circuit, and the electric energy generated by the change of the magnetic flux in the coil is stored through the electric energy collection circuit.

[0038] As shown in Figure 7 An optional electric energy collection circuit is shown, the electric energy generated by two piezoelectric power generation modules and a coil is converted into direct current through a rectifier and voltage stabilizing circuit, which mainly includes a bridge rectifier circuit, a filter capacitor, a voltage stabilizer, a load, etc.

[0039] The bridge rectifier circuit converts the alternating current generated by the piezoelectric stack and the coil into direct current; the polarity of the electric charge generated by the piezoelectric stack due to external force will change over time, and the output is an alternating current signal. Similarly, the periodic change of the magnetic flux will cause the direction of the induced electromotive force and the induced current generated in the coil to change periodically, thereby forming an alternating current, and most loads need direct current power supply. The bridge rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of four diodes, regardless of the polarity of the input alternating current voltage, the current can flow through the load in the same direction, thereby realizing the rectification function.

[0040] The filter capacitor is used to smooth the rectified direct current voltage and reduce the voltage ripple, and can also store electric energy. Although the bridge rectifier circuit can convert alternating current into direct current, the output direct current voltage will have certain fluctuations and exist ripple. The filter capacitor stores electric charge when the voltage rises and releases electric charge when the voltage decreases, to reduce the fluctuation amplitude of the voltage and make the output voltage more stable. The principle of the filter capacitor is that when the rectified voltage is higher than the voltage across the capacitor, the capacitor is charged and stores electric energy; when the rectified voltage is lower than the voltage across the capacitor, the capacitor discharges and provides current to the load, thereby playing a role in smoothing the voltage. The larger the capacity of the capacitor, the better the filtering effect, and the closer the output direct current voltage to the ideal smooth direct current.

[0041] The voltage stabilizer is used for stabilizing the output voltage, so that it is not affected by the input voltage fluctuation, load change or environmental factors, etc., to provide a stable power supply for the load. Although the filtered DC voltage is smoothed, it may still fluctuate due to the instability of the piezoelectric stack, the coil output, the change of the load and other factors. The voltage stabilizer can limit the fluctuation within a very small range, and ensure that the output voltage remains at a fixed value or varies within a very small allowed range.

[0042] The load can be various sensors, which can work under the input voltage of the circuit.

[0043] The working process and working principle of the utility model are:

[0044] When the device is placed on the sea surface and there is no vibration in the outside world, the pendulum mechanism is perpendicular to the sea level under the action of gravity, and is in a static state, and the device does not generate electric energy.

[0045] When the wave fluctuates, the pendulum mechanism reciprocates with the wave, the moving magnet 11 in the inside moves left and right relative to the external coil 12, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the magnetic flux in the coil 12 changes, thereby generating an electric signal in it.

[0046] At the same time, the left and right movement of the moving magnet 11 will generate repulsive force on the two side magnets, and will be transmitted to the piezoelectric stack through the pre-pressed spring 9, so that it is deformed under stress and generates electric charge output, realizing the conversion of mechanical and electrical energy.

[0047] The power generation device provided by the utility model combines piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy collection mechanisms, improves the energy conversion efficiency, efficiently converts the mechanical energy of the pendulum movement into electric energy, and is suitable for wave energy generation and power supply of wireless sensor networks.

[0048] The above enumeration is only a specific embodiment of the utility model. Obviously, the utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and there can be many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or inferred from the disclosed content by those skilled in the art should be considered as the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A single pendulum piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite wave energy power generation device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of ball-shaped energy conversion device, including upper and lower hemispherical shell, elastic limiting mechanism and simple pendulum mechanism installed in upper shell, and counterweight installed in lower shell;The elastic limiting mechanism is used to limit the swing amplitude of simple pendulum mechanism, and upper and lower hemispherical shell is connected to form a sealed ball; The simple pendulum mechanism is composed of swing support and piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module, swing support top is hinged with the top of upper shell, and piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module is fixed horizontally at the end of swing support in balanced state, and piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module is columnar as a whole, and piezoelectric power generation module including permanent magnet is arranged at both ends, and electromagnetic power generation module including coil and moving magnet is arranged in the middle.

2. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic compound wave energy generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the upper shell is provided with a fixed hinge seat for mounting the swing support, and the elastic limiting mechanisms are distributed on both sides of the fixed hinge seat, symmetric about the hinge axis of the fixed hinge seat.

3. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic compound wave energy generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic limiting mechanism is a pair of obliquely mounted elastic members, which include a fixed plate and a movable plate, the movable plate is connected to the fixed plate by a pair of springs, and the included angle of the two movable plates in the pair of elastic members is greater than 90 degrees.

4. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic compound wave energy generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic power generation module in the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module includes a first columnar body, a coil wound on the outer wall of the first columnar body, and a moving magnet located in the first columnar body.

5. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic hybrid wave energy generator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross section of the moving magnet is circular, and the edge of the moving magnet can slide in the first columnar body.

6. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic hybrid wave energy generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric power generation module in the piezoelectric-electromagnetic power generation module includes a second columnar body, a piezoelectric stack with elastic members mounted in the second columnar body, and a permanent magnet, the piezoelectric stack with elastic members is in a pre-compressed state in the second columnar body, the permanent magnet is located near the moving magnet, the outer end face of the second columnar body is sealed, and the inner end face is provided with a through hole with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second columnar body.

7. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic hybrid wave energy generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The piezoelectric stack with elastic members includes a spring, a spring support sheet and a piezoelectric stack, the spring is clamped between two spring support sheets, one of the spring support sheets is attached to the permanent magnet, and the other spring support sheet is attached to the piezoelectric stack.

8. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic hybrid wave energy generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrodes of the piezoelectric stack in the piezoelectric power generation module and the coil in the electromagnetic power generation module are connected to an electric energy collection circuit, and the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric stack being deformed and the electric energy generated by the change of magnetic flux in the coil are stored through the electric energy collection circuit.

9. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic hybrid wave energy power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The poles of the permanent magnets in the piezoelectric power generation modules at both ends face opposite poles of the moving magnet, and the poles of the end faces of the moving magnet are the same as the opposite poles of the permanent magnets.

10. The single pendulum piezoelectric-magnetic hybrid wave energy power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the lower shell is a solid structure, the thickness of the solid structure is 1 / 8 to 1 / 4 of the diameter of the shell, and a groove for placing the counterweight is further provided in the center of the solid structure, and the groove opening is provided with a cover plate.

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