Multifunctional air tap and laser drilling machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multifunctional air tap and a laser drilling machine. The multifunctional air nozzle comprises a first shell, a nozzle and a second shell, the first shell is provided with a first channel, an air blowing opening is formed in the outer wall of the first shell, the air blowing opening is connected with the first channel, and the air blowing opening is used for conveying first air to the first channel. The nozzle is connected with the first channel and used for discharging the first gas. The nozzle and the first channel allow light beams to penetrate through the first shell in the preset direction. The second shell is installed on the first shell and provided with a second channel, the nozzle is sleeved with the second channel, the inner wall of the second channel and the outer wall of the nozzle define a dust removal channel, the outer wall of the second shell is provided with a dust suction opening, the dust suction opening is connected with the dust removal channel, and the dust suction opening is used for providing negative pressure for the dust removal channel. And through the air blowing opening and the dust suction opening, the functions of equipment protection, air blowing and cooling are achieved at the same time, and the machining efficiency of the laser galvanometer is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser drilling equipment, in particular to a multifunctional gas nozzle and a laser drilling machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] Laser drilling has the characteristics of non-contact processing, avoids tool wear and material deformation, and can process relatively complex hole types, which has obvious advantages compared with general mechanical drilling. When drilling, the workpiece material is melted or vaporized by the high energy of the beam, which will produce residues and plasma, at this time the role of the gas nozzle is crucial, it needs to discharge residues through gas jet, reduce heat accumulation, and protect the laser light path and equipment.

[0003] In the prior art, the gas nozzle has many deficiencies. Most gas nozzles use a paraxial blowing method, which is easy to interfere with the workpiece when processing complex irregular surfaces. Moreover, the gas flow characteristics of paraxial blowing are not good, and the protective gas is not evenly distributed. If the position and blowing angle of the gas nozzle are not properly set, it will cause the residues in the hole to be discharged in time, affecting the processing efficiency and quality. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] Therefore, a multifunctional gas nozzle and a laser drilling machine are provided to solve the problem of poor blowing effect of the nozzle, which affects the processing efficiency and quality.

[0005] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a multifunctional gas nozzle, comprising:

[0006] A first shell is provided with a first channel, and a blowing port is opened on the outer wall of the first shell, the blowing port is connected with the first channel, and the blowing port is used to convey a first gas to the first channel;

[0007] A nozzle is connected with the first channel and used to discharge the first gas; the nozzle and the first channel are used for the light beam to pass through the first shell in a preset direction;

[0008] A second shell is mounted on the first shell, and the second shell is provided with a second channel, the second channel is sleeved outside the nozzle, and the inner wall of the second channel and the outer wall of the nozzle define a dust removal channel, a dust suction port is opened on the outer wall of the second shell, the dust suction port is connected with the dust removal channel, and the dust suction port is used to provide negative pressure to the dust removal channel.

[0009] In one embodiment, the multifunctional gas nozzle further comprises a separation assembly, and the separation assembly comprises:

[0010] A separation plate is arranged in the first channel, and the first channel is separated into a protection cavity and a blowing cavity along the preset direction, and the blowing cavity is communicated with the blowing port;

[0011] An isolation window is arranged on the isolation plate, and the isolation window is configured to allow the light beam to pass through in the preset direction.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the isolation plate is provided with an isolation opening groove for embedding the isolation window.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the first shell is provided with a protective gas inlet connected with the protection cavity, and the protective gas inlet is used to deliver the second gas to the protection cavity.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the protective gas inlet and the blowing port are staggered in the preset direction.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, the first shell is provided with a mounting opening groove connected with the protection cavity, and the mounting opening groove is used to be sealingly connected with the field lens.

[0016] In one of the embodiments, the second shell is provided with a mounting port for mounting the nozzle.

[0017] In one of the embodiments, the nozzle is configured as a Laval nozzle.

[0018] In one of the embodiments, the first shell comprises:

[0019] A first sub-shell, and the blowing port is arranged in the first sub-shell;

[0020] A second sub-shell, and the second sub-shell is sealingly connected with the first sub-shell and sealingly connected with the second shell.

[0021] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present application proposes a laser drilling machine, which comprises a field lens and the multifunctional nozzle according to any one of the above embodiments, and the multifunctional nozzle is mounted on the field lens.

[0022] According to the multifunctional gas nozzle and the laser drilling machine, the blowing port is connected to the first gas, and the gas is sprayed from the nozzle in the form of high-speed jet. The high-speed gas jet can blow the residues out of the micro hole, so that the material removal is more smooth, and the material removal rate is improved. The first gas sprayed from the blowing port can effectively take away heat during rapid contact with the workpiece, reduce the temperature of the workpiece, and reduce the range of the heat affected zone, thereby improving the processing quality. The dust suction port provides negative pressure to form suction in the dust removal channel. When the residues in the micro hole are blown out by the blowing port, the residues will enter the dust removal channel with the airflow, and be transported to the outside under the action of the negative pressure of the dust suction port, avoiding the residues remaining in the processing environment. The blowing port and the dust suction port cooperate with each other, the blowing port is responsible for blowing gas to realize residue removal and cooling, and the dust suction port is responsible for collecting residues to prevent the residues from damaging the equipment, and the two work together to realize the protection of the equipment, the blowing and cooling functions. The dust collection function effectively solves the problem that the residues cannot be removed in time in the traditional blowing mode, so that the laser processing process is more smooth, and the problems of processing interruption and precision reduction caused by residue accumulation are reduced, thereby improving the laser galvanometer processing efficiency and the overall processing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A sectional view of the multifunctional gas nozzle of an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic view of the light beam transmission space in the multifunctional gas nozzle of an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 A structural schematic view of the multifunctional gas nozzle of an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] REFERENCE SIGNS:

[0027] 10, first shell; 101, first sub-shell; 102, second sub-shell; 11, first channel; 111, protection cavity; 112, blowing cavity; 12, blowing port; 13, protection gas inlet; 14, mounting opening slot;

[0028] 20, second shell; 21, dust removal channel; 22, dust suction port; 23, mounting port;

[0029] 30, nozzle;

[0030] 40, isolation plate; 41, isolation opening slot; 42, isolation window body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present application more clear and comprehensible, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced in a number of different ways beyond the specific embodiments described herein and by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and it is therefore intended that all such variations be considered as falling within the scope of the present application. It should be understood that the use of the terms "include", "comprise" or "contain" herein should not be understood as limiting the present application to the features or steps described herein, but rather the use of these terms is intended to cover the presence of the features or steps described herein as well as the presence of other features or steps not described herein.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if these terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0033] In addition, if these terms "first", "second" appear, these terms are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features referred to. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can include at least one of the features explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present application, if the term "a plurality of" appears, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0034] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, if the terms "mount", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like appear, these terms should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication or interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] In the present application, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, if there is a description of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature, etc., it can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "over" and "on" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is higher in horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature "below", "under" and "under" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is lower in horizontal height than the second feature.

[0036] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "provided on" another element, it can be directly on another element or there can be a middle element. If an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to another element or there can be a middle element. If present, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in the present application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation.

[0037] At present, the existing air nozzle body adopts a simple conical structure and is designed as two layers of inner and outer. The upper end of the outer shell is a columnar structure, connected to the outside through a connecting piece, and the side wall of the outer shell is provided with a through port for air inlet; the lower end and the inner layer are both conical structures, the inner layer is used as a laser channel, and an airflow channel is formed between the inner and outer layers, only having a blowing function. The inner air nozzle and the outer air nozzle are fixed by threads to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0038] It is found through research that the existing air nozzle has many drawbacks. The existing air nozzle is mostly a side-shaft blowing nozzle, which may interfere with the workpiece when processing complex and special-shaped curved surfaces. Even if a side-shaft blowing nozzle is used for blowing processing, its gas flow characteristics are not as stable and uniform as that of a same-shaft blowing nozzle, which is easy to cause uneven distribution of protective gas. In addition, improper arrangement of the position and blowing angle of the side-shaft blowing nozzle will cause the residues in the hole to be unable to be quickly discharged in time, thereby affecting the processing efficiency and quality. In addition, the design and installation of the side-shaft blowing nozzle are relatively complex, and additional gas paths and control devices are required, which undoubtedly increases the complexity and cost of the equipment.

[0039] The same-shaft air nozzle also has problems. The errors generated in the mechanical processing and assembly process may cause part of the light beam to be blocked by the air nozzle, affecting the processing effect. At the same time, the existing air nozzle has a single function and does not have dust suction capability, and the debris generated in the hole during processing cannot be quickly discharged in time. In addition, the same-shaft air nozzle has a small air outlet, which will affect the laser scanning range. At present, part of the air nozzle is only used for blowing and does not have the function of protecting the focusing field lens, and needs to be separately installed with a protective lens or used in cooperation with other protective devices.

[0040] Based on the above considerations, in order to solve the above problems, the inventors have designed a multifunctional air nozzle and a laser drilling machine after deep research. The multifunctional air nozzle is a multifunctional coaxial air nozzle integrating the functions of protective gas, blowing, dust collection and cooling.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the multifunctional air nozzle of an embodiment of the present application. At least one embodiment of the present application proposes a multifunctional air nozzle, which comprises a first shell 10, a nozzle 30 and a second shell 20. The first shell 10 is provided with a first channel 11. A blowing port 12 is formed in the outer wall of the first shell 10 and is connected to the first channel 11. The blowing port 12 is used to deliver a first gas to the first channel 11. The nozzle 30 is connected to the first channel 11 and is used to discharge the first gas. The nozzle 30 and the first channel 11 are used to guide a light beam to pass through the first shell 10 in a preset direction. The second shell 20 is mounted on the first shell 10 and is provided with a second channel. The second channel is sleeved outside the nozzle 30, and the inner wall of the second channel and the outer wall of the nozzle 30 define a dust removal channel 21. A dust removal port 22 is formed in the outer wall of the second shell 20 and is connected to the dust removal channel 21. The dust removal port 22 is used to provide negative pressure to the dust removal channel 21. In the multifunctional air nozzle, Figure 1 , Z is the axis of the multifunctional air nozzle, and the preset direction is indicated by the Z direction in Figure 1 .

[0042] According to the multifunctional air nozzle of the embodiments of the present application, when the multifunctional air nozzle of the embodiments of the present application is used, the laser beam passes through the first shell 10 and the nozzle 30 in the preset direction and is focused on the workpiece under the guidance of the first shell 10 and the nozzle 30, so that the workpiece material is rapidly melted and vaporized under the action of high energy, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling. The blowing port 12 is connected to the first gas, and the first gas can be selected from gases with a certain pressure such as compressed air. These gases are sprayed out of the nozzle 30 in the form of high-speed jets. During the laser drilling process, some residues will be generated. If these residues are not removed in time, they will accumulate in the micro-holes and affect subsequent processing. The high-speed gas jet can blow these residues out of the micro-holes, making the material removal more smooth, and thus improving the material removal rate. During laser drilling, the energy of the laser beam can cause the local temperature of the workpiece to rise sharply. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, the material will be overheated, the performance of the material will change, and a large heat-affected zone may be formed around the workpiece, affecting the precision and quality of the workpiece. The first gas sprayed from the blowing port 12 can effectively take away the heat during the rapid contact with the workpiece, reduce the temperature of the workpiece, and reduce the range of the heat-affected zone, thereby improving the processing quality.

[0043] The dust suction port 22 provides a negative pressure to form a suction force in the dust removal channel 21. After the residues in the micro-holes are blown out by the blowing port 12, the residues enter the dust removal channel 21 along with the airflow, and are transported to the outside under the action of the negative pressure of the dust suction port 22, thereby avoiding the residues remaining in the processing environment. The blowing port 12 and the dust suction port 22 cooperate with each other, the blowing port 12 is responsible for blowing gas to achieve residue removal and cooling, and the dust suction port 22 is responsible for collecting residues to prevent the residues from damaging the equipment, and the two work together to achieve the functions of protecting the equipment, blowing and cooling. The dust suction function effectively solves the problem that the residues cannot be removed in time in the traditional blowing mode, makes the laser processing process more smooth, reduces the problems of processing interruption and precision reduction caused by residue accumulation, and further improves the laser galvanometer processing efficiency and the overall processing efficiency.

[0044] In some embodiments, the nozzle 30 is configured as a Laval nozzle 30. The Laval nozzle 30 is a nozzle 30 designed according to the isentropic flow equation, and the shape of the nozzle 30 is first contracted and then expanded. In the contraction section, the gas is extruded, and the flow rate gradually increases; when reaching the throat, the gas flow rate reaches the speed of sound; after entering the expansion section, the gas is further accelerated, and finally an ultrasonic gas jet is generated. The flow field distribution at the inlet and outlet of the nozzle 30 is relatively uniform, which is a very key characteristic. In the laser processing process, the light beam needs to be stably transmitted to the workpiece surface for processing. If the flow field of the nozzle 30 is unstable, refraction, scattering and other phenomena may occur to the light beam, affecting the processing precision and effect. The uniform flow field of the Laval nozzle 30 does not cause great interference to the transmission of the light beam, thereby ensuring the stability of the laser processing. The Laval nozzle 30 can realize efficient conversion of the energy of the airflow, convert the heat energy of the airflow into kinetic energy, and thereby accelerate the gas to supersonic speed. The kinetic energy of the gas is proportional to the square of the speed, and the supersonic airflow has extremely high kinetic energy. In the laser drilling process, the high-speed airflow can generate a strong blowing force, more effectively blow out the residues and other impurities in the micro-holes, improve the material removal rate, and thereby improve the processing efficiency.

[0045] It can be understood that the nozzle 30 can also be configured as a conventional nozzle 30, which can be replaced according to the actual needs of the user to cooperate with different scanning equipment, such as a rotary cutting device, a field lens configured with a multi-axis galvanometer, a focusing objective lens or other equipment with a light beam focusing or scanning function.

[0046] In some embodiments, specifically, the nozzle 30 is connected with the second shell 20 through threads, and a sealing structure such as a sealing groove and a sealing ring is arranged at the connection.

[0047] Through the above arrangement, the threaded connection is convenient to install and disassemble. In the production, installation and debugging and later maintenance process of the air nozzle, if it is necessary to replace or repair the nozzle 30 or the second shell 20 separately, the threaded connection can conveniently separate or assemble the two by the operator, thereby improving the convenience and efficiency of the operation. Secondly, the threaded connection can provide reliable connection strength. By tightening the thread, the nozzle 30 and the second shell 20 can be tightly combined to ensure that they will not easily loosen during the laser drilling process even if they are subjected to external forces such as vibration and airflow impact, thereby ensuring the stability of the air nozzle structure and the reliability of the entire machining process.

[0048] In addition, the sealing structure, such as the sealing groove and the sealing ring, is arranged at the connection to ensure the air tightness and functionality of the air nozzle. When the air nozzle is working, the blowing port 12 will be connected to the first gas, and the dust suction port 22 will generate negative pressure. If the connection between the nozzle 30 and the second shell 20 is not sealed tightly, gas leakage will occur. For the blowing function, gas leakage will cause the blowing gas pressure and flow to be unstable, affecting the cleaning effect of the residues in the micro-holes, reducing the material removal rate, and thus affecting the machining efficiency. For the dust suction function, leakage will make it difficult to form negative pressure in the dust suction channel, resulting in failure to timely remove the residues, which will not only pollute the machining environment but also cause damage to the equipment, affecting the normal operation and service life of the equipment. The sealing groove provides a mounting position for the sealing ring, so that the sealing ring can better play a sealing role. The sealing ring is usually made of materials with good elasticity and sealing performance, such as rubber. After installation, the sealing ring will be squeezed between the nozzle 30 and the second shell 20 to fill the small gap at the connection and prevent gas leakage, ensuring the normal operation of various functions of the air nozzle.

[0049] Referring to FIGS. 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a schematic view of the light beam transmission space in the multifunctional air nozzle of an embodiment of the present application. The nozzle 30 and the first channel 11 supply the light beam to pass through the first shell 10 in a predetermined direction. The light beam transmission space A through which the light beam passes is shown in Figure 2As shown. To prevent the light beam from interfering with the multifunctional air nozzle, causing part of the laser to be blocked by the multifunctional air nozzle structure, the multifunctional air nozzle is designed with a stepped design inside, limiting the output design of the air nozzle, that is, the distance between the multifunctional air nozzle outlet and the laser focal point. Considering that the light beam has a certain inclination angle, the actual outlet size of the multifunctional air nozzle is larger than the processing range. By analyzing the processing requirements, processing range and working distance, the spatial scanning range of the laser is obtained, and the internal size structure design of the air nozzle is all outside the spatial scanning range, ensuring that the light beam transmission space will not interfere with the multifunctional air nozzle. After a series of design optimization, the problem of light beam being blocked by the air nozzle structure is successfully solved. When the laser beam is transmitted without obstruction, its energy can be more concentratedly focused on the small area on the workpiece, improving the focusing effect, making the laser beam form a smaller and more concentrated spot on the workpiece surface, thereby improving the focusing quality. This is crucial for high-precision laser processing, such as fine hole making and micro-processing, and can effectively improve the processing precision and product quality.

[0050] In some embodiments, the multifunctional air nozzle in the embodiments of the present application has a total length designed according to the laser focal length, a small working distance, and only 5mm.

[0051] Referring to Figure 1 In some embodiments, the multifunctional air nozzle further comprises an isolation assembly, which comprises an isolation plate 40 and an isolation window body 42. The isolation plate 40 is arranged in the first channel 11, and separates the first channel 11 into a protection cavity 111 and a blowing cavity 112 along a predetermined direction. The blowing cavity 112 is in communication with the blowing port 12. The isolation window body 42 is arranged on the isolation plate 40, and is configured to allow the light beam to pass through along the predetermined direction. Specifically, the isolation window body 42 is configured as a protective lens.

[0052] Through the above arrangement, the isolation plate 40 builds two spaces with different functions in the first channel 11, namely the protection cavity 111 and the blowing cavity 112. The blowing cavity 112 is in communication with the blowing port 12. When the blowing port 12 is connected to the first gas, the gas enters the blowing cavity 112 and is then sprayed out through the nozzle 30, which is used to remove the residues generated during the processing process and cool the processing area. The protection cavity 111 is used to protect the optical element from the influence of debris, high temperature and other adverse factors generated during the processing process. Through this separation design, the separation and optimization of the gas path function are realized, ensuring that each function does not interfere with each other and runs efficiently.

[0053] The isolation window 42 as an important part of the isolation assembly, on the one hand, ensures that the laser beam can pass through smoothly and continue to propagate in the preset direction to realize the processing of the workpiece; on the other hand, it acts as a protective lens to prevent the gas, dust, debris, etc. in the blowing cavity 112 from entering the protection cavity 111, thereby protecting the optical elements such as the field mirror. Without this layer of protection, debris generated during processing may contaminate the field mirror, affecting the focusing effect of the light beam, reducing the laser output power, and ultimately resulting in unsatisfactory processing results. The protective lens is usually made of materials with good optical properties, high temperature resistance and anti-pollution, such as quartz glass, etc., which can not only meet the requirements of optical transmission, but also have good protection performance.

[0054] In some embodiments, the isolation plate 40 is provided with an isolation opening slot 41 for embedding the isolation window 42. Specifically, the isolation opening slot 41 is used to install the isolation window, which is used to isolate the first gas and prevent the first gas from blowing into the field mirror away from the nozzle 30. The isolation opening slot 41 provides a precise installation position for the isolation window 42. Through this embedded design, the isolation window 42 can be stably installed on the isolation plate 40, ensuring that it does not displace during the operation of the gas nozzle. Stable installation is the basis for the isolation window 42 to function, which can ensure that it is always in the correct position and effectively separates the protection cavity 111 and the blowing cavity 112. When the gas nozzle is working, the first gas introduced through the blowing port 12 flows in the blowing cavity 112 and is blown out from the nozzle 30 to achieve the functions of removing residues and cooling. The isolation opening slot 41 cooperates with the isolation window 42 (usually a protective lens) to form an effective barrier to prevent the first gas from entering the protection cavity 111, thereby avoiding its impact on the field mirror and ensuring the normal operation of the laser processing system.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first shell 10 is provided with a protective gas inlet 13 connected to the protection cavity 111, which is used to deliver the second gas to the protection cavity 111. Specifically, the second gas is configured as a protective gas. The protective gas is used to prevent the debris generated by laser processing from contaminating the field mirror, resulting in poor focusing effect of the light beam, reducing the laser output power, and unsatisfactory processing results. The internal design of the isolation opening slot 41 places the protective lens and separates it from the middle blowing cavity 112, a sealing groove is designed at the connection with the field mirror, and a sealing ring is placed in the sealing groove to improve the air tightness. Good air tightness can prevent external debris from entering the protection area through the gap, and also ensures that the protective gas does not leak, so that it forms a stable protection environment in the protection cavity 111 and better plays the role of protecting the field mirror.

[0056] In some embodiments, the inner periphery of the blowing port 12, the dust suction port 22 and the protective gas inlet 13 is provided with an internal thread to facilitate connection with external equipment.

[0057] Specifically, the first gas is configured as compressed air, the blowing port 12 is connected to the outside through the internal thread, the compressed air is input from the outside, and after entering the first shell 10, the upper part is blocked by the isolation window 42, the gas can only flow to the bottom of the gas nozzle, and is accelerated to supersonic speed by the Laval nozzle 30 and sprayed out.

[0058] Specifically, the dust suction port 22 is connected to the external industrial dust collector through the connecting piece, and during the laser drilling process, the dust suction channel generates internal negative pressure by connecting the dust collector to suck the residues and plasma blown by the high-speed airflow. The residues and the like sucked in enter the inside of the dust collector through the pipeline and can be cleaned regularly.

[0059] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The structure of the multifunctional gas nozzle is shown in the schematic view of an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the protective gas inlet 13 and the blowing port 12 are staggered in a preset direction. The staggered arrangement allows the protective gas inlet 13 and the blowing port 12 to coexist in a limited space without interfering with each other, thereby improving the space utilization of the entire gas nozzle structure. Further improving the space utilization facilitates the compression of the structure size in the axial direction, avoids the unreasonable layout leading to the excessive length of the gas nozzle in the axial direction, and enables the gas nozzle to better adapt to various different equipment and processing environments, ensuring that the two functions of blowing and protective gas delivery can be performed stably and efficiently, and protecting the overall performance of the gas nozzle.

[0060] Referring to Figure 1 In some embodiments, the first shell 10 is provided with a mounting opening slot 14 connected with the protective cavity 111, and the mounting opening slot 14 is used for sealing connection with the field lens. Specifically, the first shell 10 is connected with the field lens through a thread to achieve a coaxial connection effect, and the slot bottom of the mounting opening slot 14 is combined and fixed with the bottom surface of the field lens.

[0061] In some embodiments, the second shell 20 is provided with a mounting port 23 for mounting the nozzle 30. The nozzle 30 is designed in the second shell 20 and is coaxially fixed through a thread, and a sealing groove is further provided to ensure the sealing property.

[0062] By the above arrangement, the mounting hole 23 provides a precise mounting position for the nozzle 30, enabling the nozzle 30 to be accurately installed within the second housing 20. This design ensures the stability of the nozzle 30 in the entire air nozzle structure, avoiding the situation of position deviation of the nozzle 30 during use, which in turn affects the normal operation of the air nozzle. The threaded connection can tightly combine the nozzle 30 with the second housing 20, ensuring that the nozzle 30 will not easily loosen even under the action of external forces such as gas flow impact and vibration during the operation of the air nozzle. The coaxial fixation through threaded connection can ensure that the central axis of the nozzle 30 is consistent with the central axis of the second housing 20. This guarantee of coaxiality is crucial for the performance of the air nozzle, as it enables the gas entering from the blowing port 12 to be uniformly sprayed out through the nozzle 30, avoiding uneven gas spraying due to eccentricity of the nozzle 30, which affects the processing efficiency and quality. At the same time, for the dust suction function, coaxial fixation can ensure smoothness of the dust suction channel and improve the dust suction effect.

[0063] During the operation of the air nozzle, the blowing port 12 will be connected to the gas, and the dust suction port 22 will generate negative pressure. If the connection between the nozzle 30 and the second housing 20 is not sealed tightly, gas leakage will occur. Gas leakage not only reduces the effect of blowing and dust suction, but also may cause residues and debris generated during the processing process to leak into the surrounding environment, polluting the equipment and work area, and even may affect the health of the operator. The design of the sealing groove is to install the sealing ring. After the sealing ring is installed, under the action of gas pressure, the sealing ring will tightly fit at the connection between the nozzle 30 and the second housing 20, filling the small gap and effectively preventing gas leakage, ensuring the air tightness of the air nozzle and ensuring the normal operation of various functions of the air nozzle.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first housing 10 includes a first sub-housing 101 and a second sub-housing 102, and the blowing port 12 is provided in the first sub-housing 101. The second sub-housing 102 is sealingly connected with the first sub-housing 101, and the second sub-housing 102 is sealingly connected with the second housing 20. The first sub-housing 101 and the second sub-housing 102 are connected by screws and pins. The second sub-housing 102 is coaxially connected with the second housing 20 through the threaded structure at the end, enabling the gas to flow smoothly inside the air nozzle, avoiding the situation of gas flow disorder, and multiple sealing grooves are provided at the connection for placing sealing rings to improve the sealing effect.

[0065] Through the above setting, the first shell 10 adopts a split design, and the split design is mainly to facilitate processing and assembly. Compared with an integrally formed shell, the first shell 10 is divided into two parts for manufacturing, which can reduce the processing difficulty and improve the production efficiency. When in use and maintenance, if a certain shell is damaged or needs to be replaced, the first shell 10 does not need to be replaced as a whole, which reduces the maintenance cost and time. Screws can provide greater fastening force to tightly combine the first shell 101 and the second shell 102 together, so as to ensure the structural strength of the entire first shell 10. The pin mainly plays a positioning role. During the installation process, the pin can ensure the relative position of the two shells to be accurate and error-free, so as to ensure the precision and stability of the entire first shell 10

[0066] At least one embodiment of the present application provides a laser drilling machine, which comprises a field lens and the multifunctional air nozzle of any one of the above embodiments.

[0067] According to the laser drilling machine provided by the embodiment of the present application, during the laser drilling process, the laser beam focused by the field lens passes through the internal channel of the multifunctional air nozzle and is shot at the workpiece surface for drilling operation. Through the multifunctional air nozzle, the functions of protecting the equipment, blowing and cooling are realized at the same time, the laser galvanometer processing efficiency and the processing efficiency are improved, the practicability and reliability of the laser drilling machine are improved, and the demand for high-precision laser drilling in different fields is met.

[0068] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist contradictory, they should be considered as the scope of the present application.

[0069] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the patent application scope. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the patent protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-functional air nozzle, characterized in that, include: A first housing, the first housing having a first channel, and an air inlet formed on the outer wall of the first housing, the air inlet being connected to the first channel, the air inlet being used to deliver a first gas to the first channel; A nozzle, connected to the first channel, is used to discharge the first gas; the nozzle and the first channel allow a light beam to pass through the first housing in a preset direction. The second housing is mounted on the first housing. The second housing has a second channel that is sleeved outside the nozzle. The inner wall of the second channel and the outer wall of the nozzle define a dust removal channel. The outer wall of the second housing has a suction port that is connected to the dust removal channel and is used to provide negative pressure to the dust removal channel.

2. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-functional air nozzle also includes an isolation component, which comprises: An isolation plate is disposed in the first channel, which isolates the first channel into a protective cavity and an air blowing cavity along the preset direction, and the air blowing cavity is connected to the air blowing port; An isolation window is disposed on the isolation plate and configured to allow the light beam to pass through along the preset direction.

3. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The isolation plate has an isolation opening slot for the isolation window to be embedded.

4. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the first housing has a protective gas inlet connected to the protective cavity, and the protective gas inlet is used to supply a second gas to the protective cavity.

5. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protective gas inlet and the blowing port are staggered in the preset direction.

6. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first housing is provided with a mounting opening groove that connects to the protective cavity, and the mounting opening groove is used for a sealing connection with the field lens.

7. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second housing is provided with a mounting port for mounting the nozzle.

8. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle is configured as a Laval nozzle.

9. The multifunctional air nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first housing includes: The first compartment is provided with the air inlet located in the first compartment. The second sub-shell is sealed to the first sub-shell and sealed to the second housing.

10. A laser hole-making machine, characterized in that, It includes a field lens and a multifunctional nozzle as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the multifunctional nozzle is mounted on the field lens.

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