Battery monomer and battery pack
By employing a venting channel structure that combines pressure relief holes and protrusions in the battery casing design, the problems of increased casing weight and core blockage are solved, enabling the smooth discharge of high-temperature gases and improving battery safety and energy density.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520015933.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-02
AI Technical Summary
When designing explosion-proof valves for existing battery casings, increasing the thickness can easily lead to excessive casing weight, and the core can easily clog the explosion-proof valve port, making it impossible to ensure the smooth discharge of high-temperature gases caused by thermal runaway.
The design incorporates a shell, a first cover plate, a second wall, an explosion-proof valve, and an insulating gasket. The pressure relief hole is located on the second wall, and the protrusion cooperates with the clearance hole to form a gas guide channel, ensuring that high-temperature gas can be discharged smoothly.
This reduces the increase in casing weight, prevents the core from clogging the pressure relief hole, ensures the smooth discharge of high-temperature gas, and improves battery safety and energy density.
Smart Images
Figure CN223898396U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell and battery pack. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, batteries typically have a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and an explosion-proof valve designed into the top cover. However, in the event of cell abuse or extreme conditions, the battery is prone to double failure of electrical insulation and thermal runaway, making it difficult to guarantee the battery's safety performance.
[0003] To mitigate the risk of dual battery failure, a thermoelectric separation design is gradually being adopted. This design eliminates the top cover's explosion-proof valve, instead placing it at the bottom of the casing. This ensures that electrical connections and thermal runaway propagation do not interfere with each other in extreme situations. However, because the explosion-proof valve is welded to the bottom of the casing, the bottom layer needs sufficient thickness to withstand the welding requirements. Increasing the thickness of the bottom layer can lead to excessive casing weight, reducing the cell's energy density. Furthermore, with the explosion-proof valve located at the bottom, the battery core, due to its own weight, will press tightly against the bottom of the casing. The core may block the explosion-proof valve opening, preventing the proper escape of high-temperature gases during thermal runaway and potentially causing a battery explosion.
[0004] Therefore, the existing battery casings have an explosion-proof valve at the bottom, which requires increasing the bottom thickness and may result in excessive casing weight; moreover, the core may easily clog the explosion-proof valve port, making it impossible to ensure the smooth discharge of high-temperature gases caused by thermal runaway. Utility Model Content
[0005] The technical problem this utility model aims to solve is that when designing explosion-proof valves in existing battery casings, increasing the thickness can easily lead to excessive casing weight, and the core can easily clog the explosion-proof valve port, making it impossible to ensure the smooth discharge of high-temperature gases caused by thermal runaway.
[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a technical solution for a single battery cell:
[0007] The battery cell has intersecting height, length, and width directions, including:
[0008] A housing having a receiving cavity inside, and an opening on one side of the housing along the height direction, the opening communicating with the receiving cavity;
[0009] A first cover plate, which seals the opening;
[0010] The housing has a second wall located on the side of the housing away from the opening along the height direction; the second wall has a pressure relief hole that penetrates the second wall along the height direction, and the second wall also has a protrusion around the pressure relief hole, the protrusion protruding relative to the second wall toward the opening;
[0011] An explosion-proof valve is installed enclosedly in the pressure relief port;
[0012] An insulating gasket is disposed within the accommodating cavity and located between the first cover plate and the second wall. The insulating gasket has an air guide groove and a clearance hole, both of which penetrate the insulating gasket along the height direction. The clearance hole and the pressure relief hole are arranged opposite each other along the height direction. The protrusion passes through the clearance hole and is clearance-fitted with the clearance hole. The air guide groove, the clearance hole, and the pressure relief hole are connected.
[0013] Furthermore, along the height direction, the protrusion height of the protrusion relative to the side surface of the second wall facing the opening is H1, the thickness of the insulating pad is H2, and H1 ≤ H2.
[0014] Furthermore, the protrusion includes a plurality of bosses, which surround the pressure relief hole and are arranged at intervals to each other.
[0015] Furthermore, an air guide channel is formed between two adjacent protrusions, the air guide channel is located within the clearance hole, and the air guide channel connects the pressure relief hole and the air guide groove.
[0016] Furthermore, along the width direction, the width of the air guiding channel is D1, the width of the air guiding groove is D2, and D1≤D2.
[0017] Furthermore, the pressure relief hole is located in the middle of the second wall along the length direction, and the clearance hole is located in the middle of the insulating gasket along the length direction; there are two air guide grooves, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the clearance hole along the length direction.
[0018] Furthermore, the explosion-proof valve is integrally formed with the housing.
[0019] Furthermore, the protrusion is integrally formed with the second wall.
[0020] Furthermore, the second wall is provided with a weak area, which is arranged around the protrusion.
[0021] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a technical solution for a battery pack:
[0022] Battery pack, including individual battery cells;
[0023] The battery cell has intersecting height, length, and width directions, including:
[0024] A housing having a receiving cavity inside, and an opening on one side of the housing along the height direction, the opening communicating with the receiving cavity;
[0025] A first cover plate, which seals the opening;
[0026] The housing has a second wall located on the side of the housing away from the opening along the height direction; the second wall has a pressure relief hole that penetrates the second wall along the height direction, and the second wall also has a protrusion around the pressure relief hole, the protrusion protruding relative to the second wall toward the opening;
[0027] An explosion-proof valve is installed enclosedly in the pressure relief port;
[0028] An insulating gasket is disposed within the accommodating cavity and located between the first cover plate and the second wall. The insulating gasket has an air guide groove and a clearance hole, both of which penetrate the insulating gasket along the height direction. The clearance hole and the pressure relief hole are arranged opposite each other along the height direction. The protrusion passes through the clearance hole and is clearance-fitted with the clearance hole. The air guide groove, the clearance hole, and the pressure relief hole are connected.
[0029] Furthermore, along the height direction, the protrusion height of the protrusion relative to the side surface of the second wall facing the opening is H1, the thickness of the insulating pad is H2, and H1 ≤ H2.
[0030] Furthermore, the protrusion includes a plurality of bosses, which surround the pressure relief hole and are arranged at intervals.
[0031] Furthermore, an air guide channel is formed between two adjacent protrusions, the air guide channel is located within the clearance hole, and the air guide channel connects the pressure relief hole and the air guide groove.
[0032] Furthermore, along the width direction, the width of the air guiding channel is D1, the width of the air guiding groove is D2, and D1≤D2.
[0033] Furthermore, the pressure relief hole is located in the middle of the second wall along the length direction, and the clearance hole is located in the middle of the insulating gasket along the length direction; there are two air guide grooves, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the clearance hole along the length direction.
[0034] Furthermore, the explosion-proof valve is integrally formed with the housing.
[0035] Furthermore, the protrusion is integrally formed with the second wall.
[0036] Furthermore, the second wall is provided with a weak area, which is arranged around the protrusion.
[0037] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this battery cell and battery pack are as follows: The battery cell adopts a design consisting of a shell, a first cover plate, a second wall, an explosion-proof valve, and an insulating gasket. The shell has a receiving cavity and an opening for the electrode assembly to be installed inside. The first cover plate is installed at the opening, forming a seal around the receiving cavity. The first cover plate is provided with an electrical connection portion as an electrical terminal. The second wall is located on the side of the shell away from the opening along the height direction. The second wall is provided with a pressure relief hole and a protrusion. The explosion-proof valve is installed in the pressure relief hole and seals it, opening to release high-temperature gas when the internal pressure of the shell is too high.
[0038] The protrusion protrudes from the surface of the second wall relative to the opening. The second wall has a large local thickness only at the protrusion, avoiding excessive weight due to increased overall wall thickness and ensuring the cell's energy density. Additionally, an insulating gasket is positioned within the accommodating cavity between the first cover plate and the second wall. This gasket provides support for the electrode assembly along its height, preventing potential blockage of the pressure relief hole. Furthermore, the insulating gasket features a venting groove and a clearance hole, positioned opposite the pressure relief hole along its height. The protrusion passes through the clearance hole and fits with it with a clearance. The venting groove, clearance hole, and pressure relief hole are interconnected, forming an effective gas channel that ensures the smooth discharge of high-temperature gases generated during thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description
[0039] Figure 1 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a single battery cell in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0040] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the second wall and the insulating gasket in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0041] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single battery cell along the width direction in an embodiment of this utility model;
[0042] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of the second wall and insulating pad in the middle;
[0043] In the figure: 1-shell, 10-accommodating cavity, 2-first cover plate, 3-second wall, 30-pressure relief hole, 31-protrusion, 310-bore, 32-air guide channel, 33-weak area, 4-explosion-proof valve, 40-protective plate, 5-insulating gasket, 50-air guide groove, 51-avoidance hole, 6-electrode assembly, X-height direction, Y-length direction, Z-width direction. Detailed Implementation
[0044] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit its scope.
[0045] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise" used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0047] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0048] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, a battery cell of this utility model embodiment has two intersecting directions X (height), Y (length), and Z (width). It includes a housing 1, a first cover plate 2, an explosion-proof valve 4, and an insulating gasket 5. The housing 1 has a cavity 10 inside. The housing 1 has an opening 11 on one side along the height direction X, and the opening 11 communicates with the cavity 10. The first cover plate 2 covers the opening 11. The housing 1 has a second wall 3, which is located on the side of the housing 1 along the height direction X away from the opening 11.
[0049] The second wall 3 has a pressure relief hole 30, which penetrates the second wall 3 along the height direction X. The second wall 3 also has a protrusion 31 around the pressure relief hole 30, which protrudes relative to the second wall 3 towards the side where the opening 11 is located. The explosion-proof valve 4 is installed in the pressure relief hole 30. The insulating gasket 5 is set in the accommodating cavity 10 and is located between the first cover plate 2 and the second wall 3. The insulating gasket 5 has a venting groove 50 and a clearance hole 51, which both penetrate the insulating gasket 5 along the height direction X. The clearance hole 51 is set opposite to the pressure relief hole 30 along the height direction X. The protrusion 31 passes through the clearance hole 51 and is clearance-fitted with the clearance hole 51. The venting groove 50, the clearance hole 51 and the pressure relief hole 30 are connected.
[0050] The battery cell adopts a design consisting of a housing 1, a first cover plate 2, a second wall 3, an explosion-proof valve 4, and an insulating gasket 5. The housing 1 has a receiving cavity 10 and an opening 11, allowing the electrode assembly 6 to be installed inside the housing 1. The first cover plate 2 is installed at the opening 11, forming a seal around the receiving cavity 10. The first cover plate 2 is provided with an electrical connection portion as an electrical terminal. The second wall 3 is located on the side of the housing 1 away from the opening 11 along the height direction X. The second wall 3 is provided with a pressure relief hole 30 and a protrusion 31. The explosion-proof valve 4 is installed in the pressure relief hole 30 and seals the pressure relief hole 30, and opens to release high-temperature gas when the internal pressure of the housing 1 is too high.
[0051] The protrusion 31 protrudes from the side of the second wall 3 facing the opening 11. The second wall 3 has a large local thickness only in the protrusion 31, which avoids increasing the overall thickness of the second wall 31 and causing the weight of the housing 1 to be too large, thus ensuring the energy density of the battery cell. In addition, the insulating gasket 5 is disposed in the accommodating cavity 10 and located between the first cover plate 2 and the second wall 3. The insulating gasket 5 provides support for the electrode assembly 6 in the height direction X, preventing the electrode assembly 6 from blocking the pressure relief hole 30. Moreover, the insulating gasket 5 has a gas guide groove 50 and a clearance hole 51. The clearance hole 51 is arranged opposite to the pressure relief hole 30 in the height direction X. The protrusion 31 passes through the clearance hole 51 and is clearance-fitted with the clearance hole 51. The gas guide groove 50, the clearance hole 51 and the pressure relief hole 30 are connected to form an effective gas channel from the gas guide groove 50, the clearance hole 51 to the pressure relief hole 30, ensuring that the high-temperature gas generated during thermal runaway can be discharged smoothly.
[0052] In this embodiment, along the height direction X, the protrusion height of the protrusion 31 relative to the side surface of the second wall 3 facing the opening 11 is H1, and the thickness of the insulating gasket 5 is H2, where H1 ≤ H2. Specifically, 0.2mm ≤ H1 ≤ 2.2mm, for example: H1 is 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, or any other size between 0.2mm and 2.2mm; correspondingly, H2 is 0.25mm, 0.4mm, 0.7mm, 1.5mm, 3mm, or any other size between 0.25mm and 5mm, and not less than H1. The greater thickness of the insulating gasket 5 can provide stable support for the electrode assembly 6 in the height direction X, and make the gap between the electrode assembly 6 and the protrusion 31 as much as possible to ensure the smooth flow of high-temperature gas into the pressure relief hole 30. In addition, a protective plate 40 is installed on the pressure relief hole 30. The protective plate 40 is located on the side of the explosion-proof valve 4 away from the opening 11. The protective plate 40 can protect the explosion-proof valve 4 to prevent damage caused by external forces.
[0053] As a further preferred embodiment, the protrusion 31 includes multiple bosses 310, which surround the pressure relief hole 30 and are arranged at intervals. The protrusion 31 adopts a split design with multiple bosses 310, which can ensure stable support of the explosion-proof valve 4 and reduce the area of the area where the protrusion 31 is located. Moreover, an air guide channel 32 is formed between two adjacent bosses 310, which connects the pressure relief hole 30 and the air guide groove 50, ensuring a smoother exhaust path from the air guide groove 50 to the pressure relief hole 30.
[0054] Within the housing 1, the air guide groove 50 and the air guide channel 32 extend along the length direction Y, effectively connecting the electrode assembly 6 and the pressure relief hole 30. Furthermore, along the width direction Z, the width of the air guide channel 32 is D1, and the width of the air guide groove 50 is D2, with D1 ≤ D2, thus avoiding the formation of an exhaust bottleneck at the protrusion 31. Specifically, D1 can be any size between 2mm and 60mm; correspondingly, D2 can be any size between 2mm and 70mm, with D2 ≥ D1.
[0055] In this embodiment, the pressure relief hole 30 is located in the middle of the second wall 3 along the length direction Y, and the clearance hole 51 is located in the middle of the insulating gasket 5 along the length direction Y. There are two air guide grooves 50, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the clearance hole 51 along the length direction Y. In the housing 1, an exhaust path that converges from both sides to the middle is formed along the length direction Y, which ensures the smoothness of the exhaust path.
[0056] Furthermore, the explosion-proof valve 4 is integrally formed with the housing 1, and the protrusion 31 is integrally formed with the second wall 3. The protrusion 31 and the second wall 3 are integrally stamped, simplifying the assembly method. Moreover, the second wall 3 has a weak zone 33 surrounding the protrusion 31. Specifically, the weak zone 33 is a notch, and its thickness is less than that of the second wall 3. The area enclosed by the weak zone 33 is larger, allowing it to form a larger vent hole in the event of thermal failure, improving venting efficiency and providing supplementary pressure relief for the explosion-proof valve 4.
[0057] A battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a battery cell, which is the same as the specific embodiment of the battery cell in the specific embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described again here.
[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present utility model, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A battery cell having intersecting height (X), length (Y), and width (Z) directions, characterized in that, include: A housing (1) having a cavity (10) inside, and an opening (11) on one side along the height direction (X) of the housing (1) communicating with the cavity (10); A first cover plate (2) is used to seal the opening (11); The housing (1) has a second wall (3) located on the side of the housing (1) away from the opening (11) along the height direction (X); the second wall (3) has a pressure relief hole (30) that penetrates the second wall (3) along the height direction (X), and the second wall (3) also has a protrusion (31) around the pressure relief hole (30), the protrusion (31) protruding relative to the second wall (3) toward the side where the opening (11) is located; An explosion-proof valve (4) is installed in a closed manner in the pressure relief hole (30); An insulating gasket (5) is disposed in the accommodating cavity (10) and located between the first cover plate (2) and the second wall (3); the insulating gasket (5) has an air guide groove (50) and a clearance hole (51), the air guide groove (50) and the clearance hole (51) both penetrate the insulating gasket (5) along the height direction (X), the clearance hole (51) and the pressure relief hole (30) are arranged opposite to each other along the height direction (X), the protrusion (31) passes through the clearance hole (51) and is clearance-fitted with the clearance hole (51), the air guide groove (50), the clearance hole (51) and the pressure relief hole (30) are connected.
2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the height direction (X), the protrusion height of the protrusion (31) relative to the side surface of the second wall (3) facing the opening (11) is H1, the thickness of the insulating pad (5) is H2, and H1≤H2.
3. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protrusion (31) includes a plurality of bosses (310), which surround the pressure relief hole (30) and are arranged at intervals to each other.
4. The battery cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, An air guide channel (32) is formed between two adjacent bosses (310). The air guide channel (32) is located inside the clearance hole (51) and the air guide channel (32) connects the pressure relief hole (30) and the air guide groove (50).
5. The battery cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, Along the width direction (Z), the width of the air guide channel (32) is D1, the width of the air guide groove (50) is D2, and D1≤D2.
6. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure relief hole (30) is located in the middle of the second wall (3) in the length direction (Y), and the clearance hole (51) is located in the middle of the insulating pad (5) in the length direction (Y). The air guide grooves (50) are two in number and are respectively located on opposite sides of the clearance hole (51) along the length direction (Y).
7. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof valve (4) is integrally formed with the housing (1).
8. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protrusion (31) is integrally formed with the second wall (3).
9. The battery cell according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second wall (3) is provided with a weak area (33), which is arranged around the protrusion (31).
10. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the battery cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.