Efficient comprehensive recovery system for gold and silver ore based on complex occurrence state of copper and sulfur
By combining an improved classifying hydrocyclone with sulfide slurry conditioning in the flotation process, the problems of low recovery rate and high cost of gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence were solved, achieving efficient recovery of gold, silver, copper and sulfur resources with strong adaptability and stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520430747.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Traditional processes for processing gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrences suffer from low gold and silver recovery rates, high costs, environmental pollution, and difficulty in controlling the flotation process. In particular, in high-alkali and high-calcium environments, the slime has a negative impact and makes it difficult to separate fine gold particles, leading to resource loss.
Selective grinding and classification were carried out using a semi-autogenous mill, a ball mill, and an improved classifying hydrocyclone. Combined with the hydrophobic conditioning of sulfides and trace amounts of butyl xanthate, flotation was performed in a two-stage stirred tank, followed by a stepped enhanced cleaning process to achieve efficient recovery of fine particles.
It achieves efficient and comprehensive recovery of gold, silver, copper, and sulfur, with gold recovery rates of over 80%, silver recovery rates of over 85%, and copper recovery rates of over 86%. The comprehensive resource recovery effect is good, the process is simple and stable, and it has good adaptability.
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Figure CN223915594U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to mineral processing flotation technical field, concretely relates to a kind of based on copper-sulfur complex occurrence state gold-silver ore high-efficiency comprehensive recovery system. BACKGROUND
[0002] Copper-sulfur-based complex occurrence state gold-silver deposit often contains a large amount of pyrite, and the traditional process for processing such ore is fine grinding-cyanide leaching-stage grinding-flotation. In the fine grinding-cyanide leaching stage, due to the complex mineral composition, there are problems such as low gold and silver recovery rate, high cost, and environmental pollution. In the stage grinding-flotation stage, a large amount of lime is usually added as a depressant for pyrite, and a selective collector for copper and a bubble agent are also added for the co-flotation of gold, silver and copper, or a pyrite activator and a strong collector are added for the flotation of pyrite. However, the high-alkali and high-calcium environment formed by the addition of a large amount of lime makes the flotation foam sticky. When a large amount of secondary slurry is produced by fine grinding or there is a high amount of primary slurry, the addition of a large amount of lime will intensify the negative effects of the slurry, making the flotation process difficult to control. At the same time, the addition of a large amount of lime will also strongly inhibit the flotation of gold and silver, reducing the recovery rate of gold and silver, and the stage grinding will significantly increase the production cost. In addition, the gold in such ore is dispersedly wrapped in copper sulfide, iron sulfide, arsenopyrite and gangue minerals in the form of fine disseminated, and it is difficult to completely separate by mechanical grinding, as a large part of the gold exists in a semi-naked state. This part of gold has a slow flotation rate and is often lost in the pyrite concentrate product or tailings, making it difficult to be recovered in the copper concentrate product, resulting in great difficulty in subsequent recovery.
[0003] To reduce the adverse effects of slurry on the flotation process, pre-desliming or reagent forced dispersion process is traditionally used. Pre-desliming process uses classification equipment such as hydrocyclone and desliming bucket to remove most of the slurry before flotation, but for ore with fine-grained or complex intergrowth, mechanical inclusions will cause a large amount of target minerals to be lost in the slurry. The reagent forced dispersion process adds dispersants such as sodium carbonate, water glass, sodium hexametaphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose to the slurry to make the slurry stably dispersed in the slurry, reducing the amount of slurry mechanically entrained in the foam to improve the effect of reagents and the quality of concentrate. However, when a large amount of lime is added and the slurry content is high, a large amount of dispersant is needed, and a large amount of activator is needed when recovering pyrite, greatly increasing the cost of reagents, and the dispersion effect is not good. SUMMARY
[0004] To overcome the shortcomings and defects of existing processes, this utility model provides a high-efficiency comprehensive recovery system for gold and silver ores in complex copper-sulfur environments. It improves the circulating load (return sand ratio) of the ball mill by using an improved classifying hydrocyclone, enhancing the selective fine grinding of high-density intergrowth materials and increasing the liberation degree of individual gold particles. Then, sulfides and trace amounts of butyl xanthate are added in a two-stage stirred tank for combined hydrophobic slurry conditioning and mixed flotation, achieving rapid flotation of fine-grained pyrite and gold particles. Subsequently, a two-stage gold-enhanced roughing device further enhances the selection of semi-exposed gold particles. Finally, the two roughing products are separately transported to suitable flotation systems for impurity removal and separation, resulting in the efficient and comprehensive recovery of valuable components.
[0005] The specific technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a high-efficiency comprehensive recovery system for gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence, comprising a semi-autogenous mill, wherein the discharge port of the semi-autogenous mill is connected to the inlet of a classifying hydrocyclone via a slurry pump, the sand outlet of the classifying hydrocyclone is connected to the inlet of a ball mill, the discharge port of the ball mill is connected to the inlet of the classifying hydrocyclone via a slurry pump, the overflow port of the classifying hydrocyclone is sequentially connected to a primary mixing tank, a secondary mixing tank, and a rapid copper-sulfur-gold-silver coarsening device; the tailings outlet of the rapid copper-sulfur-gold-silver coarsening device is sequentially connected to a primary gold-enhanced coarsening device and a secondary gold-enhanced coarsening device, the concentrate outlets of the primary and secondary gold-enhanced coarsening devices are connected to a purification and cleaning system; and the concentrate outlet of the rapid copper-sulfur-gold-silver coarsening device is sequentially connected to a copper-sulfur purification system, a sulfur oxidation inhibition mixing tank, a sulfur inhibitor mixing tank, and a copper-sulfur separation system.
[0006] Furthermore, preferably, the diameter of the grading hydrocyclone is φ400mm, and the cone angle ratio (i.e., the ratio of the diameter of the hydrocyclone's sand outlet to the diameter of the overflow pipe) is 0.60 to 0.75.
[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The system described in this invention can effectively recover gold, silver, copper, and sulfur from complex copper-sulfur-based gold-silver ores, with gold recovery rates exceeding 80%, silver recovery rates exceeding 85%, copper recovery rates exceeding 86%, and sulfur recovery rates exceeding 90%. The overall resource recovery effect is excellent, and the process is simple, highly adaptable, stable, and easily operable in industrial production. It provides guidance for the comprehensive utilization of resources in complex copper-sulfur-based gold-silver ores. Specific technical benefits are as follows:
[0008] (1) This utility model uses a semi-autogenous mill, a ball mill and a classifying hydrocyclone for two-stage selective grinding and classification, which can effectively prevent fine-grained or complex-grained ores from being over-ground and muddy, affecting subsequent flotation processes. At the same time, by improving the cone angle ratio of the classifying hydrocyclone, the circulating load (return sand ratio) of the ball mill is increased, the selective fine grinding of high-density qualified coarse gold grain intergrowth material is strengthened, the degree of gold grain liberation is improved, and favorable conditions are created for subsequent processes.
[0009] (2) This utility model uses a two-stage mixing tank to add sulfides and trace amounts of butyl xanthate for combined hydrophobic slurry conditioning. Under the weakly alkaline conditions regulated by sulfides, the electrochemical cooperative reaction between fine copper sulfide, pyrite and sulfides (especially between fine particles) makes the mineral surface hydrophobic. At the same time, under the enhancement of trace amounts of butyl xanthate, the flotation rate and effect of fine copper sulfide, pyrite and easily floatable gold and silver minerals can be greatly improved, overcoming the defects of low recovery rate of fine particles and large consumption of flotation reagents in traditional flotation processes.
[0010] (3) This utility model adopts a classification and separation method that starts with easy and then moves to difficult, and then adopts a step-by-step enhanced beneficiation and classification recovery mode for copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate and gold rough concentrate, which improves the grade and recovery rate of concentrate and has significant economic benefits.
[0011] (4) This utility model uses two-stage enhanced roughing to separately collect and process the difficult-to-float intergrowth gold particles, which can avoid the problem of low gold and silver recovery rate caused by the large amount of easily floatable copper-sulfur minerals and impurity gangue minerals hindering the collection of intergrowth gold particles in the traditional process. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the equipment association of a high-efficiency integrated recovery system for gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence.
[0013] In the diagram: 1-Semi-autogenous mill, 2-Ball mill, 3-Slurry pump, 4-Classifying hydrocyclone, 5-First-stage mixing tank, 6-Second-stage mixing tank, 7-Rapid roughing device for copper, sulfur, gold and silver, 8-First-stage gold-enhanced roughing device, 9-Second-stage gold-enhanced roughing device, 10-Impurity removal and cleaning system, 11-Copper and sulfur cleaning system, 12-Sulfur oxidation inhibition mixing tank, 13-Sulfur inhibitor mixing tank, 14-Copper and sulfur separation system. Detailed Implementation
[0014] To make the technical problems and solutions solved by this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
[0015] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0016] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-efficiency integrated recovery system for gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence includes a semi-autogenous mill 1. The discharge port of the semi-autogenous mill 1 is connected to the feed port of a classifying hydrocyclone 4 via a slurry pump 3. The sand outlet of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 is connected to the feed port of a ball mill 2. The discharge port of the ball mill 2 is connected to the feed port of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 via a slurry pump 3. The overflow port of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 is sequentially connected to a primary mixing tank 5, a secondary mixing tank 6, and a copper-sulfur-gold-silver rapid roughing device 7. The tailings outlet of the copper-sulfur-gold-silver rapid roughing device 7 is sequentially connected to a primary gold-enhanced roughing device 8 and a secondary gold-enhanced roughing device 9. The concentrate outlets of the primary gold-enhanced roughing device 8 and the secondary gold-enhanced roughing device 9 are connected to a purification and cleaning system 10. The concentrate outlet of the copper-sulfur-gold-silver rapid roughing device 7 is sequentially connected to a copper-sulfur cleaning system 11, a sulfur oxidation inhibition mixing tank 12, a sulfur inhibitor mixing tank 13, and a copper-sulfur separation system 14.
[0018] The aforementioned graded hydrocyclone 4 has a diameter of φ400mm and a cone angle ratio (i.e., the ratio of the diameter of the hydrocyclone's sand outlet to the diameter of the overflow pipe) of 0.60~0.75.
[0019] It should be noted that the above-mentioned equipment are all existing equipment, and this application only relates to the application of these existing equipment, and does not involve any improvement of their structure.
[0020] The specific working principle of the above system for recovering gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence is as follows:
[0021] The ore to be processed is pumped by slurry pump 3 to a semi-autogenous mill 1 for selective coarse grinding to obtain a slurry with a fineness of -10mm. The slurry is then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone 4 to obtain coarse particles of -10mm to 0.074mm and qualified fine particles. The coarse particles of -10mm to 0.074mm enter the ball mill 2 from the underflow port of the classifying hydrocyclone 4 for secondary selective grinding. The refractory material is then pumped by slurry pump 3 to the classifying hydrocyclone 4 for further classification to obtain qualified fine particles and coarse particles. The coarse particles are returned to the ball mill 2 for refractory grinding.
[0022] The qualified fine particles separated by the classifying hydrocyclone 4 enter the primary mixing tank 5 from the overflow port, where sulfides are added for selective hydrophobication primary slurry conditioning, and then the material is transferred to the secondary mixing tank 6 where trace amounts of butyl xanthate are added for selective hydrophobication secondary slurry conditioning. After slurry conditioning, the material enters the copper-sulfur-gold-silver rapid roughing device 7 for flotation to obtain copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate and tailings I.
[0023] Tailings I obtained from the rapid roughing unit 7 for copper-sulfur-gold-silver flotation are sequentially fed into the first-stage gold-enhanced roughing unit 8 and the second-stage gold-enhanced roughing unit 9 for two-stage roughing. The two-stage roughing yields gold roughing concentrate and tailings II. The gold roughing concentrate obtained from the second-stage gold-enhanced roughing unit 9 is then fed into the impurity removal and cleaning system 10, where impurity removal and cleaning yields gold concentrate and tailings III.
[0024] The copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate obtained from the rapid roughing unit 7 is then fed into the copper-sulfur beneficiation system 11 for flotation to obtain a mixed copper-sulfur-gold-silver concentrate. It is then transferred to the sulfur oxidation inhibition stirring tank 12, where lime is added for aeration and stirring to adjust the slurry. After adjustment, it is transferred to the sulfur inhibitor stirring tank 13, where sodium sulfite is added as an inhibitor for further adjustment. After adjustment, it is fed into the copper-sulfur separation system 14 for flotation separation to obtain copper-containing gold-silver concentrate and sulfur concentrate.
[0025] The gold concentrate obtained above is combined with the copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate to form the total copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate product, and tailings III and tailings II are combined to form the total tailings.
[0026] Application Example 1
[0027] Raw Ore #1: A complex copper-sulfur-based gold-silver deposit, with the following main elemental chemical analysis: Au 1.38 g / t, Ag 12.20 g / t, Cu 0.29%, S 4.30%. The gold minerals are mainly native gold, with a small amount of silver-gold mineral; the silver minerals are mainly argentite, tellurite, with a small amount of native silver, brittle silver, argyrite, and chalcopyrite; the copper minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, followed by chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and bornite; the pyrite is mainly pyrite, with a small amount of pyrrhotite. The gold in the ore is complex, characterized by fine-grained inlay, and there are four main inlay forms: 1) it is embedded in pyrite and chalcopyrite as microparticles; 2) it is contained in sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite and pyrite as fine-grained inclusions; 3) it is closely related to siderite, with a large number of fine gold grains embedded in siderite; 4) some gold grains are contained in quartz.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps for recovering raw ore #1 using the system described in this utility model are as follows:
[0029] (1) Two-stage selective grinding and classification: The ore to be processed is transported to a semi-autogenous mill for a first-stage selective coarse grinding to obtain a slurry with a fineness of -10 mm. The slurry is then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone (φ400 mm, cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75) to obtain coarse particles of -10 mm to 0.074 mm and qualified fine particles. The coarse particles of -10 mm to 0.074 mm are transported to a ball mill for a second-stage selective grinding. The coarse particles are then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone (φ400 mm, cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75) to obtain qualified fine particles (80% to 90% of the particles are -0.074 mm, with a concentration of 30% to 35%) and coarse particles. The coarse particles are returned to the ball mill for further grinding.
[0030] (2) Selective hydrophobic two-stage slurry conditioning and rapid rough flotation of copper, sulfur, gold and silver: The qualified material obtained in step (1) is transported to the first-stage mixing tank, 100g / t of sodium sulfide is added for selective hydrophobic first-stage slurry conditioning, and then transferred to the second-stage mixing tank, 20g / t of butyl xanthate is added for selective hydrophobic second-stage slurry conditioning, and after the slurry conditioning is completed, it is transported to the rapid rough flotation device for copper, sulfur, gold and silver, 40g / t of frother 2# oil is added, and flotation is carried out at a concentration of 30% to 35% for 9 to 12 minutes to obtain copper, sulfur, gold and silver rough concentrate and tailings I;
[0031] (3) Two-stage enhanced roughing flotation of gold: The tailings I obtained in step (2) are transported to the gold enhanced roughing system for two-stage roughing. During the first-stage roughing, 70g / t of collector isobutyl xanthate and 28g / t of frother 2# oil are added, and the flotation is carried out for 4-5 minutes. During the second-stage roughing, 30g / t of collector isobutyl xanthate and 12g / t of frother 2# oil are added, and the flotation is carried out for 3-4 minutes to obtain gold roughing concentrate and tailings II.
[0032] (4) Removal and beneficiation of copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate and separation of copper and sulfur: The copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate obtained in step (2) is transported to the copper-sulfur beneficiation system for flotation to obtain a mixed copper-sulfur-gold-silver concentrate. Then, lime is added to adjust the pH to 11-12, and the mixture is aerated and stirred for 15-20 minutes. Then, 200g / t of sodium sulfite inhibitor is added for slurry conditioning. After slurry conditioning, the mixture is transported to the copper-sulfur separation system for flotation separation to obtain copper-containing gold-silver concentrate and sulfur concentrate.
[0033] (5) Gold rough concentrate removal and beneficiation: The gold rough concentrate obtained in step (3) is transported to the removal and beneficiation system for removal and beneficiation to obtain gold concentrate and tailings III; finally, the gold concentrate and the copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate obtained in step (4) are combined as the total copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate product, and tailings III and tailings II obtained in step (3) are combined as the total tailings.
[0034] The experimental results are as follows: the Au grade of the gold, silver and copper concentrate is 46.68 g / t with a recovery rate of 81.32%; the silver grade is 450.49 g / t with a recovery rate of 85.77%; the copper grade is 21.45% with a recovery rate of 87.37%; and the S grade of the sulfur concentrate is 46.75% with a recovery rate of 90.43%.
[0035] Application Example 2
[0036] Raw Ore #2: A complex copper-sulfur-based gold-silver deposit, with the following main elemental chemical analysis: Au 1.75 g / t, Ag 22.36 g / t, Cu 0.35%, S 7.85%. The gold minerals are mainly native gold, with a small amount of silver-gold ore; the silver minerals are mainly argentite, tellurite, with a small amount of native silver, brittle silver, argyrite, and chalcopyrite; the copper minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, followed by chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and bornite; the pyrite is mainly pyrite, with a small amount of pyrrhotite. The gold in the ore is complex, characterized by fine-grained inlay, and there are four main inlay forms: 1) it is embedded in pyrite and chalcopyrite as microparticles; 2) it is contained in sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite and pyrite as fine-grained inclusions; 3) it is closely related to siderite, with a large number of fine gold grains embedded in siderite; 4) some gold grains are contained in quartz.
[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps for recovering raw ore #2 using the system described in this utility model are as follows:
[0038] (1) Two-stage selective grinding and classification: The ore to be processed is transported to a semi-autogenous mill for a first-stage selective coarse grinding to obtain a slurry with a fineness of -10 mm. The slurry is then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone (φ400 mm, cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75) to obtain coarse particles of -10 mm to 0.074 mm and qualified fine particles. The coarse particles of -10 mm to 0.074 mm are transported to a ball mill for a second-stage selective grinding. The coarse particles are then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone (φ400 mm, cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75) to obtain qualified fine particles (80% to 90% of the particles are -0.074 mm, with a concentration of 30% to 35%) and coarse particles. The coarse particles are returned to the ball mill for further grinding.
[0039] (2) Selective hydrophobic two-stage slurry conditioning and rapid rough flotation of copper, sulfur, gold and silver: The qualified material obtained in step (1) is transported to the first-stage mixing tank, and 300g / t of sodium sulfide is added for selective hydrophobic first-stage slurry conditioning. Then it is transferred to the second-stage mixing tank, and 30g / t of butyl xanthate is added for selective hydrophobic second-stage slurry conditioning. After the slurry conditioning is completed, it is transported to the rapid rough flotation device for copper, sulfur, gold and silver, and 50g / t of frother 2# oil is added. The flotation is carried out at a concentration of 30% to 35% for 9 to 12 minutes to obtain copper, sulfur, gold and silver rough concentrate and tailings I.
[0040] (3) Two-stage enhanced roughing flotation of gold: The tailings I obtained in step (2) are transported to the gold enhanced roughing system for two-stage roughing. During the first-stage roughing, 105 g / t of collector isobutyl xanthate and 42 g / t of frother 2# oil are added, and the flotation is carried out for 4 to 5 minutes. During the second-stage roughing, 45 g / t of collector isobutyl xanthate and 18 g / t of frother 2# oil are added, and the flotation is carried out for 3 to 4 minutes to obtain gold roughing concentrate and tailings II.
[0041] (4) Removal and beneficiation of copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate and separation of copper and sulfur: The copper-sulfur-gold-silver rough concentrate obtained in step (2) is transported to the copper-sulfur beneficiation system for flotation to obtain a mixed copper-sulfur-gold-silver concentrate. Then, lime is added to adjust the pH to 11-12, and the mixture is aerated and stirred for 15-20 minutes. Then, 300g / t of sodium sulfite inhibitor is added for slurry conditioning. After slurry conditioning, the mixture is transported to the copper-sulfur separation system for flotation separation to obtain copper-containing gold-silver concentrate and sulfur concentrate.
[0042] (5) Gold rough concentrate removal and beneficiation: The gold rough concentrate obtained in step (3) is transported to the removal and beneficiation system for removal and beneficiation to obtain gold concentrate and tailings III; finally, the gold concentrate and the copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate obtained in step (4) are combined as the total copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate product, and tailings III and tailings II obtained in step (3) are combined as the total tailings.
[0043] The experimental results are as follows: the Au grade of the gold, silver and copper concentrate is 56.82 g / t with a recovery rate of 82.96%, the silver grade is 580.33 g / t with a recovery rate of 85.84%, and the copper grade is 22.46% with a recovery rate of 86.21%; the S grade of the sulfur concentrate is 48.77% with a recovery rate of 91.83%.
[0044] Application Example 3
[0045] Raw ore #3: A complex copper-sulfide-based gold-silver deposit, with the following main elemental chemical analysis: Au 2.04 g / t, Ag 25.31 g / t, Cu 0.33%, S 10.24%. The gold minerals are mainly native gold, with a small amount of silver-gold mineral; the silver minerals are mainly argentite, tellurite, with a small amount of native silver, brittle silver, argyrite, and chalcopyrite; the copper minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, followed by chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and bornite; the pyrite is mainly pyrite, with a small amount of pyrrhotite. The gold in the ore is complex, characterized by fine-grained inlay, and there are four main inlay forms: 1) it is embedded in pyrite and chalcopyrite as microparticles; 2) it is contained in sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite and pyrite as fine-grained inclusions; 3) it is closely related to siderite, with a large number of fine gold grains embedded in siderite; 4) some gold grains are contained in quartz.
[0046] like Figure 1As shown, the system described in this utility model is used to recover raw ore #3. The specific steps are as follows:
[0047] (1) Two-stage selective grinding and classification: The ore to be processed is transported to a semi-autogenous mill for a first-stage selective coarse grinding to obtain a slurry with a fineness of -10 mm. The slurry is then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone (φ400 mm, cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75) to obtain coarse particles of -10 mm to 0.074 mm and qualified fine particles. The coarse particles of -10 mm to 0.074 mm are transported to a ball mill for a second-stage selective grinding. The coarse particles are then classified by a classifying hydrocyclone (φ400 mm, cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75) to obtain qualified fine particles (80% to 90% of the particles are -0.074 mm, with a concentration of 30% to 35%) and coarse particles. The coarse particles are returned to the ball mill for further grinding.
[0048] (2) Selective hydrophobic two-stage slurry conditioning and rapid rough flotation of copper, sulfur, gold and silver: The qualified material obtained in step (1) is transported to the first-stage mixing tank, and 500g / t of calcium sulfide is added for selective hydrophobic first-stage slurry conditioning. Then it is transferred to the second-stage mixing tank, and 40g / t of butyl xanthate is added for selective hydrophobic second-stage slurry conditioning. After the slurry conditioning is completed, it is transported to the rapid rough flotation device for copper, sulfur, gold and silver, and 60g / t of frother 2# oil is added. The flotation is carried out at a concentration of 30% to 35% for 9 to 12 minutes to obtain copper, sulfur, gold and silver rough concentrate and tailings I.
[0049] (3) Two-stage enhanced roughing flotation of gold: The tailings I obtained in step (2) are transported to the gold enhanced roughing system for two-stage roughing. During the first-stage roughing, 140 g / t of collector isobutyl xanthate and 56 g / t of frother 2# oil are added, and the flotation is carried out for 4 to 5 minutes. During the second-stage roughing, 60 g / t of collector isobutyl xanthate and 24 g / t of frother 2# oil are added, and the flotation is carried out for 3 to 4 minutes to obtain gold roughing concentrate and tailings II.
[0050] (4) Removal and beneficiation of copper-sulfur-gold-silver crude concentrate and separation of copper and sulfur: The copper-sulfur-gold-silver crude concentrate obtained in step (2) is transported to the copper-sulfur beneficiation system for flotation to obtain a mixed copper-sulfur-gold-silver concentrate. Then, lime is added to adjust the pH to 11-12, and the mixture is aerated and stirred for 15-20 minutes. Then, 500g / t of sodium sulfite inhibitor is added for slurry conditioning. After slurry conditioning, the mixture is transported to the copper-sulfur separation system for flotation separation to obtain copper-containing gold-silver concentrate and sulfur concentrate.
[0051] (5) Gold rough concentrate removal and beneficiation: The gold rough concentrate obtained in step (3) is transported to the removal and beneficiation system for removal and beneficiation to obtain gold concentrate and tailings III; finally, the gold concentrate and the copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate obtained in step (4) are combined as the total copper-bearing gold and silver concentrate product, and tailings III and tailings II obtained in step (3) are combined as the total tailings.
[0052] The experimental results are as follows: the Au grade of the gold, silver and copper concentrate is 64.89 g / t with a recovery rate of 84.55%; the silver grade is 678.49 g / t with a recovery rate of 85.34%; the copper grade is 21.61% with a recovery rate of 85.93%; and the S grade of the sulfur concentrate is 49.21% with a recovery rate of 91.82%.
[0053] As can be seen from the comprehensive application examples, the system described in this utility model can achieve good mineral processing indicators such as gold recovery rate of over 80%, silver recovery rate of over 85%, copper recovery rate of over 86%, and sulfur recovery rate of over 90% when recovering this type of complex copper-sulfur-based gold and silver ore. The comprehensive resource recovery effect is good, and its process system has a simple structure, strong adaptability, good process stability, and good industrial production controllability. It has guiding significance for the comprehensive utilization of resources in complex copper-sulfur-based gold and silver ore.
[0054] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A highly efficient integrated recovery system for gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence, characterized in that, The system includes a semi-autogenous mill (1), the discharge port of which is connected to the inlet of a classifying hydrocyclone (4) via a slurry pump (3). The sand outlet of the classifying hydrocyclone (4) is connected to the inlet of a ball mill (2). The discharge port of the ball mill (2) is connected to the inlet of the classifying hydrocyclone (4) via a slurry pump (3). The overflow port of the classifying hydrocyclone (4) is sequentially connected to a primary mixing tank (5), a secondary mixing tank (6), and a rapid coarsening device for copper, sulfur, gold, and silver (7). The tailings outlet of the rapid copper-sulfur-gold-silver separation device (7) is connected in sequence to the primary gold-enhanced separation device (8) and the secondary gold-enhanced separation device (9). The concentrate outlets of the primary gold-enhanced separation device (8) and the secondary gold-enhanced separation device (9) are connected to the impurity removal and cleaning system (10). The concentrate outlet of the rapid copper-sulfur-gold-silver separation device (7) is connected in sequence to the copper-sulfur cleaning system (11), the sulfur oxidation inhibition stirring tank (12), the sulfur inhibitor stirring tank (13), and the copper-sulfur separation system (14).
2. The efficient integrated recovery system for gold and silver ores with complex copper-sulfur occurrence as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The graded hydrocyclone (4) has a diameter of φ400mm and a cone angle ratio of 0.60 to 0.75.