Speed reducer and traction machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of elevator traction machines, and discloses a speed reducer and a traction machine. The driving shaft gear is connected with the driving shaft; the load shaft gear is connected with the load shaft; the at least two transmission assemblies are rotationally arranged in the speed reducer shell correspondingly, each transmission assembly comprises a first gear and a second gear which are connected, and the first gears of the transmission assemblies are arranged on the outer side of the driving shaft gear in the circumferential direction at intervals and engaged with the driving shaft gear at the same time; the second gears of all the transmission assemblies are arranged on the outer side of the load shaft gear in the circumferential direction at intervals and engaged with the load shaft gear at the same time. According to the utility model, two or more groups of transmission assemblies with the same structure are adopted for shunting output, so that the load can be effectively dispersed, the load acting on a single tooth surface is reduced, the operation reliability of the speed reducer is improved, and the operation reliability of the traction machine is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to elevator hoisting machine technical field, concretely relates to a kind of reducer and hoisting machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core power component of elevator system, hoisting machine is responsible for driving the lifting of elevator car. The working principle of hoisting machine is to drive the rotation of traction sheave by motor, and realize the lifting movement of car by the friction between traction rope and traction sheave, so as to drive the operation of elevator.

[0003] The reducer of hoisting machine is one of the core components of geared hoisting machine, mainly used for reducing the output speed of motor, and increasing the output torque to adapt to the requirements of driving force and operating speed of elevator traction system. The traditional reducer gear assembly adopts single-sided meshing mode for load transmission, i.e. the motor output shaft gear only meshes with one gear, and the load is transmitted to the gear, and then the gear transmits the load to the traction sheave through other gears. However, this single-sided meshing load transmission mode causes large load on the tooth surface of single gear, which easily leads to serious gear wear, even noise and vibration, affecting the stability and service life of hoisting machine. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the utility model provides a kind of reducer and hoisting machine to solve the problem of serious gear wear caused by the single-sided meshing load transmission mode of traditional reducer gear assembly.

[0005] In the first aspect, the utility model provides a kind of reducer, comprising:

[0006] Reducer housing;

[0007] Drive shaft gear connected with drive shaft;

[0008] Load shaft gear connected with load shaft;

[0009] At least two transmission assemblies are rotationally arranged inside the reducer housing, each transmission assembly comprises a first gear and a second gear connected therebetween, the first gear of each transmission assembly is arranged on the outer side of the drive shaft gear and simultaneously meshes with the drive shaft gear, and the second gear of each transmission assembly is arranged on the outer side of the load shaft gear and simultaneously meshes with the load shaft gear.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above traction machine reducer are that, compared with the traditional gear single-side meshing mode in which the gear bears the entire load, the improved scheme disperses the load to the gears of multiple transmission assemblies, each gear of the transmission assembly shares part of the load, and the single-tooth surface load is reduced to 1 / N (N is the number of transmission assemblies) of the original scheme. The gears of each transmission assembly synchronously participate in load transmission, avoiding long-term high stress concentration of the single-tooth surface, and prolonging the fatigue life of the gear. The circumferentially symmetrical layout fully utilizes the radial space of the reducer housing, and can reduce the axial size of the reducer, and adapt to the narrow space requirement of the elevator shaft.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the first gear and the second gear are connected through a rotating shaft, the center line of the load shaft gear is coaxially arranged with the center line of the driving shaft gear, and the center line connecting the driving shaft gear and the load shaft gear is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, at least two bearing chambers are arranged on the inner walls of the two sides of the reducer housing, the bearing chambers are arranged opposite to the rotating shaft, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably arranged in the two bearing chambers through bearings.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the outer diameter of the load shaft gear is smaller than the outer diameter of the first gear, the outer diameter of the first gear is larger than the outer diameter of the second gear, and the outer diameter of the second gear is smaller than the outer diameter of the load shaft gear.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that, when the first gear is meshed with the driving shaft gear, the first-stage reduction is formed to reduce the rotating speed and amplify the torque; the outer diameter of the second gear is smaller than the outer diameter of the load shaft gear, and when the second gear is meshed with the load shaft gear, the secondary reduction is formed to further reduce the rotating speed, and adapt to the requirement of the load shaft for high torque.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, two transmission assemblies are arranged, and the two transmission assemblies are symmetrically arranged along the center line connecting the driving shaft gear and the load shaft gear.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that, in each power transmission process of the reducer, two pairs of tooth surfaces are simultaneously meshed to transmit power, and the load of a single tooth surface is reduced to 50% of the original (compared with single-pair tooth surface meshing), so that the durability of the reducer gear is improved.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, three or more transmission assemblies are arranged, and the transmission assemblies are circumferentially uniformly spaced.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that, in each power transmission process, three pairs of tooth surfaces are simultaneously meshed to transmit power, and the load of a single tooth surface is reduced to 33% of the original (compared with single-pair tooth surface meshing), so that the durability of the reducer gear is improved.

[0019] Secondly, this utility model also provides a traction machine, comprising:

[0020] An electric motor has a motor housing and a drive shaft;

[0021] A traction sheave assembly having a load shaft, wherein the axis of the drive shaft is arranged coaxially with the axis of the load shaft;

[0022] The speed reducer is located between the motor and the traction sheave assembly;

[0023] A brake is used to brake the traction sheave assembly.

[0024] In one alternative embodiment, both ends of the drive shaft extend from the motor housing, one extended end of the drive shaft is connected to the drive shaft gear of the reducer, and the other extended end of the drive shaft is connected to the brake.

[0025] In one alternative embodiment, the traction sheave assembly further includes a bracket and a traction sheave, the traction sheave being mounted on a load shaft, and the load shaft being rotatably mounted on the bracket.

[0026] The reducer housing is divided into a first housing and a second housing. The first housing is integrally formed with the bracket, and the second housing is integrally formed with the motor housing.

[0027] In one alternative embodiment, the drive shaft gear is integrated with the drive shaft of the motor; and / or, the load shaft gear is integrated with the load shaft; the motor power output is directly supplied to the input end of the reducer without passing through other mechanical transmission links, and there is no efficiency loss at the input end.

[0028] In summary, the technical solution of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0029] This invention uses two or more sets of identical transmission components for split output, which can effectively distribute the load, reduce the load acting on a single tooth surface, improve the operating reliability of the reducer, and provide reliability for the traction machine operation. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Fig. 1 This utility model provides a structural schematic diagram of a traction machine;

[0032] Fig. 2 A cross-sectional view of a traction machine provided by this utility model;

[0033] Fig. 3 An exploded view of a traction machine provided for this utility model;

[0034] Fig. 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a traction machine provided by this utility model.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 1. Reducer; 11. First transmission assembly; 111. First gear; 112. Second gear; 113. Shaft; 114. First bearing; 115. Second bearing; 12. Second transmission assembly; 13. Drive shaft gear; 14. Load shaft gear; 15. Reducer housing; 16. Bearing chamber; 161. First bearing chamber; 162. Second bearing chamber;

[0037] 2. Motor; 21. Drive shaft; 22. First end cover; 23. Second end cover;

[0038] 3. Traction sheave assembly; 31. Bracket; 32. Traction sheave; 33. Load shaft;

[0039] 4. Brake. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0041] The reducer of a traction machine is one of the core components of a geared traction machine. It is mainly used to reduce the output speed of the motor while increasing the output torque to meet the driving force and operating speed requirements of the elevator traction system. Traditional reducer gear assemblies often use a single-sided meshing method for load transmission. That is, the motor output shaft gear meshes with only one gear, transmitting the load to that gear, which then transmits the load to the traction sheave via other gears. However, this single-sided meshing load transmission method results in a large load on the tooth surface of a single gear. Under high-speed, heavy-load conditions, this can easily lead to severe gear wear, and even generate noise and vibration, affecting the stability and service life of the traction machine.

[0042] To address this issue, this invention proposes a novel speed reducer that uses two or more sets of identical transmission components for splitting the output. This effectively disperses the load, reduces the load acting on a single tooth surface, improves the operational reliability of the speed reducer, and enhances the reliability of the traction machine operation.

[0043] Combination Figs. 1 to 4 As shown, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the speed reducer of the first aspect of this utility model and the traction machine of the second aspect of this utility model.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a first aspect, a speed reducer is provided, including a speed reducer housing 15, a drive shaft gear 13, a load shaft gear 14, and a transmission assembly. The drive shaft gear 13, the load shaft gear 14, and the transmission assembly are all disposed inside the speed reducer housing 15. The drive shaft gear 13 is connected to a drive shaft 21, which can be a motor shaft or other power output shaft. The load shaft gear 14 is connected to a load shaft 33, and when the speed reducer is applied to a traction machine, the load shaft 33 is the shaft that drives the traction sheave to rotate.

[0045] At least two transmission components are provided, each rotatably disposed inside the reducer housing 15 and spaced apart along the circumferential direction. Each transmission component includes a first gear 111 and a second gear 112 connected to each other. The first gear 111 of each transmission component is circumferentially spaced outside the drive shaft gear 13 and meshes with the drive shaft gear 13. The second gear 112 of each transmission component is circumferentially spaced outside the load shaft gear 14 and meshes with the load shaft gear 14.

[0046] The speed reducer in this embodiment can be applied to traction machines as well as other fields. For example, it can be used in various mechanical equipment that requires speed reduction transmission, such as lifting machinery, conveying machinery, and construction machinery. In these applications, the speed reducer can effectively reduce the rotational speed and increase the torque, thereby meeting the working requirements of the mechanical equipment.

[0047] The aforementioned reducer comprises at least two transmission components arranged circumferentially. In each transmission component, the first gear 111 meshes with the drive shaft gear 13, and the second gear 112 meshes with the load shaft gear 14, forming a gear assembly structure with double-sided or multi-stage meshing. Compared to the traditional method where a single-sided gear meshing causes the gear to bear the entire load, the improved design distributes the load across the gears of multiple transmission components. Each gear in each transmission component shares a portion of the load, reducing the load on a single tooth surface to 1 / N of the original design (where N is the number of transmission components). The gears in each transmission component synchronously participate in load transmission, avoiding long-term high stress concentration on a single tooth surface and extending gear fatigue life.

[0048] The circumferentially symmetrical layout makes full use of the radial space of the reducer housing 15, which can reduce the axial dimension of the reducer and adapt to the narrow space requirements of elevator shafts.

[0049] In addition, if a transmission component fails unexpectedly (such as a broken tooth), the remaining transmission components can still maintain the load transmission capacity, significantly reducing the risk of sudden shutdown.

[0050] In some embodiments, the first gear 111 and the second gear 112 are connected via a rotating shaft 113. The centerline of the load shaft gear 14 is coaxially arranged with the centerline of the drive shaft gear 13, and the line connecting the centers of the drive shaft gear 13 and the load shaft gear 14 is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft 113, ensuring smoother power transmission. The load shaft gear 14 is directly connected to the traction sheave of the traction machine, transmitting the decelerated power to the traction sheave to realize the lifting and lowering motion of the elevator. This embodiment simplifies the transmission chain, reduces energy loss, and improves the overall efficiency of the traction machine. Simultaneously, the coaxial arrangement and parallel connection create a compact structure, effectively utilizing the internal space of the traction machine, making the traction machine smaller and easier to install and maintain.

[0051] In some embodiments, at least two bearing chambers 16 are provided on the inner walls of both sides of the reducer housing 15, namely a first bearing 114 and a second bearing 115. The bearing chambers 16 are arranged opposite to the rotating shaft 113, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 113 are respectively rotatably disposed in the two bearing chambers 16 via bearings. The two bearing chambers 16 are the first bearing chamber 161 and the second bearing chamber 162, respectively. The first bearing 114 is housed in the first bearing chamber 161, and the second bearing 115 is housed in the second bearing chamber 162.

[0052] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the load shaft gear 14 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first gear 111, the outer diameter of the first gear 111 is larger than the outer diameter of the second gear 112, and the outer diameter of the second gear 112 is smaller than the outer diameter of the load shaft gear 14. When the first gear 111 meshes with the drive shaft gear 13, it forms a primary reduction, reducing the speed and amplifying the torque. The outer diameter of the second gear 112 is smaller than the outer diameter of the load shaft gear 14. When the second gear 112 meshes with the load shaft gear 14, it further reduces the speed through secondary reduction, while adapting to the high torque requirement of the load shaft 33.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a second aspect, a traction machine is provided, including a motor 2, a traction sheave assembly 3, a reducer 1, and a brake 4. The motor 2 has a motor housing, a stator assembly, and a rotor assembly, wherein the rotor assembly is a drive shaft 21, and the motor housing includes a housing body, a first end cover 22, and a second end cover 23. The traction sheave assembly 3 has a load shaft 33, and the axis of the drive shaft 21 is coaxially arranged with the axis of the load shaft 33. The reducer 1 is disposed between the motor 2 and the traction sheave assembly 3. The brake 4 is used to brake the traction sheave assembly 3.

[0054] The motor can be a permanent magnet synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor, depending on the specific circumstances.

[0055] Common geared traction machine reducers typically employ a worm gear design. These products are bulky and heavy, leading to higher traction machine costs and inconvenient on-site installation, thus increasing installation expenses. To address this issue, the reducer in this embodiment adopts a novel structure. The input shaft (i.e., drive shaft 21) and output shaft (i.e., load shaft 33) of the reducer are coaxial, resulting in a compact spatial arrangement. This results in a smaller traction machine size, lighter weight, lower cost, easier elevator installation, and lower installation costs.

[0056] In some embodiments, both ends of the drive shaft 21 extend from the motor housing. One end of the drive shaft 21 is connected to the drive shaft gear 13 of the reducer 1, and the other end of the drive shaft 21 is connected to the brake 4. More specifically, the brake 4 is located at the end of the motor and mounted on the second end cover 23 of the motor. The brake is coaxially connected to the drive shaft 21. In an emergency, the braking torque of the brake acts directly on the drive shaft 21 of the motor, enabling the elevator to be stopped more quickly in an emergency, improving the reliability and accuracy of braking, and enhancing safety. The brake acts before the torque amplification of the reducer, allowing for miniaturization and weight reduction while still meeting braking requirements.

[0057] Furthermore, it enables brake miniaturization, significantly reducing the size of the traction machine and lowering production and maintenance costs. The integrated brake and motor design reduces mechanical transmission losses, improves overall system efficiency, and significantly reduces energy consumption. Brake-motor integration also reduces safety hazards caused by mechanical transmission failures and significantly extends brake lifespan. The brake is directly mounted on the second end cover of the motor, resulting in a relatively small overall size and simplified installation, reducing on-site assembly work. Due to the integration of the brake and motor, it is easier to achieve coordinated operation of the brake and motor during commissioning. The compact overall structure requires no separate installation space, making it suitable for elevator machine rooms with limited space or machine room-less elevators, and facilitating maintenance and replacement.

[0058] In some embodiments, the traction wheel assembly 3 further includes a bracket 31 and a traction wheel 32, the traction wheel 32 being disposed on a load shaft 33, and the load shaft 33 being rotatably disposed on the bracket 31.

[0059] The reducer housing 15 is divided into a first housing and a second housing. The first housing is integrally formed with the bracket 31, and the second housing is integrally formed with the first end cover 22 of the motor housing. This makes the structure of the traction machine more compact, reduces the number of parts, lowers the manufacturing cost, and improves the operating efficiency and safety of the traction machine.

[0060] The first end cover and the second housing are integrally connected and have a cavity. The various transmission components of the reducer are housed within this cavity, which contains gear lubricating oil. Oil seals are installed at the input and output ends of the reducer to ensure leak-free operation. A bearing chamber is located on the first end cover near the cavity for mounting the reducer's bearings. The bracket 31, the first housing, the second housing, and the first end cover together form a sealed cavity to house the reducer within this space.

[0061] In some embodiments, the input shaft or drive shaft gear 13 of the gear reducer is integrated with the drive shaft of the motor, and the motor power output is directly supplied to the input end of the reducer without going through other mechanical transmission links, so there is no efficiency loss at the input end.

[0062] When the above-mentioned traction machine is running, the power transmission path is as follows: the torque of the motor 2 is input to the reducer 1, the reducer 1 amplifies the torque, the torque at the output end of the reducer is transmitted to the load shaft 33, and the load shaft 33 transmits the power to the traction sheave 32.

[0063] The internal power transmission path of the reducer is as follows: the drive shaft of the motor serves as the input end of the reduction power, and the load shaft gear of the reducer serves as the output end of the reduction power.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This embodiment, based on the reducer provided by this utility model, specifically defines the arrangement of the transmission components. This embodiment has two transmission components: a first transmission component 11 and a second transmission component 12. The first transmission component 11 and the second transmission component 12 have the same specific structure. The first transmission component 11 consists of a first gear 111, a second gear 112, a first rotating shaft, a first bearing, and a second bearing. The second transmission component 12 consists of a first gear 111, a second gear 112, a second rotating shaft, a first bearing, and a second bearing. The two transmission components are arranged symmetrically along the center line connecting the drive shaft gear 13 and the load shaft gear 14.

[0066] In this embodiment, the power transmission process of the motor drive shaft is as follows: The power output from the motor drive shaft 21 is transmitted to the first gear of the first component and the first gear of the second component of the reducer, which is the first transmission process. In the first transmission process, two pairs of tooth surfaces mesh simultaneously, and the load on a single tooth surface is reduced to 50% of its original value (compared to a single pair of tooth surfaces meshing). Then, the first gear of the first component transmits power to the second gear connected to it, and the first gear of the second component transmits power to the second gear connected to it. The second gears of the first and second components then transmit power to the load shaft 33, which is the second transmission process. In the second transmission process, two pairs of tooth surfaces mesh simultaneously, and the load on a single tooth surface is again reduced to 50% of its original value (compared to a single pair of tooth surfaces meshing).

[0067] In each power transmission process of the overall reducer, two pairs of gear surfaces mesh simultaneously, reducing the load on a single tooth surface to 50% of its original value (compared to a single pair of tooth surfaces meshing), thus improving the durability of the reducer gears.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment, based on the reducer provided by this utility model, specifically defines the arrangement of the transmission components. This embodiment has three transmission components, each evenly spaced along the circumference. The reducer of this embodiment has a first transmission component, a second transmission component, and a third transmission component. The first, second, and third transmission components have identical structures and are evenly distributed concentrically around the axis of the load shaft gear 14. In each power transmission process, three pairs of gear surfaces mesh simultaneously, reducing the load on a single tooth surface to 33% of its original value (compared to single-pair meshing), thus improving the durability of the reducer gears.

[0070] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A speed reducer characterized by, The application relates to a reducer (1) comprising: a reducer housing (15); a drive shaft gear (13) connected with a drive shaft (21); a load shaft gear (14) connected with a load shaft (33); at least two transmission assemblies rotatably arranged inside the reducer housing (15), each of the transmission assemblies comprising a first gear (111) and a second gear (112) connected with each other, the first gears (111) of the transmission assemblies being circumferentially spaced apart and arranged outside the drive shaft gear (13) and simultaneously meshing with the drive shaft gear (13), the second gears (112) of the transmission assemblies being circumferentially spaced apart and arranged outside the load shaft gear (14) and simultaneously meshing with the load shaft gear (14).

2. The speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized by The first gears (111) and the second gears (112) are connected through a rotating shaft (113), the center line of the load shaft gear (14) is coaxially arranged with the center line of the drive shaft gear (13), and the center line of the drive shaft gear (13) and the load shaft gear (14) is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft (113).

3. The speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized by At least two bearing chambers (16) are arranged on the inner walls of the two sides of the reducer housing (15), the bearing chambers (16) are arranged opposite to the rotating shaft (113), and the two ends of the rotating shaft (113) are rotatably arranged in the two bearing chambers (16) through bearings.

4. The speed reducer of claim 1, wherein The outer diameter of the load shaft gear (14) is smaller than the outer diameter of the first gear (111), the outer diameter of the first gear (111) is larger than the outer diameter of the second gear (112), and the outer diameter of the second gear (112) is smaller than the outer diameter of the load shaft gear (14).

5. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The transmission assemblies are provided in two, and the two transmission assemblies are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the drive shaft gear (13) and the load shaft gear (14).

6. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by The transmission assemblies are provided in three or more, and the transmission assemblies are uniformly spaced apart in the circumferential direction.

7. A machine, characterized by The application relates to a reducer (1) comprising: a motor (2) having a motor housing and a drive shaft (21); a traction wheel assembly (3) having a load shaft (33), the axis of the drive shaft (21) is coaxially arranged with the axis of the load shaft (33); the reducer (1) according to any one of claims 1-6 is arranged between the motor (2) and the traction wheel assembly (3); a brake (4) for braking the traction wheel assembly (3).

8. The machine of claim 7, wherein, Both ends of the drive shaft (21) extend out of the motor housing, one extending end of the drive shaft (21) is connected with the drive shaft gear (13) of the reducer (1), and the other extending end of the drive shaft (21) is connected with the brake (4).

9. The machine of claim 7, wherein, The traction wheel assembly (3) further comprises a support (31) and a traction wheel (32), the traction wheel (32) is arranged on the load shaft (33), and the load shaft (33) is rotatably arranged on the support (31); the reducer housing (15) is divided into a first housing and a second housing, the first housing is integrally arranged with the support (31), and the second housing is integrally arranged with the motor housing.

10. The machine according to any of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The drive shaft gear (13) is integrally arranged with the drive shaft (21) of the motor (2); and / or, the load shaft gear (14) is integrally arranged with the load shaft (33).

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