Geological reamer

Abstract

The geological reamer comprises a supporting rod, a reaming head, reaming blocks, connecting blocks and an adjusting sleeve, the reaming head is fixed to the lower end of the supporting rod, the reaming blocks which are evenly distributed along the circumference are arranged on the reaming head, the reaming blocks are connected with the reaming head and the connecting blocks in a rotating mode through an upper connector and a lower connector respectively, and the connecting blocks are connected with the adjusting sleeve in a rotating mode. The adjusting sleeve can slide up and down along the supporting rod and is fixed in position through a locking structure, the lower surface of the reaming head is hemispherical and is provided with first insert teeth, the outer surface of the reaming block is provided with second insert teeth, the reaming block can be driven to be unfolded synchronously by adjusting the position of the adjusting sleeve so as to adjust the reaming diameter, and reaming machining of different geological apertures is achieved. The structure is reasonable, the crushing efficiency is high, and the reaming diameter is adjustable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of reamer, specifically relates to a geological reamer. BACKGROUND

[0002] In geological exploration operation, drilling is a common means to obtain underground geological information. With the increase of drilling depth or the complexity of geological structure, it is often necessary to expand the existing hole for the needs of subsequent coring, sampling or equipment embedding. As a key device to realize hole diameter expansion operation, the structure and function of the reamer directly affect the efficiency and accuracy of the reaming operation.

[0003] The existing geological reamer still has certain limitations in actual application. On the one hand, most of the traditional reamers rely on fixed structure for reaming, and the reaming diameter is not adjustable or the adjustment process is cumbersome, which is difficult to adapt to different hole diameter requirements of operation scene; on the other hand, the broken drilling structure of part of the reamer is not reasonable, which leads to low breaking efficiency in the reaming process, and the problems such as uneven stratum breaking or serious drill bit wear are prone to occur, thereby affecting the reaming quality and operation progress. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a geological reamer, which can realize reasonable design, high reaming efficiency and adjustable reaming diameter.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] A geological reamer, comprising a support rod, a reaming head fixed at the lower end of the support rod, a plurality of reaming blocks arranged uniformly in a circumferential shape mounted on the upper side of the reaming head, and the reaming blocks being adjustable in reaming diameter.

[0007] The lower end of the reaming block is rotationally connected with the reaming head, and the upper end of the reaming block is rotationally connected with a connecting block, and the support rod is sleeved with an adjusting sleeve capable of adjusting the position up and down, and the upper end of the connecting block is rotationally connected with the adjusting sleeve.

[0008] Further, the reaming block is provided in a circular arc shape, and the outer surface of the reaming block is embedded with second inlaid teeth arranged uniformly, the upper end of the reaming block is fixed with an upper connecting head rotationally connected with the connecting block, and the lower end of the reaming block is fixed with a lower connecting head rotationally connected with the reaming head.

[0009] Further, the lower surface of the reaming head is provided with a hemispherical shape, and the lower surface of the reaming head is embedded with first inlaid teeth arranged uniformly, and the upper surface of the reaming head is provided with a connecting groove matched with the lower connecting head.

[0010] Further, the support rod is provided as a square rod, and a clamping head connected with the drill is fixed to the upper end of the support rod, and a plurality of lock holes arranged uniformly in up and down directions are formed in the left and right sides of the support rod.

[0011] Further, a square sleeve opening is formed in the inner side of the adjusting sleeve, and two locking screws are mounted on the outer side of the adjusting sleeve.

[0012] Further, a locking pin is fixed to the end part of the locking screw, and the diameter of the locking pin is the same as that of the lock hole.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

[0014] The utility model discloses a support rod lower end is provided with the hole expanding head, and the hole expanding head works with a plurality of hole expanding blocks, can carry out the primary broken drilling to the ground by the hole expanding head and its first insert tooth in the hole expanding operation, and then the second insert tooth of hole expanding block further carries out the hole expanding processing, realizes the multistage hole expanding process from the center to the outside, the structure makes the hole expanding process more stable, avoids the equipment impact caused by one -time large -area broken, improves the stability and broken efficiency of hole expanding operation, effectively solves the single broken structure, the low broken efficiency of the existing hole expander problem.

[0015] The hole expanding block is rotatably connected with the connecting block at the upper end and rotatably connected with the hole expanding head at the lower end, and can realize the unfolding or folding of a plurality of hole expanding blocks simultaneously under the drive of the adjusting sleeve, thereby adjusting the hole expanding diameter, and the adjusting range is wide and suitable for various geological hole diameter requirements.

[0016] The hole expanding head is provided as a semispherical structure, and the lower surface is uniformly embedded with the first insert tooth, can provide good guiding and broken capacity when primary drilling, and reduces the drill bit deviation risk when starting drilling at the same time.

[0017] The support rod is provided as a square rod, and the upper end is quickly connected with the drill through the clamping head, and the lower end is connected with the hole expanding head to form a complete transmission path.

[0018] The adjusting sleeve is matched with the supporting rod through the square sleeve opening, can slide up and down without rotating deviation, and can realize accurate positioning and locking through the locking screws and the locking pins on two sides; the locking pins are consistent with the locking holes in size, and the structure is matched tightly, so that the adjusting position can be firmly locked at different heights to prevent loosening during the reaming process; the whole structure is simple, the adjustment is convenient, and the locking is reliable, so that the operation efficiency of the equipment in the complex environment in the field is improved, and the technical problems of the loose structure and unstable operation of the existing equipment are effectively overcome. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic view of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a reaming block schematic view of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a supporting rod schematic view of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 It is an adjusting sleeve schematic view of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a locking screw schematic view of the present application.

[0024] In the drawings, the component list represented by each number is as follows:

[0025] 1, reaming head; 11, first insert; 12, connecting groove; 2, reaming block; 21, upper connecting head; 22, second insert; 23, lower connecting head; 3, connecting block; 4, adjusting sleeve; 41, locking screw; 42, square sleeve opening; 421, locking pin; 5, supporting rod; 51, locking hole; 52, clamping head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present application more clear and obvious, the present application will be specifically described below in combination with examples. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or several specific embodiments of the present application, and does not strictly limit the specific protection range of the present application. EMBODIMENT

[0027] As Figure 1As shown, a geological reamer includes a support rod 5, which is a solid square rod made of 40Cr alloy steel, possessing high torsional strength and wear resistance. A reaming head 1 is fixed to the lower end of the support rod 5. The reaming head 1 has a hemispherical structure for initial drilling and guidance, and is made of hard alloy steel to enhance impact resistance. Multiple reaming blocks 2 are evenly arranged in a circular pattern on the upper side of the reaming head 1. The number of reaming blocks 2 is 3 to 6, distributed at equal angles along the circumference to ensure the symmetry and stability of the reaming process. The reaming diameter of the reaming blocks 2 is adjustable. The adjustment structure of the reaming blocks 2 achieves the change of reaming angle through a linkage connecting block 3 and an adjusting sleeve 4, thereby meeting the processing requirements of different hole diameters. It is suitable for reaming operations in the range of 100mm to 300mm.

[0028] The lower end of the expanding block 2 is rotatably connected to the expanding head 1 using a pin-shaft rotation connection. The pin is made of 40Cr quenched material to ensure connection strength and durability. The upper end of the expanding block 2 is rotatably connected to a connecting block 3. The connecting block 3 is a rectangular block structure made of 45 steel with knurled surface to improve contact friction with the adjusting sleeve 4. The support rod 5 is fitted with an adjusting sleeve 4 that can be adjusted up and down. The adjusting sleeve 4 is made of integral forged aluminum alloy, which is lightweight and high-strength. The expanding block is driven and adjusted by sliding up and down. The upper end of the connecting block 3 is rotatably connected to the adjusting sleeve 4 using a pin-shaft limiting connection to ensure that multiple expanding blocks can be expanded or retracted synchronously during adjustment.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the expanding block 2 is designed in an arc shape, with its outer contour curvature matching the expanding radius adjustment range. This ensures full contact with the hole wall during the expanding process without local impact or slippage. The outer surface of the expanding block 2 is inlaid with evenly arranged second insert teeth 22. These second insert teeth 22 are multi-tooth, multi-faceted cutting structures made of YG8 tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, possessing excellent cutting performance and wear resistance. The upper end of the expanding block 2 is fixed with an upper connecting head 21 that is rotatably connected to the connecting block 3. The upper connecting head 21 is an integral forged structure, inserted into the rotating shaft hole of the connecting block 3 and connected via a limiting pin to achieve a rotatable fit. The lower end of the expanding block 2 is fixed with a lower connecting head 23 that is rotatably connected to the expanding head 1. The lower connecting head 23 slides into the connecting groove 12 of the expanding head 1 and is rotatably connected via a rotating pin, ensuring that the expanding block maintains a stable guiding trajectory during expansion or contraction.

[0030] like Figure 3As shown, the lower surface of the reaming head 1 is set as a hemispherical shape. This structural design is beneficial for guiding drilling in the early stage of reaming, reducing the risk of initial drilling deviation, and enhancing operational stability. The lower surface of the reaming head 1 is inlaid with uniformly arranged first insert teeth 11. The first insert teeth 11 are made of YG8 cemented carbide, which is the same material as the second insert teeth 22. The tooth density is 6 to 8 teeth per square centimeter, which has a strong initial breaking ability. The upper surface of the reaming head 1 is provided with a connecting groove 12 that mates with the lower connecting head 23. The connecting groove 12 is a radial arc groove structure, which can adapt to the connection posture of the reaming block at different angles, while maintaining rotational freedom.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the support rod 5 is a square rod with a side length of 40mm. The square structure matches the square opening 42 inside the adjusting sleeve 4 to prevent rotational displacement during adjustment. The upper end of the support rod 5 is fixed with a clamping head 52 that connects to the drilling machine. The clamping head 52 is a T-shaped bayonet structure with a specification of φ45mm, which can be quickly connected to common drilling equipment and has good ease of assembly and disassembly and versatility. Multiple locking holes 51 are evenly arranged vertically on both the left and right sides of the support rod 5. The diameter of the locking holes 51 is 8mm and the vertical spacing is 20mm. There are no less than 6 sets of them, which facilitates the positioning and locking of the adjusting sleeve 4 in different positions to meet the actual needs of different depth operations.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the inner side of the adjusting sleeve 4 has a square opening 42 with an inner diameter of 41mm, which forms a transition fit with the square outer diameter of the support rod 5, taking into account both sliding flexibility and fit stability; the outer side of the adjusting sleeve 4 is equipped with two locking screws 41, which are M8×40 specifications, made of stainless steel, and have strong corrosion resistance, making them suitable for harsh environments in field geological drilling.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, a locking pin 421 is fixed to the end of the locking screw 41. The diameter of the locking pin 421 is the same as the diameter of the locking hole 51, both being 8mm. The locking pin 421 is made of hardened carbon steel with a surface carburizing treatment to improve shear strength. After the adjustment sleeve 4 is adjusted, the locking pin 421 is inserted into the corresponding locking hole 51 by turning the screw, ensuring that the adjustment sleeve 4 is locked and fixed, preventing the structure from loosening or shifting during the hole expansion process, and improving the safety and stability of the hole expansion operation of the whole machine.

[0034] Example 2: Geological borehole expander with multi-stage fracturing structure

[0035] In this embodiment, a reaming head is installed at the lower end of the support rod. The reaming head is made of YG20 cemented carbide and is CNC machined to form a hemispherical structure with a diameter of 100mm. Twenty first inserts are evenly distributed on the lower surface, each with a tooth height of 8mm and a tooth spacing of 10mm. Six reaming blocks are fixed above the reaming head. Each reaming block is an R150 arc shape, with 14 second inserts fixedly arranged on its outer surface. Each second insert is made of YG8 cemented carbide and welded into a machining groove. The second insert has a tooth height of 10mm and a cutting angle of 20°. During operation, the first inserts of the reaming head first break the ground in the central area, and then the second inserts of the reaming blocks advance along the circumference of the reaming hole, forming a breaking path from the inside out. This method is suitable for reaming scenarios with diameters of 100~200mm.

[0036] Comparative Case: Traditional hole expanders only have a cylindrical expanding head with several breaking teeth welded on one side. During operation, they rely on repeated rotation and grinding of the same part, resulting in insufficient central breaking and poor hole expansion stability, with drilling often deviating. In contrast, this embodiment forms a zoned, multi-stage breaking structure, which effectively improves hole expansion accuracy and initial breaking efficiency.

[0037] Example 3: Linked Hole Enlarging Structure with Adjustable Hole Enlarging Diameter

[0038] In this embodiment, the expanding block 2 forms a double-shaft connection structure with the expanding head and the connecting block through the upper and lower connectors; the connecting block is made of 45 steel and machined into a rectangular part with a thickness of 12mm, a width of 30mm, and a length of 50mm, and the connecting block is provided with a φ10mm shaft hole; the adjusting sleeve is an integral aluminum alloy casting with an outer diameter of 60mm, a height of 80mm, and an inner square sleeve with a side length of 41mm, which slides with the support rod; by moving the adjusting sleeve downward along the support rod, the connecting block moves downward as a whole. Since the connecting block and the expanding block are rotatably connected, the expanding block expands outward synchronously, so that the original expanding diameter is adjusted from Φ150mm to Φ230mm. The adjustment process is smooth. After positioning, it is precisely locked by engaging the M8 locking screw with the φ8mm locking hole.

[0039] Comparative Case: In a certain existing type of reamer, the reaming block is a fixed structure without an adjustment mechanism. When different diameter holes are required, the entire reamer head needs to be replaced, which is cumbersome and results in low equipment utilization. In contrast, this embodiment is easy to adjust, highly adaptable, and meets the requirements for reaming multiple hole diameters.

[0040] Example 4: Hemispherical guide reaming head and high-strength wear-resistant insert tooth structure

[0041] The reaming head is integrally forged into a Φ100mm hemisphere, made of cemented carbide steel and carburized to achieve a surface hardness of HRC62 or higher. The first insert is welded and evenly distributed on the lower surface, with a density of 7 teeth per square centimeter. The second insert on the outer side of the reaming block is made of the same cemented carbide material, with a density of 13 teeth per block, arranged in a spiral pattern along the arc surface. This effectively breaks up rock strata and reduces cutting resistance, making it suitable for reaming operations on medium-hard rocks such as sandstone and limestone. The tooth tip angle is controlled between 15° and 25°, providing excellent cutting sharpness.

[0042] Comparative Case: Compared to an older type of hole expander, its expanding head has a flat end structure, resulting in poor guiding performance and a tendency to deviate or skew when encountering hard strata. In addition, the insert teeth used are made of low alloy steel, which has a high wear rate and often requires frequent replacement. In contrast, this embodiment adopts a hemispherical guide and high-strength insert tooth design, which enhances guiding performance and service life.

[0043] Example 5: Precisely Positionable Support Rod and Adjustable Locking Structure

[0044] This embodiment uses a square rod structure support rod with a side length of 40mm and a length of 800mm. The entire rod is made of 40Cr tempered steel, which has high strength and sufficient rigidity. There are 8 sets of lock holes on both sides, with a spacing of 20mm and a diameter of 8mm for each hole. The holes are CNC milled for high precision. The adjusting sleeve is a precision-machined T6 aluminum alloy part with two M8 locking screws on the outer circle. After tightening, its end is fixed with a locking pin made of quenched 45 steel with a diameter of 8mm. It works with the lock holes to achieve precise positioning, and the adjustment error is controlled within ±1mm.

[0045] Comparative Case: In traditional structures, the support rod is a round rod with a spiral clamping adjustment ring. After adjustment, the positioning relies on friction, which can easily cause the hole to shift due to vibration. In contrast, this embodiment uses a rigid locking pin-locking hole structure for positioning, which ensures the consistency of the hole size, and has a significant advantage, especially in deep hole drilling.

[0046] Example 6: Design of Anti-rotation Adjustment Sleeve Structure and High-Efficiency Locking Mechanism

[0047] The adjusting sleeve has an outer diameter of 60mm and a height of 80mm. It adopts a square inner hole structure that precisely matches the square shape of the support rod, ensuring that the adjusting sleeve can only move in a straight line up and down, avoiding rotational misalignment. Two locking screws are symmetrically set on the outer side of the adjusting sleeve. The screw heads are fixed with hard locking pins with a diameter of 8mm. The locking pins are made of 20CrMnTi and have been high-frequency quenched, with a surface hardness of HRC60. After being inserted into the locking hole of the support rod, they form a rigid lock, which can adapt to vibration and high-load operating conditions, and is especially suitable for impact hole enlargement construction scenarios.

[0048] Comparative Case: Compared to the old-style hole expander that uses an O-ring adjustment ring with a single-threaded fastener, which is still prone to axial slippage under vibration after locking, this embodiment provides a rigid locking pin-locking hole dual positioning structure, which is suitable for hole expansion operations under different construction intensities and effectively improves safety and stability.

[0049] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: When performing geological hole enlargement, the hole enlarger is clamped on the drilling machine, and then the drilling machine is controlled to drive the hole enlarger to rotate and descend. At this time, the hole enlarger head 1 and the first insert tooth 11 on the hole enlarger break the ground and drill holes to enlarge the original hole. At this time, the hole enlarger continues to descend, so that the second insert tooth 22 on the outer surface of the hole enlarger block 2 contacts the ground and breaks the ground, thereby completing the further hole enlargement process.

[0050] When adjusting the diameter of the enlarged hole, loosen the locking screw 41 and move the adjusting sleeve 4 downward. The adjusting sleeve 4 then drives the connecting block 3 to descend and rotates the enlarged hole block 2. At this time, multiple enlarged hole blocks 2 expand outward simultaneously, thereby increasing the diameter of the enlarged hole block 2 and completing the adjustment of the enlarged hole diameter. After the adjustment is completed, tighten the locking screw 41 again so that the locking pin 421 is inserted into the corresponding locking hole 51, thereby locking and fixing the adjusting sleeve 4.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented using conventional methods in the field.

Claims

1. A geological reamer, characterized by: Including support rod (5), the lower end of support rod (5) is fixed with reaming head (1), the upper side of reaming head (1) is installed with multiple reaming blocks (2) that are arranged uniformly in a circle, and the reaming block (2) can adjust reaming diameter; The lower end of reaming block (2) is rotatably connected with reaming head (1), and the upper end of reaming block (2) is rotatably connected with connecting block (3), the support rod (5) is sleeved with adjusting sleeve (4) that can be adjusted in up-down position, and the upper end of connecting block (3) is rotatably connected with adjusting sleeve (4); The reaming block (2) is arranged as a circular arc, and the outer surface of the reaming block (2) is inlaid with second inlaid teeth (22) arranged uniformly, the upper end of the reaming block (2) is fixed with upper connecting head (21) rotatably connected with connecting block (3), and the lower end of the reaming block (2) is fixed with lower connecting head (23) rotatably connected with reaming head (1); The lower surface of the reaming head (1) is provided with a semispherical shape, and the lower surface of the reaming head (1) is inlaid with first inlaid teeth (11) arranged uniformly, and the upper surface of the reaming head (1) is provided with connecting groove (12) matched with lower connecting head (23).

2. A geological reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The support rod (5) is arranged as a square rod, and the upper end of the support rod (5) is fixed with clamping head (52) connected with a drilling machine, and the left and right sides of the support rod (5) are provided with multiple lock holes (51) arranged uniformly in up-down direction.

3. A geological reamer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The inner side of the adjusting sleeve (4) is provided with square sleeve opening (42), and the outer side of the adjusting sleeve (4) is provided with two locking screws (41) on the left and right sides.

4. A geological reamer as claimed in claim 3, wherein: The end part of the locking screw (41) is fixed with lock pin (421), and the diameter of the lock pin (421) is the same as the diameter of the lock hole (51).

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