Resin adsorbent drying and dehydrating device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, in particular to a resin adsorbent drying and dehydrating device, which is characterized in that a hot nitrogen pipeline, a material pipeline and a safety valve are arranged at the top of an adsorption column, a resin discharge pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the adsorption column, an inspection sealing cover is arranged on the material pipeline, and a spray guide pipeline is arranged on the resin discharge pipeline; filter end covers are arranged on the resin discharge pipeline and the spray guide pipeline; a top distributor and a bottom distributor are arranged in the adsorption column, the top distributor is communicated with a hot nitrogen pipeline, and the adsorption column is provided with a nitrogen outlet communicated with the bottom distributor. Hot nitrogen is introduced into the top of the adsorption column, pressure is released from the bottom of the adsorption column, and the hot nitrogen flow, the outlet temperature and the continuous drying time are strictly controlled; the residual moisture in the resin adsorbent is ensured to be thoroughly removed, so that the residual moisture is effectively prevented from reacting with chlorosilane to generate silicate and other impurities, and the filter cap is prevented from being blocked.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical equipment technology, and in particular to a resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device. Background Technology

[0002] In the chemical industry, especially in the production of polysilicon, resin adsorbents play a crucial role. With the widespread application of the modified Siemens process in polysilicon production, the requirements for impurity concentration at each production stage are becoming increasingly stringent. As an important step in impurity removal, the distillation column's capacity is gradually showing limitations in the face of ever-improving standards. Resin adsorption technology, with its excellent impurity adsorption performance, has achieved a usage rate of nearly 98% in the distillation stage of polysilicon production.

[0003] Resin adsorbents are characterized by their large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity; however, this also makes them extremely sensitive to moisture content, typically requiring a moisture content below 0.5%. In actual production processes, resin adsorbents inevitably come into contact with air during transportation and installation, leading to an increase in their moisture content. When residual moisture in the adsorbent is not effectively removed, it will chemically react with silicon tetrachloride during the subsequent activation process, generating silicate impurities. These silicate impurities exhibit viscous physical properties and easily clog the filter caps of the adsorption column. Once the filter caps are clogged, the normal feeding and discharging functions of the adsorption column will be severely hindered, negatively impacting the smooth operation of the entire production process. This not only reduces production efficiency but may also lead to decreased product quality and increased production costs.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly urgent to develop a drying and dehydration device that can effectively solve the problem of moisture absorption by resin adsorbents, ensure the normal operation of the adsorption column during the activation process, and has the advantages of high efficiency, stability, and energy saving. This utility model aims to provide a novel resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and meet the stringent requirements for resin adsorbent drying and dehydration in polysilicon production and other related chemical fields. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes a novel resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device, which solves the technical problem that when residual moisture in the adsorbent is not effectively removed, the moisture will react chemically with silicon tetrachloride during the subsequent silicon tetrachloride activation process, generating impurities such as silicates.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows: A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device includes an adsorption column, characterized in that: the top of the adsorption column is provided with a hot nitrogen pipeline, a material pipeline, and a safety valve, and the bottom is provided with a resin discharge pipeline; the material pipeline is provided with an inspection sealing cap, the resin discharge pipeline is provided with a drain pipeline, and both the resin discharge pipeline and the drain pipeline are provided with filter end caps; the adsorption column is provided with a top distributor and a bottom distributor, the top distributor is connected to the hot nitrogen pipeline, the adsorption column is provided with a nitrogen outlet connected to the bottom distributor, the adsorption column is provided with several tower top insulation rings, and the adsorption column is provided with several temperature detectors and pressure detectors, as well as a pressure gauge that cooperates with the pressure detectors.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the adsorption column is connected to a skirt, the resin discharge pipe is inclined and extends to the outside of the skirt, the drain pipe is also located outside the skirt, the skirt has two sets of group seat vent holes at the top and anchor bolts at the bottom, and a skirt inspection hole is provided between the anchor bolts and the group seat vent holes.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the adsorption column is funnel-shaped, the resin discharge pipe is connected to the bottom outlet end of the resin discharge pipe, and the resin discharge pipe is inclined at 60 degrees with the adsorption column as the center.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the hot nitrogen pipeline is connected to a steam source and a nitrogen heater, and the hot nitrogen has a temperature of 90°C, a dew point of <-50°C, and a purity of 99.9996%, while the room temperature nitrogen has a dew point of <-70°C, a purity of 99.9996%, and a pressure guaranteed to be above 0.4 MPa.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, a steam-water separator is provided between the steam source and the nitrogen heater.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the number of temperature detectors and pressure detectors is no less than three, which are respectively set at the top, middle and bottom of the adsorption column.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the number of the tower top insulation rings shall not be less than two, and the material shall be high-temperature resistant insulation material with a thickness of not less than 5 cm.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, both the top distributor and the bottom distributor are perforated plate structures with a hole diameter of 3-5 mm and a hole spacing of 10-15 mm.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the tower top insulation ring is covered with a layer of aluminum foil reflective layer.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the hot nitrogen pipeline is equipped with a flow regulating valve, the material pipeline is equipped with a flow sensor, and the skirt seat is equipped with a liquid level sensor. The flow regulating valve, the flow sensor, and the liquid level sensor are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0017] 1. Introduce hot nitrogen at the top of the adsorption column, depressurize at the bottom, and strictly control the hot nitrogen flow rate (not less than 800 m³N), outlet temperature (not less than 80℃), and continuous drying time (not less than 10 days) to ensure that residual moisture in the resin adsorbent is completely removed. This effectively avoids the reaction of residual moisture with chlorosilane to generate silicates and other impurities, prevents filter cap clogging, and ensures that the adsorption column can feed and discharge normally, maintain stable production operation, improve product quality, and reduce the risk of product non-compliance caused by the introduction of impurities.

[0018] Second, the device is equipped with multiple temperature sensors (no fewer than three, located at the top, middle, and bottom of the adsorption column, respectively) and pressure sensors (no fewer than three, distributed in the same manner as the temperature sensors), along with corresponding pressure gauges. These sensors enable real-time and precise monitoring of temperature and pressure changes at different locations within the adsorption column. A flow regulating valve connected to the hot nitrogen pipeline is electrically connected to the control system. The control system automatically adjusts the hot nitrogen flow rate based on the temperature and pressure data, ensuring that the flow rate remains within the set range, thus achieving precise control of the drying process. This precise monitoring and automatic control mechanism not only ensures the stability of the drying effect but also improves drying efficiency, while avoiding energy waste and incomplete drying caused by excessive or insufficient hot nitrogen flow.

[0019] Third, the installation of at least two heat-insulating rings at the top of the tower (made of high-temperature resistant insulation material with a thickness of not less than 5 cm) reduces heat loss from the top of the adsorption column. The aluminum foil reflective layer covering the outer surface (0.1-0.2 mm thick) further reflects heat, improving energy efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and meeting energy conservation and emission reduction requirements. Simultaneously, the efficient drying and dehydration process reduces potential environmental pollution caused by impurity generation and treatment, thus offering certain environmental benefits.

[0020] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be taught from the practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the upper half of the structure of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the lower half of the structure of this utility model.

[0025] In the diagram: 1: Adsorption column, 2: Hot nitrogen pipeline, 3: Material pipeline, 4: Safety valve, 5: Resin venting pipeline, 6: Inspection seal cap, 7: Drainage pipeline, 8: Filter end cap, 9: Top distributor, 10: Bottom distributor, 11: Nitrogen outlet, 12: Tower top insulation ring, 13: Pressure gauge, 14: Skirt seat, 15: Group seat vent, 16: Anchor bolt, 17: Skirt seat inspection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following will refer to the appendix in the embodiments of this utility model. Figure 1-3 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0027] Example 1: A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device, comprising an adsorption column 1, characterized in that: the top of the adsorption column 1 is provided with a hot nitrogen pipeline 2, a material pipeline 3, and a safety valve 4; the bottom is provided with a resin discharge pipeline 5; the material pipeline 3 is provided with an inspection sealing cap 6; the resin discharge pipeline 5 is provided with a drain pipeline 7; both the resin discharge pipeline 5 and the drain pipeline 7 are provided with filter end caps 8; the adsorption column 1 is provided with a top distributor 9 and a bottom distributor 10; the top distributor 9 is connected to the hot nitrogen pipeline 2; the adsorption column 1 is provided with a nitrogen outlet 11 connected to the bottom distributor 10; the adsorption column 1 is provided with several tower top insulation rings 12; the adsorption column 1 is provided with several temperature detectors and pressure detectors, and a pressure gauge 13 that cooperates with the pressure detectors.

[0028] As a further embodiment, the bottom of the adsorption column 1 is connected to a skirt seat 14, the resin discharge pipe 5 is inclined and extends to the outside of the skirt seat 14, the drain pipe 7 is also located outside the skirt seat 14, two sets of group seat vent holes 15 are provided at the top of the skirt seat 14, and anchor bolts 16 are provided at the bottom. An inspection hole of the skirt seat 14 is provided between the anchor bolts 16 and the group seat vent holes 15.

[0029] As a further embodiment, the number of temperature detectors and pressure detectors is no less than three, which are respectively set at the top, middle and bottom of the adsorption column 1.

[0030] As a further embodiment, both the top distributor 9 and the bottom distributor 10 are perforated plate structures with a hole diameter of 3-5 mm and a hole spacing of 10-15 mm.

[0031] As a further embodiment, the hot nitrogen pipeline 2 is equipped with a flow regulating valve, the material pipeline 3 is equipped with a flow sensor, and the skirt seat 14 is equipped with a liquid level sensor. The flow regulating valve, the flow sensor, and the liquid level sensor are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0032] Working principle

[0033] Hot nitrogen gas enters the adsorption column 1 through the hot nitrogen gas pipe 2. After being evenly distributed by the top distributor 9, it comes into full contact with the resin adsorbent packed in the adsorption column 1. Due to the high temperature and certain flow rate of the hot nitrogen gas, it can remove the moisture in the resin adsorbent, causing the moisture to evaporate from the surface of the resin adsorbent and flow with the hot nitrogen gas. The hot nitrogen gas flows from top to bottom in the adsorption column 1. After passing through the resin adsorbent bed, it is discharged from the nitrogen outlet 11, which is connected to the bottom distributor 10, thereby realizing the drying and dehydration process of the resin adsorbent.

[0034] The temperature and pressure inside the adsorption column 1 are monitored in real time by multiple temperature and pressure sensors. These data are transmitted to the control system. The control system adjusts the flow rate of hot nitrogen by controlling the flow regulating valve on the hot nitrogen pipeline 2 according to the preset parameter range, so that the drying process is always in the optimal state. The flow sensor on the material pipeline 3 monitors the material inflow and outflow. When the flow is abnormal, the control system issues an alarm in time to ensure normal material flow. The liquid level sensor on the skirt 14 monitors whether there is liquid accumulation in the skirt. If the liquid level reaches the set threshold, an alarm will also be triggered so that the operator can deal with it in time.

[0035] First, seal the manhole of the adsorption column 1 filled with resin adsorbent to ensure that the inside of the adsorption column 1 is sealed. Connect the hot nitrogen pipeline 2, material pipeline 3, resin discharge pipeline 5, drain pipeline 7 and other related pipelines and components. Check whether the safety valve 4 is working properly to ensure equipment safety.

[0036] Turn on the hot nitrogen supply system to allow hot nitrogen to enter adsorption column 1 at a suitable flow rate (initially set based on experience, and subsequently automatically adjusted by the control system). The hot nitrogen temperature is maintained at approximately 90℃ (dew point < -50℃, purity 99.9996%), and the pressure is not lower than 0.4MPa. During the drying process, temperature and pressure sensors continuously monitor the temperature and pressure changes within adsorption column 1, and the data is transmitted to the control system.

[0037] The inspection seal cover 6 on the material pipeline 3 is kept closed during normal operation. If it is necessary to inspect or maintain the material pipeline 3, the inspection seal cover 6 can be opened for operation. When the material enters or exits, the flow sensor monitors the flow in real time. If an abnormal flow is detected (such as a sudden increase or decrease in flow), the control system will immediately issue an alarm signal. The operator will check whether there is a problem with the material supply system or downstream equipment according to the alarm prompt.

[0038] The filter end caps 8 on the resin discharge pipe 5 and the drain pipe 7 ensure that no resin particles or impurities enter the pipes during the drying process. At the same time, they prevent backflow of foreign objects when it is necessary to discharge resin or accumulated liquid. The skirt 14 is fixed to the ground by the anchor bolts 16. The skirt vent 15 on its top can discharge any gas that may accumulate inside the skirt. The skirt inspection hole makes it convenient for operators to regularly check the internal condition of the skirt.

[0039] The top distributor 9 and bottom distributor 10 (porous plate structure, pore diameter 3-5 mm, pore spacing 10-15 mm) inside the adsorption column 1 uniformly disperse hot nitrogen gas in the adsorption column 1, so that all parts of the resin adsorbent can be fully dried. The drying process continues, and according to the set drying time (not less than 10 days), it is ensured that the residual moisture of the resin adsorbent meets the requirements, so that the burst dew point temperature of the chlorosilane material is below -45℃ before activation.

[0040] Example 2: A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device, based on Example 1, wherein the bottom of the adsorption column 1 is funnel-shaped, the resin discharge pipe 5 is connected to the bottom outlet end of the resin discharge pipe 5, and the resin discharge pipe 5 is inclined at 60 degrees with the adsorption column 1 as the center.

[0041] As a further embodiment, the hot nitrogen pipeline 2 is connected to a steam source and a nitrogen heater, and the temperature of the hot nitrogen is 90°C, the dew point is <-50°C, and the purity is 99.9996%, while the dew point of the room temperature nitrogen is <-70°C, the purity is 99.9996%, and the pressure is guaranteed to be above 0.4MPa.

[0042] As a further embodiment, a steam-water separator is provided between the steam source and the nitrogen heater.

[0043] Working principle

[0044] Similar to Example 1, but the funnel-shaped arrangement at the bottom of the adsorption column 1 and the special inclined structure of the resin discharge pipe 5 help the resin adsorbent and residual moisture to flow more smoothly to the bottom outlet of the resin discharge pipe 5, facilitating centralized discharge. The steam provided by the steam source enters the nitrogen heater after the water is removed by the steam-water separator, where it is mixed with nitrogen to form hot nitrogen. This method can provide a drier and more stable hot nitrogen source, further improving the drying and dehydration effect. The flow path and drying principle of the hot nitrogen in the adsorption column 1 are the same as in Example 1. It removes moisture by contacting the resin adsorbent, and achieves efficient drying under the regulation of temperature and pressure monitoring and control system.

[0045] Based on Example 1, the bottom structure of the adsorption column 1 is further optimized. Before filling the resin adsorbent, ensure that the funnel-shaped structure at the bottom of the adsorption column 1 is firmly installed and the inner wall is smooth to facilitate material flow. The resin discharge pipe 5 is precisely installed at an angle of 60 degrees with the adsorption column 1 as the center, so that it is tightly connected to the bottom outlet end of the resin discharge pipe 5 to prevent leakage.

[0046] Connect the steam source and the nitrogen heater to ensure the steam-water separator is working properly. Start the steam source to allow steam to enter the steam-water separator. The separated dry steam enters the nitrogen heater and is mixed with room temperature nitrogen (dew point < -70℃, purity 99.9996%) and heated to 90℃ (dew point < -50℃, purity 99.9996%). Then, it enters the adsorption column 1 through the hot nitrogen pipeline 2 for drying. Throughout the process, the temperature and pressure monitoring and control methods in Example 1 are followed to ensure the drying process is stable. After drying, when discharging the resin adsorbent or residual impurities through the resin discharge pipeline 5, the funnel-shaped bottom and inclined pipeline structure are used to achieve rapid and thorough discharge.

[0047] Example 3: A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device, based on Example 1, wherein the number of the tower top insulation rings 12 is not less than 2, the material is high temperature resistant insulation material, and the thickness is not less than 5 cm.

[0048] As a further embodiment, the outer surface of the tower top insulation ring 12 is covered with a layer of aluminum foil reflective layer.

[0049] Working principle

[0050] The heat insulation ring 12 at the top of the tower and the aluminum foil reflective layer covering its outer surface work together to reduce heat loss from the top of the adsorption column 1. During the drying process, the top of the adsorption column 1 is the part where heat is easily lost. The heat insulation ring 12 uses high-temperature resistant heat insulation material (thickness not less than 5 cm) to prevent heat from being transferred outward, while the aluminum foil reflective layer reflects some of the heat radiated outward back into the adsorption column 1, thereby maintaining a stable temperature inside the adsorption column 1. This allows the hot nitrogen to maintain a high temperature and drying capacity inside the adsorption column 1, improving the utilization efficiency of the hot nitrogen and further promoting the drying and dehydration process of the resin adsorbent.

[0051] Based on Example 1, install the tower top insulation ring 12, select a suitable high-temperature resistant heat insulation material (such as ceramic fiber) to make the insulation ring 12, ensure that its thickness is not less than 5 cm, and tightly attach it to the top of the adsorption column 1. Then, cover the outer surface of the insulation ring 12 with an aluminum foil reflective layer (thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm). The aluminum foil reflective layer can be firmly fixed on the insulation ring 12 by means of pasting or wrapping.

[0052] During the drying process, under the same hot nitrogen supply and control method as in Example 1, the insulation ring 12 and the aluminum foil reflective layer play the roles of insulation and heat reflection. The operator can monitor the temperature change at the top of the adsorption column 1 through a temperature detector and compare the temperature data with that when the insulation ring 12 and the aluminum foil reflective layer are not installed to verify its insulation and energy-saving effect. At the same time, the temperature, pressure, flow rate and other parameters throughout the drying process are continuously monitored to ensure that the resin adsorbent drying and dehydration process proceeds normally and efficiently under optimized insulation conditions to achieve the expected drying effect, such as the residual moisture content being lower than the required value, so that the burst dew point temperature of the chlorosilane material before activation meets the standard.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "on top" can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "under," and "below" can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature. In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0054] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device, comprising an adsorption column (1), characterized in that: The adsorption column (1) is provided with a hot nitrogen pipeline (2) and a material pipeline (3) and a safety valve (4) at the top, and a resin discharge pipeline (5) at the bottom. The material pipeline (3) is provided with an inspection sealing cap (6), and the resin discharge pipeline (5) is provided with a drain pipeline (7). Both the resin discharge pipeline (5) and the drain pipeline (7) are provided with filter end caps (8). The adsorption column (1) is provided with a top distributor (9) and a bottom distributor (10) inside. The top distributor (9) is connected to the hot nitrogen pipeline (2). The adsorption column (1) is provided with a nitrogen outlet (11) connected to the bottom distributor (10). The adsorption column (1) is provided with several tower top insulation rings (12). The adsorption column (1) is provided with several temperature detectors and pressure detectors and a pressure gauge (13) that works with the pressure detectors.

2. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the adsorption column (1) is connected to a skirt seat (14). The resin discharge pipe (5) is inclined and extends to the outside of the skirt seat (14). The drain pipe (7) is also located outside the skirt seat (14). The top of the skirt seat (14) is provided with two sets of group seat exhaust holes (15), and the bottom is provided with anchor bolts (16). The foot bolts (16) and the group seat exhaust holes (15) are provided with skirt seat (14) inspection holes.

3. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the adsorption column (1) is funnel-shaped, and the resin discharge pipe (5) is connected to the bottom outlet end of the resin discharge pipe (5). The resin discharge pipe (5) is inclined (60) degrees with the adsorption column (1) as the center.

4. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot nitrogen pipeline (2) is connected to a steam source and a nitrogen heater. The temperature of the hot nitrogen is 90°C, the dew point is <-50°C and the purity is 99.9996%. The dew point of the room temperature nitrogen is <-70°C and the purity is 99.9996%. The pressure is guaranteed to be above 0.4MPa.

5. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A steam-water separator is provided between the steam source and the nitrogen heater.

6. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of temperature detectors and pressure detectors is no less than three, and they are respectively set at the top, middle and bottom of the adsorption column (1).

7. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the tower top insulation rings (12) shall not be less than two, and the material shall be high temperature resistant insulation material with a thickness of not less than 5 cm.

8. The resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer surface of the tower top insulation ring (12) is covered with a layer of aluminum foil reflective layer.

9. A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The top distributor (9) and bottom distributor (10) are both perforated plate structures with a hole diameter of 3-5 mm and a hole spacing of 10-15 mm.

10. A resin adsorbent drying and dehydration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hot nitrogen pipeline (2) is equipped with a flow regulating valve, the material pipeline (3) is equipped with a flow sensor, and the skirt seat (14) is equipped with a liquid level sensor. The flow regulating valve, the flow sensor, and the liquid level sensor are all electrically connected to the control system.

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