Wind speed and wind direction measuring device based on Hall effect and electromagnetic induction
The wind speed and direction measurement device, which combines the Hall effect with electromagnetic induction, solves the problems of low accuracy and poor environmental adaptability of traditional sensors, and achieves high-precision and stable wind speed and direction measurement, suitable for harsh environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520578886.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing wind speed and direction sensors have low accuracy, are easily damaged, and have poor environmental adaptability. The measurement accuracy of photoelectric encoders is affected under strong light and requires precise calibration. Furthermore, traditional sensors are susceptible to mechanical wear.
Employing the Hall effect and electromagnetic induction principles, it calculates angles and rotational speeds using changes in magnetic fields. Combining a non-contact design with corrosion-resistant materials, it uses Hall sensors and magnetic field sources to measure wind speed and direction, avoiding the shortcomings of mechanical contact and photoelectric encoders.
It achieves high-precision and stable wind speed and direction measurement, has good environmental resistance, avoids mechanical wear and optical interference, and is suitable for harsh environments such as the ocean.
Smart Images
Figure CN223926461U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of wind speed and direction measurement, and particularly relates to a wind speed and direction measurement device based on Hall effect and electromagnetic induction. BACKGROUND
[0002] Existing wind speed and direction sensors mostly use mechanical wind wheels or capacitive sensing principles, but these sensors usually have problems such as low precision, easy damage, and poor environmental adaptability. In wind direction measurement, an optical encoder is used to measure the angle of a wind vane or a wind wheel in a wind direction instrument. By measuring the rotation angle of the wind vane (or the wind wheel), the direction of the wind can be calculated. Wind speed measurement is achieved by combining an optical encoder with the rotational speed of the wind wheel. The rotational speed of the wind wheel is proportional to the wind speed, and the optical encoder can be used to measure the rotational speed of the wind wheel to calculate the wind speed. Although the optical encoder technology has high anti-interference ability, under strong external light sources (such as direct sunlight or strong light pollution), it may affect the measurement accuracy. In order to overcome this, an optical isolation and filtering system usually needs to be designed. The optical encoder needs to be accurately calibrated during installation to ensure the accurate relative position of the optical sensor and the encoder, otherwise it may cause angle measurement errors. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL
[0003] Based on the above problems, the application uses the relative position change of a magnetic field source (such as a permanent magnet or an electromagnet) and a Hall sensor to calculate the angle and rotational speed based on the Hall effect angle measurement. The change in rotational angle will cause a change in the direction of the magnetic field, thereby affecting the size and direction of the Hall effect voltage. The use of Hall effect to measure wind direction is particularly suitable for applications that require precise control and monitoring. The technical scheme is as follows:
[0004] A wind speed and direction measurement device based on Hall effect and electromagnetic induction, comprising a shell, the front end of the shell is provided with a propeller, and the tail end is provided with a tail wing; the inside of the shell is provided with a propeller transmission shaft, a ceramic bearing one, a wind speed measurement magnetic ring, and a wind direction transmission device; one end of the propeller transmission shaft is connected with the propeller, and the other end is connected with a center shaft through a shaft coupling, the outer wall of the center shaft is fixed with the ceramic bearing one, and the end of the center shaft is provided with the wind speed measurement magnetic ring; the wind direction transmission device is connected with a wind direction sensor transmission shaft, one end of the wind direction sensor transmission shaft penetrates through an induction coil, and the other end is connected with a wind direction Hall sensor through a wind direction sensor transmission shaft coupling.
[0005] Preferably, a limiting sheet is arranged between the propeller and the shell.
[0006] Preferably, a shielding ring three is arranged between the center shaft and the wind speed measurement magnetic ring.
[0007] Preferably, the upper end of the wind direction transmission device is provided with a groove, and the lower end is fixed with a wind direction sensor transmission shaft, which is connected with the central shaft of the wind direction Hall sensor through a wind direction sensor transmission shaft coupling.
[0008] Preferably, the inside of the shell is provided with a boss corresponding to the groove at the upper end of the wind direction transmission device, and the wind direction transmission device is fixed with the boss inside the shell through the connection between the groove at the upper end of the wind direction transmission device and the boss at the corresponding position inside the shell.
[0009] Preferably, the wind direction measurement Hall sensor includes a wind direction Hall sensor central shaft, a shielding ring one, a shielding ring two, a wind direction measurement magnetic ring, a Hall element, a wind direction Hall sensor circuit board and a sensor shell; the wind direction measurement magnetic ring is embedded between the shielding ring one and the shielding ring two, and the shielding ring one is fixed on the wind direction Hall sensor central shaft; the outer wall of the wind direction Hall sensor central shaft is fixed with a ceramic bearing two, which is installed in the inner wall of the upper end cover of the sensor shell; the inner wall of the sensor shell is fixed with a Hall element circuit board at the bottom, and two Hall elements are fixed on the upper surface of the Hall element circuit board, and the Hall elements are installed directly below the plane of the wind direction measurement magnetic ring, and the upper surface of the Hall elements is parallel to the lower surface of the wind direction measurement magnetic ring.
[0010] Preferably, the angle between the two Hall elements is 180 degrees.
[0011] Preferably, the wind direction sensor transmission shaft is installed in the support sleeve.
[0012] Preferably, the wind direction sensor transmission shaft is installed in the support sleeve, the bottom of the support sleeve is provided with a fixed cylinder, the fixed cylinder is fixed with a single-chip microcomputer circuit board protection shell, and a single-chip microcomputer circuit board is installed in the single-chip microcomputer circuit board protection shell, which is electrically connected with the wind direction Hall sensor circuit board and the induction coil.
[0013] Preferably, the blades of the propeller are of symmetrical structure, and there are four square grooves in the middle of the propeller hub, corresponding to the four bosses on the propeller fixing device, for fixing the propeller, and the propeller is fixed on the front end of the shell through a locking nut.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present technology has the following advantages:
[0015] High-precision measurement: adopting the principles of Hall effect and electromagnetic induction, the present technology has higher wind speed and direction measurement precision and stability.
[0016] Strong environmental resistance: using non-contact measurement, the sensor is not easily affected by salt spray, humidity, strong wind and other factors in the marine environment, ensuring long-term stable operation.
[0017] Anti-corrosion design: the sensor shell is made of anti-seawater corrosion material, and stainless steel transmission shaft and fixed seat, ceramic bearings, aluminum alloy coating are used, which can work in the marine environment for a long time.
[0018] No mechanical wear: without mechanical contact, avoid the problem of traditional potential sensor precision decline due to mechanical wear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present application;
[0020] Figure 2 It is a local diagram of wind speed measurement;
[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of propeller drive shaft and fixing;
[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of wind direction measurement Hall sensor.
[0023] Figure 5 It is a local schematic diagram of wind direction measurement.
[0024] In the figure: 1, locking nut; 2, fixing nut; 3, propeller; 4, limit sheet; 5, shell; 6, propeller drive shaft; 7, wind speed drive shaft coupling; 8, ceramic bearing one; 9, center shaft; 10, wind speed measurement magnetic ring; 20- shielding ring three; 11, boss; 12, wind direction transmission device; 13, tail wing; 14, wind direction sensor drive shaft; 15, inductive coil; 16, terminal; 17, sensor drive shaft coupling; 18, ceramic bearing two; 19, wind direction Hall sensor center shaft; 101, shielding ring one; 102, wind direction measurement magnetic ring; 103, Hall element, 104, shielding ring two; 110, wind direction Hall sensor circuit board; 111, sensor shell; 25, output line of single-chip microcomputer circuit board; 26, single-chip microcomputer circuit board electrical box; 27, single-chip microcomputer circuit board; 28, fixed cylinder; 29, support sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical scheme of the present application, rather than limitations of the technical scheme of the present application, and the specific technical features can be combined with each other.
[0026] A wind speed and direction measurement device based on Hall effect and electromagnetic induction, comprising a shell 5, the front end of the shell is provided with a propeller 3, and the tail end is provided with a tail wing 13; the inside of the shell 5 is provided with a propeller drive shaft 6, a ceramic bearing one 8, a wind speed measurement magnetic ring 10 and a wind direction transmission device 12; one end of the propeller drive shaft 6 is connected with the propeller 3, and the other end is connected with a center shaft 9 through a coupling 7, the outer wall of the center shaft 9 is fixed with the ceramic bearing one 8, and the end of the center shaft 9 is provided with the wind speed measurement magnetic ring 10; a shielding ring three 20 is arranged between the center shaft 9 and the wind speed measurement magnetic ring 10.
[0027] The propeller 3 is of symmetrical structure, and the propeller hub has four square grooves in the middle, corresponding to four bosses on the propeller fixing device, and the propeller is fixed by a locking nut 1; a limiting piece 4 is fastened to the front end of the wind speed transmission shaft by a fixing nut 2, and the rear end of the wind speed transmission shaft is connected to the central shaft of the wind speed sensor through a shaft coupling.
[0028] The wind direction transmission device 12 is provided with a groove at the upper end and a wind direction sensor transmission shaft 14 fixed at the lower end, and the wind direction sensor transmission shaft 14 is installed in a support sleeve 29. The wind direction sensor transmission shaft 14 is connected to the central shaft 19 of the wind direction Hall sensor through a wind direction sensor transmission shaft coupling 17. One end of the wind direction sensor transmission shaft 14 is provided with an induction coil 15, and the distance between the induction coil 15 and the wind speed measuring magnetic ring 10 cannot be too far to achieve electromagnetic induction.
[0029] The induction coil 15 transmits the output signal of the coil to the signal processing circuit of the single-chip microcomputer circuit board 27 through the wiring terminal 16, uses the signal operation amplifier module of the induction coil 15 to amplify the signal, uses the signal filtering module to filter out high-frequency burr signals, outputs the PWM signal through the signal shaping monostable multivibrator module, and the single-chip microcomputer uses the analog-digital (AD) sampling module to sample the signal. Since four pairs of magnetic poles are used for wind speed measurement, one rotation of the propeller will generate four periods of signals, so the number of rising or falling edges can be counted within a certain time to calculate the propeller speed: propeller frequency = number of rising or falling edges / 4*statistical time (minutes). Due to the offset, swing or inclination of the coil, additional errors will occur in the collected signals, and the rotation speed of the propeller needs to be converted into the corresponding wind speed value after program calibration and calibration.
[0030] The wind direction measurement hall sensor comprises a wind direction hall sensor central axis 19, a shielding ring one 101, a shielding ring two 104, a wind direction measurement magnetic ring 102, a hall element 103, a hall element circuit board 110 and a sensor shell 111; the wind direction measurement magnetic ring 102 is embedded between the shielding ring one 101 and the shielding ring two 104, and the shielding ring one 101 is fixed on the wind direction hall sensor central axis 19; the outer wall of the wind direction hall sensor central axis 19 is fixed with a ceramic bearing two 18, and the ceramic bearing two 18 is installed in the inner wall of the upper end cover of the sensor shell 111; the inner wall bottom of the sensor shell 111 is fixed with the hall element circuit board 110, and the upper surface of the hall element circuit board 110 is fixed with two hall elements 103, the two hall elements 103 are 180 degrees apart, the hall element 103 is installed directly below the plane of the wind direction measurement magnetic ring 102, the upper surface of the hall element 103 is parallel to the lower surface of the wind direction measurement magnetic ring 102, and the hall element circuit board 110 is used for processing the output of the two hall elements, inverting one of the hall element signals, differentiating the two hall element signals, and then superimposing the signals, so that the external magnetic field interference can be offset, the noise resistance performance can be improved, and more accurate wind direction measurement data can be provided.
[0031] The wind direction sensor drive shaft is installed in the support sleeve 29, the bottom of the support sleeve 29 is provided with a fixed cylinder 28, the fixed cylinder 28 is fixed with a single-chip microcomputer circuit board protection shell 26, and the single-chip microcomputer circuit board 27 is installed in the single-chip microcomputer circuit board protection shell 26 and electrically connected with the wind direction hall sensor circuit board 110 and the induction coil 15.
[0032] After the single-chip microcomputer frames and processes the wind speed and wind direction data, the single-chip microcomputer outputs the wind speed and wind direction data through a standard digital output interface.
[0033] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A wind speed and direction measuring device based on Hall effect and electromagnetic induction, characterized in that, The application relates to a wind direction measuring device, which comprises a shell (5), a propeller (3) arranged at the front end of the shell (5), a tail wing (13) arranged at the tail end of the shell (5), a propeller transmission shaft (6), a ceramic bearing (8), a wind speed measuring magnetic ring (10) and a wind direction transmission device (12) arranged in the shell (5), one end of the propeller transmission shaft (6) is connected with the propeller (3), the other end of the propeller transmission shaft (6) is connected with a central shaft (9) through a shaft coupling (7), the outer wall of the central shaft (9) is fixed with the ceramic bearing (8), the end of the central shaft (9) is provided with the wind speed measuring magnetic ring (10), the wind direction transmission device (12) is connected with a wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14), one end of the wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14) penetrates through an induction coil (15), the other end of the wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14) is connected with a wind direction Hall sensor through a wind direction sensor transmission shaft coupling (17).
2. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A limiting sheet (4) is arranged between the propeller (3) and the shell (5).
3. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A shielding ring three is arranged between the central shaft (9) and the wind speed measuring magnetic ring (10).
4. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The upper end of the wind direction transmission device (12) is provided with a groove, the lower end of the wind direction transmission device (12) is fixed with the wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14), the wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14) is connected with a wind direction Hall sensor central shaft (19) through a wind direction sensor transmission shaft coupling (17).
5. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The inside of the shell (5) is provided with a boss (11) corresponding to the groove at the upper end of the wind direction transmission device (12), the wind direction transmission device (12) and the boss (11) in the inside of the shell (5) are fixed through the connection of the groove at the upper end of the wind direction transmission device (12) and the boss (11) at the corresponding position in the inside of the shell (5).
6. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The wind direction measuring Hall sensor comprises a wind direction Hall sensor central shaft (19), a shielding ring one (101), a shielding ring two (104), a wind direction measuring magnetic ring (102), a Hall element (103), a wind direction Hall sensor circuit board (110) and a sensor shell (111), the wind direction measuring magnetic ring (102) is inlaid between the shielding ring one (101) and the shielding ring two (104), the shielding ring one (101) is fixed on the wind direction Hall sensor central shaft (19), the outer wall of the wind direction Hall sensor central shaft (19) is fixed with a ceramic bearing two (18), the ceramic bearing two (18) is installed in the upper end cover of the sensor shell (111), the inner wall bottom of the sensor shell (111) is fixed with the wind direction Hall sensor circuit board (110), two Hall elements (103) are fixed on the wind direction Hall sensor circuit board (110), the Hall elements (103) are installed directly below the wind direction measuring magnetic ring (102), and the upper surfaces of the Hall elements (103) are parallel to the lower surface of the wind direction measuring magnetic ring (102).
7. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The two Hall elements (103) are arranged at an angle of 180 degrees.
8. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14) is installed in a supporting sleeve (29).
9. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The wind direction sensor transmission shaft (14) is installed in the supporting sleeve (29), the bottom of the supporting sleeve (29) is provided with a fixing cylinder (28), the fixing cylinder (28) is fixed with a single-chip microcomputer circuit board protection shell (26), a single-chip microcomputer circuit board (27) is installed in the single-chip microcomputer circuit board protection shell (26), and the single-chip microcomputer circuit board (27) is electrically connected with the wind direction Hall sensor circuit board (110) and the induction coil (15).
10. The Hall Effect and electromagnetic induction based wind speed and wind direction measurement device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The propeller (3) has symmetrical blades, and four square recesses are formed in the middle of the propeller hub, corresponding to four bosses on the propeller fixing device, for fixing the propeller, and the propeller (3) is fixed at the front end of the shell (5) through the locking nut (1).