Reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure which comprises a plurality of slope protection frame bodies arranged on a slope body, a plurality of first grid grooves are formed in each slope protection frame body, filling bricks are arranged in the first grid grooves, hollowed-out grid frameworks and ecological concrete wrapping the grid frameworks are arranged in the filling bricks, and U-shaped lifting frames are arranged at the bottom ends of the grid frameworks. And lifting hooks which are erected upwards are arranged at the two ends of the U-shaped lifting frame, so that the problems of high difficulty and high cost in artificial planting and maintenance of slope protection plants are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of reservoir ecological management, and in particular to a reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure. Background Technology

[0002] The drawdown zone, also known as the drawdown area, is a phenomenon unique to reservoirs. It refers to the area of ​​the reservoir that is periodically submerged and exposed due to the seasonal rise and fall of the water level. The submersion period can last up to six months, typically occurring in winter. Because ordinary vegetation cannot withstand prolonged submersion or drought, slope vegetation easily dies, leading to large areas of the drawdown zone being exposed for extended periods. Under the long-term erosion action of wind and water flow, the soil is washed away, increasing the risk of geological disasters and siltation. If the drawdown zone is not ecologically restored and managed in a timely manner, it will lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems.

[0003] To address the issue of soil erosion on riverbanks and reservoir slopes in drawdown zones, corresponding ecological slope protection engineering measures have been proposed. For example, different types of plants, tolerant of flooding and drought, are planted at different heights on the reservoir slope to resist cyclical environmental changes. However, the large variety of plant species required makes construction more complex, and the need for replanting after plant death increases the difficulty and cost of artificial planting and maintenance. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure, which solves the problems of high difficulty and cost in artificially planting and maintaining slope protection plants.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure, including multiple slope protection frames set on the slope, each slope protection frame having multiple first grid grooves, each first grid groove having filling bricks, the filling bricks having a hollow grid skeleton and ecological concrete wrapping the grid skeleton, the bottom end of the grid skeleton having a U-shaped lifting frame, and the two ends of the U-shaped lifting frame having upward lifting hooks.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom of the grid frame is provided with a sinking groove, the U-shaped lifting frame is embedded in the sinking groove, the bottom edge of the grid frame is provided with multiple lifting feet, and both ends of the grid frame are also provided with side ears, and the side ears are provided with anti-rotation grooves aligned with the sinking groove.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, multiple parallel trenches are provided on the slope, and reserved plates are provided at both ends of the trenches.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the reserved plate is provided with a support frame, the support frame includes a fixing clamp assembly, the fixing clamp assembly is provided with a connecting rod, and a shade net is also provided. The outer edge of the shade net is provided with multiple connecting collars, and the connecting collars are sleeved on the connecting rod.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the connecting rod has multiple insertion holes along its length and a U-shaped limiting clip. The two ends of the opening side of the U-shaped limiting clip have deformable raised parts, and each raised part is inserted into the adjacent insertion hole.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the fixing clamp assembly includes a U-shaped bending member, a movable pressure plate is provided in the U-shaped bending member, a guide rod is provided at the upper end of the movable pressure plate, the guide rod is slidably sleeved on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member, and a threaded tightening screw is also provided on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member, the upper end of the tightening screw is connected to the connecting rod, and the lower end of the tightening screw abuts against the movable pressure plate, the movable pressure plate and the lower side wall of the U-shaped bending member clamp the reserved plate.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the first grid slot is rectangular or regular hexagonal.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: mixing plant seeds and slow-release fertilizer into ecological concrete and prefabricating them into brick structures allows for advance preparation without occupying the reservoir construction site, saving the construction period required on site; the filling bricks are easy to disassemble and assemble, and even if plants die, they can be replaced on site using prefabricated filling bricks, making maintenance simple and cost-effective; the reserved grooves and plates on the sides of the slope protection frame can be used to easily install support frames, and shading can be easily laid during the seedling stage to improve the survival rate of seedlings. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a projection view of the slope surface.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a hexagonal grid groove.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the grid frame and U-shaped lifting frame.

[0017] Figure 4 This is the bottom view of the mesh skeleton.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the filling brick casting process.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the filling bricks being cast.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the on-site filling of bricks.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of shading netting laid on a slope.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the shade net support frame arrangement.

[0023] Figure 10 This is an enlarged view of the support frame.

[0024] Figure 11 This is a sectional view of the support frame.

[0025] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the support frame.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Slope body; 2. Slope protection frame; 201. First grid groove; 3. Filling bricks; 301. Grid frame; 302. U-shaped lifting frame; 303. Lifting hook; 304. Side ear; 305. Anti-rotation groove; 306. Sinking groove; 307. Lifting foot; 4. Mold frame; 401. Second grid groove; 5. Trench; 501. Reserved plate; 6. Support frame; 601. Fixing clamp assembly; 602. Connecting rod; 603. Insertion hole; 604. U-shaped limit clip; 605. U-shaped bending part; 606. Movable pressure plate; 607. Guide rod; 608. Tightening screw; 609. Shade net; 701. Connecting collar. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] like Figure 1-12 In the present invention, an ecological slope protection structure for a reservoir bank includes multiple slope protection frames 2 installed on a slope 1. Each slope protection frame 2 has multiple first grid grooves 201. Each first grid groove 201 has filling bricks 3. The filling bricks 3 have hollow grid skeletons 301 and ecological concrete covering the grid skeletons 301. The bottom of the grid skeletons 301 is provided with a U-shaped lifting frame 302. The two ends of the U-shaped lifting frame 302 are provided with upward lifting hooks 303.

[0029] The slope protection frame 2 is a large grid structure, with a small grid structure inside.

[0030] Ecological concrete has a porous structure, which facilitates drainage and allows plants to sprout and roots to penetrate and take root.

[0031] Ecological concrete is easy to mix with slow-release fertilizer, which can sustainably provide the nutrients needed for plant growth.

[0032] A mold frame 4 is also provided, which includes multiple second grid grooves 401. The shape and size of the second grid grooves 401 are completely consistent with those of the first grid grooves 201. After assembling the U-shaped lifting frame 302 and the grid skeleton 301, they are placed into the second grid grooves 401. Ecological concrete mixed with plant seeds is poured in, and after solidification, it forms filling bricks 3. The filling bricks 3 are then laid in the first grid grooves 201.

[0033] When localized plant death occurs, filler brick 3 can be removed and replaced with a new filler brick 3. The lifting hook 303 allows for easy lifting of the filler brick 3 by hand.

[0034] In the preferred embodiment, the bottom end of the mesh frame 301 is provided with a sinking groove 306, the U-shaped lifting frame 302 is embedded in the sinking groove 306, the bottom edge of the mesh frame 301 is provided with multiple lifting feet 307, and the two ends of the mesh frame 301 are also provided with side ears 304, and the side ears 304 are provided with anti-rotation grooves 305 aligned with the sinking groove 306.

[0035] The 301 mesh skeleton can be made of engineering plastics.

[0036] The lifting foot 307 can raise the height of the grid frame 301, allowing concrete to flow into the hollow layer below the grid frame 301, completely enclosing the grid frame 301 and the lower end of the U-shaped lifting frame 302. The U-shaped lifting frame 302 is inserted into the sinking groove 306 to prevent it from protruding from the bottom surface of the grid frame 301 and to prevent the grid frame 301 from tilting when it is placed into the second grid groove 401.

[0037] The anti-rotation groove 305 can hold the U-shaped lifting frame 302 at the joint section of the lifting hook 303, preventing the U-shaped lifting frame 302 from swinging and ensuring that the lifting hook 303 is in an upward position during pouring.

[0038] In the preferred embodiment, the slope 1 is provided with multiple parallel trenches 5, and the two ends of the trenches 5 are provided with reserved plates 501.

[0039] Trench 5 can be used as a drainage ditch for pipes.

[0040] The reserved plate 501 is fixed at the end of the groove 5 to facilitate the installation and fixing of other components.

[0041] In the preferred embodiment, the reserved plate 501 is provided with a support frame 6, the support frame 6 includes a fixing clamp assembly 601, the fixing clamp assembly 601 is provided with a connecting rod 602, and a sunshade net 7 is also provided. The outer edge of the sunshade net 7 is provided with a plurality of connecting collars 701, and the connecting collars 701 are sleeved on the connecting rods 602.

[0042] In the early stages of seed germination, when the plant is in the seedling stage, some seedlings are afraid of strong sunlight. To improve the survival rate, if it is hot summer, shade nets can be covered on the slope area to block some of the sunlight and prevent the sunlight from being too strong and scorching the seedlings.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting rod 602 is provided with a plurality of insertion holes 603 along its length and a U-shaped limiting card 604. The two ends of the opening side of the U-shaped limiting card 604 are provided with deformable upturned portions 605, and each upturned portion 605 is inserted into the adjacent insertion hole 603.

[0044] After the connecting collar 701 is fitted onto the connecting rod 602, the U-shaped limiting card 604 is engaged, restricting the connecting collar 701 to the position between two adjacent insertion holes 603 to prevent the connecting collar 701 from coming off. The raised part 605 of the U-shaped limiting card 604 prevents the U-shaped limiting card 604 from coming off from the insertion hole 603.

[0045] The different heights of the insertion holes 603 allow 7 to maintain different height positions, adapting to the height of different plants.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the fixing clamp assembly 601 includes a U-shaped bending member 606, a movable pressure plate 607 is provided in the U-shaped bending member 606, a guide rod 608 is provided at the upper end of the movable pressure plate 607, the guide rod 608 is slidably sleeved on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member 606, and a threaded tightening screw 609 is also provided on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member 606, the upper end of the tightening screw 609 is connected to the connecting rod 602, and the lower end of the tightening screw 609 abuts against the movable pressure plate 607, the movable pressure plate 607 and the lower side wall of the U-shaped bending member 606 clamp the reserved plate 501.

[0047] In the preferred embodiment, the first grid groove 201 is rectangular or regular hexagonal.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] A method for slope protection of drawdown zones based on concrete grids and a combination of vegetation includes the following steps:

[0050] Clean the slope of the drawdown zone, remove debris from the slope surface, and level areas with significant unevenness.

[0051] Mark a grid of intersecting horizontal and vertical positioning lines on the slope of the drawdown zone.

[0052] The spacing between the longitudinal and transverse positioning lines is 120cm-180cm.

[0053] The width of the positioning line is 10cm-15cm.

[0054] Mark the pore points at the intersections of the grid lines.

[0055] Drill holes at the puncture site, with a diameter of 5-10cm and a depth of 50-100cm.

[0056] It is equipped with eco-friendly concrete, and conventional green concrete available on the market is selected.

[0057] Preferably, the thickness of the sprayed concrete is 2-5 cm.

[0058] Preferably, the depth of the concrete injection hole is 50-100cm.

[0059] As a preferred option, the slope difference is less than 5°, and the entire grid of concrete is sprayed.

[0060] As a preferred option, when the slope difference is greater than 5°, expansion joints need to be designed when spraying the grid concrete, the positioning line is used to spray the concrete, and the concrete is sprayed into the drilled hole.

[0061] As a preferred option, the positioning line and the concrete inside the hole are sprayed as a whole.

[0062] As a preferred method, the concrete grid is cured for 7 days to allow the concrete to bond and fix with the slope soil, resulting in a concrete mesh grid on the drawdown zone slope.

[0063] As a preferred method, different flooding zones are divided according to the different flooding times of slopes at different elevations on the drawdown zone. The flooding zones are divided into severely flooded zones (S, flooding time of 7 months or more), moderately flooded zones (M, flooding time of 5-6 months), and lightly flooded zones (L, flooding time of 4 months or less) based on the flooding time.

[0064] As a preferred option, different shrubs and herbaceous plants are appropriately matched according to different flooded areas and planted within the concrete grid.

[0065] As a preferred option, based on the different geological conditions of the slopes in different drawdown zones, the natural slopes of the drawdown zones are divided into rock slopes (S1), mixed slopes (S2), and soil slopes (S3) according to the characteristics of the rock and soil structure. The soil types of soil slopes and mixed slopes include purple soil, calcareous yellow soil, paddy soil, alluvial soil, and sediments (silt) left behind due to water level changes.

[0066] As a preferred option, the size of the grid should be designed based on the rock and soil conditions of the drawdown zone slope.

[0067] As a preferred option, this design is applicable to both mixed-material slopes (S2) and soil slopes (S3) in the drawdown zone.

[0068] Preferably, the S2 slope concrete grid is a regular quadrilateral grid with a side length of 150cm-180cm, and the S3 slope concrete grid is a regular quadrilateral grid with a side length of 120cm-150cm.

[0069] Preferably, the plants planted within the concrete grid of Zone S are: Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Cyperus rotundus Linn., Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers., Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Vicia sepium L., Medicago minima (L.) Bartal., Polygonum lapathifolium Linn., Acorus calamus Linn., Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribn., Vetiver (Linn.) Vach, and Setaria viridis (Linn.). Any combination of several herbaceous plants, such as Beauv., Eleusine indica (Linn.) Gaertn., and Conyza canadensis (Linn.) Cronq.

[0070] As a preferred option, the herb combination should primarily consist of dominant herbs from the local drawdown zone.

[0071] Preferably, the concrete grid in zone M is planted with a mixture of shrubs such as Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) PY Zhang et YJ Zhang, Cornus quinquenervis Franch., Distylium chinense (Franch. ex Hemsl.) Diels, and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., and herbaceous plants such as Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers., Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev, Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, and Hemarthria sibirica (Gand.) Ohwi.

[0072] Preferably, the concrete grid in zone L contains a mixture of shrubs and trees, including Salix variegata Franch., Myricaria laxiflora (Franch.) PY Zhang et YJ Zhang, Salix hylonoma CK Schneid. in Sargent, bamboo willow, and Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC., along with the aforementioned herbaceous plants.

[0073] Preferably, the mixed planting should primarily consist of dominant plant species from the local drawdown zone.

[0074] By constructing a concrete mesh structure on the slope of the drawdown zone, the erosion of the soil by water flow can be reduced.

[0075] The concrete mesh structure traps soil, fixing more soil within the grid and reducing soil erosion in the drawdown zone.

[0076] The concrete grid and its holes increase the anchorage between the overall grid and the slope soil, enhancing the grid's overall rigidity and improving slope stability. The vegetation planted within the grid reduces water erosion of the soil and also helps stabilize it.

[0077] It has comprehensive functions such as interception, weakening, and reinforcement. It can intercept soil and reduce soil erosion in the drawdown zone, and weaken the scouring effect of water flow on the soil in the drawdown zone. At the same time, the combination of concrete grids and plants can also reinforce the soil in the drawdown zone, which is beneficial to the reinforcement of the drawdown zone.

[0078] The construction method is simple and the construction period is short. Compared with large-area concrete slope protection, this invention greatly reduces the construction cost.

[0079] This invention preserves the soil conditions necessary for plant growth in the drawdown zone, is ecologically sound, and meets development requirements. It reinforces the soil in the drawdown zone, offering economic and technological advantages, effectively reducing soil erosion, and demonstrating promising application prospects. It can be primarily used for treating riverbank slopes and reservoir drawdown zones.

[0080] Example 3:

[0081] In this embodiment, the slope protection type of the drawdown zone is soil slope S3, the soil type is purple soil, the average slope of area S is 28.5°, the overall flat and slightly steep; the average slope of area M is 22°, the overall flat; the average slope of area L is 16°, the overall slope surface is uneven, the steepest part is 21° and the gentlest part is 15°.

[0082] The implementation time of this embodiment is in June, and the construction is carried out when the water level in the drawdown zone is 150m below the altitude.

[0083] The slope protection method of this embodiment, which combines concrete grids and vegetation to reinforce the drawdown zone, includes the following steps:

[0084] Clean the slope surface, reshape the slope, level mounds, fill in depressions, and make the slope surface smoother. Then remove debris such as loose rocks or slag from the slope surface from top to bottom.

[0085] Mark a grid of intersecting positioning lines on the leveled slope, with each positioning line spaced 150cm apart.

[0086] The positioning line is 12cm wide.

[0087] Mark the pore points at the intersections of the grid lines.

[0088] Drill a hole at the borehole location, with a depth of 100cm and a diameter of 10cm.

[0089] Ecological concrete is used, and conventional greening concrete is selected from the market. The greening concrete materials include planting soil, cement, organic materials and ecological amendments. The planting soil can be soil with a surface depth of less than 30mm in the drawdown zone, the soil particle size is ≤0.8cm, and the sand content of the planting soil is ≤20%.

[0090] Concrete is sprayed into the positioning lines and holes. Area S is sprayed in one go. Expansion joints are marked at the intersection of Area S and Area M. Area M is sprayed in one go. Expansion joints are marked at the intersection of Area M and Area L. Expansion joints are marked at the gentlest and steepest points of Area L. Spraying is carried out according to the expansion joints.

[0091] The thickness of the sprayed concrete is 2.5cm; the depth of the hole is 100cm.

[0092] After the sprinkler irrigation is completed, the concrete grid is cured for 7 days to allow the concrete to bond and fix with the slope soil, resulting in a concrete mesh grid on the drawdown zone slope.

[0093] In the S zone concrete grid, sow seeds of four types of grasses: Bermuda grass, Xanthium sibiricum, Vetiver grass, and Alfalfa. The grass seeds are mixed and sown in a ratio of 2 parts Bermuda grass to 1 part Xanthium sibiricum to 1 part Vetiver grass to 1 part Alfalfa. In the M zone concrete grid, transplant 5 Spruce spp. and 5 Willow spp. in each grid. The transplanted Spruce spp. are 1-2 year old cuttings, and the Willow spp. are 2-3 year old seedlings. After transplanting the shrubs, evenly sow the aforementioned mixed grass seeds in the empty spaces within the grid. In the L zone concrete grid, transplant Willow spp., Acer palmatum, and Reed. Plant Reed along the edge of each grid, and plant 2 Acer palmatum and 2 Willow spp. in each grid. The Willow spp. and Acer palmatum are 2-3 year old seedlings, and the Reed is 1 year old. After planting the shrubs and trees, evenly sow the aforementioned mixed grass seeds in the empty spaces within the grid. After planting, water the entire plant once for maintenance.

[0094] Example 4:

[0095] In this embodiment, the slope protection type of the drawdown zone is a mixed soil slope S2, the soil type is purple soil and alluvial soil, the average slope of area S is 26°, the average slope of area M is 28°, and the average slope of area L is 24°. The slope of the drawdown zone is generally flat and slightly steep.

[0096] The concrete grid construction method in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 3.

[0097] In this embodiment, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the positioning lines is 180cm.

[0098] The positioning line width is 13.5cm.

[0099] In this embodiment, the borehole depth is 80cm and the diameter is 8cm.

[0100] In this embodiment, the S, M, and L zones are sprayed together in one go, and expansion joints are marked at the intersection of the three zones.

[0101] The thickness of the sprayed concrete is 3.5cm; the depth of the hole is 80cm.

[0102] In this embodiment, four types of grass seeds—berberis, cocklebur, pea, and tall fescue—are sown in the concrete grids of zone S. The seeds are mixed in a ratio of 2 parts bermudagrass to 2 parts cocklebur to 1 part pea to 1 part tall fescue. In the concrete grids of zone M, *Salix viminalis* and *Salix cathayensis* are planted, with 5 *Salix viminalis* and 5 *Salix cathayensis* seedlings transplanted into each grid. The transplanted *Salix viminalis* are 1-2 year old cuttings, and the *Salix cathayensis* are 2-3 year old seedlings. After transplanting the shrubs, the mixed grass seeds are evenly sown into the empty spaces within the grids. In the concrete grids of zone L, *Salix cathayensis* and *Salix matsudana* are transplanted, with 3 *Salix cathayensis* and 3 *Salix matsudana* seedlings planted in each grid. The *Salix cathayensis* and *Salix matsudana* are 2-3 year old seedlings. After planting the shrubs and trees, the mixed grass seeds are evenly sown into the empty spaces within the grids. After planting, the entire area is watered once for maintenance.

[0103] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of this utility model and should not be considered as limitations on this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model should be the technical solution described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure, characterized by: It includes multiple slope protection frames (2) set on the slope (1), each slope protection frame (2) is provided with multiple first grid grooves (201), each first grid groove (201) is provided with filling bricks (3), the filling bricks (3) are provided with hollow grid skeletons (301) and ecological concrete covering the grid skeletons (301), the bottom end of the grid skeletons (301) is provided with U-shaped lifting frames (302), and the two ends of the U-shaped lifting frames (302) are provided with upward lifting hooks (303).

2. The reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a grid The bottom of the frame (301) is provided with a sinking groove (306), and the U-shaped lifting frame (302) is embedded in the sinking groove (306). The bottom edge of the grid frame (301) is provided with multiple lifting feet (307). The two ends of the grid frame (301) are also provided with side ears (304), and the side ears (304) are provided with anti-rotation grooves (305) aligned with the sinking groove (306).

3. The reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple parallel trenches (5) are provided on the slope (1), and reserved plates (501) are provided at both ends of the trenches (5).

4. The reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reserved plate (501) is provided with a support frame (6), the support frame (6) includes a fixing clamp assembly (601), the fixing clamp assembly (601) is provided with a connecting rod (602), and a sunshade net (7) is also provided. The outer edge of the sunshade net (7) is provided with multiple connecting collars (701), and the connecting collars (701) are sleeved on the connecting rods (602).

5. The reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting rod (602) has multiple insertion holes (603) along its length and also has a U-shaped limiting card (604). The two ends of the opening side of the U-shaped limiting card (604) have deformable raised parts (605), and each raised part (605) is inserted into the adjacent insertion hole (603).

6. The reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing clamp assembly (601) includes a U-shaped bending member (606), a movable pressure plate (607) is provided in the U-shaped bending member (606), a guide rod (608) is provided at the upper end of the movable pressure plate (607), the guide rod (608) is slidably sleeved on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member (606), and a threaded tightening screw (609) is also provided on the upper side wall of the U-shaped bending member (606). The upper end of the tightening screw (609) is connected to the connecting rod (602), and the lower end of the tightening screw (609) abuts against the movable pressure plate (607). The movable pressure plate (607) and the lower side wall of the U-shaped bending member (606) clamp the reserved plate (501).

7. The reservoir bank ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first grid slot (201) is rectangular or regular hexagonal.

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