Karst area tunnel collapse early warning equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel collapse early warning, and discloses karst area tunnel collapse early warning equipment which comprises a supporting frame, a winding mechanism and an early warning mechanism. The supporting frame is installed over a hole in a tunnel, a limiting block is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the supporting frame, an inner pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of the limiting block, the inner pipe is arranged in the middle of the hole, a top plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the supporting frame, and a winding mechanism is fixedly connected to the top plate and used for adapting to vertical displacement of an early warning mechanism in the inner pipe. Under the linkage cooperation of the early warning mechanism and the winding mechanism, the floating ball at the bottom end can always make contact with underground water, the height displacement change of the underground water is monitored through buoyancy, and under the action of the bottom end floating ball turbidity sensor, the underground water turbidity degree is monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel collapse early warning technology, and in particular to a tunnel collapse early warning device in karst areas. Background Technology

[0002] The core causes of karst area collapses are dynamic changes in groundwater and the development of karst caves. Groundwater erosion and vacuum erosion can lead to the loss of soil particles in the overburden, forming soil cavities that gradually expand until instability occurs (as in the case of the Sishan area in Chongqing). Ordinary tunnel collapses are more often caused by instability of the surrounding rock structure (such as fault fracture zones and densely jointed zones) or construction disturbances (such as blasting vibrations and insufficient support).

[0003] Karst areas commonly contain underground cavities such as caves and fissures. Tunnel construction can easily disrupt the water-soil-rock balance, leading to sudden water inrushes or drainage that cause a sharp drop in the groundwater level, accelerating soil seepage and damage. Collapses in other types of tunnels (such as soil or hard rock tunnels) are often related to loose strata, high stress, or inadequate support.

[0004] The monitoring focus varies depending on the karst region. Special attention should be paid to groundwater level dynamics (such as the range of the drop cone), soil permeability, and the state of the filling material in the karst caves.

[0005] To ensure the stability of groundwater level detection equipment under groundwater fluctuations and thus improve the accuracy of the detection, a tunnel collapse early warning device for karst areas is proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, this utility model provides an early warning device for tunnel collapse in karst areas.

[0007] This utility model is achieved by the following technical solution: a tunnel collapse early warning device in karst areas, including a support frame, a winding mechanism and an early warning mechanism.

[0008] The support frame is installed directly above the tunnel opening. A limit block is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the support frame, and an inner tube is fixedly connected to the middle of the limit block. The inner tube is located in the middle of the tunnel opening. A top plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the support frame, and a winding mechanism is fixedly connected to the top plate. The winding mechanism is used to accommodate the vertical displacement of the warning mechanism inside the inner tube.

[0009] The early warning mechanism includes a buoy, with a connecting sleeve fixedly connected to the top of the buoy. The top of the connecting sleeve is connected to a winding mechanism, and a sensor is installed at the bottom of the buoy where it contacts the water.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above solution, a positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting sleeve, and a side plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the two positioning sleeves. The two side plates are rotatably connected to each other, and a torsion spring is provided at the connection point of the two side plates for the two side plates to unfold outward.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above scheme, rollers are rotatably connected to the top of both side plates, and the two rollers are slidably connected to the inner wall of the inner tube.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the inner wall of the inner tube is symmetrically provided with side grooves, and the two side grooves are respectively slidably abutting against the rollers.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above solution, the winding mechanism includes a top plate, which is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame. Support plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the top plate. A rotating drum is rotatably connected to the middle of the two support plates. A connecting rope is wound around the rotating drum. A connecting ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rope. The connecting ring is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve plate.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above solution, a motor is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the rotating drum on the same axis.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above solution, a second sensor is installed at the connection between the roller and the side groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0017] This invention utilizes the coordinated operation of an early warning mechanism and a winding mechanism to ensure that the bottom float remains in constant contact with groundwater. By using buoyancy, it monitors changes in the height displacement of the groundwater and, with the help of a turbidity sensor on the bottom float, monitors the turbidity of the groundwater. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tunnel collapse early warning device in a karst area provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the early warning mechanism of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the detailed structure of the early warning mechanism of this utility model.

[0023] Explanation of key symbols:

[0024] 1. Support frame; 2. Inner tube; 3. Limiting block; 4. Top plate; 5. Support plate; 6. Rotary drum; 7. Motor; 8. Connecting rope; 9. Side groove; 10. Float; 11. Connecting sleeve plate; 12. Connecting ring; 13. Positioning sleeve plate; 14. Side plate; 15. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0026] Example:

[0027] Please combine Figures 1-5 This embodiment of a tunnel collapse early warning device in a karst area includes a support frame 1, a winding mechanism, and an early warning mechanism.

[0028] The support frame 1 is installed directly above the hole inside the tunnel. A limiting block 3 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the support frame 1. An inner tube 2 is fixedly connected to the middle of the limiting block 3. The inner tube 2 is located in the middle of the hole. A top plate 4 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the support frame 1. A winding mechanism is fixedly connected to the top plate 4. The winding mechanism is used to accommodate the vertical displacement of the warning mechanism inside the inner tube 2.

[0029] The early warning mechanism includes a float 10, with a connecting sleeve 11 fixedly connected to the top of the float 10. The top of the connecting sleeve 11 is connected to the winding mechanism. A sensor is installed at the bottom of the float 10 where it contacts the water. Specifically, the sensor is a turbidity sensor used to detect the degree of turbidity of the water.

[0030] A positioning sleeve 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting sleeve 11, and a side plate 14 is rotatably connected to the middle of the two positioning sleeves 13. The two side plates 14 are rotatably connected to each other, and a torsion spring is provided at the connection of the two side plates 14 for the two side plates 14 to unfold outward.

[0031] Both side plates 14 are rotatably connected to rollers 15 at their top ends, and the two rollers 15 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the inner tube 2.

[0032] The inner wall of the inner tube 2 is symmetrically provided with side grooves 9, and the two side grooves 9 are respectively slidably abutting against the rollers 15.

[0033] The winding mechanism includes a top plate 4, which is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame 1. Support plates 5 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the top plate 4. A rotating drum 6 is rotatably connected to the middle of the two support plates 5. A connecting rope 8 is wound around the rotating drum 6. A connecting ring 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rope 8. The connecting ring 12 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve plate 11.

[0034] A motor 7 is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate 5, and the output end of the motor 7 is fixedly connected to the rotating drum 6 on the same axis.

[0035] A second sensor is installed at the connection between the roller 15 and the side groove 9. Specifically, the second sensor is a displacement sensor.

[0036] The implementation principle of a karst tunnel collapse early warning device in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0037] At the karst tunnel, a vertical hole is excavated, and the outer area of ​​the hole is cleaned and leveled. Then, the support frame 1 is fixed directly above the hole. The equipment is assembled in sequence, and finally, the float 10, which is fixed to the connecting rope 8, slides down the inner side of the inner tube 2 until the float 10 contacts the water surface in the hole. With the connection of the sensor, the vertical height of the float 10 is measured. When the groundwater level changes drastically, the vertical height of the groundwater and the float 10 changes. Simultaneously, the top connecting rope 8 will automatically tighten when the motor 7 is started to prevent the connecting rope 8 from becoming too loose and to ensure the accuracy of the vertical displacement data of the float 10.

[0038] Rollers 15 are respectively abutted in the side groove 9, and the rollers 15 can ensure that the two side plates 14 can always abut against the inner wall of the inner tube 2 under the action of the torsion spring, so as to ensure that the float 10 remains stable when in contact with groundwater.

[0039] The bottom of the float 10 is equipped with a turbidity sensor, which can record the degree of turbidity change of groundwater. Once the turbidity of the groundwater changes abnormally, the signal will be sent to the terminal for timely warning.

[0040] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel collapse early warning device in karst areas, characterized in that, include: A support frame is installed directly above the tunnel opening. A limiting block is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the support frame. An inner tube is fixedly connected to the middle of the limiting block. The inner tube is located in the middle of the tunnel opening. A top plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the top of the support frame. A winding mechanism is fixedly connected to the top plate. The winding mechanism is used to accommodate the vertical displacement of the warning mechanism inside the inner tube. The early warning mechanism includes a buoy, a connecting sleeve plate is fixedly connected to the top of the buoy, the top of the connecting sleeve plate is connected to a winding mechanism, and a sensor is installed at the bottom of the buoy where it contacts the water.

2. The early warning device for tunnel collapse in karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting sleeve plate, and a side plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the two positioning sleeve plates. The two side plates are rotatably connected to each other, and a torsion spring is provided at the connection of the two side plates for the two side plates to unfold outward.

3. The early warning device for tunnel collapse in karst areas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Both of the side plates are rotatably connected to the top of each side plate, and the two rollers are slidably connected to the inner wall of the inner tube.

4. The early warning device for tunnel collapse in karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the inner tube is symmetrically provided with side grooves, and the two side grooves are respectively slidably abutted against the rollers.

5. The early warning device for tunnel collapse in karst areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The winding mechanism includes a top plate, which is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame. Support plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the top plate. A rotating drum is rotatably connected to the middle of the two support plates. A connecting rope is wound around the rotating drum. A connecting ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rope. The connecting ring is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve plate.

6. The early warning device for tunnel collapse in karst areas as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A motor is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the rotating drum on the same axis.

7. The karst tunnel collapse early warning device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A second sensor is installed at the connection between the roller and the side groove.

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