Fire resistance testing device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fire resistance testing device which at least comprises a container (2) with an upper opening, a heating device (3), a temperature measuring device (4) and a timing device (5), the container (2) is used for containing a liquid material (1), the heating device (3) is used for continuously heating the horizontal liquid level of the liquid material (1) with open fire, and the device is simple and convenient to test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a fire resistance testing device. Technical Background

[0002] In recent years, with the popularization of new energy pure electric vehicles and the increase in the number of electric vehicles on the road, accidents involving electric vehicle fires and spontaneous combustion have occurred frequently. For new energy vehicles to continue to develop, the issues of safety and reliability must be addressed. Current research on power battery thermal management includes utilizing the large heat capacity of coolants and their ability to remove excess heat from the battery system through circulation to achieve optimal operating temperature conditions for the battery pack. Fire resistance testing of coolants is a key aspect of this process. Currently, most fire resistance testing methods on the market are for solid materials, lacking methods for liquid materials. Traditional fire resistance testing methods require modifications to the instruments to test the fire resistance performance of coolants. For example, cone calorimeters require custom-made containers to test liquids, which is not only expensive but also time-consuming and complex. Furthermore, these methods cannot analyze the fire resistance performance of coolants under simulated thermal runaway conditions of new energy vehicle batteries. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to disclose a fire resistance testing device that can simulate the fire resistance performance of liquid materials under open flame in real-world scenarios. The device is low in cost and can easily and quickly evaluate the fire resistance performance of liquid materials such as coolants, providing data support for battery thermal runaway protection design.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A fire resistance testing device includes at least an open container (2) for containing liquid material (1), a heating device (3) for continuously heating the horizontal liquid surface of the liquid material (1) with an open flame, a temperature measuring device (4), and a timing device (5).

[0006] The test process is as follows: the horizontal liquid surface of the liquid material (1) in the device is continuously heated with an open flame, and the change of the liquid surface temperature T or the liquid temperature T of the adjacent liquid surface with time t is recorded until the liquid material (1) is ignited. The fire resistance performance of the liquid material (1) is characterized by the time (tx) required from the start of open flame heating (t0) to the ignition of the liquid material (1) (tm), and the difference (Tx) between the liquid surface temperature (Tm) or the liquid temperature of the adjacent liquid surface (Tm) when the liquid material (1) is ignited and the liquid surface temperature (T0) or the liquid temperature of the adjacent liquid surface (T0) when the open flame heating starts. Where tx = tm - t0, Tx = Tm - T0, and the larger the values ​​of tx and Tx, the better the fire resistance performance of the liquid material (1).

[0007] The liquid material (1) includes a homogeneous liquid material that can flow on its own to form a uniform liquid surface. Specifically, its flash point is >100℃ to ensure that there is no significant volatilization or premature self-ignition during open flame heating. At the same time, no chemical reaction or other changes occur during open flame heating that would alter the properties of the liquid material. This includes, but is not limited to, coolants for energy storage systems (such as battery systems for electric vehicles and energy storage battery systems), coolants for industrial electronic products (such as server rooms and transformers), and other liquid materials for which fire resistance performance needs to be evaluated.

[0008] The liquid material (1) described in this utility model is ignited when a flame appears on the surface of the liquid material (1), which can be determined by observation or by using video or photography to improve accuracy.

[0009] The amount of liquid material (1) is adjusted according to the capacity of the open container and the test requirements. The basic requirement is that the flame at which the liquid material begins to burn (become ignited) can be observed. This makes it easier to observe and determine the time point at which the liquid material begins to burn (become ignited). Too much liquid material results in a long heating time, which wastes material and energy. Too little liquid material results in a short heating time, which can lead to large test errors. In specific embodiments, an appropriate amount of liquid material can be selected according to the situation and kept consistent in multiple sample tests to compare their fire resistance performance.

[0010] Preferably, the upper-opening container (2) is cylindrical or cuboid. The upper opening allows for a wider liquid surface, facilitating heating operations. The specific dimensions of the upper-opening container (2), including its depth, are not particularly limited, allowing the open flame heating and combustion process to be conducted in an open space, reducing testing errors caused by air flow, etc.

[0011] The material of the upper-opening container (2) is a common material, such as iron or copper, or has a heat insulation layer. There are no special restrictions. It is preferred to use a material with low heat transfer rate to reduce heat loss and the resulting data fluctuations.

[0012] Preferably, the upper-opening container (2) has a viewing window to facilitate observation and determination of the time when the liquid material begins to burn (become ignited), or to record the time when the liquid material begins to burn (become ignited) by means of photography.

[0013] Preferably, the upper open container (2) has a scale for measuring the depth of the liquid material (1) and a component for weighing the sum of the mass of the liquid material (1) and the upper open container (2) to ensure that the mass of the liquid material sample is consistent during multiple tests, and to adjust the position and angle of the flame-spraying component (3-1) in the heating device (3) to ensure that the position and angle are consistent during multiple tests.

[0014] Preferably, the upper-opening container (2) has a valved outlet located at the bottom or on the side wall near the bottom to facilitate the discharge of unburned liquid material (1) and the cleaning of the upper-opening container (2).

[0015] The heating device (3) adopts existing technology, including spray guns, gas lamps, etc., so that the flame is in continuous contact with the horizontal liquid surface of the liquid material (1) and remains stable, simulating the actual heating and combustion process of liquid materials (1) such as coolant in open flame.

[0016] The timing device (5) starts timing when the flame-spraying component (3-1) (such as a spray gun) of the heating device (3) begins to spray flames for heating, and ends timing when the liquid material (1) is ignited, and then turns off the heating device (3).

[0017] The heating device (3) for continuously heating the horizontal surface of the liquid material (1) with an open flame can be existing, and at least includes a flame-spraying component (3-1) (such as a spray gun), a connecting component (3-2) (such as a hose), and a fuel storage component (3-3) (such as a high-pressure gas tank). It is a device capable of spraying a long-distance controllable flame, and the fuel used includes high-pressure propane or natural gas. The flame sprayed by the flame-spraying component (3-1) should have good stability, including flame temperature and length, in order to improve the accuracy of the fire resistance test results of the liquid material (1).

[0018] The angle at which the flame ejected by the flame-spraying component (3-1) of the heating device (3) is preferably 60° with the liquid surface of the liquid material (1). The position of the center of the nozzle of the flame-spraying component (3-1) relative to the liquid surface of the liquid material (1) is such that the tip of the flame is in complete contact with the liquid surface of the liquid material (1) to simulate the fire resistance performance of the liquid material (1) under actual open flame burning conditions. In actual operation, when testing different samples, for liquid material samples of the same mass, the relative height and position of the center of the nozzle of the flame-spraying component (3-1) of the heating device (3) relative to the liquid surface of the liquid material (1) should be consistent to ensure consistent open flame heating of the liquid material (1) and improve the accuracy and repeatability of the test.

[0019] Preferably, the position where the flame ejected by the flame-spraying component (3-1) of the heating device (3) that continuously heats the horizontal liquid surface of the liquid material (1) completely contacts the liquid material (1) is the center of the liquid surface of the liquid material (1), or the contact surface centered on the center of the liquid surface of the liquid material (1). The size of the contact surface is such that the flame does not overflow significantly. At the same time, the contact surface should remain consistent during multiple tests to improve the repeatability and comparability of the data.

[0020] The temperature measuring device (4) can be an existing one used to measure the surface temperature of liquid materials or the temperature of liquids near the surface of liquids, including thermistor temperature detectors, thermocouple temperature sensors, infrared temperature detectors, etc. For infrared temperature detectors, the temperature detection point is preferably the liquid surface position outside the contact surface between the flame ejected by the heating device and the liquid material. For contact temperature detectors such as thermistor temperature detectors and thermocouple temperature sensors, the temperature detection point is the position below the liquid surface as close to the liquid surface as possible. In specific embodiments, the liquid position near the center of the liquid surface can be selected as the temperature detection point according to the stability of the temperature test results. The temperature detection point should be fixed in order to improve the accuracy and repeatability of test results for multiple samples.

[0021] Preferably, the temperature measuring device (4) has a data recording and output device connected thereto, so as to accurately record and output the temperature and corresponding time of the liquid material (1) during the test.

[0022] Preferably, the timing device (5) can be connected to the temperature measuring device (4) or it can be independent. The timing starts when the heating device (3) starts to spray flames for heating and ends when the liquid material (1) is ignited.

[0023] Preferably, the fire resistance testing device of this invention further includes a frame or combustion chamber for fixing the upper open container (2), the flame-spraying component (3-1) in the heating device (3), and the temperature measuring device (4). Preferably, the frame or combustion chamber is semi-enclosed, and the process of the flame-spraying component (3-1) in the heating device (3) releasing flames to burn the liquid surface of the liquid material (1) should be in an open space to ensure the same combustion conditions and control the combustion conditions.

[0024] In the frame or combustion chamber, the fixing methods of the upper open container (2), the flame-spraying component (3-1) in the heating device (3), and the temperature measuring device (4) are existing. For example, the upper open container (2) is fixed to the bottom of the frame or combustion chamber by a detachable fixing method such as threaded connection. The flame-spraying component (3-1) in the heating device (3) is fixed to the vertical fixed rod by a sliding component and can be moved up and down on the fixed rod by manual or pneumatic means to adjust the position of the flame-spraying component (3-1) and keep the position of the flame-spraying component (3-1) relative to the liquid surface of the liquid material (1) unchanged. The temperature measuring device (4) is fixed to the top of the frame or combustion chamber by a buckle or other means to keep the temperature measuring point unchanged and improve the accuracy and repeatability of the test.

[0025] Preferably, the device further includes a thermostatic bath for temperature regulation of the liquid material (1) in the upper-opening container (2) to regulate and maintain the temperature of the liquid material (1) before the test begins, thereby improving the comparability of multiple test data.

[0026] Preferably, the fire resistance testing device of this invention is installed in a non-enclosed space with no air flow, maintaining the air temperature at 25°C.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0028] The device of this invention can quickly and easily test the fire resistance of liquid materials, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of the materials. It has good adaptability and promising application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the fire resistance testing device of this utility model is as follows: 1-liquid material, 2-open container, 3-portable flame gun, 3-1 flame-spraying component, 3-2 connector, 3-3 fuel storage component, 4-infrared thermometer, 5-timer.

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of temperature measuring points and flame contact points in a fire resistance testing device: 3-1 Flame-spraying component, 3-2 Connecting component, 3-3 Fuel storage component, 1-Liquid material, 2-Open container, 4-Infrared thermometer, 7-Flame contact point, 8-Temperature measuring point Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following specific embodiments further illustrate this utility model.

[0032] Example

[0033] The fire resistance testing device of this utility model is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the device includes an open-top container 2 (a cylindrical container with iron walls and bottom, an outer diameter of 16cm, a height of 16cm, and a wall thickness of 0.5cm) for holding liquid material 1, wherein the mass of liquid material 1 is 1kg; a portable flame gun 3 (manufacturer: Jinshilu, model 231 metal type, maximum flame temperature: 1300℃, flame length 10-20cm, with 3 settings, including a flame-spraying component 3-1, a connecting component 3-2, and a fuel storage component 3-3) for continuously heating the horizontal surface of liquid material 1 with an open flame; an infrared thermometer 4; and a timer 5. A schematic diagram of the temperature measuring points and flame contact points in the device is shown below. Figure 2As shown, the flame emitted by the flame-spraying component 3-1 of the portable flame gun 3 forms a 60° angle with the horizontal surface of the liquid material 1. The vertical distance between the center of the nozzle of the flame-spraying component 3-1 and the horizontal surface of the liquid material 1 is 10cm. The contact position 7 between the flame emitted by the flame-spraying component 3-1 and the horizontal surface of the liquid material 1 is as shown. Figure 2 As shown, the distance between the measuring point 8 of the infrared thermometer 4 and the center of the liquid surface is 5cm, and the position of the measuring point 8 is as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0034] The fire resistance test process is as follows: Liquid material 1 is poured into the top-opening container 2 and allowed to stand to form a stable liquid surface. Then, the 3rd position switch of the portable flame gun 3 is turned on and ignited, so that the flame-spraying component 3-1 sprays flames to continuously heat the horizontal liquid surface of liquid material 1 with open flame. At the same time, the timer t0 is started and the initial liquid surface temperature T is recorded. When the liquid material 1 is observed to be ignited, the portable flame gun 3 is turned off to stop the open flame heating. The ignition time tm and the temperature Tm at ignition are recorded. tx = tm - t0 and Tx = Tm - T0 are calculated. The fire resistance performance of the liquid material is characterized by the values ​​of tx and Tx.

[0035] In the same 25°C, windless space, the aforementioned apparatus and process were used to conduct fire resistance tests on lithium-ion battery coolant #1 (model AP-5, Shenzhen Anpin Organosilicon Materials Co., Ltd., liquid level 5.96cm) and lithium-ion battery coolant #2 (model 8005, Fuchs, liquid level 6.9cm). Each sample was tested in parallel 6 times, and the data are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Test data of lithium-ion battery coolant #1

[0037] 1 2 3 4 5 6 mean T0 / ℃ 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 Tm / ℃ 300 306 303 305 304 306 304 tx / s 374 378 371 372 379 366 373

[0038] Table 2 Test data of lithium-ion battery coolant #2

[0039] 1 2 3 4 5 6 mean T0 / ℃ 11 11 11 10 11 10 11 Tm / ℃ 211 215 209 210 213 214 212 tx / s 237 231 234 229 232 233 233

[0040] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the testing device of this invention can quickly determine the fire resistance of liquid materials. Under the same test conditions, the higher the ignition temperature and the longer the ignition time, the better the fire resistance. The test data has good repeatability.

[0041] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire resistance testing apparatus, comprising at least an open-top container (2) for containing liquid material (1), a heating device (3) for continuously heating the horizontal liquid surface of the liquid material (1) with an open flame, a temperature measuring device (4), and a timing device (5).

2. The fire resistance testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid material (1) is a homogeneous liquid material that can flow on its own to form a uniform liquid surface. Its flash point is >100℃, and no chemical reaction or other changes occur during open flame heating, which would cause the properties of the liquid material to change.

3. The fire resistance testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top-opening container (2) is cylindrical or rectangular.

4. The fire resistance testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper-opening container (2) has a window for observing or recording the time point at which the liquid material (1) is ignited by means of video or photograph.

5. The fire resistance testing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper-opening container (2) has a scale for measuring the depth of the liquid material (1).

6. The fire resistance testing device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The device includes a component for weighing the sum of the mass of the liquid material (1) and the open container (2).

7. The fire resistance testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The heating device (3) for continuously heating the horizontal surface of the liquid material (1) with an open flame includes at least a flame-spraying component (3-1), a connecting component (3-2), and a fuel storage component (3-3). The position of the center of the nozzle of the flame-spraying component (3-1) relative to the horizontal surface of the liquid material (1) is such that the tip of the flame is in complete contact with the surface of the liquid material (1).

8. The fire resistance testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The temperature measuring device (4) is a thermistor temperature detector, a thermocouple temperature sensor, or an infrared temperature detector.

9. The fire resistance testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The device also includes a frame or combustion chamber for fixing the upper open container (2) and the flame-spraying component (3-1) in the heating device to keep the position of the nozzle center of the flame-spraying component (3-1) relative to the liquid surface of the liquid material (1) unchanged.

Images