Explosion-proof battery storage cabinet

Abstract

The battery storage cabinet comprises a cabinet body, heat insulation partition plates, side plates, a water tank and a control assembly, the cabinet body is provided with a plurality of layers of heat insulation partition plates in the height direction to form a multi-layer structure, and each layer is sealed through the side plates to form an independent mounting bin used for storing an energy storage battery pack; as a supporting and heat insulation structure of the structure, the heat insulation partition plate comprises an aluminum silicate plate, a structural steel plate, a heat insulation rubber layer and a panel from top to bottom, and the aluminum silicate plate and the structural steel plate are matched at intervals through connecting pieces. The battery storage cabinet adopts a heat insulation and explosion-proof structure, so that each group of energy storage batteries can be independently separated in the cabinet, heat and pressure transmission during fire or explosion can be effectively blocked, chain reaction can be fundamentally avoided, loss caused by accidents of a single energy storage cabinet can be remarkably reduced, and the overall safety of an energy storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage, and in particular to an explosion-proof battery storage cabinet. Background Technology

[0002] Existing energy storage technologies are widely used in new energy power generation, smart grids, and large-scale energy storage power stations. Battery storage cabinets, as core equipment, integrate energy storage battery packs to achieve energy storage and release. However, with the increasing demand for energy storage and the gradually increasing storage capacity within a single battery storage cabinet, the safety of energy storage systems has become a key concern for the industry. Most existing battery storage cabinets adopt a centralized layout, with energy storage battery packs tightly packed in a limited space. In the event of an anomaly, such as a battery short circuit or thermal runaway, a chain reaction of battery fires or even explosions can easily occur. In such cases, the high temperature of the burning battery pack will rapidly spread to surrounding battery packs, causing damage or complete failure of the batteries within the entire storage cabinet, resulting in incalculable economic losses for energy storage companies.

[0003] To mitigate the aforementioned problems, existing technologies primarily employ a distributed, spaced-out storage cabinet approach. This involves maintaining physical distance between individual storage cabinets during the energy storage system design to mitigate the extent of damage in the event of a fire or explosion in a single cabinet. While this approach reduces risk to some extent, significant shortcomings remain. First, distributed, spaced-out cabinets require substantial space, failing to meet the deployment needs of energy storage systems in site-constrained environments. Second, even with a well-designed spacing between cabinets, the batteries within a single cabinet remain at high risk. In the event of a fire, all the batteries within the cabinet will be destroyed, making effective control of localized damage impossible. Furthermore, traditional storage cabinets lack effective insulation and explosion-proof structures, making it difficult to contain heat spread after a fire, further exacerbating the risk.

[0004] The root cause of these shortcomings lies in the limitations of existing energy storage cabinet design concepts, which fail to fully consider the independence and isolation protection measures of the battery packs within a single cabinet. Furthermore, existing technological solutions rely more on external spatial partitioning than on internal functional optimization, making it difficult to balance the dual requirements of compact layout and safety protection. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome at least one deficiency of the existing technology and provide an explosion-proof battery storage cabinet. The battery storage cabinet adopts a heat-insulating and explosion-proof structure, which allows each group of energy storage batteries to be independently placed in the cabinet. It can effectively block the spread of heat and pressure during fire or explosion, fundamentally avoid the occurrence of chain reactions, significantly reduce the loss in the event of an accident in a single energy storage cabinet, and improve the overall safety of the energy storage system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application discloses an explosion-proof battery storage cabinet, which includes a cabinet body, heat insulation partitions, side panels, a water tank, and control components. The cabinet body is provided with several layers of heat insulation partitions in the height direction to form a multi-layer structure, and each layer is sealed by the side panels to form an independent installation compartment for storing energy storage battery packs.

[0007] As a supporting and heat-insulating structure, the heat-insulating partition consists of, from top to bottom, an aluminum silicate board, a structural steel plate, a heat-insulating rubber layer, and a panel. The aluminum silicate board and the structural steel plate are connected by connectors to form a lower heat-insulating interlayer. The structural steel plate has several flow channels, and a heat-insulating rubber layer is attached to the structural steel plate. The panel is connected to the heat-insulating rubber layer by connectors to form an upper heat-insulating interlayer. The flow channels include an inlet and an outlet. The water tank is installed at the top of the cabinet and is connected to the inlet of the flow channel in each heat-insulating partition through a pipe. The water tank has an inlet connected to the municipal water supply network, and the outlet of the flow channel is connected to the outlet through a pipe. At least one temperature sensor is installed on the structural steel plate, which is connected to a control component installed on the cabinet and sends temperature information to the control component.

[0008] In some embodiments, a flame deflector is provided on the outer surface of the cabinet between the two installation compartments.

[0009] In some embodiments, the installation compartment is equipped with a wind-cooled heat dissipation component for cooling the battery module, and correspondingly, the side plate is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet opposite to the wind-cooled heat dissipation component.

[0010] In some embodiments, a water-cooled plate is mounted on the upper surface of the insulation partition of the installation compartment. The water-cooled plate has a heat exchange channel, which is connected to an external circulating liquid cooling device via a pipe.

[0011] In some embodiments, the height between the upper and lower insulation layers is 5-15 mm.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. By installing multiple layers of heat-insulating partitions and independent installation compartments inside the cabinet, and adopting heat insulation and explosion-proof design, the spread of heat and pressure in the event of a fire or explosion is effectively prevented, avoiding chain reactions and fundamentally improving the safety of the energy storage cabinet.

[0014] 2. The design adopts an internally independent isolation system, replacing the physical separation method of traditional distributed storage cabinets, which greatly reduces the space occupied by the energy storage system, meets the needs of deployment in limited sites, and at the same time retains the high-capacity energy storage characteristics of the system.

[0015] 3. By combining temperature sensors with control components, real-time monitoring and regulation of the internal temperature of the storage tank can be achieved. When the temperature is abnormal, the water cooling system can be started quickly, further enhancing the safety and reliability of the energy storage tank.

[0016] 4. The multi-layer thermal insulation structure, combined with air cooling and water cooling, significantly improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the energy storage cabinet. At the same time, the thermal insulation layer effectively reduces the heat diffusion to the surroundings, providing a more stable operating environment for the energy storage battery pack.

[0017] The beneficial effects listed above are not exhaustive of all advantages. Other potential beneficial effects and detailed technical implementation methods will be further disclosed in the embodiments or other descriptive sections of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] A better understanding of various aspects of this disclosure will be achieved by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The positions, dimensions, and extents of the structures shown in the drawings, etc., do not always represent actual positions, dimensions, and extents. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment disclosed in this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat insulation partition in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be presented in many different ways and is not limited to the embodiments described below; in fact, the embodiments described below are intended to make the disclosure more complete and to fully illustrate the scope of protection of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein can be combined in various ways to provide further additional embodiments.

[0022] It should be understood that the same reference numerals denote the same elements in all the accompanying drawings. For clarity, the dimensions of certain features may be modified in the drawings.

[0023] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. All terms used in this specification (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. For the sake of brevity and / or clarity, techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail; however, where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of this specification.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this specification include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “containing” used in this specification indicate the presence of the claimed feature but do not exclude the presence of one or more other features. The term “and / or” used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items. Example

[0025] See attached document Figure 1 and 2 This embodiment relates to an explosion-proof battery storage cabinet, whose structure and function are designed to provide independent isolation protection for energy storage battery packs. Through multi-layered heat insulation, explosion protection and heat dissipation measures, the safety and operational stability of the energy storage system are significantly improved.

[0026] Specifically, the overall structure of the storage cabinet includes cabinet body 1, heat insulation partition 2, side panel 3, water tank 4, control components 5, installation compartment 6, aluminum silicate board 7, structural steel plate 8, heat insulation rubber layer 9, panel 10, water cooling plate 11, flow channel 12, flame baffle 13, upper heat insulation interlayer 14, and lower heat insulation interlayer 15. All components work together to form a complete heat insulation and heat dissipation system.

[0027] Cabinet 1 is made of high-strength structural steel, and its surface has been treated with high temperature resistance and anti-corrosion, so it can withstand long-term use in harsh environments.

[0028] The interior of the cabinet is divided into several independent installation compartments 6 by heat-insulating partitions 2, each of which is specifically designed to house the energy storage battery pack. The side panels 3 are made of high-density alloy material and undergo rigorous sealing processing to completely and independently enclose each installation compartment 6, effectively preventing the lateral spread of heat and pressure in the event of a fire or explosion.

[0029] The thermal insulation partition 2 is composed of multiple layers of materials, from top to bottom: aluminum silicate board 7, structural steel plate 8, thermal insulation rubber layer 9, and panel 10.

[0030] Aluminum silicate board 7 provides basic insulation with its excellent low thermal conductivity and lightweight characteristics, while reducing the overall weight of the cabinet.

[0031] The structural steel plate 8 serves as a crucial layer for load-bearing and heat insulation, and its interior is embedded with flow channels 12 for the circulation of cooling water. It is important to note that the cooling water in the flow channels 12 is not used to directly cool the structural steel plate 8 to prevent high-temperature burn-through, but rather to absorb the high-temperature heat released by the battery module, rapidly reducing the temperature inside the mounting compartment 6, thereby blocking heat diffusion and preventing a chain reaction.

[0032] The heat-insulating rubber layer 9 further blocks heat conduction and absorbs some thermal stress. The panel 10, as the surface structure, provides reliable support for the installation and stability of the battery pack.

[0033] In this embodiment, the upper insulation layer 14 and the lower insulation layer 15 are formed by different layers of materials from the insulation partition 2 and the connecting structure between them. These interlayer structures are one of the core components of the storage tank's thermal insulation performance. Through the combination of materials and precise spacing design, a highly efficient thermal barrier effect is achieved.

[0034] The upper thermal insulation layer 14 is formed by precisely spaced and fitted together between the thermal insulation rubber layer 9 and the panel 10 using connectors. The main function of this layer is to further block heat conduction to the upper layers. Simultaneously, due to the elasticity of the thermal insulation rubber layer 9, it can also absorb some of the stress generated by the thermal expansion of the battery module, preventing structural damage caused by uneven thermal stress between materials. As the outer structure, the panel 10 not only provides mechanical support but also possesses high heat resistance. Protected by the thermal insulation layer, it reduces the possibility of contact with high temperatures, thereby effectively extending its service life.

[0035] The lower insulating interlayer 15 is formed by a precise, spaced fit between the aluminum silicate board 7 and the structural steel plate 8 using connectors. The design of this interlayer focuses on primary insulation. Due to the extremely low thermal conductivity of the aluminum silicate board 7, heat transfer to the structural steel plate 8 is significantly reduced when located near a heat source. Simultaneously, the structural steel plate 8, as a load-bearing layer, has cooling channels 12 that help remove the small amount of heat conducted by the aluminum silicate board 7 at high temperatures, further reducing the temperature within the interlayer. This combined design preserves the mechanical strength of the structural steel plate 8 while ensuring its operation in lower temperature environments, avoiding thermal effects caused by high temperatures.

[0036] More specifically, the heat-insulating rubber layer 9, panel 10, aluminum silicate board 7, and structural steel plate 8 are fixed together by high-precision connectors. These connectors are made of high-temperature resistant alloy material, and their length is strictly controlled within the range of 5-15mm to ensure consistent height between the upper and lower layers and optimize heat insulation performance. The gap between the aluminum silicate board 7 and the structural steel plate 8 primarily provides primary heat insulation, preventing heat from diffusing outwards from the battery module. The gap between the structural steel plate 8 and the heat-insulating rubber layer 9 combines structural support and thermal barrier properties, preventing further heat transfer to the panel 10. Furthermore, this spaced design ensures ventilation between the heat insulation materials, thereby preventing performance degradation due to long-term heat accumulation.

[0037] Through the synergistic effect of the upper insulation layer 14 and the lower insulation layer 15, the entire insulation partition 2 forms multiple barriers between the heat source and other structures of the cabinet. Specifically, the upper insulation layer 14 prevents heat from spreading outward from the installation compartment 6 while protecting the top components of the battery module; the lower insulation layer 15 provides primary insulation in the area closest to the heat source and, with the assistance of the flow channels 12 of the structural steel plate 8, further reduces the rate at which heat is transferred to the outside of the cabinet.

[0038] Water tank 4, made of corrosion-resistant material, is installed on top of cabinet 1. Its inlet is connected to the municipal water supply network to ensure a continuous supply of cooling water in flow channel 12. Water tank 4 and the outlet of flow channel 12 are connected to an external cooling system through pipes to form a circulating water circuit. When the temperature sensor detects an abnormal temperature rise in a certain area, the control component 5 automatically controls water tank 4 to inject water into flow channel 12 to quickly absorb and remove heat, preventing the temperature from rising further.

[0039] To enhance heat dissipation, each mounting compartment 6 is equipped with a water-cooled plate 11 and an air-cooled heat dissipation system. The water-cooled plate 11 is made of high thermal conductivity copper or aluminum and has an internal serpentine heat exchange channel. It is connected to an external circulating liquid cooling device, and the heat generated by the battery module is quickly dissipated through the circulation of coolant. The air-cooling system consists of a high-efficiency fan and an air guide channel. The fan is made of high-temperature resistant composite material and can dynamically adjust its speed according to the temperature data received by the control component 5. It works in conjunction with the water-cooling system to rapidly reduce the internal temperature in the event of an accident.

[0040] The flame deflector 13 is installed on the outer surface of the cabinet 1, between each installation compartment 6. It is made of high-temperature resistant metal with a special fire-retardant coating, possessing high strength and excellent fire resistance. The main function of the flame deflector 13 is to prevent flames from spreading through the side panels 3 to the vertical direction of the cabinet 1, thereby effectively curbing the spread of the fire. Experiments show that under extreme high-temperature conditions, the flame deflector 13 maintains its integrity, significantly reducing the impact of the flames on adjacent installation compartments 6.

[0041] In practical applications, this storage tank is deployed in new energy power plants to store high-energy-density battery packs. Traditional storage tanks typically rely on a distributed layout to reduce accident risks, but they occupy a large area and are difficult to meet the needs of high-density deployment. The storage tank in this embodiment achieves efficient risk isolation and heat dissipation performance within a limited space through internal heat insulation partitions and precise flame control design. When the temperature inside a certain installation compartment 6 rises to a set threshold, the control component 5 receives data from the temperature sensor and automatically starts the cooling water flow in the flow channel 12. At the same time, the air-cooling system accelerates air circulation, while the flame deflector 13 prevents the flame from spreading up and down along the side plate 3, controlling the fire impact within a local area.

[0042] In summary, this embodiment provides a safe, stable, and efficient operating environment for the energy storage battery pack through precise thermal insulation design, flow channel cooling, the synergistic effect of air cooling and water cooling systems, and the flame control function of the flame deflector 13. It effectively meets the needs of modern high-density energy storage systems and demonstrates its superior technical performance.

[0043] While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Therefore, all changes and modifications are included within the scope of protection of this disclosure as defined by the claims. This disclosure is defined by the appended claims, and equivalents of those claims are also included.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof battery storage cabinet, characterized in that: The battery storage cabinet includes a cabinet body, heat insulation partitions, side panels, a water tank, and control components. The cabinet body has several layers of heat insulation partitions in the height direction to form a multi-layer structure, and each layer is sealed by the side panels to form an independent installation compartment for storing energy storage battery packs. As a supporting and heat-insulating structure, the heat-insulating partition consists of, from top to bottom, an aluminum silicate board, a structural steel plate, a heat-insulating rubber layer, and a panel. The aluminum silicate board and the structural steel plate are connected by connectors to form a lower heat-insulating interlayer. The structural steel plate has several flow channels, and a heat-insulating rubber layer is attached to the structural steel plate. The panel is connected to the heat-insulating rubber layer by connectors to form an upper heat-insulating interlayer. The flow channels include an inlet and an outlet. The water tank is installed at the top of the cabinet and is connected to the inlet of the flow channel in each heat-insulating partition through a pipe. The water tank has an inlet connected to the municipal water supply network, and the outlet of the flow channel is connected to the outlet through a pipe. At least one temperature sensor is installed on the structural steel plate, which is connected to a control component installed on the cabinet and sends temperature information to the control component.

2. The explosion-proof battery storage cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the cabinet is equipped with a flame baffle between the two installation compartments.

3. The explosion-proof battery storage cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The installation compartment is equipped with a wind-cooled heat dissipation component for cooling the battery module. Correspondingly, the side plate has air inlet and air outlet holes opposite to the wind-cooled heat dissipation component.

4. The explosion-proof battery storage cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A water-cooled plate is installed on the upper surface of the insulation partition of the installation compartment. The water-cooled plate has a heat exchange channel, which is connected to an external circulating liquid cooling device through a pipe.

5. The explosion-proof battery storage cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The height between the upper and lower insulation layers is 5-15mm.

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