Battery management system, energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery management system, an energy storage device and an energy storage system, which can reduce the communication duration between a battery sampling unit and a control unit and further effectively improve the performance of the energy storage system. The battery management system comprises at least one group of battery sampling units used for sampling first state information of a battery device in an energy storage system; one end of the control unit is connected with the energy management system, the other end of the control unit is connected with the at least one group of battery sampling units so as to receive the first state information sent by the at least one group of battery sampling units and / or send first control information to the at least one group of battery sampling units, and the first control information is used for controlling the at least one group of battery sampling units; and the control unit is also used for sending second state information of the battery device to the energy management system, and / or receiving second control information sent by the energy management system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery management system, energy storage device, and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion and application of new energy sources, energy storage technology has also developed. Electrochemical energy storage, represented by lithium-ion batteries, is the most widely used energy storage technology besides pumped hydro storage. In electrochemical energy storage, the energy storage system may experience failures during operation. Currently, the response time of energy storage systems to failures is relatively long, which seriously affects the performance of the energy storage system. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a battery management system, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system, which can reduce the communication time between the battery sampling unit and the control unit, thereby effectively improving the performance of the energy storage system.

[0004] In a first aspect, a battery management system is provided, comprising: at least one set of battery sampling units for sampling first state information of a battery device in an energy storage system; and a control unit, one end of which is connected to the at least one set of battery sampling units to receive the first state information sent by the at least one set of battery sampling units, and / or to send first control information to the at least one set of battery sampling units, the first control information being used to control the at least one set of battery sampling units; wherein the control unit is further configured to send second state information of the battery device to the energy management system, and / or to receive the second control information sent by the energy management system.

[0005] In this embodiment, the control unit can communicate with the energy management system and the battery sampling unit. Specifically, the battery management system employs a two-tier architecture: the first tier includes the battery sampling unit, and the second tier includes the control unit. Thus, in cases of battery device malfunction or the need to report first status information of the battery device, and / or when the control unit needs to send first control information to the battery sampling unit, the battery sampling unit and the control unit can communicate directly, reducing transmission time during communication. For example, when a battery device malfunctions, the battery sampling unit can directly report to the control unit, allowing the control unit to respond more quickly, reducing the possibility of safety accidents due to slow response and effectively improving the performance of the energy storage system.

[0006] Furthermore, since the control unit uniformly controls at least one group of battery sampling units, when the battery sampling units need to sample the first state information of the battery device, the control unit can simultaneously send the first control information to each group of battery sampling units, so that each group of battery sampling units can synchronously sample the corresponding battery device, thereby achieving the purpose of synchronous sampling of the first state information of all battery devices.

[0007] In some possible implementations, each of the at least one group of battery sampling units includes a target battery sampling unit, and the control unit is connected to the target battery sampling unit; wherein, when the control unit sends the first control information to each group of battery sampling units, the first control information is transmitted starting from the target battery sampling unit and sequentially through other battery sampling units in each group of battery sampling units except the target battery sampling unit; and / or, when the control unit receives first status information sent by a first battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units, the first status information is transmitted starting from the first battery sampling unit and sequentially through some battery sampling units in each group of battery sampling units until it reaches the target battery sampling unit, and is transmitted to the control unit through the target battery sampling unit, wherein the some battery sampling units include battery sampling units located between the first battery sampling unit and the target battery sampling unit.

[0008] The control unit communicates with each battery sampling unit via daisy-chain communication. Since daisy-chain communication is a point-to-point method with high security, connecting the control unit and each battery sampling unit via a daisy chain effectively reduces the possibility of external physical eavesdropping and tampering. Furthermore, daisy-chain communication eliminates the need for encryption of transmitted information, reducing processing complexity and improving transmission efficiency. Additionally, daisy-chain communication has low latency, typically in the microsecond range, effectively reducing the transmission delay of first control or status information and improving the synchronization of voltage or current sampling between different battery devices.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the target battery sampling unit includes the first battery sampling unit and / or the last battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units.

[0010] This technical solution sets two target sampling units, which are the first and last battery sampling units in each group of battery sampling units. This reduces the possibility that information cannot be transmitted between the control unit and the group of battery sampling units due to the disconnection of links between some battery sampling units. In addition, the target battery sampling unit includes the first battery sampling unit in each group, which can reduce the length and cost of the connection between the control unit and the target battery sampling unit.

[0011] In some possible implementations, where the target battery sampling unit includes a first battery sampling unit and a last battery sampling unit, the first battery sampling unit and the last battery sampling unit are connected to different interfaces of the control unit. This facilitates control and reduces control complexity.

[0012] In some possible implementations, each of the at least one set of battery sampling units does not include a controller.

[0013] In this technical solution, the battery sampling unit does not include a controller. This allows the control unit to centrally control the battery device. Since control units typically have high data processing efficiency, centralized control of the battery device by the control unit improves the overall data processing efficiency of the energy storage system. Furthermore, excluding the controller from the battery sampling unit has two advantages: firstly, when upgrading the battery management system software, the battery sampling unit does not need to be upgraded, increasing the upgrade speed; secondly, reducing the number of managed software programs simplifies software version management.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the battery management system further includes: an execution sampling unit disposed between the at least one set of battery sampling units and the control unit, and connected to the at least one set of battery sampling units and the control unit respectively via a daisy chain, wherein the first control information is transmitted to the at least one set of battery sampling units through the execution sampling unit, and / or the first status information is transmitted to the control unit through the execution sampling unit; the execution sampling unit is used to receive third control information sent by the control unit, the third control information being used to control the execution sampling unit to perform at least one of the following operations: high voltage sampling, insulation sampling, current sampling, and controlling the on and off of the switching device.

[0015] This technical solution incorporates an execution sampling unit within the battery management system (BMS) for high-voltage sampling, insulation sampling, and battery sampling, thereby expanding the BMS's application scenarios and enhancing its applicability. Furthermore, the execution sampling unit is daisy-chained to at least one group of battery sampling units and control units, enabling communication between the execution sampling unit and these units. Since daisy-chain communication is point-to-point, it offers high security, effectively reducing the possibility of external physical eavesdropping and tampering. Moreover, the daisy-chain communication eliminates the need for encryption of transmitted information, reducing processing complexity and improving transmission efficiency. Additionally, daisy-chain communication has low latency, typically in the microsecond range, effectively reducing communication latency between the execution sampling unit and the control and battery sampling units.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the execution sampling unit does not include a controller.

[0017] This technical solution allows the control unit to centrally control the battery devices. Since control units typically have high data processing efficiency, centralized control of the battery devices by the control unit improves the overall data processing efficiency of the energy storage system. Furthermore, the execution sampling unit does not include a controller. On one hand, when upgrading the battery management system software, there is no need to upgrade the execution sampling unit, increasing the upgrade speed; on the other hand, reducing the number of managed software programs simplifies software version management.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the number of the execution sampling units is the same as the number of groups of the at least one set of battery sampling units, and each execution sampling unit is connected to a corresponding group of battery sampling units.

[0019] This technical solution sets the number of execution sampling units to be the same as the number of battery sampling units, and each execution sampling unit is connected to the corresponding battery sampling unit. This reduces the control complexity of the control unit for the execution sampling units and reduces the error rate of the execution sampling units sampling the corresponding battery devices.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the energy storage system includes an energy storage device, and the sampling unit is located in the main control box of the energy storage device.

[0021] This technical solution, because the main control line is equipped with current sensors, various on / off devices, etc., can reduce the distance between the execution sampling unit and its execution object by setting the execution sampling unit in the main control box of the energy storage device. This can reduce the wiring length between them, reduce the space occupied by the battery management system, and also reduce wiring costs and complexity.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the first state information includes the voltage and / or temperature of the battery device, the battery device including a target battery device, and the control unit is specifically configured to: determine whether the voltage of the target battery device is within a preset voltage range, and / or determine whether the temperature of the target battery device is within a preset temperature range; and disconnect the circuit containing the target battery device if the voltage of the target battery device is not within the preset voltage range and / or the temperature of the target battery device is not within the preset temperature range.

[0023] This technical solution, when the voltage of the target battery device is not within the preset range and / or the temperature is not within the preset range, disconnects the circuit where the target battery device is located by the control unit, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway caused by the voltage of the target battery device not being within the preset range and / or the temperature not being within the preset range, thereby improving the performance of the entire energy storage system.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the control unit includes an Ethernet interface through which the control unit sends the second status information to the energy management system and / or receives the second control information.

[0025] Since Ethernet typically offers higher speeds, it can improve the communication rate between the control unit and the EMS. Furthermore, when neither the battery sampling unit nor the execution sampling unit includes a controller, upgrades to the battery management system can be performed quickly by simply updating the program in the control unit via Ethernet.

[0026] In a second aspect, an energy storage device is provided, comprising at least one battery device and a battery management system as described in the first aspect or its various implementations, the battery management system being used to manage or control the at least one battery device.

[0027] Thirdly, an energy storage system is provided, comprising a plurality of energy storage devices as described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0029] Figure 2A schematic diagram of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another battery management system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of yet another battery management system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another battery management system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another battery management system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a specific battery management system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic block diagram of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order or hierarchy.

[0039] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of this application. It should also be noted in the description of this application that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more (including two), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two).

[0042] With the promotion and application of new energy sources, energy storage technology has developed accordingly. An energy storage system is a device or system capable of storing energy and releasing it when needed. In the field of new energy, energy storage systems typically refer to devices that can store electrical energy and release it during peak electricity demand periods. Energy storage systems play multiple roles in the power system, including load balancing, frequency regulation, backup power, peak-valley pricing management, and improving grid stability. With the rapid development of renewable energy, the importance of energy storage systems is increasing daily.

[0043] Currently, electrochemical energy storage, represented by lithium-ion batteries, is the most widely used energy storage technology besides pumped hydro storage. An electrochemical energy storage system consists of battery devices, a battery management system (BMS), an energy management system (EMS), a power conversion system (PCS), and auxiliary equipment.

[0044] In an energy storage system, the battery device can be a battery or battery pack, serving as the energy storage medium responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy. The Battery Management System (BMS) monitors and manages the battery device's status, including charging state, voltage, temperature, and current, ensuring it operates within safe operating ranges and preventing overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and short circuits, thereby extending its lifespan. The Energy Management System (EMS) is the control center, responsible for monitoring the entire system's operation and optimizing energy storage and release strategies to meet grid demands or user-defined goals. The Power Control System (PCS) primarily controls the conversion and flow of electrical energy within the system, converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) to meet grid or load requirements. Simultaneously, the PCS can also convert AC to DC to charge the battery devices within the energy storage system.

[0045] Currently, energy storage system BMS typically adopts a three-tier architecture. For example, the first tier is the Battery Management Unit (BMU), the second is the Control Management Unit (CMU), and the third is the System Management Unit (SMU). This three-tier architecture can lead to long communication times between different management units. For instance, battery devices may malfunction during operation. After a battery malfunction, the BMU needs to report the fault information to the CMU, which in turn reports it to the SMU, and so on, increasing fault response time and potentially impacting the performance of the energy storage system.

[0046] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a battery management system for an energy storage system. The battery management system includes at least one set of battery sampling units and a control unit. The at least one set of battery sampling units samples first state information of battery devices in the energy storage system. One end of the control unit is connected to the at least one set of battery sampling units to receive the first state information of the battery devices sent by the at least one set of battery sampling units, and / or to send first control information to the at least one set of battery sampling units for controlling the at least one set of battery sampling units. The control unit is also used to send second state information of the battery devices to the energy management system, and / or to receive second control information sent by the energy management system. In this embodiment, the control unit can communicate with both the energy management system and the battery sampling units; that is, the battery management system adopts a two-level architecture. The first-level architecture includes the battery sampling units, and the second-level architecture includes the control unit connected to the energy management system. Thus, in cases where the battery devices malfunction or need to report the first state information of the battery devices, and / or when the control unit needs to send first control information to the battery sampling units, the battery sampling units and the control unit can communicate directly, reducing the communication time between the battery sampling units and the control unit. For example, when a battery device malfunctions, the battery sampling unit can report directly to the control unit, which can then respond in a shorter time, reducing the possibility of safety accidents caused by slow response and effectively improving the performance of the energy storage system.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the battery management system 100 includes at least one set of battery sampling units 110 and a control unit 120. The at least one set of battery sampling units 110 is used to sample first state information of the battery devices in the energy storage system. One end of the control unit 120 is connected to the at least one set of battery sampling units 110 to receive the first state information of the battery devices sent by the at least one set of battery sampling units 110, and / or to send first control information to the at least one set of battery sampling units 110, the first control information being used to control the at least one set of battery sampling units 110.

[0048] The control unit can also be used to send the second status information of the energy storage system to the EMS, and / or receive the second control information sent by the EMS.

[0049] In this embodiment, the control unit 120 can communicate with the EMS and the battery sampling unit 110. That is, the battery management system 100 can adopt a two-level architecture: the first level includes the battery sampling unit 110, and the second level includes the control unit 120. Thus, in cases of battery device failure or the need to report first status information of the battery device, and / or when the control unit 120 needs to send first control information to the battery sampling unit 110, the battery sampling unit 110 and the control unit 120 can communicate directly, reducing the transmission time during communication between them. For example, when a battery device fails, the battery sampling unit 110 can directly report to the control unit 120, allowing the control unit 120 to respond in a shorter time, reducing the possibility of safety accidents due to slow response and effectively improving the performance of the energy storage system.

[0050] Furthermore, since the control unit 120 uniformly controls at least one group of battery sampling units 110, when the battery sampling units 110 need to sample the first state information of the battery device, the control unit 120 can simultaneously send the first control information to each group of battery sampling units 110, so that each group of battery sampling units 110 can synchronously sample the corresponding battery device, thereby achieving the purpose of synchronous sampling of the first state information of all battery devices.

[0051] An energy storage system includes at least one energy storage device, which can be of various types and sizes. For example, the energy storage device can be such as... Figure 2 The energy storage container shown may also be an energy storage cabinet. Considering the transportation of the energy storage container, it can be a standard 40-foot, 20-foot, or 10-foot container, or it can be a specific container with customized dimensions. The battery devices housed in the energy storage container include, but are not limited to, lithium batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium manganese oxide batteries, or lithium cobalt oxide batteries, etc.

[0052] The battery sampling unit 110 can be, for example, a cell supervision circuit (CSC). A battery device can be connected to a CSC, and the CSC can collect information such as the voltage and temperature of the individual cells in the connected battery device. In this case, the initial state information may include, but is not limited to, the voltage and temperature of the battery device. Furthermore, the CSC can also be used for equalization management, fault diagnosis, etc.

[0053] It should be understood that, in addition to CSC, the battery sampling unit 110 may be other devices, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0054] Figure 1It includes m sets of battery sampling units, where battery sampling unit 1_1, battery sampling unit 1_2... battery sampling unit 1_n is a set of battery sampling units, battery sampling unit 2_1, battery sampling unit 2_2... battery sampling unit 2_n is a set of battery sampling units, and battery sampling unit m_1, battery sampling unit m_2... battery sampling unit m_n is a set of battery sampling units.

[0055] One group of battery sampling units 110 corresponds to one battery cluster, meaning the number of groups of battery sampling units 110 is the same as the number of battery clusters. A battery cluster may include at least one battery, and different battery clusters are connected in parallel. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, the energy storage device 210 includes four rows of battery devices 211. Each row of battery devices 211 is divided into two parallel battery clusters 212. Each battery cluster 212 includes four battery devices 211. Each battery device 211 may include, for example, 104 battery cells connected in series.

[0056] Multiple battery clusters can correspond to one control unit 120. The control unit 120 can be the general control unit in the battery management system 100. For example, the control unit 120 can be the master battery management unit (MBMU).

[0057] For example, during voltage or current sampling, the MBMU can simultaneously send first control information to each group of battery sampling units 110. This first control information controls the battery sampling units 110 to sample the voltage or current of the corresponding battery device. After all battery sampling units 110 have synchronously completed sampling, each battery sampling unit 110 can send first status information, including voltage or current, to the MBMU. Upon receiving this first status information, the MBMU can perform certain operations based on it. For example, it can accumulate the current values ​​of different battery clusters to calculate the total current of all battery clusters, or calculate the total power of all battery clusters, or determine the circulating current in the branch circuit, etc.

[0058] In some embodiments, the control unit 120 may include a functional safety controller to ensure the functional safety of the battery management system 100. Functional safety can be understood as preventing thermal runaway of the battery device due to risks such as over-temperature, under-temperature, over-voltage, under-voltage, and overcurrent.

[0059] For example, the functional safety controller can be, but is not limited to, an NXP chip, a TC series chip, etc. For instance, the functional safety controller can be a TC3xx chip, a TC4xx chip, or a TC387 chip, etc.

[0060] As an example, when the first state information includes the voltage and / or temperature of the battery device, and the battery device includes a target battery device, the control unit 120 may specifically be used to: determine whether the voltage of the target battery device is within a preset voltage range, and / or determine whether the temperature of the target battery device is within a preset temperature range, and disconnect the circuit containing the target battery device when the voltage of the target battery device is not within the preset voltage range and / or the temperature of the target battery device is not within the preset temperature range.

[0061] This technical solution allows the control unit 120 to disconnect the circuit containing the target battery device when the voltage of the target battery device is not within the preset range and / or the temperature is not within the preset range. This reduces the possibility of thermal runaway caused by the target battery device's voltage not being within the preset range and / or temperature not being within the preset range, thereby improving the performance of the entire energy storage system.

[0062] The voltage preset range is the voltage range of the battery device under normal operating conditions; similarly, the temperature preset range is the temperature range of the battery device under normal operating conditions.

[0063] The voltage of the target battery device not being within the preset voltage range can be defined as the voltage of the target battery device being lower than the preset voltage range, i.e., the target battery device is in an undervoltage state; or, the voltage of the target battery device being higher than the preset voltage range, i.e., the target battery device is in an overvoltage state. The temperature of the target battery device not being within the preset temperature range can be defined as the temperature of the target battery device being lower than the preset temperature range, i.e., the target battery device is in an undertemperature state; or, the temperature of the target battery device being higher than the preset temperature range, i.e., the target battery device is in an overtemperature state.

[0064] The control unit 120 can send first control information instructing each group of battery sampling units 110 to sample the voltage and / or temperature of the battery device at any time. For example, the control unit 120 can send the first control information during the charging or discharging process of the battery device, or it can send the first control information when the energy storage system is in a low-temperature or high-temperature environment. Then, based on the voltage and / or temperature sampled by the battery sampling units 110, the control unit 120 can determine whether the voltage of the target battery device is within a preset voltage range, and / or whether the temperature of the target battery device is within a preset temperature range.

[0065] The circuit containing the target battery device can be, for example, a high-voltage circuit or a charging / discharging circuit.

[0066] To further reduce the possibility of thermal runaway in the battery device, if the voltage of the target battery device is not within the preset range and / or the temperature of the target battery device is not within the preset temperature range, the control unit 120 may disconnect not only the circuit where the target battery device is located, but also the circuits where the battery devices located near the target battery device are located, or all the circuits where the battery devices are located.

[0067] Furthermore, the battery sampling unit 110 can also use a sampling chip with functional safety, thereby further improving the functional safety of the battery management system 100.

[0068] In some embodiments, each of the at least one group of battery sampling units 110 includes a target battery sampling unit, and the control unit 120 is connected to the target battery sampling unit. When the control unit 120 sends first control information to each group of battery sampling units 110, the first control information can be transmitted starting from the target battery sampling unit and sequentially through the other battery sampling units 110 in each group of battery sampling units 110 except for the target battery sampling unit.

[0069] When the control unit 120 receives the first status information sent by the first battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units 110, the first status information is transmitted from the first battery sampling unit and sequentially through a portion of the battery sampling units 110 in each group of battery sampling units 110 until it reaches the target battery sampling unit, and is transmitted to the control unit 120 through the target battery sampling unit. The portion of the battery sampling unit 110 includes the battery sampling unit 110 located between the first battery sampling unit and the target battery sampling unit.

[0070] In other words, the control unit 120 is connected to each of the at least one group of battery sampling units 110 in a daisy chain manner, and communicates with each group of battery sampling units 110 in a daisy chain manner.

[0071] In this technical solution, when the control unit 120 sends first control information to each group of battery sampling units 110, the first control information is transmitted starting from the target battery sampling unit connected to the control unit 120 and sequentially through each battery sampling unit 110 in that group. Alternatively, when the control unit 120 receives first status information, the first status information is transmitted starting from the battery sampling unit 110 that sent the first status information and sequentially through the battery sampling units located between the battery sampling unit 110 and the target battery sampling unit until it reaches the target battery sampling unit, and is then transmitted to the control unit 120 through the target battery sampling unit. That is, the control unit 120 communicates with each group of battery sampling units 110 via daisy-chain communication. Since daisy-chain communication is point-to-point communication and has high security, setting the connection between the control unit 120 and each group of battery sampling units 110 via a daisy-chain connection, allowing them to communicate via daisy-chain communication, can effectively reduce the possibility of external physical eavesdropping and tampering. Furthermore, the control unit 120 communicates with each battery sampling unit 110 via daisy-chain communication, which eliminates the need to encrypt the transmitted information when the control unit 120 communicates with each battery sampling unit 110, thereby reducing the complexity of information processing and improving the efficiency of information transmission.

[0072] In addition, daisy-chain communication has a low transmission latency, typically in the microsecond range. Therefore, using daisy-chain communication can effectively reduce the transmission latency of the first control information and / or the first status information, and improve the synchronization of voltage or current sampling between different battery devices.

[0073] The target battery sampling unit may include a battery sampling unit 110.

[0074] As an example, the target battery sampling unit may include the first battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units 110. This reduces the length and cost of the wiring between the control unit 120 and the target battery sampling unit.

[0075] Continue to refer to Figure 1 Taking the first group of battery sampling units as an example, the first group of battery sampling units includes n battery sampling units. Battery sampling unit 1_1 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_2, battery sampling unit 1_2 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_3, and so on, battery sampling unit (1_n-2) is connected to battery sampling unit 1_n-1, and battery sampling unit 1_n-1 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_n. Here, battery sampling unit 1_1 represents the first battery sampling unit among the n battery sampling units, and battery sampling unit 1_n represents the nth battery sampling unit.

[0076] The control unit 120 is connected to the battery sampling unit 1_1. If the control unit 120 sends the first control information to the battery sampling unit, it can directly send the first control information to the battery sampling unit 1_1. After receiving the first control information, the battery sampling unit 1_1 forwards it to the battery sampling unit 1_2. After receiving the first control information, the battery sampling unit 1_2 forwards it to the battery sampling unit 1_3, and so on. After receiving the first control information, the battery sampling unit 1_n-1 forwards it to the battery sampling unit 1_n.

[0077] If the control unit 120 sends the first control information to the battery sampling unit 1_3, the control unit 120 can also send the first control information to the battery sampling unit 1_1. After receiving the first control information, the battery sampling unit 1_1 determines whether the first control information is related to itself. If it determines that the first control information is not related to itself, it forwards the first control information to the battery sampling unit 1_2. After receiving the first control information, the battery sampling unit 1_2 determines whether the first control information is related to itself. If it determines that the first control information is not related to itself, it forwards the first control information to the battery sampling unit 1_3. After receiving the first control information, the battery sampling unit 1_3 determines whether the first control information is related to itself. If it determines that the first control information is related to itself, it performs the corresponding operation based on the first control information and does not forward the first control information.

[0078] If battery sampling unit 1_5 sends the first status information to control unit 120, then battery sampling unit 1_5 sends the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_4, battery sampling unit 1_4 forwards the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_3, battery sampling unit 1_3 forwards the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_2, battery sampling unit 1_2 forwards the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_1, and finally battery sampling unit 1_1 forwards the first status information to control unit 120.

[0079] As another example, the target battery sampling unit may include the last battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units 110.

[0080] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, continuing with the first group of battery sampling units as an example, the first group of battery sampling units includes n battery sampling units. Battery sampling unit 1_1 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_2, battery sampling unit 1_2 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_3, ..., battery sampling unit (1_n-2) is connected to battery sampling unit 1_n-1, and battery sampling unit 1_n-1 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_n. Control unit 120 is connected to the last battery sampling unit 1_n.

[0081] If the control unit 120 sends the first control information to all battery sampling units in the group, it can directly send the first control information to battery sampling unit 1_n. After receiving the first control information, battery sampling unit 1_n forwards it to battery sampling unit 1_n-1. After receiving the first control information, battery sampling unit 1_n-1 forwards it to battery sampling unit 1_n-2, and so on. After receiving the first control information, battery sampling unit 1_2 forwards it to battery sampling unit 1_1.

[0082] If battery sampling unit 1_n-3 sends the first status information to control unit 120, then battery sampling unit 1_n-3 sends the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_n-2, battery sampling unit 1_n-2 forwards the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_n-1, battery sampling unit 1_n-1 forwards the first status information to battery sampling unit 1_n, and finally battery sampling unit 1_n forwards the first status information to control unit 120.

[0083] Considering that the battery sampling units 110 in each group of battery sampling units 110 are connected in series, if the link between two battery sampling units 110 is broken, there may be a problem that information cannot be transmitted between the control unit 120 and the group of battery sampling units 110. Therefore, the target sampling unit may include multiple battery sampling units 110.

[0084] For example, the target sampling unit may include two battery sampling units 110, such as Figure 5 As shown, the target sampling unit may include the first battery sampling unit and the last battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units 110.

[0085] This technical solution sets two target sampling units, namely the first and last battery sampling units in each group of battery sampling units 110, which reduces the possibility that information cannot be transmitted between the control unit 120 and the group of battery sampling units due to the disconnection of the link between some battery sampling units.

[0086] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, continuing with the explanation using the first group of battery sampling units as an example, the first group of battery sampling units includes n battery sampling units. Battery sampling unit 1_1 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_2, battery sampling unit 1_2 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_3, ..., battery sampling unit (1_n-2) is connected to battery sampling unit 1_n-1, and battery sampling unit 1_n-1 is connected to battery sampling unit 1_n. Control unit 120 is connected to the first battery sampling unit 1_1 and the last battery sampling unit 1_n.

[0087] Assuming the link between battery sampling unit 1_1 and battery sampling unit 1_2 is disconnected, if control unit 120 sends first control information to this group of battery sampling units, control unit 120 can send the first control information to battery sampling unit 1_1 and battery sampling unit 1_n. Since the link between battery sampling unit 1_1 and battery sampling unit 1_2 is disconnected, battery sampling unit 1_n, upon receiving the first control information, does not forward it to battery sampling unit 1_2. Battery sampling unit 1_n, after receiving the first control information, forwards it to battery sampling unit 1_n-1, and so on, until battery sampling unit 1_3 receives the first control information and forwards it to battery sampling unit 1_2. In this way, each battery sampling unit can receive the first control information sent by control unit 120.

[0088] When the target battery sampling unit includes multiple battery sampling units 110, for example, when the target battery sampling unit includes a first battery sampling unit and a last battery sampling unit, the first battery sampling unit and the last battery sampling unit can be connected to the same interface of the control unit 120.

[0089] Or, refer to again Figure 5 The first and last battery sampling units can be connected to different interfaces of the control unit 120. This facilitates control and reduces control complexity.

[0090] These multiple interfaces are daisy-chain ports, for example, they could be serial peripheral interfaces (SPI), such as... Figure 5 The isolated serial peripheral interface (IsoSPI) is shown.

[0091] It should be noted that the control unit 120 is connected to at least one set of battery sampling units 110, which means that the control unit 120 is directly connected to at least one set of battery sampling units 110, so that the control unit 120 can directly receive the first status information sent by the battery sampling units 110, and / or can directly send the first control information to the battery sampling units 110.

[0092] In this embodiment, the management and control functions of the battery management system 100 can all be performed by the control unit 120. Therefore, in some embodiments, each battery sampling unit 110 in at least one group of battery sampling units 110 may not include a controller.

[0093] In this technical solution, the battery sampling unit 110 does not include a controller. Therefore, the control unit 120 can uniformly control the battery device. Since the control unit 120 typically has high data processing efficiency, its unified control of the battery device improves the overall data processing efficiency of the energy storage system. Furthermore, the absence of a controller in the battery sampling unit 110 has several advantages. First, when upgrading the battery management system 100's software, the battery sampling unit 110 does not need to be upgraded, increasing the upgrade speed. Second, reducing the number of managed software programs simplifies software version management.

[0094] Alternatively, the controller can be a microcontroller unit (MCU), meaning the battery sampling unit 110 adopts an MCU-less design.

[0095] Alternatively, the battery sampling unit 110 may include a controller, but the controller is not operational.

[0096] In the battery management system 100, in addition to sampling the first state information of the battery device, high-voltage sampling, insulation sampling, and other operations are also required. To achieve these operations, further steps are needed, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the battery management system 100 may further include an execution sampling unit 130, which may be disposed between at least one set of battery sampling units 110 and control unit 120, and connected to at least one set of battery sampling units 110 and control unit 120 respectively via a daisy chain. In this case, first control information is transmitted to at least one set of battery sampling units 110 through the execution sampling unit 130, and / or, first status information is transmitted to control unit 120 through the execution sampling unit 130.

[0097] The execution sampling unit 130 is used to receive third control information sent by the control unit 120. The third control information is used to control the execution sampling unit 130 to perform at least one of the following operations: high voltage sampling, insulation sampling, current sampling, and control of the on and off of the switching device.

[0098] This technical solution further includes an execution sampling unit 130 in the battery management system 100 for high-voltage sampling, insulation sampling, and battery sampling, which expands the application scenarios of the battery management system 100 and improves its applicability. Furthermore, the execution sampling unit 130 is configured to connect to at least one group of battery sampling units 110 and control units 120 via a daisy-chain connection, allowing the execution sampling unit 130 to communicate with the control units 120 and battery sampling units 110 using daisy-chain communication. Since daisy-chain communication is point-to-point communication, it offers high security and effectively reduces the possibility of external physical eavesdropping and tampering. Moreover, the daisy-chain communication between the execution sampling unit 130 and the control units 120 and battery sampling units 110 eliminates the need for encryption of transmitted information, reducing information processing complexity and improving information transmission efficiency.

[0099] In addition, daisy-chain communication has a low transmission latency, typically in the microsecond range. Therefore, using daisy-chain communication can effectively reduce the transmission latency when the sampling unit 130 communicates with the control unit 120 and the battery sampling unit 110.

[0100] On / off devices may include, for example, relays, fuses, and manual service disconnect (MSD) switches. When the sampling unit 130 has a current sampling function, it may support, for example, Hall effect sensors and shunt sensors.

[0101] The sampling unit 130 can be a single device, or it can be multiple devices. When the sampling unit 130 is multiple devices, these devices are connected in a daisy-chain configuration. For example, as... Figure 7 As shown, these multiple devices may include, for example, a battery junction box (BJB) and a slave input output (SIO), with the BJB and SIO connected in a daisy-chain configuration. The BJB has at least high-voltage sampling and current sampling capabilities, and the SIO includes at least multiple high-side drive and multiple dry contact detection capabilities. Figure 7 The BJB is connected to the battery sampling unit 110, and the SIO is connected to the control unit 120. Alternatively, the SIO can also be connected to the battery sampling unit 110, and the BJB can also be connected to the control unit 120.

[0102] If the detection unit does not have insulation detection functionality, the battery management system 100 may additionally include an insulation detection unit. This insulation detection unit is daisy-chained to the control unit 120, thereby communicating with the control unit 120 via daisy-chain communication. For example, the insulation detection unit may include an insulation monitoring module (IMM) or a battery-controlled battery (BJB) with insulation detection functionality.

[0103] The battery management system 100 of this application embodiment can be applied to centralized energy storage systems and string energy storage systems. In a centralized energy storage system, all energy storage devices share a single high-voltage circuit. To reduce costs, the sampling unit 130 may not integrate insulation sampling functionality; instead, the battery management system 100 may include an additional insulation detection unit. In a string energy storage system, since each energy storage device corresponds to its own high-voltage circuit, the sampling unit 130 may integrate an insulation sampling unit.

[0104] In some embodiments, the sampling unit 130 may not include a controller.

[0105] Thus, the control unit 120 can uniformly control the battery devices. Since the control unit 120 typically has high data processing efficiency, its unified control of the battery devices improves the overall data processing efficiency of the energy storage system. Furthermore, the execution sampling unit 130 does not include a controller. On one hand, when upgrading the battery management system 100's software, there is no need to upgrade the execution sampling unit 130, increasing the upgrade speed; on the other hand, reducing the number of managed software programs lowers the difficulty of software version management.

[0106] In other words, the sampling unit 130 only forwards and samples information, and performs some operations based on the control of the control unit 120. For example, the sampling unit 130 can detect a relay and then send the detection information to the control unit 120. In response to the detection information, the control unit 120 sends third control information to the sampling unit 130, which indicates the timing of turning the relay on and off, as well as the on-time and off-time. After receiving the third control information, the sampling unit 130 turns the relay on and off based on the third control information.

[0107] The controller can be, for example, an MCU. For instance, in the case where the sampling unit 130 includes multiple devices, none of these devices include an MCU.

[0108] Alternatively, the sampling unit 130 may include a controller, but the controller does not operate.

[0109] The number of sampling units 130 can be less than or equal to the number of battery sampling units 110.

[0110] As an example, the battery management system 100 may include only one sampling unit 130. In this way, the cost and size of the battery management system 100 can be reduced.

[0111] As another example, the number of execution sampling units 130 can be the same as the number of at least one set of battery sampling units 110, with each execution sampling unit 130 connected to a corresponding set of battery sampling units 110. This technical solution, by setting the number of execution sampling units 130 to be the same as the number of sets of battery sampling units 110, and ensuring that each execution sampling unit 130 is connected to a corresponding battery sampling unit 110, reduces the control complexity of the control unit 120 over the execution sampling units 130, and also reduces the error rate of the execution sampling units 130 sampling the corresponding battery devices.

[0112] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the number of battery sampling units 110 is m, and the number of execution sampling units 130 is also m. When it is necessary to sample the current of the first group of battery devices, the control unit 120 can send third control information to the execution sampling unit 1 corresponding to the first group of battery devices. This third control information is used to instruct the first group of battery devices to sample the current.

[0113] As another example, partial execution sampling unit 130 may be connected to multiple sets of battery sampling units 110, or partial execution sampling unit 130 may be connected to only one set of battery sampling units 110.

[0114] In some embodiments, the sampling unit 130 may be located in the main control box of the energy storage device.

[0115] The main control box is a box-type structure containing control components, which can be programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Various auxiliary components such as relays, fuses, indicator lights, disconnect switches, current sensors, high-voltage copper bars, and fuses can be installed inside the control box.

[0116] Since the main control line is equipped with current sensors, various on / off devices, etc., this technical solution can reduce the distance between the execution sampling unit 130 and its execution object by setting the execution sampling unit 130 in the main control box of the energy storage device. This can reduce the wiring length between them, reduce the space occupied by the battery management system 100, and also reduce wiring costs and complexity.

[0117] When the sampling unit 130 is located in the main control box, the main control box is connected to the control unit 120 and at least one set of battery sampling units 110 in a daisy chain manner.

[0118] The main control box can be a standard main control box, with external electrical interfaces including B+ / B- interfaces, HV+ / HV- high voltage interfaces, two daisy-chain ports, and one power supply interface.

[0119] Of course, the sampling unit 130 may not be located in the main control box.

[0120] In addition to the daisy-chain port, the control unit 120 may also include at least one Ethernet interface. In some embodiments, the control unit 120 may be connected to the EMS via the Ethernet interface, that is, the other end of the control unit 120 is connected to the EMS via the Ethernet interface.

[0121] At this time, the control unit 120 can send the second status information of the energy storage system to the EMS through the Ethernet interface, and / or receive the second control information sent by the EMS through the Ethernet interface.

[0122] The control unit 120 is connected to the EMS via an Ethernet interface. Since Ethernet speeds are typically high, this improves the communication rate between the control unit 120 and the EMS. Furthermore, since neither the battery sampling unit 110 nor the execution sampling unit 130 includes a controller, when the battery management system 100 needs an upgrade, the program in the control unit 120 can be upgraded simply via Ethernet, resulting in a fast upgrade speed.

[0123] The second state information may be the same as or different from the first state information. The second state information may include, but is not limited to, the battery device's voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH).

[0124] The second control information may include, for example, charging and discharging information. For instance, after receiving the second status information, the EMS can determine the charging and discharging information based on the second status information and factors such as electricity prices. That is, it can control the battery device to charge when electricity prices are low and control the energy stored in the battery device to profit from the price difference during peak electricity consumption periods. Furthermore, the second control information can also be used to control the operating state of the battery device. For example, the EMS can send the second control information to the control unit 120 according to the operating requirements of the energy storage system to control the operating state of the battery device.

[0125] Ethernet interfaces may include, for example, small form-factor pluggable (SFP) interfaces.

[0126] It should be noted that when the control unit 120 and EMS transmit information via Ethernet, the transmitted information needs to be encrypted in order to reduce the possibility of information being eavesdropped on and tampered with.

[0127] It should also be noted that the control unit 120 is connected to the EMS via an Ethernet interface, which can be understood as the control unit 120 being directly connected to the EMS via an Ethernet interface.

[0128] In addition, the control unit 120 may also include at least one controller area network (CAN) interface. The CAN interface may be, for example, a distributed CAN (DCAN) interface.

[0129] For example, the control unit 120 can be connected to the thermal management system (TMS) via a CAN interface. Since the main control unit in current battery management systems is basically connected to the TMS via a CAN interface, providing at least one CAN interface on the control unit 120 can improve the applicability of the battery management system 100 and make the battery management system 100 more flexible.

[0130] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a possible battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. This battery management system 100 can be applied to centralized energy storage systems.

[0131] exist Figure 8 In this design, the battery sampling unit 110 is a CSC (Computer-Signaled Sampling Unit), which employs a MCU-less design. The control unit 120 is an MBMU (Multi-Module Management Unit). The sampling unit 130 includes a BJB (Battery-Jack Bow) and a SIO (System-Independent Identifier). The BJB and SIO are connected via a daisy chain, as are the BJB and CSC. The SIO is also connected to the MBMU via a daisy chain. Both the BJB and SIO employ a MCU-less design. The BJB and SIO are located in the main control box. In addition to connecting to the SIO, the MBMU is also connected to the last CSC in each group. The BJB has high-voltage sampling and current sampling functions, while the SIO includes multi-channel high-side drive and multi-channel dry contact detection functions.

[0132] In addition, the MBMU connects to the EMS via an Ethernet interface and to the TMS via a DCAN interface.

[0133] The battery management system 100 also includes a BJB with insulation detection function, which is connected to the MBMU via a daisy chain.

[0134] This application also provides an energy storage device. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the energy storage device 900 may include at least one battery device 901 and a battery management system 902, the battery management system 902 being used to manage or control at least one battery device 901.

[0135] Optionally, the battery management system 902 can be the battery management system 100 in any of the above schemes.

[0136] This application also provides an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes multiple energy storage devices. For example, the energy storage device can be energy storage device 900.

[0137] Among the multiple energy storage devices 900, two adjacent energy storage devices 900 can be installed close to each other, or two rows of energy storage devices 900 can be spaced a certain distance apart.

[0138] Although this application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery management system, characterized in that, include: At least one set of battery sampling units is used to sample the first state information of the battery device in the energy storage system; A control unit, one end of which is connected to the at least one set of battery sampling units to receive the first status information sent by the at least one set of battery sampling units, and / or to send first control information to the at least one set of battery sampling units, wherein the first control information is used to control the at least one set of battery sampling units; The control unit is further configured to send second status information of the battery device to the energy management system, and / or receive second control information sent by the energy management system.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least one group of battery sampling units includes a target battery sampling unit, and the control unit is connected to the target battery sampling unit; Wherein, when the control unit sends the first control information to each group of battery sampling units, the first control information is transmitted starting from the target battery sampling unit and sequentially through the other battery sampling units in each group of battery sampling units except for the target battery sampling unit; and / or When the control unit receives the first status information sent by the first battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units, the first status information is transmitted from the first battery sampling unit and sequentially through some battery sampling units in each group of battery sampling units until it reaches the target battery sampling unit, and is transmitted to the control unit through the target battery sampling unit. The some battery sampling units include battery sampling units located between the first battery sampling unit and the target battery sampling unit.

3. The battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The target battery sampling unit includes the first battery sampling unit and / or the last battery sampling unit in each group of battery sampling units.

4. The battery management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the case where the target battery sampling unit includes the first battery sampling unit and the last battery sampling unit, the first battery sampling unit and the last battery sampling unit are connected to different interfaces of the control unit.

5. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least one set of battery sampling units does not include a controller.

6. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management system also includes: An execution sampling unit is disposed between the at least one set of battery sampling units and the control unit, and is connected to the at least one set of battery sampling units and the control unit respectively in a daisy chain manner. The first control information is transmitted to the at least one set of battery sampling units through the execution sampling unit, and / or the first status information is transmitted to the control unit through the execution sampling unit. The execution sampling unit is used to receive third control information sent by the control unit. The third control information is used to control the execution sampling unit to perform at least one of the following operations: high voltage sampling, insulation sampling, current sampling, and control of the switching on and off of the switching device.

7. The battery management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The execution sampling unit does not include a controller.

8. The battery management system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The number of execution sampling units is the same as the number of groups of at least one set of battery sampling units, and each execution sampling unit is connected to a corresponding group of battery sampling units.

9. The battery management system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes an energy storage device, and the sampling unit is located in the main control box of the energy storage device.

10. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first status information includes the voltage and / or temperature of the battery device, the battery device including a target battery device, and the control unit is specifically used for: Determine whether the voltage of the target battery device is within a preset voltage range, and / or determine whether the temperature of the target battery device is within a preset temperature range; If the voltage of the target battery device is not within the preset voltage range and / or the temperature of the target battery device is not within the preset temperature range, disconnect the circuit containing the target battery device.

11. The battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes an Ethernet interface, through which the control unit sends the second status information to the energy management system and / or receives the second control information.

12. An energy storage device, characterized in that, include: At least one battery device; The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is used to manage or control the at least one battery device.

13. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Multiple energy storage devices according to claim 12.

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