Circuit board shielding structure and motor controller

Abstract

The utility model relates to a circuit board shielding structure and a motor controller, the circuit board shielding structure is used for the motor controller, the motor controller comprises a shell, an upper cover and a circuit board, and the shell and the upper cover are matched to define a first containing cavity for containing the circuit board. The circuit board shielding structure comprises a windowing part, a first metal isolation component and a second metal isolation component, the windowing part is arranged on the circuit board, the windowing part is arranged around a to-be-shielded area on the circuit board, a plurality of through holes penetrating through the circuit board are formed in the windowing part at intervals in the circumferential direction, the first metal isolation component is arranged on the upper cover, and the second metal isolation component is arranged on the lower cover. The second metal isolation component is arranged on the shell, the first metal isolation component and the second metal isolation component are matched with the windowing part in shape, and at least one of the first metal isolation component and the second metal isolation component is provided with a protruding part used for being inserted into the through hole. According to the circuit board shielding structure, the closed metal isolation cavity is formed around the to-be-shielded area of the circuit board, and effective electromagnetic shielding isolation can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of controller technology, and in particular to a circuit board shielding structure and a motor controller. Background Technology

[0002] When the motor controller is working, the internal components generate strong electromagnetic interference. This interference can propagate through space and be conducted through current-carrying conductors, interfering with the normal operation of other electronic devices on the electric vehicle.

[0003] To combat electromagnetic interference (EMI), motor controllers typically employ a metal casing to effectively suppress radiated EMI to external devices. Internally, EMI filters are installed at the power or signal input and output terminals to effectively suppress conducted EMI. However, due to limitations in power density, internal component layout, and printed circuit board (PCB) design, strict cavity design is not always feasible. This allows EMI generated by internal components to propagate through space, bypassing EMI filters and coupling to the input or output terminals, then being conducted through current-carrying conductors, thus affecting the normal operation of other equipment on the vehicle. Utility Model Content

[0004] The first objective of this invention is to provide a circuit board shielding structure that can effectively shield and isolate the input and output ports on the circuit board from electromagnetic interference.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a motor controller that includes the aforementioned circuit board shielding structure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A circuit board shielding structure is used for a motor controller. The motor controller includes a housing, a top cover, and a circuit board. The housing and the top cover cooperate to form a first cavity for accommodating the circuit board. The circuit board shielding structure includes:

[0008] The window portion is provided on the circuit board, the window portion is arranged around the area to be shielded on the circuit board, the window portion is used to expose the copper foil on the circuit board, and the window portion is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating the circuit board at intervals along the circumference;

[0009] A first metal isolation member is disposed on the surface of the upper cover facing the circuit board, and the shape of the first metal isolation member is adapted to the opening portion;

[0010] A second metal isolation member is disposed on the surface of the housing facing the circuit board, and the shape of the second metal isolation member is adapted to the opening portion;

[0011] The first metal isolation member is provided with a protrusion for inserting into the through hole and contacting the second metal isolation member, and / or the second metal isolation member is provided with a protrusion for inserting into the through hole and contacting the first metal isolation member.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the window portion is connected to an extension portion that extends along the edge of the circuit board in a direction away from the window portion.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, one of the first metal isolation member and the second metal isolation member is provided with the protrusion, and the other of the first metal isolation member and the second metal isolation member is provided with a groove, and the protrusion and the groove are inserted into each other.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, the first metal isolation member and the second metal isolation member are composed of multiple metal plates connected to each other.

[0015] A motor controller, comprising:

[0016] The outer casing includes a housing and a top cover, the housing and the top cover cooperating to form a first cavity;

[0017] A circuit board is disposed within the first cavity, and a circuit board shielding structure as described above is provided between the circuit board, the upper cover, and the housing.

[0018] In one embodiment of this application, the outer shell further includes a bottom plate, and the side of the outer shell away from the top cover cooperates with the bottom plate to form a second cavity, and an electromagnetic interference filter is disposed in the second cavity.

[0019] In one embodiment of this application, the second cavity is further provided with encapsulated high-voltage DC capacitors spaced apart from the electromagnetic interference filter, the encapsulated high-voltage DC capacitors comprising:

[0020] Metal casing;

[0021] The DC capacitor body is disposed inside the metal casing;

[0022] A potting compound layer disposed inside the metal casing and encapsulating the DC capacitor body.

[0023] In one embodiment of this application, the metal outer casing is an aluminum shell.

[0024] In one embodiment of this application, the metal outer cover is connected to the base plate.

[0025] In one embodiment of this application, the housing includes a circumferential shell wall and a metal partition disposed within the circumferential shell wall. A first groove for forming the first cavity and a second groove for forming the second cavity are respectively formed on both sides of the metal partition. The second metal isolation member of the circuit board shielding structure is disposed on the metal partition.

[0026] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this utility model discloses a circuit board shielding structure for a motor controller. The motor controller includes a housing, a top cover, and a circuit board. The housing and the top cover cooperate to form a first cavity for accommodating the circuit board. The circuit board shielding structure includes a window portion, a first metal isolation member, and a second metal isolation member. The window portion is disposed on the circuit board and surrounds the area to be shielded on the circuit board. The window portion is used to expose the copper foil on the circuit board. The window portion has multiple through holes that penetrate the circuit board at intervals along the circumference. The first metal isolation member is disposed on the surface of the top cover facing the circuit board and is adapted to the shape of the window portion. The second metal isolation member is disposed on the surface of the housing facing the circuit board and is adapted to the shape of the window portion. The first metal isolation member is provided with a protrusion for inserting into the through hole and contacting the second metal isolation member, and / or the second metal isolation member is provided with a protrusion for inserting into the through hole and contacting the first metal isolation member.

[0027] In the aforementioned circuit board shielding structure, the protrusions on the first and / or second metal isolation members are inserted into the through holes on the circuit board, and the first and second metal isolation members clamp the circuit board on the upper and lower sides. At the same time, the first and second metal isolation members are in contact with each other, thereby forming a sealed metal cavity around the area to be shielded on the circuit board, blocking the propagation path of radiated electromagnetic interference, thereby achieving the purpose of effective electromagnetic shielding and isolation of the input and output ports on the circuit board. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 An exploded view of the circuit board shielding structure provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 2A schematic diagram of the circuit board shielding structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the upper cover of the circuit board shielding structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the top structure of the housing of the circuit board shielding structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the assembly process of the circuit board shielding structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 An exploded view of the motor controller provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the housing of the motor controller provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the base plate of the motor controller provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the assembly process of the housing and base plate of the motor controller provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0038] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of the housing of the motor controller provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0039] In the picture:

[0040] 100 is the circuit board; 101 is the three-phase output port area; 102 is the low-voltage port area between the motor and the vehicle control unit; 103 is the low-voltage port area between the vehicle control unit and the motor; 104 is the control circuit area; 105 is the window opening; 106 is the through hole; 107 is the extension.

[0041] 200 is the top cover; 201 is the first metal isolation component; 202 is the protrusion;

[0042] 300 is the shell; 301 is the first cavity; 302 is the second metal isolation member; 303 is the groove; 304 is the second cavity; 305 is the circumferential shell wall; 306 is the metal partition.

[0043] 400 is the base plate;

[0044] 500 is an electromagnetic interference filter;

[0045] 600 is a potted high-voltage DC capacitor. Detailed Implementation

[0046] One of the core features of this invention is to provide a circuit board shielding structure, the structural design of which enables effective electromagnetic shielding and isolation of the input and output ports on the circuit board.

[0047] Another core aspect of this invention is to provide a motor controller based on the aforementioned circuit board shielding structure.

[0048] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0049] Please see Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the circuit board shielding structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit board shielding structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper cover of the circuit board shielding structure provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the top structure of the housing of the circuit board shielding structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0050] This utility model discloses a circuit board shielding structure for a motor controller. The motor controller includes a housing 300, a top cover 200, and a circuit board 100. The housing 300 and the top cover 200 cooperate to form a first cavity 301 for accommodating the circuit board 100. The circuit board shielding structure includes a window 105, a first metal isolation member 201, and a second metal isolation member 302.

[0051] The circuit board 100 (PCB) employs a sandwich structure, where two copper foil layers are separated by a non-conductive FR-4 (epoxy fiberglass) layer. A single circuit board 100 can be constructed from multiple sandwich structures. The copper foil layers, except for the solder pads, are covered with a solder mask layer. The window 105 is achieved by removing part of the solder mask layer. The window 105 is located on the circuit board 100 and surrounds the area to be shielded on the circuit board 100. It should be noted that the circuit board 100 has two surfaces along its thickness. Depending on the structure of the area to be shielded, the window 105 can be located on only one surface. The window portion 105 can be provided on both surfaces. In a specific embodiment of this application, the area to be shielded includes a three-phase output port area 101, a low-voltage port area 102 between the motor and the vehicle control unit, and a low-voltage port area 103 between the motor and the vehicle control unit. In addition to these areas, a control circuit area 104 is also provided on the circuit board 100. The window portion 105 separates the area to be shielded from the control circuit area 104. The window portion 105 is used to expose the copper foil layer on the circuit board 100, thereby contacting the metal isolation component to form electromagnetic shielding. The window portion 105 is provided with a plurality of through holes 106 that penetrate the circuit board 100 at intervals along the circumference.

[0052] It should be noted that each area to be shielded is provided with a separate annular opening 105, that is, each area to be shielded is surrounded by a separate electromagnetic shielding cavity to avoid mutual interference. When the area to be shielded is located at the end of the circuit board 100, such as Figure 2 As shown, the through hole 106 is provided in the window portion 105 in all directions except the side near the housing 300. Correspondingly, the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 are also configured as a three-sided surrounding structure, so that the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 can cooperate with the housing 300 to form an annular surrounding of the area to be shielded. When the area to be shielded is not at the end of the circuit board 100, the through hole 106 needs to be arranged in the entire circumference of the window portion 105. Correspondingly, the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 also need to be configured as a four-sided surrounding structure.

[0053] The first metal isolation member 201 is disposed on the surface of the upper cover 200 facing the circuit board 100, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first metal isolation member 201 can be integrally formed with the upper cover 200, or it can be detachably mounted on the upper cover 200. The shape of the first metal isolation member 201 is adapted to the shape of the window portion 105. The second metal isolation member 302 is disposed on the surface of the housing 300 facing the circuit board 100, such as... Figure 4As shown, the second metal isolation member 302 can be an integral structure with the housing 300, or it can be detachably installed on the housing 300. The shape of the second metal isolation member 302 is adapted to the opening portion 105.

[0054] The first metal isolation member 201 is provided with a protrusion 202 for contacting the insertion through hole 106 and the second metal isolation member 302, and / or the second metal isolation member 302 is provided with a protrusion for contacting the insertion through hole 106 and the first metal isolation member 201. That is, the protrusion 202 can be provided only on the first metal isolation member 201. During assembly, if... Figure 5 As shown, the protrusion 202 on the first metal isolation member 201 passes through the through hole 106 and contacts the second metal isolation member 302. Alternatively, the protrusion may be provided only on the second metal isolation member 302. During assembly, the protrusion on the second metal isolation member 302 passes through the through hole 106 and contacts the first metal isolation member 201. In both embodiments, the protrusion of the protrusion relative to the metal isolation member is equal to the thickness of the circuit board 100.

[0055] Alternatively, protrusions can be provided on both the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302. During assembly, the protrusions 202 on the first metal isolation member 201 and the protrusions on the second metal isolation member 302 are respectively inserted into the through holes 106, and the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 contact each other through their respective protrusions. In this embodiment, the sum of the protruding dimensions of the protrusions 202 on the first metal isolation member 201 and the protrusions on the second metal isolation member 302 is equal to the thickness of the circuit board 100. Alternatively, protrusions can be provided on both the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302, but the protrusions 202 on the first metal isolation member 201 and the protrusions on the second metal isolation member 302 are staggered. The protrusions 202 on the first metal isolation member 201 and the protrusions on the second metal isolation member 302 alternately engage with the through holes 106 on the circuit board 100. In this embodiment, the protruding dimension of the protrusion relative to the metal isolation member is equal to the thickness of the circuit board 100.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the protrusions 202 on the first metal isolation member 201 and / or the second metal isolation member 302 of the circuit board shielding structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model are inserted into the through holes 106 on the circuit board 100, and the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 clamp the circuit board 100 on the upper and lower sides of the circuit board 100 to form a "mortise and tenon" connection, which improves the fixing strength of the circuit board 100. At the same time, the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 are in contact with each other, thereby forming a sealed metal cavity around the area to be shielded on the circuit board 100, blocking the propagation path of radiated electromagnetic interference, thereby achieving the purpose of effective electromagnetic shielding and isolation of the input and output ports on the circuit board 100.

[0057] To improve the electromagnetic shielding effect, in one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the window portion 105 is connected to an extension portion 107 that extends away from the window portion 105 along the edge of the circuit board 100. The extension portion 107 can increase the area of ​​the window portion 105, thereby improving the electromagnetic shielding effect.

[0058] Further optimize the above technical solutions, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, one of the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 is provided with a protrusion 202, and the other of the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 is provided with a groove 303. The protrusion 202 and the groove 303 are inserted and fitted together, which not only increases the stability of the fit between the top cover 200 and the housing 300, but also increases the contact area between the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302. In this embodiment, the protrusion of the protrusion 202 relative to the metal isolation member is greater than the thickness of the circuit board 100.

[0059] Preferably, in one embodiment of this application, the first metal isolation member 201 and the second metal isolation member 302 are composed of multiple metal plates connected to each other.

[0060] Based on the above-described circuit board shielding structure, this utility model embodiment also provides a motor controller, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the motor controller includes a housing and a circuit board 100. The housing includes a shell 300 and a top cover 200. The shell 300 and the top cover 200 cooperate to form a first cavity 301. The circuit board 100 is disposed in the first cavity 301. A circuit board shielding structure as described in the above embodiment is provided between the circuit board 100, the top cover 200 and the shell 300. Since the motor controller adopts the circuit board shielding structure in the above embodiment, the technical effect of the motor controller can be referred to the above embodiment.

[0061] The electromagnetic interference filter 500 can effectively suppress electromagnetic interference conducted by the motor controller to external devices. Therefore, the electromagnetic interference filter 500 is an indispensable component of the motor controller. Thus, in one embodiment of this application, as... Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the outer casing also includes a base plate 400. The side of the housing 300 away from the upper cover 200 cooperates with the base plate 400 to form a second cavity 304. An electromagnetic interference filter 500 is provided in the second cavity 304. That is, the motor controller in this case adopts an upper and lower cavity design. The circuit board 100 is installed in the upper first cavity 301, and the electromagnetic interference filter 500 is installed in the lower second cavity 304.

[0062] Further optimize the above technical solutions, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the second cavity 304 is also equipped with a potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600 that is spaced apart from the electromagnetic interference filter 500. In this case, the potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600 is directly fixed on the base plate 400. The potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600 includes a metal outer casing, a DC capacitor body, and a potting adhesive layer. The metal outer casing includes, but is not limited to, an aluminum shell, a steel shell, or a shell made of other metal materials 300. The DC capacitor body is disposed inside the metal outer casing, and the potting adhesive layer is disposed inside the metal outer casing and wraps around the DC capacitor body. By potting the potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600 together with the base plate 400, the shock resistance of the potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600 can be enhanced, and its cavity arrangement with the electromagnetic interference filter 500 can be realized.

[0063] like Figure 10 As shown, the housing 300 includes a circumferential housing wall 305 and a metal partition 306 disposed within the circumferential housing wall 305. The metal partition 306 has a first groove forming a first cavity 301 and a second groove forming a second cavity 304 on its two sides. The second metal isolation member 302 of the circuit board shielding structure is disposed on the side of the metal partition 306 that forms the first cavity 301. A through groove is formed between one end of the metal partition 306 and the circumferential housing wall 305 to facilitate the connection of the circuit board 100 with the electromagnetic interference filter 500 and the potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600 in the second cavity 304.

[0064] Based on the dimensions of the electromagnetic interference filter 500 and the potted high-voltage DC capacitor 600, the metal partition 306 can be divided into areas with different thicknesses, such as... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, since the height of the electromagnetic interference filter 500 is greater than the height of the potted high voltage DC capacitor 600, the metal partition 306 includes a thin plate area and a thick plate area, thereby forming a clearance space below the thin plate area to accommodate the electromagnetic interference filter 500.

[0065] In summary, the circuit board shielding structure and motor controller provided in this application, through their compartmentalized design, control electromagnetic radiation within a limited range without increasing design costs or complexity. This facilitates EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) testing and rectification, and shortens the product development cycle.

[0066] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0067] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from the principles of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A circuit board shielding structure for a motor controller, the motor controller comprising a housing (300), a top cover (2), and a circuit board (100), wherein the housing (300) and the top cover (2) cooperate to form a first cavity (301) for accommodating the circuit board (100), characterized in that, The circuit board shielding structure includes: A window (105) is provided on the circuit board (100). The window (105) is provided around the area to be shielded on the circuit board (100). The window (105) is used to expose the copper foil on the circuit board (100). The window (105) is provided with a plurality of through holes (106) that penetrate the circuit board (100) at intervals along the circumference. A first metal isolation member (201) is disposed on the surface of the upper cover (2) facing the circuit board (100), and the first metal isolation member (201) is adapted to the shape of the window (105); A second metal isolation member (302) is disposed on the surface of the housing (300) facing the circuit board (100), and the second metal isolation member (302) is adapted to the shape of the window (105); The first metal isolation member (201) is provided with a protrusion (202) for inserting the through hole (106) into contact with the second metal isolation member (302), and / or the second metal isolation member (302) is provided with a protrusion for inserting the through hole (106) into contact with the first metal isolation member (201).

2. The circuit board shielding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The window portion (105) is connected to an extension portion (107) that extends along the edge of the circuit board (100) in a direction away from the window portion (105).

3. The circuit board shielding structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, One of the first metal isolation member (201) and the second metal isolation member (302) is provided with the protrusion, and the other of the first metal isolation member (201) and the second metal isolation member (302) is provided with the groove (303), and the protrusion and the groove (303) are inserted into each other.

4. The circuit board shielding structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first metal isolation member (201) and the second metal isolation member (302) are composed of multiple metal plates connected to each other.

5. A motor controller, characterized in that, include: The outer shell includes a housing (300) and a top cover (2), wherein the housing (300) and the top cover (2) cooperate to form a first cavity (301). A circuit board (100) is disposed within the first cavity (301), and a circuit board shielding structure as described in any one of claims 1-4 is provided between the circuit board (100), the upper cover (2), and the housing (300).

6. The motor controller according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer shell also includes a base plate (400), and the side of the shell (300) away from the upper cover (2) cooperates with the base plate (400) to form a second cavity (304), and an electromagnetic interference filter (500) is provided in the second cavity (304).

7. The motor controller according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second cavity (304) is further provided with a potted high-voltage DC capacitor (600) spaced apart from the electromagnetic interference filter (500), the potted high-voltage DC capacitor (600) comprising: Metal casing; The DC capacitor body is disposed inside the metal casing; A potting compound layer disposed inside the metal casing and encapsulating the DC capacitor body.

8. The motor controller according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal casing is an aluminum shell.

9. The motor controller according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal outer cover is connected to the base plate (400).

10. The motor controller according to claim 7, characterized in that, The housing (300) includes a circumferential shell wall (305) and a metal partition (306) disposed within the circumferential shell wall (305). A first groove for forming the first cavity (301) and a second groove for forming the second cavity (304) are respectively formed on both sides of the metal partition (306). The second metal isolation member (302) of the circuit board shielding structure is disposed on the metal partition (306).

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