Polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet

Abstract

The utility model provides a polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet, which comprises at least two layers, namely a fire-extinguishing layer and a polyurethane continuous phase layer, the fire-extinguishing layer is positioned on the surface of the polyurethane continuous phase layer, contains fire-extinguishing medium particles and comprises a floating layer and an embedded layer, the floating rate fn of the fire-extinguishing medium particles in the material is 0.25-0.8, preferably 0.4-0.7, and the floating rate fn of the fire-extinguishing medium particles in the material is 0.5-1.5. The ratio is defined as the average value of the thickness H1 of the floating layer to the polar length L of the particles. By controlling the floating state of the particles, the material can maintain good tensile property and tearing strength while maintaining high flame retardance and fire extinguishing performance, and is convenient to pave and construct.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire extinguishing composite materials, specifically to a flame-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet with polyurethane as the base material. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, polymer materials have a wide range of applications and possess many physical property advantages that traditional materials lack. However, the inherent non-flammability and non-fire-resistant properties of most polymer materials affect the personal safety of those using them. Fire-resistant materials are used in multiple fields, primarily in the construction industry, such as walls, insulation layers, and roofs. In buildings, the use of fire-resistant materials can effectively reduce the frequency of fires and mitigate the damage caused by fires. Fire-resistant materials are also widely used in the transportation sector, such as in airplanes, trains, and subways. Many departments require fire-resistant materials to ensure passenger safety because the relatively small spaces in transportation vehicles allow fires to spread rapidly, easily threatening lives. Fire-resistant materials are also crucial in the power equipment sector. They are needed in power plants, transmission equipment, transformer equipment, cables, and electrical cabinets to prevent fires. Commonly used fire-resistant materials include refractory materials, flame-retardant materials, fire-resistant insulation materials, fire-resistant fillers, fireproof boards, flame-retardant boards, and fire-retardant coatings, among others. Various types of fire-resistant materials are used in different application fields.

[0003] Currently, the most commonly used polymer-based fireproof materials on the market are mainly produced using a composite method. Their main characteristics are that the processed products have a dense and smooth surface and an attractive appearance. However, these products cannot simultaneously possess good fire extinguishing capabilities and processing performance.

[0004] Given the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, it is necessary to propose a material that combines excellent processing performance, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant and fire-extinguishing properties. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a polyurethane flame-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet, which aims to solve the problem of balancing processing performance, mechanical properties and flame-retardant fire extinguishing performance when containing flame-retardant fire extinguishing media. The prepared finished product has excellent toughness and tensile properties to meet the flatness and interface conformity requirements during the paving process, and avoids the problem of easy tearing under tension during material processing.

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of this utility model conducted in-depth research and found that by controlling the floating state of the fire extinguishing medium particles in the polyurethane flame retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet, the material can achieve high flame retardancy and fire extinguishing performance while maintaining the tensile properties and tear strength of the material, thereby making the material easy to lay and construct.

[0007] Specifically as follows:

[0008] The utility model discloses a kind of polyurethane flame-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet, the flame-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet contains at least two layers, respectively fire extinguishing layer and polyurethane continuous phase layer, the fire extinguishing layer is located at the at least one surface of polyurethane continuous phase layer, and it is the layer containing fire extinguishing medium particle in flame-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet;

[0009] The fire extinguishing layer further includes:

[0010] Floating layer, i.e. the discrete part of fire extinguishing medium particle protruding from the surface of polyurethane flame-retardant base material;And

[0011] Embedded layer, i.e. based on the number of fire extinguishing medium particles, 99% of fire extinguishing medium particles are embedded into the part corresponding to the deepest position of polyurethane flame-retardant base material;

[0012] Polyurethane continuous phase layer is the layer substantially not containing fire extinguishing medium particle;"substantially not containing" means that in the layer, based on the number of fire extinguishing medium particles, only a part of 1% of fire extinguishing medium particles exists, and the rest is the layer of polyurethane flame-retardant base material continuous phase.

[0013] In some of the schemes, the floating layer thickness H1 is 0.5-1.5mm, preferably 0.8-1.2mm;The embedded layer thickness H2 is 0.4-3mm, preferably 0.6-2.5mm;The thickness H3 of the polyurethane continuous phase layer is 0.6-5mm, preferably 1-4mm.

[0014] In some of the schemes, the fire extinguishing medium particle is one or more particles or particle-shaped capsules capable of quickly extinguishing fire after encountering open fire or splashing flame or air current carrying flame, wherein the fire extinguishing mode of fire extinguishing medium particle includes one or more of the following: self-volume expansion to isolate air, rapid release of high-density non-combustible gas to isolate flame and air extraction.

[0015] In the flame-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet described in the utility model, the floating rate fn of fire extinguishing medium particles is 0.25-0.8, preferably 0.4-0.7, and the floating rate fn is defined as: fn=H1 / L;

[0016] Wherein H1 is the thickness of the floating layer, i.e. the average protruding height of fire extinguishing medium particles protruding from the surface of polyurethane flame-retardant base material;

[0017] L is the average value of the polar length of fire extinguishing medium particles, i.e. the longest distance between the two intersection points of the line segment passing through the centroid on all cutting surfaces and the edge of the cutting surface at an arbitrary angle.

[0018] In some of the schemes, the fire extinguishing medium particles are granular, plate-shaped, columnar or irregularly shaped, preferably spindle-shaped or ellipsoidal granular, and the average value L of the polar length of the fire extinguishing medium particles satisfies 0.5mm≤L≤3mm, preferably 0.6mm≤L≤2mm, and more preferably 0.8mm≤L≤1.5mm.

[0019] In some of the schemes, the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet further comprises a substrate layer on the other side of the polyurethane continuous phase layer, the thickness H4 of the substrate layer is 0.03-0.25mm, and the substrate layer is composed of one or more of polyethylene terephthalate film, polycarbonate film, thermoplastic polyurethane composite PET film, glass cloth, polarized non-woven fabric, graphite sheet film, mica paper and conductive cloth.

[0020] In some of the schemes, the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet can further comprise an encapsulation layer, which is located at the outermost side of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet, and the thickness H5 of the encapsulation layer is 0.01-0.02mm.

[0021] In some of the schemes, the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet can further comprise one or more of the following layers according to the functions: adhesive layer, release layer, anti-slip layer, antibacterial layer, waterproof layer, soundproof layer and / or electromagnetic shielding layer.

[0022] In some of the schemes, the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is in the form of a roll, a pipe or a laminated plate, preferably a roll.

[0023] The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] Specifically, by selecting the polar length of the fire extinguishing medium particles and controlling the viscosity and curing conditions of the polyurethane fire-retardant base material, the floating state of the fire extinguishing medium particles in the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is achieved, which is reflected by the limitation of the floating rate (fn).

[0026] Such limitation enables the material to maintain excellent fire-retardant and fire-extinguishing performance while also having good mechanical performance and processing performance, and the finished product prepared has excellent toughness and tensile performance, which enables the material to meet the flatness and interface followability in the paving process, effectively avoiding the problem that the material is easily torn under tension.

[0027] At the same time, by controlling the floating rate (fn) of the fire extinguishing medium particles, the effective distribution of the fire extinguishing medium particles in the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet is also reflected, when encountering fire, the fire extinguishing medium particles are mainly attached to the surface of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet, and are uniformly distributed, so that the whole composite sheet can quickly respond and the fire extinguishing efficiency is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic view of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet (without substrate layer and functional layer);

[0029] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic view of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet (containing substrate layer and functional layer and double-sided fire extinguishing layer);

[0030] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic view of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet (without substrate layer and functional layer and double-sided fire extinguishing layer);

[0031] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic view of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet (without substrate layer and functional layer);

[0032] Figure 5 It is a top view of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet.

[0033] Among them, 1-fire extinguishing layer;11-floating layer;12-embedded layer;2-polyurethane continuous phase layer;3-fire extinguishing medium particles;4-polyurethane fire-retardant substrate;5-substrate layer;6-adhesive layer;7-waterproof layer;8-electromagnetic shielding layer;9-encapsulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Although the present application has been described to a certain extent, it is obvious that various conditions can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. It can be understood that the present application is not limited to the described embodiments, but is subject to the scope of the claims, which includes equivalent replacements of each factor.

[0035] Figure 1The polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet (not containing a substrate layer and a functional layer) shown in the utility model has at least two layers, namely a fire-extinguishing layer 1 and a polyurethane continuous phase layer 2, the fire-extinguishing layer 1 is located on at least one surface of the polyurethane continuous phase layer 2 and is a layer containing fire-extinguishing medium particles in the flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet; according to the positional relationship between the fire-extinguishing medium particles 3 in the fire-extinguishing layer 1 and the polyurethane flame-retardant substrate 4, the fire-extinguishing layer 1 can be further divided into a floating layer 11 and an embedded layer 12, namely a discrete part of the fire-extinguishing medium particles protruding from the continuous polyurethane phase, that is to say, the floating layer 11 only has the fire-extinguishing medium particles protruding from the surface of the continuous polyurethane phase; and the embedded layer 12 is defined as the part corresponding to the deepest position of the 99% of the fire-extinguishing medium particles embedded into the continuous polyurethane phase based on the number of the fire-extinguishing medium particles, so that the fire-extinguishing medium particle part 3 and the polyurethane flame-retardant substrate 4 exist in the embedded layer 12; the fire-extinguishing layer 1 defined by the floating layer 11 and the embedded layer 12 covers the whole 99% of the fire-extinguishing medium particles falling into the layer.

[0036] The polyurethane continuous phase layer 2 is a layer substantially not containing fire-extinguishing medium particles; substantially not containing means that only 1% of the fire-extinguishing medium particles exist based on the number of the fire-extinguishing medium particles, and the rest are the polyurethane flame-retardant substrate continuous phase layer, that is to say, the polyurethane continuous phase layer 2 is mainly composed of the polyurethane flame-retardant substrate 4 and a small amount of the end part of the fire-extinguishing medium particles 3 which can be ignored. It should be noted that the separation surface between the layers in the utility model is parallel to the overall horizontal plane of the polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet, such as the division reference line shown in Figures 1-3 .

[0037] In the flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet, the floating rate fn of the fire-extinguishing medium particles is 0.25-0.8, preferably 0.4-0.7, and the floating rate fn is defined as fn=H1 / L.

[0038] Wherein H1 is the thickness of the floating layer, which is defined as the average protruding height of the fire-extinguishing medium particles protruding from the surface of the continuous polyurethane phase;

[0039] L is the average value of the polar length of the fire-extinguishing medium particles, namely the longest distance between the two intersection points of the line segment passing through the centroid and the edge of the cutting surface at all cutting surfaces at an arbitrary angle.

[0040] The floating rate fn reflects the wavy uneven state of the surface of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet after the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 are embedded into the polyurethane fire-retardant base material 4 to form a sheet structure, and therefore can reflect the embedding depth and angle of the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 of a specified size in the polyurethane fire-retardant base material 4, and comprehensively and concisely reflect the positional relationship between the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 and the polyurethane fire-retardant base material 4. It is surprisingly found that when the floating rate fn of the fire extinguishing medium particles is controlled within the range defined in the utility model, the material can achieve high fire-retardant and fire extinguishing performance while maintaining the tensile performance and tear strength of the material. When the floating rate fn is higher than 0.8, the firmness of the fire extinguishing medium particles is poor and the fire extinguishing medium particles are prone to falling off, and when the floating rate fn is lower than 0.2, the fire extinguishing medium particles are embedded into the polyurethane fire-retardant base material to a great depth, the fire extinguishing effect is poor, and the tensile performance and tear strength of the material are also affected.

[0041] The thickness H1 of the floating layer 11 is 0.5-1.5 mm, preferably 0.8-1.2 mm; when the thickness H1 of the floating layer is less than 0.5 mm, the protruding part of the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 from the polyurethane fire-retardant base material 4 is small, and therefore the timely fire extinguishing capability is limited; and when the thickness H1 of the floating layer is greater than 1.5 mm, the embedding firmness of the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 in the polyurethane fire-retardant base material 4 is not enough, and the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 are prone to falling off during the material curing, paving or coiled material processing.

[0042] The thickness H2 of the embedding layer 12 is 0.4-3 mm, preferably 0.6-2.5 mm. The thickness of the embedding layer 12 reflects the embedding depth of the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 in the polyurethane fire-retardant base material 4, and if the thickness is too shallow, the firmness is not enough and the fire extinguishing medium particles 3 are prone to falling off during the material curing, paving or coiled material processing. If the thickness is too deep, the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing medium particles is not high, and the mechanical properties are also affected to a certain extent. The thickness of the embedding layer can be measured by means of ultrasonic detection.

[0043] The thickness H3 of the polyurethane continuous phase layer 2 is 0.6-5 mm, preferably 1-4 mm. If the thickness H3 of the polyurethane continuous phase layer 2 is less than 0.6 mm, the tensile performance of the material is poor and the embedding firmness of the fire extinguishing medium particles is not enough, and if the thickness H3 of the polyurethane continuous phase layer 2 is greater than 5 mm, the weight of the sheet per unit area is increased, but the fireproof effect is not substantially enhanced, the material cost is increased, and the material is not light in the application scene.

[0044] The fire extinguishing medium particles are particles or granular capsules capable of rapidly extinguishing fire after encountering open fire or splashing flame or flame-carrying air current, wherein the fire extinguishing mode of the fire extinguishing medium particles includes one or more of the following: self-volume expansion to isolate air, rapid release of high-density flame-isolating non-combustible gas, and air extraction. As specific examples of the fire extinguishing medium particles, powder-type fire extinguishing medium particles such as sodium bicarbonate and phosphate, and multifunctional dry powder fire extinguishing medium particles (ABC fire extinguishing agent) suitable for solid, liquid and gas fires can be included, for oil and electrical fires, in particular lithium-ion battery fires, sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguishing medium particles (BC fire extinguishing agent) can be used, and more preferably, microencapsulated fire extinguishing medium particles such as perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent microcapsules are used.

[0045] The fire extinguishing medium particles are granular, plate-shaped, columnar or irregularly shaped, preferably spindle-shaped or ellipsoidal granular, and the average value L of the polar length of the fire extinguishing medium particles satisfies 0.2mm≤L≤3mm, preferably 0.3mm≤L≤2mm, and more preferably 0.5mm≤L≤1.5mm.

[0046] According to years of research by the inventor of the present utility model, some expandable fire extinguishing medium particles and fire extinguishing microcapsules encapsulating fire extinguishing gas (liquid) in hollow capsules all exhibit the characteristic that the size is positively correlated with the fire extinguishing performance, and the possible reason is that when the polar length is larger, the expandable ratio and the fire extinguishing microcapsule shell thickness are higher, which can form a container with higher pressure, encapsulating more fire extinguishing liquid, but the polar length cannot be increased indefinitely, when L>3mm, the particle size is too large, which leads to a decrease in the anchoring ability of the fire extinguishing medium particles on the continuous polyurethane phase and causes the particles to fall off, and in the use process, for example, when applied in a battery pack or module, if the particles fall off, short circuit and other abnormalities are easily caused. When L<0.3mm, the fire retardation / extinguishing ability decreases.

[0047] The polar length is defined as cutting the centroid of the fire extinguishing medium particles at any angle, and the cutting surface needs to pass through the centroid, and the longest line segment between the two intersection points of the line segment passing through the centroid and the edge of the cutting surface on all the cutting surfaces is called the polar length. The actual measurement of the polar length can be performed by dispersing the continuous polyurethane phase in a 5% Tween-80 solution, ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30min-1h, then observing the image with an optical microscope, then processing the image and obtaining the average length of the continuous polyurethane phase in the image.

[0048] The polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet further comprises a substrate layer 5 on the other side of the polyurethane flame-retardant substrate layer, and the thickness of the substrate layer 5 is 0.03-0.25 mm, and is further preferably 0.05-0.15 mm. The substrate layer 5 is composed of one or more of polyethylene terephthalate film, polycarbonate film, thermoplastic polyurethane composite PET film, glass cloth, polarized non-woven fabric, graphite sheet film, mica paper and conductive cloth. When the above materials are used in the thickness range, the polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet has better cross-section following property on the side where the substrate layer is located. When the thickness of the substrate layer 5 is too low, the flame-retardant substrate layer may be deformed due to the MD direction tension in the actual production process, and waves, folding lines and other abnormalities may be formed, which may cause the laying of the polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet to be poor in cross-section following property. When the thickness of the substrate layer is too large, the cost is too high, and the proportion of the fire-extinguishing layer in the polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is reduced, and the flame-retardant fire-extinguishing performance is also reduced.

[0049] The polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet can further comprise an encapsulation layer 9, which is located on the outermost side of the polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet and has a thickness of 0.01-0.02 mm. The encapsulation layer can further improve the stability of the fire-extinguishing material. The encapsulation layer can be formed by coating a polymer film on the surface of the fire-extinguishing layer. A specific polymer film is sprayed on the surface of the fire-extinguishing layer to form a protective film covering the surface of the fire-extinguishing layer, which can block air and moisture, prevent aging, prevent acid and alkali mist, resist ultraviolet rays, maintain appropriate humidity, and has a self-repairing function under certain conditions. The polymer film is selected from one of polyester, polyurethane, phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, polyurea resin, polysiloxane, natural polymer, acrylic resin and epoxy resin.

[0050] The polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet can further comprise one or more of the following layers according to the functions: adhesive layer, release layer, anti-slip layer, antibacterial layer, waterproof layer, soundproof layer and / or electromagnetic shielding layer. These functional layers can be coated or laminated on the polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet according to the substances having the above functions in the art.

[0051] The polyurethane flame-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is in the form of a roll, a pipe or a laminated plate, and is preferably a roll.

Claims

1. A polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet, characterized by, The fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet comprises at least two layers, namely a fire-extinguishing layer and a polyurethane continuous phase layer, and the fire-extinguishing layer is located on at least one surface of the polyurethane continuous phase layer, and is a layer containing fire-extinguishing medium particles in the fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet; The fire-extinguishing layer further comprises: a floating layer, namely a discrete part in which the fire-extinguishing medium particles protrude from the surface of the polyurethane fire-retardant substrate; and an embedded layer, namely a part corresponding to the deepest position of the polyurethane fire-retardant substrate in which 99% of the fire-extinguishing medium particles are embedded based on the number of the fire-extinguishing medium particles; The polyurethane continuous phase layer is a layer substantially containing no fire-extinguishing medium particles. "Substantially containing no" means that in the layer, only a part of 1% of the fire-extinguishing medium particles exists based on the number of the fire-extinguishing medium particles, and the rest is the continuous phase of the polyurethane fire-retardant substrate.

2. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized by, The thickness H1 of the floating layer is 0.5-1.5 mm; the thickness H2 of the embedded layer is 0.4-3 mm; and the thickness H3 of the polyurethane continuous phase layer is 0.6-5 mm.

3. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating rate fn of the fire-extinguishing medium particles in the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is 0.25-0.8, and the floating rate fn is defined as fn=H1 / L. H1 is the thickness of the floating layer, namely the average protruding height of the fire-extinguishing medium particles protruding from the surface of the polyurethane fire-retardant substrate; L is the average value of the polar length of the fire-extinguishing medium particles, namely the longest distance between the two intersection points of the line segment passing through the centroid of the fire-extinguishing medium particles and the edges of the cutting surface at all cutting angles.

4. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet according to claim 1, characterized by, The fire-extinguishing medium particles are in the form of particles, plates, columns or irregular shapes, and the average value L of the polar length of the fire-extinguishing medium particles satisfies 0.5 mm≤L≤3 mm.

5. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet of claim 1, wherein The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet further comprises a substrate layer on the other side of the polyurethane continuous phase layer, and the thickness H4 of the substrate layer is 0.03-0.25 mm.

6. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet of claim 1, wherein The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet further comprises an encapsulation layer located on the outermost side of the polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet, and the thickness H5 of the encapsulation layer is 0.01-0.02 mm.

7. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet of claim 1, wherein The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is further provided with one or more of the following layers according to functions: an adhesive layer, a release layer, an anti-slip layer, an antibacterial layer, a waterproof layer, a soundproof layer and / or an electromagnetic shielding layer.

8. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet of claim 1, wherein, The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is in the form of a roll, a pipe or a laminated plate.

9. The polyurethane flame -retardant fire extinguishing composite sheet according to claim 8, characterized by, The polyurethane fire-retardant fire-extinguishing composite sheet is in the form of a roll.

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