Air supplementing device of long-short blade water turbine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of water turbine air supply, in particular to an air supply device for a water turbine with long and short blades, which can filter inlet air impurities, protect parts of the water turbine, prevent air leakage and water flow backward flow and guarantee the air supply effect and unit safety. Comprising a one-way air inlet mechanism arranged on a draft tube of the water turbine in a communicating mode and used for introducing outside air into the draft tube; the switch assembly communicates with the one-way air inlet mechanism and is used for controlling opening and closing of the one-way air inlet mechanism; the one-way air inlet mechanism comprises a valve body, and an air duct is arranged in the valve body; the dust filtering plate is arranged at the air inlet of the valve body; the sliding guide sleeve is inserted into the valve body; the valve rod is inserted into the guide sliding sleeve in a sliding mode, the cross section of the valve rod is in a cross shape, and a guide column is arranged at the top end of the valve rod; the valve rod is sleeved with the valve pressure seat, and the bottom end of the valve pressure seat is attached to the edge of the top end of the guide sliding sleeve; the first spring is arranged on the guide column at the top end of the valve rod in a sleeving mode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of water turbine air supplementing, in particular to a long and short blade water turbine air supplementing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The conventional water turbine often appears water flow vortex zone phenomenon in the tail water pipe when running, especially under partial load working condition. The existence of vortex zone can cause the pressure in the tail water pipe to fluctuate violently, produce strong hydraulic vibration, not only affect the stability and safety of the water turbine, but also reduce the service life of the unit. At the same time, vortex zone can form local vacuum in the tail water pipe, cause cavitation phenomenon, cause serious damage to the inner wall of the tail water pipe and the runner blade, and increase the maintenance cost and downtime of the equipment.

[0003] The long and short blade water turbine has certain effect on improving the water flow characteristics due to its unique blade structure, but the water flow condition in the tail water pipe is still complex under certain working conditions. The water flow distribution at the outlet of the runner is more uneven, the formation and development law of vortex zone is different from that of the conventional water turbine, which makes it difficult for the existing air supplementing device to completely meet the air supplementing demand.

[0004] Some existing air supplementing devices have many deficiencies in actual application. The air inlet structure of part of the air supplementing device is simple in design, lacks effective filtering measures, dust, impurities and the like in the external air are easy to enter the tail water pipe along with the air, and then enter the interior of the water turbine, cause wear and damage to the parts of the water turbine, and affect the normal operation of the water turbine. The conventional air supplementing device has some defects in structure, the sealing performance is poor, air leakage or water flow backflow is easy to occur, and the air supplementing effect and safe operation of the unit are affected. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a long and short blade water turbine air supplementing device.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] The utility model relates to a long and short blade water turbine air supplementing device, which comprises:

[0008] The one-way air inlet mechanism is communicated and arranged on the tail water pipe of the water turbine, and is used for introducing external air into the tail water pipe.

[0009] The switch assembly is communicated with the one-way air inlet mechanism and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the one-way air inlet mechanism.

[0010] The one-way air inlet mechanism comprises:

[0011] The valve body is internally provided with an air passage.

[0012] The dust filter plate is arranged at the air inlet of the valve body.

[0013] The guide sliding sleeve is inserted into the valve body.

[0014] The valve rod is inserted into the guide sliding sleeve, the cross section of the valve rod is in the shape of a cross, and the top end of the valve rod is provided with a guide column.

[0015] The valve pressure seat is sleeved on the valve rod, and the bottom end of the valve pressure seat is in abutment with the top end edge of the guide sliding sleeve.

[0016] The first spring is sleeved on the guide column at the top end of the valve rod, and the bottom end of the first spring is in abutment with the top end of the valve pressure seat.

[0017] The top cover is screwed on the valve body, and the top end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top cover.

[0018] Further, the middle part of the valve rod is provided with external threads, the valve pressure seat is matched with the external threads of the middle part of the valve rod, and the height of the valve pressure seat is adjusted.

[0019] Further, the bottom end of the valve pressure seat is provided with a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket is in abutment with the top end edge of the guide sliding sleeve.

[0020] Further, the adapter is arranged at the left end of the valve body in a threaded manner, the outer side wall of the adapter is provided with tapered threads, and the adapter is used for being connected with the draft tube.

[0021] Further, the switch assembly comprises:

[0022] The air inlet pipe body is screwed with the valve body and is in communication with each other, and the air inlet pipe body is provided with an air inlet channel.

[0023] The switch pin is arranged in the air inlet pipe body in a rotating manner, the switch pin is provided with a switch air hole in communication, and the switch air hole is arranged on the same straight line with the air inlet channel.

[0024] Further, the outer end of the switch pin is provided with a handle.

[0025] Further, the bottom part of the air inlet pipe body is provided with an internal thread hole, the bottom part of the air inlet pipe body is provided with an inspection cover in a cover arrangement manner on the internal thread hole, and the inspection cover is used for sealing the cooperation point of the air inlet pipe body and the switch pin.

[0026] Further, the pin column is arranged on the inspection cover in a vertical manner, the pin column is arranged at the center of the bottom end of the switch pin in an insertion manner, a second spring is sleeved on the pin column, and the top end of the second spring is in abutment with the bottom end of the switch pin.

[0027] In the above technical scheme, the air supplementing device for the long-short blade water turbine has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] This air-injection device replenishes air into the draft tube in a timely manner through a one-way air intake mechanism, disrupting the conditions for vortex formation within the draft tube. This effectively reduces pressure fluctuations caused by vortex formation, minimizes strong hydraulic vibrations, and thus improves the stability and safety of turbine operation. It also reduces the risk of damage to the unit due to vibration and extends its service life. After air injection, the local vacuum area within the draft tube is improved, preventing cavitation caused by vacuum and reducing damage to the draft tube inner wall and runner blades. This lowers equipment maintenance costs and downtime for repairs, improving turbine operating efficiency and reliability. The dust filter effectively filters dust and impurities from the outside air, preventing them from entering the draft tube and turbine interior. This avoids wear and damage to turbine components, ensuring normal turbine operation and reducing the probability of malfunctions caused by impurities. The one-way air intake mechanism ensures excellent sealing performance, allowing outside air to enter the draft tube smoothly when air injection is needed while effectively preventing air leakage and water backflow, thus guaranteeing the effectiveness of air injection and the safe operation of the unit. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the dust filter plate;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a one-way air intake mechanism;

[0034] Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the valve stem.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fit between the valve stem and the guide sleeve;

[0036] Figure 7 This is an enlarged structural diagram of the switch pin;

[0037] The following are labels in the attached diagram: 11. Valve body; 12. Dust filter plate; 13. Guide sleeve; 14. Valve stem; 15. Valve pressure seat; 16. First spring; 17. Top cover; 18. Sealing gasket; 19. Adapter; 21. Inlet pipe body; 22. Switch pin; 23. Inspection cover; 24. Pin; 25. Second spring. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In order to make the technical scheme of the utility model better understood by the skilled in the art, the utility model will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1-7 As shown in the figure;

[0040] The utility model discloses a long and short blade water turbine air supplementing device, including:

[0041] One-way air intake mechanism is communicated and is arranged on the draft tube of water turbine, is used for leading the air of outside into the draft tube;

[0042] Switch assembly is communicated with one-way air intake mechanism, is used for controlling the opening and closing of one-way air intake mechanism;

[0043] One-way air intake mechanism includes:

[0044] Valve body 11 is internally provided with air passage;

[0045] Dust filter plate 12 is arranged at the air inlet of valve body 11;

[0046] Guide sliding sleeve 13 is inserted in the inside of valve body 11;

[0047] Valve rod 14 is slidably inserted in guide sliding sleeve 13, and the cross section of valve rod 14 is provided with cross shape, and the top end of valve rod 14 is provided with guide column;

[0048] Valve pressure seat 15 is sleeved on valve rod 14, and the bottom end of valve pressure seat 15 is attached to the top end edge of guide sliding sleeve 13;

[0049] First spring 16 is sleeved on the top end guide column of valve rod 14, and the bottom end of first spring 16 is attached to the top end of valve pressure seat 15;

[0050] Top cover 17 is screwed on valve body 11, and the top end of first spring 16 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of top cover 17;

[0051] By adopting the above technical solution, when the turbine operates under partial load conditions, the pressure inside the draft tube decreases due to the water flow vortex, creating a pressure difference with the external atmospheric pressure. At this time, the external atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the draft tube. Under the action of the pressure difference, the air first passes through the dust filter plate 12 at the air inlet of the one-way air intake mechanism. The dust filter plate 12 filters dust and impurities in the air, preventing them from entering the draft tube and the turbine. The filtered air enters the ventilation channel inside the valve body 11, pushing the valve stem 14. Under the action of air pressure, the valve stem 14 overcomes the elastic force of the first spring 16 and slides upward in the guide sleeve 13. Due to the valve... The cross-section of the rod 14 is cross-shaped, preventing wobbling during sliding and ensuring operational stability. As the valve rod 14 slides upward, the channel previously blocked by it gradually opens, allowing outside air to smoothly enter the turbine tailrace pipe through the vent inside the valve body 11. When the pressure inside the tailrace pipe gradually increases due to factors such as air replenishment, and the pressure difference with the outside atmospheric pressure decreases or disappears, the elastic force of the first spring 16 begins to function. The top end of the first spring 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top cover 17, and the bottom end is in contact with the top end of the valve seat 15. Under the action of the spring force, it pushes the valve seat 15 downward, thereby driving the valve rod 14 to move in the guide sleeve. 13 slides downwards; valve stem 14 gradually returns to its initial position, re-sealing the passage to prevent outside air from continuing to enter the draft tube, while also preventing backflow of water into the draft tube; this air replenishment device replenishes air into the draft tube in a timely manner through a one-way air intake mechanism, disrupting the formation conditions of vortices in the draft tube, effectively reducing pressure fluctuations caused by vortices, reducing strong hydraulic vibrations, thereby improving the stability and safety of turbine operation, reducing the risk of unit damage due to vibration, and extending the service life of the unit; after air replenishment, the local vacuum area in the draft tube is improved, avoiding cavitation caused by vacuum, and reducing the impact on the draft tube. The damage to the inner wall and turbine blades reduces equipment maintenance costs and downtime for repairs, while improving the turbine's operating efficiency and reliability. The dust filter plate 12 effectively filters dust and impurities from the outside air, preventing them from entering the tailrace pipe and turbine interior. This avoids wear and damage to turbine components caused by impurities, ensuring the turbine's normal operation and reducing the probability of malfunctions caused by impurities. The one-way air intake mechanism ensures the device has good sealing performance. It not only ensures that outside air can smoothly enter the tailrace pipe when air replenishment is needed, but also effectively prevents air leakage and water backflow, ensuring the air replenishment effect and the safe operation of the unit.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, such as Figure 4 As shown, the valve stem 14 has an external thread in the middle, and the valve pressure seat 15 is engaged with the external thread in the middle of the valve stem 14 to adjust the height of the valve pressure seat 15.

[0053] In the embodiment, the water flow vortex zone formation and development law, pressure fluctuation and the like in the draft tube are different under different operating conditions of the long-short blade hydraulic turbine; the air supply device can accurately control the air supply time and air supply amount according to the actual operating condition of the hydraulic turbine by adjusting the height of the valve pressure seat 15 to flexibly change the air inlet pressure threshold of the air supply device; under the high load condition, the water flow is relatively stable, the vortex zone has less influence, the air inlet pressure threshold can be appropriately increased to reduce unnecessary air supply; and under the part load condition and the like, the air inlet pressure threshold is reduced to supply air in time, effectively improve the water flow condition in the draft tube and improve the operating stability and efficiency of the hydraulic turbine.

[0054] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 4 The bottom end of the valve pressure seat 15 is provided with a sealing gasket 18, and the sealing gasket 18 is attached to the top end edge of the guide sliding sleeve 13.

[0055] In the embodiment, the sealing gasket 18 significantly improves the sealing performance of the air supply device; when air supply is not required, it can effectively prevent external air from leaking into the draft tube, ensure that the air supply device is accurately opened for air supply at the appropriate time, avoid insufficient air supply amount or inaccurate air supply time due to air leakage, thereby better improve the water flow condition in the draft tube, suppress the vortex zone phenomenon, and improve the operating stability and efficiency of the hydraulic turbine; the close attachment of the sealing gasket 18 to the top end edge of the guide sliding sleeve 13 can effectively prevent the water flow in the draft tube from flowing back into the inside of the air supply device; if the water flow flows back, not only the internal structure of the air supply device such as the valve stem 14 and the guide sliding sleeve 13 and the like will be damaged, but also the normal work of the air supply device will be affected, and even the entire hydraulic turbine system will be damaged; the presence of the sealing gasket 18 avoids such a situation, and ensures the safe operation of the air supply device and the hydraulic turbine; the good sealing performance can reduce the erosion and wear of the internal components of the air supply device by external dust, impurities and water flow in the draft tube; the sealing gasket 18 can block impurities from entering the mating surface between the valve pressure seat 15 and the guide sliding sleeve 13, prolong the service life of these components, reduce the failure rate of the air supply device, reduce the maintenance cost and downtime of the equipment, and improve the economy and reliability of the hydraulic turbine.

[0056] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 1 The left end of the valve body 11 is threadedly inserted with an adapter 19, a tapered thread is arranged on the outer side wall of the adapter 19, and the adapter 19 is used to be connected with the draft tube.

[0057] In the embodiment, the taper thread of the adapter 19 is designed with a thread angle and taper, so that the contact area between the threads gradually increases during rotation, and the sealing surface gradually fits closely, which can effectively prevent air leakage and water backflow. Compared with the ordinary straight thread, the taper thread connection can better adapt to the slight deviation during installation, form a more reliable seal, ensure the air and water tightness between the air supplement device and the draft tube, and ensure the air supplement effect and safe operation of the unit. The threaded plug-in connection between the adapter 19 and the valve body 11 forms a firm mechanical connection. During the operation of the air supplement device, the air supplement device will be subjected to certain external forces due to factors such as water flow impact and pressure change. The threaded connection can withstand a large axial force and radial force, preventing the adapter 19 and the valve body 11 from loosening or moving, ensuring that the air supplement device is always in a stable working state, and prolonging the service life of the device.

[0058] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 2 The switch assembly comprises:

[0059] The air inlet pipe body 21 is threadedly connected with the valve body 11 and communicates with each other, and the air inlet pipe body 21 is provided with an air inlet channel;

[0060] The switch pin 22 is rotatably arranged in the air inlet pipe body 21, and a switch air hole is arranged in communication on the switch pin 22, and the switch air hole and the air inlet channel are arranged on the same straight line;

[0061] In the embodiment, the switch assembly enables the operator to flexibly control the opening and closing of the air supplement device and the size of the air supplement according to the actual operating conditions of the water turbine. By rotating the switch pin 22 to adjust the relative position of the switch air hole and the air inlet channel, the device can be opened in time when air supplement is needed, and the device can be closed quickly when air supplement is not needed, thereby avoiding unnecessary air entering the draft tube and improving the adaptability and operating efficiency of the air supplement device, and better meeting the air supplement needs of the Francis turbine under different operating conditions. Since the air supplement time and the air supplement amount can be accurately controlled, the switch assembly helps to optimize the air flow conditions in the draft tube. Supplementing an appropriate amount of air at the right time can more effectively suppress the formation and development of water flow vortex, reduce pressure fluctuations and hydraulic vibrations in the draft tube, and improve the operating stability and safety of the water turbine. At the same time, a reasonable air supplement amount can also avoid problems such as increased cavitation erosion or energy loss caused by insufficient or excessive air supplement, thereby improving the operating efficiency and service life of the water turbine.

[0062] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 2 The switch pin 22 is provided with a handle at the outer end;

[0063] In the embodiment, the handle enables the operator to more conveniently and directly control the rotation of the switch pin 22; compared with directly operating the body of the switch pin 22, the handle provides a larger force application area and a more comfortable holding manner, and the operator can easily rotate the switch pin 22 by hand without the aid of special tools, thereby achieving control over the opening and closing of the air supplement device and the adjustment of the air supplement amount, greatly improving the convenience and efficiency of operation; due to the presence of the handle, the operator can more accurately control the size and direction of the rotational force applied to the switch pin 22, thereby more accurately adjusting the rotation angle of the switch pin 22; this enables the alignment degree of the switch air hole and the air inlet passage to be more finely controlled, thereby achieving accurate adjustment of the air supplement amount; in different working conditions, the appropriate air supplement amount can be provided according to the actual pressure demand in the draft tube, avoiding insufficient or excessive air supplement, and improving the air supplement effect and the operating stability of the hydraulic turbine.

[0064] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 2 The bottom of the air inlet pipe body 21 is provided with an internally threaded hole, and a maintenance cover 23 is arranged on the internally threaded hole at the bottom of the air inlet pipe body 21, for sealing the cooperation point of the air inlet pipe body 21 and the switch pin 22.

[0065] In the embodiment, the maintenance cover 23 effectively improves the sealing performance of the cooperation point of the air inlet pipe body 21 and the switch pin 22; during the operation of the hydraulic turbine, there may be some water vapor and pressure fluctuations in the draft tube, and if the cooperation point is not tightly sealed, air leakage or water flow backflow into the air inlet pipe body 21 may occur, affecting the air supplement effect and safe operation of the unit; the maintenance cover 23 can reliably prevent external substances from entering through the close cooperation with the internally threaded hole, ensuring the stability of the air flow in the air inlet passage and the normal operation of the air supplement device; when maintenance or repair of the switch assembly is required, the maintenance cover 23 can be conveniently removed, providing sufficient operating space for the operator; the operator does not need to disassemble the entire air supplement device on a large scale, but only needs to open the maintenance cover 23 to check, clean, replace, etc. the switch pin 22 and the surrounding components, greatly shortening the maintenance and repair time and improving the work efficiency.

[0066] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 2 A pin 24 is vertically arranged on the maintenance cover 23, the top end of the pin 24 is inserted and arranged at the bottom end center of the switch pin 22, a second spring 25 is sleeved on the pin 24, and the top end of the second spring 25 is attached to the bottom end of the switch pin 22.

[0067] In the embodiment, the second spring 25 provides stable support and reverse force for the switch pin 22, so that the rotation of the switch pin 22 is more stable and smooth when the operator rotates the handle to open, adjust or close the air supplement device, and the shaking and jamming of the switch pin 22 during the rotation are avoided, the accuracy and reliability of the operation are improved, and the accurate alignment or misalignment of the switch air hole and the air inlet is ensured, so that the accurate control of the air supplement amount and the normal opening and closing of the air supplement device are realized.

[0068] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so that: equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supplementing device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a water turbine tail water pipe air inlet device, including: A one-way air inlet mechanism is arranged in communication on a water turbine tail water pipe to introduce external air into the tail water pipe; A switch assembly is in communication with the one-way air inlet mechanism to control the opening and closing of the one-way air inlet mechanism; The one-way air inlet mechanism includes: A valve body is internally provided with an air passage; A dust filter plate is arranged at the air inlet of the valve body; A guide sliding sleeve is inserted into the valve body; A valve rod is slidably inserted into the guide sliding sleeve, the valve rod is cross-shaped in cross section, and the valve rod is provided with a guide column at the top end; A valve pressure seat is sleeved on the valve rod, and the bottom end of the valve pressure seat is in abutment with the top end edge of the guide sliding sleeve; A first spring is sleeved on the guide column at the top end of the valve rod, and the bottom end of the first spring is in abutment with the top end of the valve pressure seat; A top cover is threadedly covered on the valve body, and the top end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top cover.

2. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that The middle part of the valve rod is provided with external threads, the valve pressure seat is matched with the external threads of the middle part of the valve rod, and the height of the valve pressure seat is adjusted.

3. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom end of the valve pressure seat is provided with a sealing gasket, and the sealing gasket is in abutment with the top end edge of the guide sliding sleeve.

4. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that An adapter is threadedly inserted and arranged at the left end of the valve body, a tapered thread is arranged on the outer side wall of the adapter, and the adapter is used to connect with the tail water pipe.

5. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that The switch assembly includes: An air inlet pipe body is threadedly connected with the valve body and is in communication with each other, the air inlet pipe body is provided with an air inlet passage, A switch pin is rotatably arranged in the air inlet pipe body, a switch air hole is arranged in communication on the switch pin, and the switch air hole is arranged on the same straight line as the air inlet passage.

6. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 5, characterized in that A handle is arranged at the outer end of the switch pin.

7. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 5, characterized in that An inner threaded hole is arranged at the bottom of the air inlet pipe body, an inspection cover is threadedly covered on the inner threaded hole at the bottom of the air inlet pipe body, and the inspection cover is used to seal the joint of the air inlet pipe body and the switch pin.

8. A long-short blade hydraulic turbine air supply device according to claim 7, characterized in that A pin column is vertically arranged on the inspection cover, the pin column is inserted and arranged at the center of the bottom end of the switch pin, a second spring is sleeved on the pin column, and the top end of the second spring is in abutment with the bottom end of the switch pin.

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