Die for amorphous alloy die casting

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of amorphous alloy die-casting, in particular to an amorphous alloy die-casting die which comprises a die body, a cooling system, a temperature control system, a rapid demolding mechanism and a driving mechanism. The die body is used for forming amorphous alloy die castings, the cooling system comprises a cooling water jacket and a cooling channel, the temperature control system achieves accurate temperature control through a temperature sensor and a temperature control unit, the rapid demolding mechanism achieves rapid demolding through an ejection device and a guide mechanism, and an electric push rod is adopted as the driving mechanism. The problems that in the prior art, a mold is complex in design, uneven in cooling speed, tedious in demolding process and the like can be effectively solved, and the die-casting forming quality and the production efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of die casting mold technology, specifically a mold for die casting amorphous alloys. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of amorphous alloy die casting technology, various die casting molds have been widely used. However, these products still have some problems in practical use. For example, although the amorphous alloy die casting molds currently on the market can achieve a certain degree of die casting, there are still many shortcomings in mold design, cooling rate, and production efficiency, resulting in limited room for improvement in product quality and production efficiency.

[0003] A search revealed patent CN111112579B (published on July 15, 2022) which discloses an apparatus, method, and amorphous alloy vacuum die casting process for amorphous alloys. The apparatus includes a vacuum die casting machine and a mold, which comprises a fixed mold, a moving mold, and an extrusion mold. This design utilizes the mold to perform amorphous vacuum die casting and hot pressing on the same vacuum die casting machine, improving production efficiency and reducing defects. However, the design involves a complex internal mold structure, increasing manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty. Furthermore, the design does not detail how to ensure uniform temperature distribution within the mold while achieving efficient cooling, which may lead to increased internal stress and deformation in the product during actual production.

[0004] Furthermore, patent CN108927503B (published on June 19, 2020) discloses a method for forming an amorphous alloy, a die-casting mold, and a method for die-casting an amorphous alloy. This method improves the quality of the amorphous alloy by controlling the cooling temperature of the amorphous melt to achieve different cooling rates on its two surfaces. However, this design primarily focuses on controlling the cooling rate, while neglecting optimization of the mold structure itself. Specifically, the design does not detail how to ensure the uniformity and stability of the internal temperature of the mold while maintaining the cooling rate, which may lead to inconsistent product quality and reduced production efficiency. Additionally, the design is insufficient in terms of ease of demolding, increasing production costs and the labor intensity of workers.

[0005] The aforementioned problems indicate that there is still room for improvement in the structural design, cooling rate control, and production efficiency of current amorphous alloy die-casting molds on the market. Therefore, this invention provides a mold for amorphous alloy die casting that improves cooling efficiency and temperature uniformity by optimizing the mold structure design, while simplifying the demolding process, thereby enhancing production efficiency and product quality, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0006] This invention provides a mold for die casting of amorphous alloys, which can effectively solve the problems of complex mold design, uneven cooling rate and cumbersome demolding process in the prior art, thereby improving the quality and production efficiency of die casting.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A die for die casting an amorphous alloy, comprising:

[0009] The mold body is used to form amorphous alloy die castings;

[0010] The cooling system includes a cooling water jacket arranged on the outside of the mold body and a cooling channel arranged inside the mold body, wherein the cooling channel is connected to the cooling water jacket to form a cooling cycle.

[0011] The temperature control system includes a temperature sensor arranged inside the mold body and a temperature control unit connected to the temperature sensor. The temperature control unit can adjust the flow rate and temperature of the cooling water according to the feedback from the temperature sensor. The quick demolding mechanism includes an ejection device arranged at the bottom of the mold body and an ejection guide mechanism arranged on both sides of the mold body.

[0012] The drive mechanism is used to drive the rapid demolding mechanism.

[0013] The drive mechanism uses an electric push rod, one end of which is fixed to the mold body and the other end is connected to the ejection device. The up and down movement of the ejection device is achieved by the extension and retraction of the electric push rod.

[0014] Preferably, the mold body includes:

[0015] A mold is used to fix the shape of amorphous alloy die-cast parts.

[0016] The moving mold, used in conjunction with the fixed mold, can be opened and closed to achieve the opening and closing of the mold;

[0017] The injection port is located at the upper end of the mold body for injecting amorphous alloy melt;

[0018] Vent holes are located at the top of the mold body to expel air from inside the mold;

[0019] The mold body is made of high-strength heat-resistant alloy steel, which can withstand high temperature and high pressure.

[0020] Preferably, the cooling channel includes:

[0021] External cooling channels are arranged on the outer surface of the mold body;

[0022] The internal cooling channel runs through the mold body and is connected to the external cooling channel.

[0023] The cooling channel has a rectangular cross-section, which improves cooling efficiency.

[0024] Preferably, the ejection device includes:

[0025] Ejector plate, located at the bottom of the mold body, is used to eject the die-casting part;

[0026] The ejector rod, connected to the ejector plate, is used to transmit power to the electric push rod;

[0027] There are multiple ejector rods, which are evenly distributed on the ejector plate.

[0028] Preferably, the ejection guide mechanism includes:

[0029] Guide rods are arranged on both sides of the mold body to guide the movement of the ejector plate;

[0030] The guide groove is located on the inner wall of the mold body and is used in conjunction with the guide rod.

[0031] The number of guide rods is four, which are respectively arranged at the four corners of the mold body.

[0032] Preferably, the temperature control unit includes:

[0033] The controller, connected to the temperature sensor, is used to receive and process temperature signals.

[0034] A cooling pump, connected to a controller, is used to regulate the flow rate of cooling water;

[0035] A heater, connected to a controller, is used to regulate the temperature of the cooling water;

[0036] The controller can adjust the working status of the cooling pump and heater based on the feedback from the temperature sensor, thereby achieving precise control of the internal temperature of the mold.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0038] (1) By arranging cooling water jackets and cooling channels on the outside and inside of the mold body, the mold can be cooled efficiently, ensuring a uniform temperature distribution inside the mold, reducing internal stress and deformation of the product, and improving product quality.

[0039] (2) By setting up a temperature control system, the temperature change inside the mold can be monitored in real time, and the temperature can be precisely controlled by adjusting the flow rate and temperature of the cooling water, thus ensuring the stability and consistency of the production process.

[0040] (3) By arranging a quick demolding mechanism, the die casting can be quickly ejected from the mold after the die casting is completed, which simplifies the demolding process, improves production efficiency, and reduces the labor intensity of workers.

[0041] (4) By optimizing the mold structure design, the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of the mold are reduced, the production efficiency and product quality are improved, and it has high practicality and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 1 This shows the positional relationship between the mold body, cooling water jacket, and injection port;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 This shows the fit between the moving mold and the fixed mold, as well as the arrangement of the cooling channels;

[0044] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the ejector device in its transparent state shows the detailed structure of the ejector plate and ejector rod;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism of this utility model, showing the connection relationship between the electric push rod and the ejection device.

[0046] In the diagram, 1. Mold body; 2. Cooling water jacket; 3. Cooling channel; 8. Ejection device; 10. Ejection guide mechanism; 16. Electric push rod; 6. Fixed mold; 7. Moving mold; 4. Injection port; 5. Vent hole; 31. External cooling channel; 32. Internal cooling channel; 81. Ejection plate; 82. Ejection rod; 101. Guide rod; 102. Guide groove; 14. Cooling pump; 15. Heater. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0048] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] This invention provides a die for die casting amorphous alloys. Its structural design and functional optimization effectively solve problems in existing technologies such as complex die design, uneven cooling rate, and cumbersome demolding process, thereby improving the quality and production efficiency of die casting. The specific embodiments of this invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the amorphous alloy die-casting mold of this utility model mainly includes a mold body 1, a cooling system, a temperature control system, a quick demolding mechanism, and a drive mechanism. The mold body 1 is used to form amorphous alloy die-cast parts. Its material is high-strength heat-resistant alloy steel, which has excellent high-temperature and high-pressure resistance, ensuring the mold's service life and reliability. A cooling water jacket 2 is arranged on the outer side of the mold body 1. The cooling water jacket 2 is connected to the cooling channel 3 of the mold body 1 to form a cooling cycle, effectively improving the mold's cooling efficiency. An inlet 4 is arranged at the upper end of the mold body 1 for injecting molten amorphous alloy. An vent 5 is arranged at the top of the mold body 1 for venting air from the mold, ensuring the smooth progress of the die-casting process.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, the mold body 1 consists of a fixed mold 6 and a moving mold 7. The fixed mold 6 fixes the shape of the amorphous alloy die-casting part, and the moving mold 7 works in conjunction with the fixed mold 6, allowing it to open and close to achieve the opening and closing of the mold. In the cooperation between the moving mold 7 and the fixed mold 6, the moving mold 7 is connected through the moving part of the die-casting machine, enabling it to open and close under the drive of the die-casting machine. Cooling channels 3 are arranged throughout the mold body 1, including an outer cooling channel 31 and an inner cooling channel 32. The outer cooling channel 31 is arranged on the outer surface of the mold body 1, and the inner cooling channel 32 is arranged throughout the mold body 1 and communicates with the outer cooling channel 31, forming a complete cooling circulation system. The cross-section of the cooling channels 3 is rectangular. The rectangular cross-section design increases the contact area between the cooling water and the inner surface of the mold, improving cooling efficiency. In addition, the number and position of the cooling channels 3 can be optimized according to the shape and size of the actual product to ensure uniform cooling speed in all parts of the mold and reduce internal stress and deformation of the product.

[0053] The temperature control system includes a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) and a temperature control unit. The temperature sensor is located inside the mold body 1 and can monitor temperature changes at different locations inside the mold in real time. The temperature control unit is connected to the temperature sensor and, by receiving feedback signals from the temperature sensor, adjusts the flow rate and temperature of the cooling water to achieve precise temperature control inside the mold. Specifically, the temperature control unit includes a controller, a cooling pump 14, and a heater 15. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor and is used to receive and process temperature signals. The cooling pump 14 is connected to the controller and is used to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water, thereby controlling the cooling rate of the mold. The heater 15 is also connected to the controller and is used to heat the cooling water when necessary to ensure a uniform temperature distribution inside the mold. In practical applications, the temperature control unit can automatically adjust the operating states of the cooling pump 14 and the heater 15 based on the feedback from the temperature sensor, achieving dynamic temperature balance inside the mold and ensuring the stability and consistency of the production process.

[0054] like Figure 3As shown, the rapid demolding mechanism includes an ejection device 8 and an ejection guide mechanism 10. The ejection device 8 is located at the bottom of the mold body 1 and is used to eject the die-cast part from the mold after die casting is completed. The ejection device 8 includes an ejection plate 81 and ejection rods 82. The ejection plate 81 is arranged at the bottom of the mold body 1 and is used to directly eject the die-cast part. The ejection rods 82 are connected to the ejection plate 81 and are used to transmit the power of the electric push rod 16 to realize the up-and-down movement of the ejection plate 81. There are multiple ejection rods 82, evenly distributed on the ejection plate 81, to ensure the uniformity and reliability of the ejection process. The ejection guide mechanism 10 includes guide rods 101 and guide grooves 102. The guide rods 101 are arranged on both sides of the mold body 1 to guide the movement of the ejection plate 81. The guide grooves 102 are arranged on the inner wall of the mold body 1 and work in conjunction with the guide rods 101 to ensure the stability and accuracy of the ejection plate 81 during movement. There are four guide rods 101, which are arranged at the four corners of the mold body 1 to form a stable guide system, preventing the ejector plate 81 from shifting or getting stuck during the movement.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the drive mechanism uses an electric push rod 16, one end of which is fixed to the mold body 1, and the other end is connected to the ejector plate 81 of the ejection device 8. The electric push rod 16 moves the ejector plate 81 up and down through its telescopic motion, thereby completing the demolding of the die-cast part. The power source of the electric push rod 16 is usually a DC motor or an AC motor. The start, stop, and speed of the motor are controlled by a controller signal to ensure a smooth and controllable ejection process. In practical applications, the electric push rod 16 can be configured with appropriate thrust and stroke according to the size and weight of the die-cast part to meet the demolding requirements of different products. In addition, the control method of the electric push rod 16 can be manual, automatic, or semi-automatic, which can be flexibly selected according to the actual production situation.

[0056] In the specific die-casting process, the molten amorphous alloy is first injected into the mold body 1 through injection port 4. A sealing device is installed at injection port 4 to ensure that the melt does not leak during the injection process. The diameter and position of injection port 4 can be optimized according to the shape and size of the actual product to ensure that the melt can be evenly distributed to all parts of the mold. Injection port 4 is connected to a high-pressure injection device, which injects the melt into the mold at extremely high pressure and speed, ensuring a fast and complete filling process.

[0057] After the molten metal is injected into the mold, the vent holes 5 function to promptly expel air from the mold, preventing the formation of bubbles and porosity, and ensuring the quality of the die-cast parts. The number and location of the vent holes 5 are also optimized according to the shape and size of the actual product to ensure effective venting without interfering with the use of the injection port 4. The vent holes 5 are usually connected to an venting pipeline, which directs the discharged gas to a safe location to avoid pollution of the production environment.

[0058] Next, the cooling system begins operation, efficiently cooling the mold through the cooling water jacket 2 and cooling channels 3. Cooling water enters from one end of the cooling water jacket 2 via the cooling pump 14, transfers heat through the outer cooling channel 31, then enters the inner cooling channel 32, and finally exits from the other end of the cooling water jacket 2, forming a complete cooling cycle. The layout of the cooling channels 32 is optimized based on the temperature distribution of the mold's inner surface, ensuring uniform cooling rates across all parts. During the operation of the cooling system, the flow rate of the cooling pump 14 is dynamically adjusted by the controller based on feedback signals from a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), ensuring that the mold's cooling rate matches the product's cooling requirements. During the cooling process, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature changes inside the mold in real time, transmitting the temperature signal to the controller. The controller adjusts the flow rate of the cooling pump 14 according to the set temperature value, thereby achieving precise control of the mold temperature.

[0059] When the temperature inside the mold reaches the set value, heater 15 starts to appropriately heat the cooling water, preventing the amorphous alloy melt from solidifying too quickly due to excessively low mold temperature, which would affect the molding quality of the product. The start-up time and heating power of heater 15 are dynamically adjusted by the controller based on feedback signals from the temperature sensor, ensuring the stability and consistency of the temperature inside the mold. In actual production, the precise control of the temperature control system can significantly improve the quality of die-cast parts, reduce the generation of defective products, and increase production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0060] After the die-cast part cools and solidifies, the rapid demolding mechanism begins to operate. The drive mechanism 16, controlled by a controller signal, activates the electric push rod 16, which then extends and retracts, ejecting the ejector plate 81 upwards from the bottom of the mold. As the ejector plate 81 moves upwards, the ejector rod 82 moves accordingly, ejecting the die-cast part from the mold. The guide rod 101 and guide groove 102 of the ejection guide mechanism 10 ensure smooth and accurate movement of the ejector plate 81, preventing offset or jamming during ejection. The shape and size of the ejector plate 81 are designed according to the actual shape and size of the product to ensure support for the die-cast part during ejection, preventing deformation or damage. Furthermore, the surface of the ejector plate 81 is provided with anti-slip textures, increasing friction during ejection and further improving the reliability of demolding.

[0061] After the ejector plate 81 ejects the die-cast part, the moving mold 7 separates from the fixed mold 6, and the die-cast part is completely removed from the mold. The separation of the moving mold 7 from the fixed mold 6 is accomplished by the moving part of the die-casting machine. During the separation process, the moving mold 7 is connected to the fixed mold 6 via the moving part of the die-casting machine, ensuring a smooth and accurate separation process. After separation, the moving part of the die-casting machine drives the moving mold 7 to reset, preparing for the next die-casting. During the reset process, the cooling system continues to operate, ensuring that the temperature inside the mold returns to the set value, providing favorable conditions for the next die-casting.

[0062] During the mold manufacturing process, the mold body 1 is made of high-strength heat-resistant alloy steel, possessing excellent high-temperature and high-pressure resistance. The manufacturing process of the mold body 1 typically includes precision casting, machining, and surface treatment. Precision casting ensures the basic shape and dimensional accuracy of the mold body 1, while machining further improves the smoothness and precision of the mold's inner surface. Surface treatment includes surface polishing and coating, improving the mold's surface quality and corrosion resistance. The internal cooling channels 3 of the mold body 1 are manufactured using precision drilling and machining techniques, ensuring the precise position and dimensions of the cooling channels 3. The cooling water jacket 2 is fixed to the outside of the mold body 1 by welding or mechanical connection, forming a closed cooling water circulation system.

[0063] The temperature control system's controller employs a high-performance microprocessor, possessing powerful data processing and control capabilities. The controller monitors real-time temperature changes inside the mold using a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), processes the temperature signals, and sends control commands to the cooling pump 14 and heater 15. The cooling pump 14 adjusts the cooling water flow rate according to the control commands, and the heater 15 adjusts the cooling water temperature accordingly. The controller also features fault detection and alarm functions, promptly issuing alerts in case of abnormal temperatures to ensure production safety. Furthermore, the controller can be remotely monitored and controlled via network connection, improving the convenience and efficiency of production management.

[0064] The electric push rod 16 of the rapid demolding mechanism adopts a high-performance electric motor and mechanical transmission structure, possessing excellent stability and thrust. The extension speed and stroke of the electric push rod 16 can be adjusted according to the actual product processing requirements, ensuring a fast and reliable demolding process. The ejector plate 81 and ejector rod 82 of the ejection device 8 are made of high-strength alloy material, possessing excellent wear resistance and heat resistance. The guide rod 101 and guide groove 102 of the ejection guide mechanism 10 are manufactured using precision machining technology, ensuring the fitting accuracy of the guide rod 101 and guide groove 102. There are four guide rods 101, respectively arranged at the four corners of the mold body 1, forming a stable guiding system to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the ejector plate 81 during movement.

[0065] In summary, the amorphous alloy die-casting mold of this invention effectively solves various problems in the prior art by optimizing the mold structure design, improving the cooling and temperature control systems, and setting up a rapid demolding mechanism. The efficient cooling system ensures uniform temperature distribution inside the mold, reducing internal stress and deformation of the product and improving product quality. The temperature control system monitors temperature changes inside the mold in real time and achieves precise temperature control by adjusting the flow rate and temperature of the cooling water, ensuring the stability and consistency of the production process. The rapid demolding mechanism can quickly eject the die-casting part from the mold after die casting, simplifying the demolding process, improving production efficiency, and reducing the labor intensity of workers. At the same time, the optimized mold structure design reduces mold manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulty, improves production efficiency and product quality, and has high practicality and economic benefits. This invention performs excellently in practical applications, is suitable for the production of various amorphous alloy die-casting parts, and has broad application prospects and market value.

[0066] It should be noted that all electrical components mentioned in this article are connected to an external main controller and 220V AC mains power. The main controller can be a conventional known device that can be controlled by a computer or other means. The detailed description of known functions and known components is omitted in the specific implementation of this disclosure. In order to ensure the compatibility of the device, the operating methods used are consistent with the parameters of commercially available instruments.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A mold for die casting amorphous alloys, characterized in that, include: Mold body (1), used for forming amorphous alloy die castings; The cooling system includes a cooling water jacket (2) arranged on the outside of the mold body (1) and a cooling channel (3) arranged inside the mold body (1), wherein the cooling channel (3) is connected to the cooling water jacket (2) to form a cooling cycle; The temperature control system includes a temperature sensor arranged in the mold body (1) and a temperature control unit connected to the temperature sensor. The temperature control unit can adjust the flow rate and temperature of the cooling water according to the feedback of the temperature sensor. The quick demolding mechanism includes an ejection device (8) disposed at the bottom of the mold body (1) and an ejection guide mechanism (10) arranged on both sides of the mold body (1); The drive mechanism is used to drive the rapid demolding mechanism. The drive mechanism uses an electric push rod (16), one end of which is fixed on the mold body (1) and the other end is connected to the ejection device (8). The ejection device (8) moves up and down by the extension and retraction of the electric push rod (16).

2. The die for die casting amorphous alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mold body (1) includes: Fixed mold (6) is used to fix the shape of the amorphous alloy die casting; The moving mold (7) is used in conjunction with the fixed mold (6) and can be opened and closed to realize the opening and closing of the mold; Inlet (4) is located at the upper end of the mold body (1) for injecting amorphous alloy melt; Vent hole (5) is arranged on the top of mold body (1) to discharge air inside the mold.

3. The die for die casting amorphous alloys according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mold body (1) is made of high-strength heat-resistant alloy steel.

4. The die for die casting amorphous alloys according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling channel (3) includes: An external cooling channel (31) is arranged on the outer surface of the mold body (1); An internal cooling channel (32) is arranged through the mold body (1) and communicates with the external cooling channel (31); The cross-section of the cooling channel (3) is rectangular.

5. The die for die casting amorphous alloys according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ejection device (8) includes: Ejector plate (81) is arranged at the bottom of mold body (1) for ejecting die castings; The ejector rod (82) is connected to the ejector plate (81) and is used to transmit the power of the electric push rod (16); The number of ejector rods (82) is multiple, and they are evenly distributed on the ejector plate (81).

6. The die for die casting amorphous alloys according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ejection guide mechanism (10) includes: Guide rods (101) are arranged on both sides of the mold body (1) to guide the movement of the ejector plate (81); The guide groove (102) is arranged on the inner wall of the mold body (1) and is used in conjunction with the guide rod (101); there are four guide rods (101), which are respectively arranged at the four corners of the mold body (1).

7. The die for die casting amorphous alloys according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature control unit includes: The controller, connected to the temperature sensor, is used to receive and process temperature signals. A cooling pump (14), connected to a controller, is used to regulate the flow rate of cooling water; The heater (15) is connected to the controller and is used to regulate the temperature of the cooling water.

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