Extrusion device, 3D printing head and 3D printing equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to an extrusion device, a 3D printing head and 3D printing equipment. Wherein the extrusion device comprises a first driving device, at least one driving wheel driven by the first driving device, at least two driven wheels arranged on the peripheral side of the driving wheel, and at least two material conveying channels; the conveying channel is located between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and the center connecting line between the driving wheel and the driven wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the conveying channel. The design ensures that the conveying direction of the consumables is consistent with the axial direction of the conveying channel, so that the consumables cannot be bent and twisted unnecessarily in the flowing process, friction and flowing resistance can be reduced, and the problem of accumulation or retention of the consumables caused by direction change is avoided.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and in particular to an extrusion device, a 3D print head, and a 3D printing equipment. [Background Technology]

[0002] 3D printing technology, as an advanced manufacturing technology that creates three-dimensional objects by stacking materials layer by layer, has been widely used in industries, medicine, construction and other fields in recent years.

[0003] However, despite continuous technological advancements, some unresolved technical issues remain, particularly in the design and application of multi-channel extrusion systems. In multi-channel extrusion, the channel axis at the lower end of the extruder nozzle typically requires a certain degree of bending to facilitate filament flow. However, this design increases resistance during extrusion and retraction. When the channel axis bends inward, the material flow path becomes more complex, easily leading to problems such as unstable extrusion, decreased printing accuracy, and difficulty in retraction. Therefore, optimizing the multi-channel extrusion structure, reducing extrusion and retraction resistance, improving printing quality, and mitigating the risk of nozzle clogging remain key challenges that urgently need to be addressed in current 3D printing technology. [Utility Model Content]

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this utility model provides an extrusion device, a 3D printing head, and a 3D printing equipment.

[0005] Firstly, this utility model provides an extrusion device.

[0006] For conveying consumables, it includes a first driving device, at least one driving wheel driven by the first driving device, at least two driven wheels disposed around the periphery of the driving wheel, and at least two conveying channels; the conveying channels are located between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and the conveying channels include an upper channel disposed above the driving wheel and the driven wheel and a lower channel disposed below the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and the upper channel and the lower channel are connected and arranged at an angle, and the center line connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lower channel.

[0007] In one feasible implementation, the angle between the axial direction of the upper channel and the axial direction of the lower channel ranges from 135° to 180°.

[0008] In one feasible implementation, the upper channel has a first notch that matches the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and the lower channel has a second notch that matches the driving wheel and the driven wheel.

[0009] In one feasible implementation, a damping ring is provided in the upper channel, and the inner diameter of the damping ring is at least partially smaller than the diameter of the consumable.

[0010] In one feasible embodiment, the extrusion device further includes a second drive device, a gear cam driven by the second drive device, and at least two swing arms; the gear cam can select one of the swing arms from the at least two swing arms for drive, and the selected swing arm is the target swing arm; the driven wheel is disposed at the end of the swing arm away from the gear cam, and the second drive device drives the gear cam, so that the gear cam drives the target swing arm, causing the driven wheel on the target swing arm to move closer to or away from the driving wheel.

[0011] In one feasible embodiment, the extrusion device further includes a housing with a fixed shaft on it, and the swing arm includes an arm body and an elastic element. The arm body is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft, and the elastic element is sleeved on the fixed shaft and connected to the housing and the arm body respectively.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the gear shift cam includes a drive shaft and at least one protrusion disposed on the drive shaft. The drive shaft is connected to the second drive device, and the arm body is provided with an abutment portion. The protrusion abuts against the abutment portion of the target swing arm, pushing the abutment portion away from the gear shift cam, so that the driven wheel on the target swing arm approaches the driving wheel.

[0013] In one feasible implementation, the extrusion device includes at least two coaxially arranged drive wheels, and the protrusions are distributed on at least two planes, with at least one protrusion on each plane.

[0014] Secondly, this utility model also provides a 3D printing head, including the extrusion device described above, and further including a throat and a nozzle. One end of the throat is connected to the material feeding channel, and the other end is connected to the nozzle. The throat includes an upper throat and a lower throat, and the inner diameter of the upper throat is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower throat to form an inverted portion.

[0015] Thirdly, this utility model also provides a 3D printing device, including the extrusion device described above.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the extrusion device, 3D print head and 3D printing equipment provided by this utility model have the following advantages:

[0017] The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the invention has a center line connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel perpendicular to the axial direction of the material conveying channel. This significantly reduces the impact of bending and twisting of the conveying path on the consumable during its movement, reducing friction and flow resistance, and preventing accumulation or retention of the consumable due to changes in direction, thus ensuring a more stable extrusion process. This design also makes the retraction operation smoother, reducing retraction resistance caused by the inconsistency between the retraction direction and the material conveying channel, avoiding excessive material residue, thereby reducing dripping and stringing, and improving print quality. [Attached Image Description]

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view of the internal structure of the extrusion device provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the extrusion device provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional separation diagram of the material conveying channel of the extrusion device provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the extrusion device provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the feeding channel of the extrusion device provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the extrusion device without a material conveying channel provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of B in the middle.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the extrusion device provided in the first embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 10This is a front view of the 3D printing head provided in the second embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the 3D printing head provided in the second embodiment of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A magnified view of C.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of the 3D printing equipment provided in the third embodiment of this utility model.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0033] 1. Extrusion device; 2. 3D print head; 3. 3D printing equipment;

[0034] 10. First drive unit; 11. Drive wheel; 12. Driven wheel; 13. Material conveying channel; 15. Damping ring; 16. Second drive unit; 17. Gear cam; 18. Swing arm; 19. Housing; 20. Throat; 21. Nozzle; 22. Heating block; 23. Heat sink; 24. Collection channel;

[0035] 130. Upper channel; 131. Lower channel; 132. First notch; 133. Second notch; 170. Drive shaft; 171. Protrusion; 180. Fixed shaft; 181. Arm body; 182. Elastic element; 183. Abutting part; 200. Inverted part.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model.

[0037] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0038] In this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this invention and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0039] Furthermore, in addition to indicating direction or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] Please combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first embodiment of this utility model provides an extrusion device 1 for extruding and retracting consumables. The extrusion device 1 includes a first driving device 10, at least one driving wheel 11 driven by the first driving device 10, at least two driven wheels 12 disposed around the driving wheel 11, and at least two material conveying channels 13 located between the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheels 12.

[0042] Understandably, the extrusion device 1 has at least two feeding channels 13 for multi-color printing or multi-material printing. The feeding channel 13 passes between the drive wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, so that the consumables transported in the feeding channel 13 can be extruded or drawn back by the drive wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12. Specifically, the first drive device 10 drives the drive wheel 11 to rotate and push the consumables. The driven wheel 12 cooperates with the drive wheel 11 to clamp the consumables. At the same time, the driven wheel 12 is driven to rotate, so as to achieve smooth transport of the consumables.

[0043] Understandably, the first drive device 10 can control the rotation direction of the drive wheel 11, thereby enabling the extrusion or retraction of consumables within the material conveying channel 13.

[0044] Please combine further Figure 3The center line connecting the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown, A1-A1) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the conveying channel 13 (e.g., Figure 3 (as shown in Z1-Z1).

[0045] Understandably, this design ensures that the filament transport direction is consistent with the axial direction of the feed channel 13. This prevents unnecessary bending and twisting of the filament during transport, reduces friction and flow resistance, and avoids accumulation or retention of the filament due to changes in direction, ensuring a more stable extrusion process. It also makes the retraction operation smoother, reducing retraction resistance caused by the misalignment of the filament retraction direction with the feed channel 13, avoiding excessive material residue, and thus reducing dripping and stringing, improving print quality.

[0046] Understandably, the center line connecting the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the material conveying channel 13. This perpendicularity can be approximately perpendicular, and is not limited to the scope of this embodiment due to process errors.

[0047] Understandably, the material conveying channel 13 should have matching slots for the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, so that the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 can contact the consumables in the material conveying channel 13 from the slots to realize the transmission of consumables.

[0048] Optionally, when the driving wheel 11 and driven wheel 12 are performing extrusion or retraction of the consumable, the distance between them is 1.2mm-1.3mm. In their natural state, i.e., when no extrusion or retraction of the consumable is required, the distance between them is not less than 1.8mm, such as 1.8mm or 2mm.

[0049] Understandably, in this embodiment, the distance between the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 is not specifically limited, and the distance between the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 can be adjusted according to the diameter of the consumable material actually used.

[0050] Understandably, this embodiment does not limit the specific structure, shape and size of the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, and different driving wheels 11 and driven wheels 12 can be set according to the extrusion effect.

[0051] Understandably, this embodiment does not specifically limit the size, shape, or layout of the material conveying channel 13. Optionally, the inner diameter of the material conveying channel 13 is in the range of 2.0mm-2.5mm.

[0052] Please combine further Figure 4 and Figure 5The material conveying channel 13 includes an upper channel 130 disposed above the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, and a lower channel 131 disposed below the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12. The upper channel 130 and the lower channel 131 are arranged at an angle. The center line connecting the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 (e.g., Figure 5 As shown, A2-A2) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lower channel 131 (e.g., Figure 5 (as shown in Z2-Z2).

[0053] Understandably, the extrusion device 1 has multiple material conveying channels 13, and the upper channel 130 and the lower channel 131 of the material conveying channels 13 are set at an angle, which can optimize the internal layout of the extrusion device 1 and make the internal structure more compact.

[0054] Understandably, the material conveying channels 13 are separated into upper channel 130 and lower channel 131, which makes the assembly process simpler and clearer, reduces the likelihood of interference during assembly, and decreases the possibility of installation errors.

[0055] The upper channel 130 and the lower channel 131 are set at an angle. If the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 are arranged in the traditional horizontal manner, so that the extrusion direction of the consumable is vertically downward, this will cause the extrusion direction of the consumable to be inconsistent with the transmission direction of the lower channel 131, which will increase the resistance of the extrusion and retraction of the consumable and easily cause the extrusion device to be blocked.

[0056] In this embodiment, the center line connecting the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lower channel 131. This design ensures that the extrusion direction of the consumable is consistent with the direction in which the consumable is transported by the lower channel 131. This prevents the consumable from being subjected to unnecessary bending and twisting during transport, reduces friction and flow resistance, avoids accumulation or retention of the consumable due to changes in direction, ensures a more stable extrusion process, and prevents congestion of the consumable in the channel.

[0057] Optionally, the upper channels 130 are all vertically arranged, while the lower channels 131 are inclined inward to facilitate the guidance of consumables to the heating area.

[0058] Understandably, in this embodiment, the angle range between the axial direction of the upper channel 130 and the axial direction of the lower channel 131 is not specifically limited. The upper channel 130 and the lower channel 131 of each conveying channel 13 can be configured in the same way or in different ways.

[0059] Optionally, the angle between the axial direction of the upper channel 130 and the axial direction of the lower channel 131 ranges from 135° to 180°.

[0060] Optionally, the upper channel 130 has a first notch 132 that matches the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, and the lower channel 131 has a second notch 133 that matches the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12.

[0061] Understandably, the first notch 132 and the second notch 133 are provided corresponding to the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 to ensure that the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 can extend into the conveying channel 13 through the first notch 132 and the second notch 133, providing space for the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel to cooperate in contacting and conveying consumables. Furthermore, the first notch 132 and the second notch 133 are both matched with the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12. That is, when the upper channel 130 and the lower channel 131 are connected, the first notch 132 and the second notch 133 can enclose and form an opening that matches the outer contour shape of the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, so that the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 can fit against the outer wall of the conveying channel 13 and extend into its interior, thereby clamping the consumables and avoiding gaps that would cause the consumables to deviate from the conveying channel 13 and fail to be conveyed smoothly.

[0062] In this embodiment, the specific shapes of the first notch 132 and the second notch 133 are not limited. Optionally, both the first notch 132 and the second notch 133 are arc-shaped notches that match the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12, so that the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 can better fit against the outer wall of the material conveying channel 13 and extend into its interior, thereby better cooperating with the upper channel 130 and the lower channel 131, and extruding and retracting consumables more smoothly.

[0063] Please combine further Figure 6 A damping ring 15 is provided inside the upper channel 130, and the inner diameter of the damping ring 15 is at least partially smaller than the diameter of the consumable.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper channel 130 includes two parts connected by a damping ring 15, with the two ends of the damping ring 15 respectively sleeved and connected to the two parts of the upper channel 130.

[0065] Understandably, the damping ring 15 is hollow and communicates with the upper channel 130, and at least part of the aperture of the damping ring 15 is smaller than the diameter of the consumable. When the consumable within the upper channel 130 is not in use for transmission, the damping ring 15 is used to stabilize and protect the consumable, preventing it from shifting due to vibration or external forces.

[0066] Optionally, the damping ring 15 is made of an elastic material such as rubber to stabilize and protect the consumables through its soft material properties.

[0067] Please combine Figure 2 and Figure 7The extrusion device 1 also includes a second drive device 16, a gear shift cam 17 driven by the second drive device 16, and at least two swing arms 18. The gear shift cam 17 can select one of the at least two swing arms 18 for drive, and the selected swing arm 18 is the target swing arm; the driven wheel 12 is located at the end of the swing arm 18 away from the gear shift cam 17. The second drive device 16 drives the gear shift cam 17, so that the gear shift cam 17 drives the target swing arm, causing the driven wheel 12 on the target swing arm to move closer to or away from the driving wheel 11.

[0068] Understandably, the cooperation between the gear shift cam 17 and the swing arm 18 allows any one of the swing arms 18 to drive its driven wheel 12 closer to or further away from the driving wheel 11, thereby adjusting the distance between the driving wheel 11 and any one of the driven wheels 12. This enables the feeding control of multiple material conveying channels 13 to meet the printing needs of different materials and colors, achieve different levels of printing effects, and improve printing flexibility.

[0069] Optionally, the extrusion device 1 further includes a housing 19, on which a fixed shaft 180 is provided. The swing arm 18 includes an arm body 181 and an elastic element 182. The arm body 181 is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft 180, and the elastic element 182 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 180 and connected to the housing 19 and the arm body 181 respectively.

[0070] Please combine further Figure 8 The gear shift cam 17 includes a drive shaft 170 and at least one protrusion 171 disposed on the drive shaft 170. The drive shaft 170 is connected to the second drive device 16. An abutment portion 183 is disposed on the arm body 181. The protrusion 171 abuts against the abutment portion 183 of the target swing arm, pushing the abutment portion 183 away from the gear shift cam 17, so that the driven wheel 12 on the target swing arm is close to the driving wheel 11.

[0071] Understandably, one end of the arm body 181 is provided with an abutment portion 183 for abutting against the gear shift cam 17, and the other end is provided with a driven wheel 12. The arm body 181 is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft 180. The gear shift cam 17 drives the swing arm 18, specifically by the protrusion 171 abutting against and pushing the abutment portion 183, causing the arm body 181 to rotate around the fixed shaft 180, forming a lever, thereby causing the driven wheel 12 to move closer to or away from the driving wheel 11.

[0072] Understandably, when the gear shift cam 17 drives the arm body 181 to rotate around the fixed shaft 180, it will compress or twist the elastic element 182. When the protrusion 171 does not abut against the abutment 183, the elastic element 182 will generate a restoring force, so that the swing arm 18 can automatically return to the state of abutting against the drive shaft 170, that is, the distance between the driving wheel 11 and the driven wheel 12 can automatically return to the original state, realizing the extrusion switching of consumables.

[0073] Optionally, the elastic element 182 is a torsion spring, with the main body of the torsion spring sleeved on the fixed shaft 180, and the torsion arms at both ends fixedly connected to the arm body 181 and the housing 19, respectively. The elastic element 182 can also be a spring, a sheet spring, elastic silicone, etc.

[0074] Understandably, in this embodiment, the specific shapes of the protrusion 171 and the abutment 183 are not limited, as long as the protrusion 171 can push the abutment 183 away from the gear cam 17.

[0075] Optionally, the extrusion device 1 includes at least two coaxially arranged drive wheels 11, and protrusions 171 are distributed on at least two planes, with at least one protrusion 171 provided on each plane.

[0076] Understandably, by setting at least two drive wheels 11, the number of driven wheels 12 and material feeding channels 13 can be further increased, thereby enabling the extrusion device 1 to handle more consumables of different materials or colors, improving the appearance of printed products and improving printing efficiency.

[0077] Understandably, the coaxial arrangement of the drive wheels 11 allows the first drive unit 10 to simultaneously drive multiple drive wheels 11 to rotate via the same drive shaft 170. This design reduces the number of parts in the extrusion unit 1, saves structural space, and improves the compactness of the equipment.

[0078] Understandably, the protrusions 171 are distributed on at least two planes to ensure that the gear shift cam 17 can control the driven wheels 12 arranged around different driving wheels 11. Each plane is provided with at least one protrusion 171 to ensure that the gear shift cam 17 can control at least one of the multiple driven wheels 12 corresponding to that plane at least once.

[0079] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 9In a specific embodiment, the extrusion device 1 includes two coaxially arranged drive wheels 11, and each drive wheel 11 has two driven wheels 12 arranged opposite each other. The drive shaft 170 of the gear cam 17 has a protrusion 171 on each of two planes, and the projections of the two protrusions 171 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 170 have an included angle, that is, the projections of the two do not overlap. Each protrusion 171 pushes only one abutment 183 of the plane at a time, that is, only one material conveying channel 13 conveys consumables at a time. The two protrusions 171 are arranged at an angle, so that when the two protrusions 171 abut with the abutment 183 of the corresponding plane, the rotation angle of the drive shaft 170 is different. Therefore, it can be avoided that when one protrusion 171 controls the driven wheel 12 of this layer, the protrusions 171 on other planes will accidentally touch the other driven wheels 12 due to the rotation of the main body. Therefore, this design ensures that even when the number of material conveying channels 13 is increased, one of the material conveying channels 13 can still be selected for multiple consumables to be transported.

[0080] Understandably, the arrangement of the number and position of the driving wheel 11, driven wheel 12, and protrusion 171 is merely illustrative and does not limit the number or position.

[0081] Please see Figure 10 and Figure 11 The second embodiment of this utility model provides a 3D printing head 2, which includes the extrusion device 1 described above, and also includes a throat 20 and a nozzle 21. One end of the throat 20 is connected to the material feeding channel 13, and the other end is connected to the nozzle 21.

[0082] Understandably, the 3D printing head 2 also includes a heating block 22 and a heat sink 23. The heating block 22 is connected to the nozzle 21 and is used to heat the filament, so that the filament melts and is easily extruded from the nozzle 21 for printing. The heat sink 23 is located around the throat 20 and is used for heat dissipation. The heating block 22 can also be connected to the throat 20, in which case the throat 20 can play a preheating role.

[0083] Optionally, the 3D printing head 2 is provided with the same number of collecting channels 24 as the feeding channels 13. One end of the collecting channel 24 is connected to the feeding channel 13, and the other end is connected to each other and has a discharge port, which is connected to the throat 20.

[0084] Understandably, the convergence of multiple channels 24 to form a unified discharge port can improve the efficiency of consumable flow and make the internal space layout of the equipment more compact, reducing the size of the equipment.

[0085] Please combine further Figure 12 For ease of explanation, the part of the throat 20 near the material conveying channel 13 is defined as the upper throat, and the part of the throat 20 near the nozzle 21 is defined as the lower throat. The inner diameter of the upper throat is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower throat to form the inverted part 200.

[0086] It should be noted that during the hot retraction process, the consumables are heated by heat, causing them to soften or even melt. During retraction, the consumables may experience stringing due to uneven pressure.

[0087] Understandably, the inverted part 200 creates a step inside the throat 20, causing the molten consumable to encounter more physical obstacles during the retraction process, thus hindering the flow of the molten consumable and reducing the risk of carrying out the molten consumable during hot retraction.

[0088] Understandably, this embodiment does not limit the specific type of the throat 20. The throat 20 can be a stainless steel throat, a high-temperature throat, or a combination of a stainless steel throat and a high-temperature throat, etc.

[0089] Understandably, this embodiment does not limit the specific location of the inverted part 200, and the location of the inverted part 200 can vary depending on the type of the throat 20.

[0090] Optionally, the inverted part 200 is located at the consumable separation point, i.e., at the position where the consumable is in a molten state.

[0091] Understandably, the 3D printing head 2 of this embodiment also has all the beneficial effects of the extrusion device 1 described above.

[0092] Please see Figure 13 The third embodiment of this utility model provides a 3D printing device 3, which includes the extrusion device 1 described above and has all the beneficial effects of the extrusion device 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0093] The present invention also provides the following embodiments:

[0094] Reference numeral 1, an extrusion apparatus for conveying consumables, characterized in that: it includes a first driving device, at least one driving wheel driven by the first driving device, at least two driven wheels disposed around the periphery of the driving wheel, and at least two material conveying channels; the material conveying channels are located between the driving wheel and the driven wheels, and the material conveying channels include an upper channel disposed above the driving wheel and the driven wheels and a lower channel disposed below the driving wheel and the driven wheels, and the upper channel and the lower channel are connected and arranged at an angle, and the center line connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lower channel.

[0095] Reference numeral 2, based on reference numeral 1, has an angle between the axial direction of the upper channel and the axial direction of the lower channel ranging from 135° to 180°.

[0096] Based on number 1, number 3 has a first notch in the upper channel that matches the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and a second notch in the lower channel that matches the driving wheel and the driven wheel.

[0097] Label 4, based on label 1, has a damping ring installed in the upper channel, and the inner diameter of the damping ring is at least partially smaller than the diameter of the consumable.

[0098] Based on reference numeral 1, the extrusion device further includes a second drive unit, a gear cam driven by the second drive unit, and at least two swing arms; the gear cam can select one of the at least two swing arms to drive, and the selected swing arm is the target swing arm; the driven wheel is located at the end of the swing arm away from the gear cam, and the second drive unit drives the gear cam, so that the gear cam drives the target swing arm, causing the driven wheel on the target swing arm to move closer to or away from the drive wheel.

[0099] Based on number 5, the extrusion device further includes a housing, on which a fixed shaft is provided. The swing arm includes an arm body and an elastic element. The arm body is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft, and the elastic element is sleeved on the fixed shaft and connected to the housing and the arm body respectively.

[0100] Reference numeral 7, based on reference numeral 6, includes a gear cam including a drive shaft and at least one protrusion disposed on the drive shaft. The drive shaft is connected to a second drive device, and an abutment is disposed on the arm body. The protrusion abuts against the abutment of the target swing arm, pushing the abutment away from the gear cam, so that the driven wheel on the target swing arm approaches the driving wheel.

[0101] Reference numeral 8, based on reference numeral 7, the extrusion device includes at least two coaxially arranged drive wheels, and protrusions are arranged on at least two planes, with at least one protrusion on each plane.

[0102] Compared with the prior art, the extrusion device and 3D printing head provided by this utility model have the following advantages:

[0103] 1. In the extrusion device provided in this embodiment, the center line connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the material conveying channel. This significantly reduces the impact of bending and twisting of the conveying path on the consumable during its movement, reducing friction and flow resistance of the consumable, avoiding accumulation or retention caused by changes in the direction of the consumable, and ensuring a more stable extrusion process. This design also makes the retraction operation smoother, reducing retraction resistance caused by the inconsistency between the retraction direction of the consumable and the material conveying channel, avoiding excessive material residue, thereby reducing dripping and stringing, and improving printing quality.

[0104] 2. The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention has independent upper and lower feeding channels, which not only makes the assembly process simpler and clearer, but also allows for more flexible design of different channel directions at both ends of the extrusion port. The center line connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lower channel, which can prevent consumables from clogging in the extrusion device.

[0105] 3. The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention further limits the included angle between the axial direction of the upper channel and the axial direction of the lower channel to 135° to 180°, ensuring the smooth transmission of consumables through the material conveying channel.

[0106] 4. In the extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention, the first notch and the second notch are both matched with the driving wheel and the driven wheel. That is, when the upper channel and the lower channel are connected, the first notch and the second notch can be closed to form an opening that matches the outer contour shape of the driving wheel and the driven wheel, so that the driving wheel and the driven wheel can fit against the outer wall of the material conveying channel and extend into its interior, thereby clamping the consumables and avoiding gaps that would cause the consumables to deviate from the material conveying channel and fail to be conveyed smoothly.

[0107] 5. In the extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention, a damping ring is provided in the upper channel, and the inner diameter of at least part of the damping ring is smaller than the diameter of the consumable. When the consumable in the conveying channel does not need to be conveyed, the damping ring is used to stabilize and protect the consumable, preventing it from shifting due to vibration or external force.

[0108] 6. The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the invention, through the cooperation of the gear cam and the swing arm, can adjust any one of the extrusion orifices formed by the driving wheel and the driven wheel to extrude or retract the consumables, thereby realizing the feeding control of multiple material conveying channels to meet the printing needs of different materials and colors. The diameter of the extrusion orifice can also be adjusted, allowing selection of a suitable orifice diameter based on the material characteristics of different consumables, achieving different levels of printing effects and improving printing flexibility.

[0109] 7. The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention has a fixed shaft on the housing, and a swing arm including an arm body and an elastic element. The arm body is rotatably mounted on the fixed shaft, and the elastic element is sleeved on the fixed shaft and connected to the housing and the arm body respectively. The elastic element ensures that the force applied by the driven wheel to the consumable is an elastic pressure, thereby enabling the extrusion nozzle to deliver consumables more stably and accurately. The elastic element also generates a restoring force, allowing the swing arm to automatically return to the state of contact with the drive shaft, that is, the extrusion nozzle can automatically return to the state of maximum extrusion nozzle diameter, avoiding continued extrusion of material when not needed.

[0110] 8. The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes a gear cam comprising a drive shaft and at least one protrusion disposed on the drive shaft. The drive shaft is connected to a second drive device, and an abutment portion is disposed on the arm body. The protrusion abuts against the abutment portion of the target swing arm, pushing the abutment portion away from the gear cam, so that the driven wheel on the target swing arm approaches the driving wheel. The protrusion and the abutment portion cooperate to form a lever with the arm body, which rotates around a fixed axis, driving the driven wheel to approach the driving wheel, thereby realizing the extrusion of consumables. This design has a simple and compact structure, which can reduce the overall size of the equipment.

[0111] 9. The extrusion device provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes at least two coaxially arranged drive wheels. The addition of multiple drive wheels further increases the number of driven wheels and material feeding channels, enabling the extrusion device to simultaneously process different materials or colors. This significantly improves the functionality and flexibility of the 3D printer, enhances the appearance of printed products, and improves printing efficiency. The coaxial arrangement of multiple drive wheels allows the power assembly to simultaneously drive multiple drive wheels through the same drive shaft, reducing the number of parts in the overall device, saving space structurally, and improving the device's compactness. Protrusions are distributed on at least two planes to ensure that the shift cam can control the driven wheels located on the periphery of different drive wheels. Each plane has at least one protrusion to ensure that the shift cam can control at least one of the multiple driven wheels corresponding to that plane at least once.

[0112] 10. The 3D printing head provided in this embodiment includes the extrusion device described above, and further includes a throat and a nozzle. One end of the throat is connected to the material feeding channel, and the other end is connected to the nozzle. The throat includes an upper throat and a lower throat, with the inner diameter of the upper throat being smaller than that of the lower throat to form an inverted portion. The inverted portion creates a step inside the throat, causing the molten material to encounter more physical obstacles during the retraction process, thus hindering the flow of the molten material and reducing the risk of molten material being carried out during hot retraction. The 3D printing head also possesses all the beneficial effects of the extrusion device described above, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0113] 11. The 3D printing head device provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes the above-mentioned extrusion device and has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned extrusion device, which will not be repeated here.

[0114] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An extrusion device for delivering a consumable, characterized by: The first driving device, at least one driving wheel driven by the first driving device, at least two driven wheels arranged on the periphery of the driving wheel, and at least two material conveying channels; The material conveying channels are located between the driving wheel and the driven wheels, and the material conveying channels include upper channels arranged above the driving wheel and the driven wheels and lower channels arranged below the driving wheel and the driven wheels, the upper channels are arranged at an angle with the lower channels, and the central line between the driving wheel and the driven wheels is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lower channels.

2. The extrusion apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The included angle between the axial direction of the upper channels and the axial direction of the lower channels ranges from 135° to 180°.

3. The extrusion apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The upper channels are provided with first notches matched with the driving wheel and the driven wheels, and the lower channels are provided with second notches matched with the driving wheel and the driven wheels.

4. The extrusion apparatus of claim 1, wherein: A damping ring is arranged in the upper channel, and the inner diameter of the damping ring is at least partially smaller than the diameter of the consumable.

5. The extrusion apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The extrusion device further comprises a second driving device, a gear cam driven by the second driving device, and at least two swing arms; the gear cam can drive one of the at least two swing arms, and the selected swing arm is the target swing arm; the driven wheels are arranged at the end of the swing arms away from the gear cam, and the second driving device drives the gear cam to drive the target swing arm and the driven wheels on the target swing arm to approach or move away from the driving wheel.

6. The extrusion apparatus of claim 5, wherein: The extrusion device further comprises a housing, and the housing is provided with a fixed shaft, the swing arm comprises an arm body and an elastic member, the arm body is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft, and the elastic member is sleeved on the fixed shaft and connected with the housing and the arm body respectively.

7. The extrusion apparatus of claim 6, wherein: The gear cam comprises a driving shaft and at least one protruding part arranged on the driving shaft, the driving shaft is connected with the second driving device, and the arm body is provided with an abutting part; the protruding part abuts the abutting part of the target swing arm and pushes the abutting part away from the gear cam, so that the driven wheels on the target swing arm approach the driving wheel.

8. The extrusion apparatus of claim 7, wherein: The extrusion device comprises at least two driving wheels arranged coaxially, and the protruding parts are distributed on at least two planes, and at least one protruding part is arranged on each plane.

9. A 3D printing head, characterized by: The extrusion device comprises a throat and a nozzle, one end of the throat communicates with the material conveying channel, and the other end of the throat communicates with the nozzle; the throat comprises an upper throat and a lower throat, and the inner diameter of the upper throat is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower throat to form an inverted portion.

10. A 3D printing device, characterized by: The extrusion device comprises a throat and a nozzle, one end of the throat communicates with the material conveying channel, and the other end of the throat communicates with the nozzle; the throat comprises an upper throat and a lower throat, and the inner diameter of the upper throat is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower throat to form an inverted portion.

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