Front shock absorber capable of hydraulically adjusting preload of spring

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of shock absorbers, in particular to a front shock absorber capable of hydraulically adjusting spring preload, which comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod, a piston valve is sleeved at the lower end of the piston rod, an inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is divided into an upper oil cavity and a lower oil cavity by the piston valve, and a damping spring is arranged between the upper end of the piston rod and the hydraulic cylinder. The upper end of the piston rod is sleeved with an adjusting end cover, a spring seat is arranged between the bottom face of the adjusting end cover and the upper end of the damping spring, the top face of the spring seat abuts against the bottom face of the ejector rod, an adjusting cavity is formed in the adjusting end cover, and the adjusting cavity is in transmission connection with the top face of the ejector rod through an adjusting piston. The preloading elastic force adjusting device is simple in structure, reasonable in design and reliable in adjustment, the ejector rod and the spring seat are driven to move up and down in a hydraulic driving mode so that preloading elastic force of the damping spring can be adjusted, adjusting operation is convenient, fast and effortless, and meanwhile the counter-acting force of the hydraulic driving structure on the ejector rod and the spring seat can play a damping role.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of shock absorber technology, specifically referring to a front shock absorber with hydraulically adjustable spring preload. Background technology:

[0002] The shock absorber and vehicle disclosed in the existing Chinese invention patent (authorization announcement number CN118686885B) include a damping telescopic part and a damping adjustment part. The damping telescopic part is used to perform damping telescopic movement to achieve shock absorption; and the damping adjustment part is used to adjust the damping of the damping telescopic part. The damping telescopic part has a cavity for containing a fluid medium, and the damping adjustment part includes: a regulating valve for adjusting the flow direction and flow rate of the fluid medium, and has a fluid inlet and outlet hole that is in fluid communication with the cavity. The damped telescopic part further includes a spring assembly, which comprises: a damping spring, fitted onto the piston rod, located within the outer cylinder and the fork tube, and situated on one side of the guide sleeve; a damping spring adjustment mechanism, disposed at one end of the outer cylinder and connected to one end of the piston rod, for adjusting the distance between that end of the piston rod and the guide sleeve, thereby adjusting the pressure of the damping spring; the damping spring adjustment mechanism includes: a stopper, fixed to one end of the outer cylinder, one end of which has a component mounting groove opening outwards, the component mounting groove having an internal thread, and its other end connected to the piston rod. One end is fixed and has multiple push rod guide holes communicating with the component mounting slot; a preload adjusting nut has external threads and is movably threaded into the component mounting slot, with a shaped hole in the middle; multiple push rods are respectively inserted into each of the push rod guide holes, one end of the push rod abuts against the preload adjusting nut, and the other end abuts against the first spring seat; an adjusting knob has a polygonal hole in the middle; an adjusting head, one end of which matches and engages with the polygonal hole, and the other end of which matches and engages with the shaped hole; and a pressure sleeve, which is annular, is fitted onto the adjusting head and engaged in the component mounting slot.

[0003] In the above structure, rotating the adjustment knob drives the adjustment head to rotate, which in turn rotates the preload adjustment nut, causing it to move up or down. This, in turn, moves the first spring seat up or down via the push rod, thus adjusting the preload pressure of the damping spring. However, this structure relies heavily on threaded transmission. Under prolonged damping spring load, the threads of the first spring seat and the push rod are prone to wear or locking, making manual rotation difficult later on. Summary of the Invention:

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a front shock absorber with hydraulically adjustable spring preload. It uses hydraulic drive to move the push rod and spring seat up and down to adjust the preload force of the damping spring. Not only is the adjustment operation convenient and effortless, but the reaction force of the hydraulic drive structure on the push rod and spring seat can also play a damping role.

[0005] This utility model is implemented as follows:

[0006] A hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber includes a hydraulic cylinder and a piston rod with its lower end axially sliding inside the hydraulic cylinder and fitted with a piston valve body. The piston valve body divides the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder into an upper oil chamber and a lower oil chamber. A damping spring is provided between the upper end of the piston rod and the hydraulic cylinder. An adjusting end cap is fitted onto the upper end of the piston rod. A spring seat is axially slidably fitted onto the piston rod between the bottom surface of the adjusting end cap and the upper end of the damping spring. The top surface of the spring seat abuts against the bottom surfaces of several push rods axially sliding on the adjusting end cap. An adjusting chamber with fluid flow to a hydraulic drive device is provided on the adjusting end cap. The adjusting chamber and the top surface of the push rods are connected by an adjusting piston that engages with a plunger on the adjusting end cap. The hydraulic drive device controls the hydraulic pressure in the adjusting chamber to drive the adjusting piston and push rods to move axially, thereby adjusting the compression of the damping spring.

[0007] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber, the front shock absorber includes an outer cylinder with its lower port sleeved on a hydraulic cylinder, an adjusting end cap fixed at the upper port of the outer cylinder, a threaded hole on the lower end face of the adjusting end cap that engages with the upper end thread of the piston rod, and an adjusting groove on the upper end face, the adjusting piston plunger engaging in the adjusting groove, a sealing end cap covering the opening of the adjusting groove, the adjusting cavity being formed between the sealing end cap and the adjusting piston, and the upper end of the push rod extending from bottom to top into the adjusting groove and abutting against the adjusting piston.

[0008] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber, the sealing end cap is connected to the hydraulic drive device via an oil line connector and pipeline, and the hydraulic drive device is connected to the outer cylinder side wall via a fixing bracket.

[0009] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber, the hydraulic drive device includes an adjusting oil cylinder, a hydraulic piston fitted with a plunger inside the adjusting oil cylinder, the driving end of the hydraulic piston being connected to the power component for transmission, and the hydraulic end forming a hydraulic chamber with the adjusting oil cylinder, the hydraulic chamber being connected to the adjusting chamber through a pipeline.

[0010] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber, the power assembly includes a hydraulic end cap located at the port of the adjusting oil cylinder. An adjusting shaft is rotatably mounted on the central hole of the hydraulic end cap. The inner end of the adjusting shaft has a straight shaft structure. The outer end of the movable shaft, which is screwed onto the central hole of the hydraulic end cap, has a straight slot for the axial insertion of the inner end of the adjusting shaft. The inner end of the movable shaft abuts against the drive end face of the hydraulic piston.

[0011] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber, the outer end of the adjusting shaft extends beyond the center hole of the hydraulic end cap and is fitted with an adjusting cap. The tail end of the fastening screw passes through the adjusting cap and is screwed onto the outer end of the adjusting shaft to achieve a fixed fit between the adjusting cap and the adjusting shaft.

[0012] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preloaded front shock absorber, a radial through hole is provided on the outer diameter of the adjusting shaft. Positioning steel balls are placed at both ends of the radial through hole. A compression spring is provided inside the radial through hole, with its two ends respectively abutting against the corresponding positioning steel balls. An even number of positioning grooves that allow the positioning steel balls to partially enter are evenly distributed circumferentially on the wall surface of the central hole of the hydraulic end cover.

[0013] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber, an oil replenishment hole is provided on the hydraulic piston along its axis, and a sealing screw capable of sealing the oil replenishment hole is provided on the oil replenishment hole.

[0014] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preloaded front shock absorber, the front shock absorber includes a pressure regulating valve body and a damping airbag assembly disposed on the pressure regulating valve body. The lower ends of the hydraulic cylinder and the inner cylinder sleeved around the outer periphery of the hydraulic cylinder are both fixed on the pressure regulating valve body. A hydraulic damping chamber is formed between the inner cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder. An upper connecting hole is provided on the hydraulic cylinder to connect the hydraulic damping chamber and the lower oil chamber. The pressure regulating valve body has two regulating valve assemblies that respectively connect the lower oil chamber and the oil pressure chamber of the damping airbag assembly, and connect the hydraulic damping chamber and the oil pressure chamber of the damping airbag assembly.

[0015] In the aforementioned hydraulically adjustable spring preloaded front shock absorber, the damping airbag assembly includes a damping adjusting cylinder, a damping piston and a pneumatic piston with a plunger inside the damping adjusting cylinder, a hydraulic chamber is formed between the damping piston, the damping adjusting cylinder and the adjusting valve body, and a pneumatic chamber is formed between the damping piston, the damping adjusting cylinder and the pneumatic piston. A pneumatic drive assembly capable of driving the pneumatic piston to move axially is provided on the corresponding end of the damping adjusting cylinder.

[0016] The outstanding advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are:

[0017] This utility model has a simple structure, reasonable design, and reliable adjustment. It uses hydraulic drive to move the push rod and spring seat up and down to adjust the preload force of the damping spring. Not only is the adjustment operation convenient and effortless, but the reaction force of the hydraulic drive structure on the push rod and spring seat can also play a damping role. Attached image description:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the entire utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is an overall sectional view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic drive device of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the damping airbag assembly of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic cylinder; 2. Piston valve body; 3. Piston rod; 4. Upper oil chamber; 5. Lower oil chamber; 6. Damping spring; 7. Adjusting end cap; 8. Spring seat; 9. Push rod; 10. Adjusting chamber; 11. Adjusting piston; 12. Outer cylinder; 13. Sealing end cap; 14. Fixing frame; 15. Adjusting oil cylinder; 16. Hydraulic piston; 17. Hydraulic chamber; 18. Hydraulic end cap; 19. Adjusting shaft; 20. Movable shaft; 21. Adjusting cap; 22. Positioning steel ball; 23. Compression spring; 24. Sealing screw; 25. Pressure regulating valve body; 26. Inner cylinder; 27. Hydraulic damping chamber; 28. Adjusting valve assembly; 29. ​​Damping adjusting cylinder; 30. Damping piston; 31. Pneumatic piston; 32. Oil chamber; 33. Pneumatic chamber; 34. Pneumatic drive assembly. Detailed implementation method:

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. See also: Figure 1 —4:

[0024] A hydraulically adjustable spring preload front shock absorber includes a hydraulic cylinder 1 and a piston rod 3 whose lower end slides axially within the hydraulic cylinder 1 and is fitted with a piston valve body 2. The piston valve body 2 divides the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 into an upper oil chamber 4 and a lower oil chamber 5. A damping spring 6 is provided between the upper end of the piston rod 3 and the hydraulic cylinder 1. An adjusting end cover 7 is fitted onto the upper end of the piston rod 3. A spring seat 8 is axially slidably mounted on the piston rod 3 between the bottom surface of the adjusting end cover 7 and the upper end of the damping spring 6. The top surface of the spring seat 8 abuts against the bottom surfaces of several push rods 9 that slide axially on the adjusting end cover 7. An adjusting chamber 10 is provided on the adjusting end cover 7 for fluid flow with a hydraulic drive device. The adjusting chamber 10 and the top surface of the push rods 9 are connected by an adjusting piston 11 that is fitted on the adjusting end cover 7 via a plunger. The hydraulic drive device controls the hydraulic pressure of the adjusting chamber 10 to drive the adjusting piston 11 and the push rods 9 to move axially, thereby adjusting the compression of the damping spring 6.

[0025] This utility model has a simple structure, reasonable design, and reliable adjustment. By using hydraulic drive to move the top rod 9 and spring seat 8 up and down, the preload force of the damping spring 6 can be adjusted. Not only is the adjustment operation convenient and effortless, but the reaction force of the hydraulic drive structure on the top rod 9 and spring seat 8 can also play a damping role.

[0026] In this embodiment, the front shock absorber is a dual-cavity shock absorber, that is, the front shock absorber includes an outer cylinder 12 with its lower port sleeved on the hydraulic cylinder 1, the adjusting end cap 7 is fixed at the upper port of the outer cylinder 12, the lower end face of the adjusting end cap 7 has a threaded hole that engages with the upper end of the piston rod 3, and the upper end face has an adjusting groove, the adjusting piston 11 is fitted into the adjusting groove, the opening of the adjusting groove is covered with a sealing end cap 13, and the adjusting cavity 10 is formed between the sealing end cap 13 and the adjusting piston 11, and the upper end of the push rod 9 extends from bottom to top into the adjusting groove and abuts against the adjusting piston 11.

[0027] Alternatively, the hydraulic drive device can be directly fixed to the adjusting end cover 7. In this embodiment, the sealing end cover 13 is connected to the hydraulic drive device via an oil line connector and pipeline, and the hydraulic drive device is connected to the side wall of the outer cylinder 12 via a fixing bracket 14.

[0028] Furthermore, the hydraulic drive device can be a hydraulic power device such as a power cylinder. In this embodiment, in order to effectively control costs, the hydraulic drive device includes an adjusting cylinder 15. A hydraulic piston 16 is fitted inside the adjusting cylinder 15 with a plunger. The driving end of the hydraulic piston 16 is connected to the power component for transmission, and the hydraulic end and the adjusting cylinder 15 form a hydraulic chamber 17. The hydraulic chamber 17 is connected to the adjusting chamber 10 through a pipe.

[0029] Furthermore, the power assembly can directly use an electrically controlled telescopic power source to drive the hydraulic piston 16, thereby adjusting the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic chamber 17 and the regulating chamber 10. In this embodiment, the power assembly includes a hydraulic end cap 18 located at the port of the regulating oil cylinder 15. An adjusting shaft 19 rotates on the central hole of the hydraulic end cap 18. The inner end of the adjusting shaft 19 has a straight shaft structure. The outer end of the movable shaft 20, which is screwed onto the central hole of the hydraulic end cap 18, has a straight slot for the axial insertion of the inner end of the adjusting shaft 19. The inner end of the movable shaft 20 abuts against the drive end face of the hydraulic piston 16. Further, the outer end of the adjusting shaft 19 extends beyond the central hole of the hydraulic end cap 18 and is fitted with an adjusting cap 21. The tail end of the fastening screw passes through the adjusting cap 21 and is screwed onto the outer end of the adjusting shaft 19, thereby achieving a fixed fit between the adjusting cap 21 and the adjusting shaft 19. The hydraulic piston 16 can be effectively moved axially within the adjusting cylinder 15 by directly turning the adjusting cap 21.

[0030] To facilitate rotational adjustment by the operator, a radial through hole is provided on the outer diameter of the adjusting shaft 19. Positioning steel balls 22 are placed at both ends of the radial through hole. Compression springs 23, with their two ends respectively abutting against the corresponding positioning steel balls 22, are installed inside the radial through hole. An even number of positioning grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially on the wall of the central hole of the hydraulic end cover 18, allowing partial entry of the positioning steel balls 22. This design and matching structure of the positioning grooves and positioning steel balls 22 allows the hydraulic piston 16 to form multiple adjustment positions during rotation. Specifically, as the hydraulic piston 16 rotates, the positioning steel balls 22 can separate from the previous positioning groove and enter the next positioning groove, simultaneously providing feedback force to the operator to indicate that the next adjustment position has been entered.

[0031] Furthermore, in order to replenish the hydraulic chamber 17 and the regulating chamber 10 with oil, an oil replenishment through hole is provided on the hydraulic piston 16 along its axis, and a sealing screw 24 is provided on the oil replenishment through hole to seal the oil replenishment through hole.

[0032] In addition, the front shock absorber includes a pressure regulating valve body and a damping airbag assembly disposed on the pressure regulating valve body. The lower ends of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 26 sleeved on the outer periphery of the hydraulic cylinder 1 are fixed on the pressure regulating valve body. A hydraulic damping chamber 27 is formed between the inner cylinder 26 and the hydraulic cylinder 1. An upper connecting hole is provided on the hydraulic cylinder 1 to connect the hydraulic damping chamber 27 and the lower oil chamber 5. The pressure regulating valve body has two regulating valve assemblies that respectively connect the lower oil chamber 5 and the oil pressure chamber 32 of the damping airbag assembly, and connect the hydraulic damping chamber 27 and the oil pressure chamber 32 of the damping airbag assembly.

[0033] In order to adjust the damping and shock absorption effect, the damping airbag assembly includes a damping adjustment cylinder 29, a damping piston 30 and a pneumatic piston 31 with a plunger inside the damping adjustment cylinder 29. A hydraulic chamber 32 is formed between the damping piston 30, the damping adjustment cylinder 29 and the regulating valve body 25, and a pneumatic chamber 33 is formed between the damping piston 30, the damping adjustment cylinder 29 and the pneumatic piston 31. A pneumatic drive assembly 34 is provided at the corresponding end of the damping adjustment cylinder 29 to drive the pneumatic piston 31 to move axially. That is, the pneumatic drive assembly 34 drives the pneumatic piston 31 to move axially, thereby changing the air pressure in the pneumatic chamber 33. The pneumatic drive assembly 34 can directly use a cylinder as a power source, but in this embodiment, a knob thread structure is used, and the pneumatic piston 31 is driven to move axially by screwing the knob thread in or out.

[0034] The above embodiments are only one of the preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape, structure and principle of this utility model should be covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading, comprising a hydraulic cylinder (1), a piston rod (3) axially sliding in the hydraulic cylinder (1) and sleeving a piston valve body (2), the piston valve body (2) dividing the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (1) into an upper oil chamber (4) and a lower oil chamber (5), a damping spring (6) being arranged between the upper end of the piston rod (3) and the hydraulic cylinder (1), characterized in that: The upper end of the piston rod (3) is sleeved with an adjusting end cover (7), an axial spring seat (8) is arranged between the bottom surface of the adjusting end cover (7) and the upper end of the damping spring (6) and is axially sleeved on the piston rod (3), the top surface of the spring seat (8) abuts against the bottom surface of a plurality of top rods (9) which are axially sleeved on the adjusting end cover (7), the adjusting end cover (7) is provided with an adjusting cavity (10) which communicates with the liquid of the hydraulic drive device, the adjusting cavity (10) is in transmission connection with the top surface of the top rod (9) through an adjusting piston (11) which is plunger-fitted on the adjusting end cover (7), the hydraulic drive device controls the hydraulic pressure of the adjusting cavity (10) to drive the adjusting piston (11) and the top rod (9) to axially move so as to adjust the compression amount of the damping spring (6).

2. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front shock absorber comprises an outer cylinder (12) which is sleeved on the hydraulic cylinder (1) at the lower port, the adjusting end cover (7) is fixed at the upper port of the outer cylinder (12), the lower end surface of the adjusting end cover (7) is provided with a lower threaded hole which is threadedly matched with the upper end of the piston rod (3), and the upper end surface is provided with an adjusting groove, the adjusting piston (11) is plunger-fitted in the adjusting groove, a sealing end cover (13) is arranged at the opening of the adjusting groove, the adjusting cavity (10) is formed between the adjusting piston (11) and the sealing end cover (13), and the upper end of the top rod (9) extends into the adjusting groove from the bottom to the top and abuts against the adjusting piston (11).

3. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing end cover (13) communicates with the liquid of the hydraulic drive device through an oil way joint and a pipeline, and the hydraulic drive device is connected to the side wall of the outer cylinder (12) through a fixing frame (14).

4. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that: The hydraulic drive device comprises an adjusting oil cylinder (15), the adjusting oil cylinder (15) is plunger-fitted with a hydraulic piston (16), the driving end of the hydraulic piston (16) is in transmission connection with a power assembly, the hydraulic end forms a hydraulic cavity (17) with the adjusting oil cylinder (15), and the hydraulic cavity (17) communicates with the adjusting cavity (10) through a pipeline.

5. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power assembly comprises a hydraulic end cover (18) which is arranged at the port of the adjusting oil cylinder (15), a adjusting rotating shaft (19) is rotatably arranged in the center hole of the hydraulic end cover (18), the inner end of the adjusting rotating shaft (19) is in a character-shaped shaft body structure, the outer end of a movable rotating shaft (20) which is screwed in the center hole of the hydraulic end cover (18) is provided with a character-shaped slot hole for the inner end of the adjusting rotating shaft (19) to axially insert, and the inner end of the movable rotating shaft (20) abuts against the driving end surface of the hydraulic piston (16).

6. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer end of the adjusting rotating shaft (19) extends out of the center hole of the hydraulic end cover (18) and is sleeved with an adjusting rotating cap (21), the tail end of a fastening screw penetrates the adjusting rotating cap (21) and is screwed on the outer end of the adjusting rotating shaft (19) to realize the fixed connection of the adjusting rotating cap (21) and the adjusting rotating shaft (19).

7. A hydraulic spring-preloaded front shock absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer end of the adjusting rotating shaft (19) is provided with a radial through hole in the diameter, positioning steel balls (22) are arranged at the two ports of the radial through hole, compression springs (23) are arranged in the radial through hole and abut against the corresponding positioning steel balls (22) at the two ends, respectively, and a plurality of positioning grooves which can allow the positioning steel balls (22) to partially enter are uniformly distributed on the wall surface of the center hole of the hydraulic end cover (18).

8. A hydraulic spring-preloaded front shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydraulic piston (16) is provided with an oil supplementing through hole along its axis, and the oil supplementing through hole is provided with a blocking screw (24) capable of blocking the oil supplementing through hole.

9. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The front shock absorber comprises a pressure regulating valve body (25) and a damping air bag assembly arranged on the pressure regulating valve body (25), the hydraulic cylinder (1) and the lower end of an inner cylinder (26) sleeved on the outer periphery of the hydraulic cylinder (1) are fixed on the pressure regulating valve body (25), a hydraulic damping chamber (27) is formed between the inner cylinder (26) and the hydraulic cylinder (1), the hydraulic cylinder (1) is provided with an upper communication hole for communicating the hydraulic damping chamber (27) and the lower oil chamber (5), the pressure regulating valve body (25) is provided with two adjusting valve assemblies (28) for respectively communicating the lower oil chamber (5) and an oil pressure chamber (32) of the damping air bag assembly and for communicating the hydraulic damping chamber (27) and the oil pressure chamber (32) of the damping air bag assembly.

10. A front shock absorber with hydraulic adjustment of spring preloading according to claim 9, characterized in that: The damping air bag assembly comprises a damping adjusting cylinder (29), a damping piston (30) and a gas pressure piston (31) in the damping adjusting cylinder (29), an oil pressure chamber (32) is formed between the damping piston (30), the damping adjusting cylinder (29) and the pressure regulating valve body (25), a gas pressure chamber (33) is formed between the damping piston (30), the damping adjusting cylinder (29) and the gas pressure piston (31), and a gas pressure driving assembly (34) capable of driving the gas pressure piston (31) to move axially is arranged on the corresponding end of the damping adjusting cylinder (29).

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