Battery protection device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery protection device which comprises a photovoltaic assembly, a signal acquisition unit, a charging and discharging controller, a charging loop and a discharging loop, and the signal acquisition unit monitors parameters such as voltage of a battery at regular time and transmits the parameters to the charging and discharging controller. And the charging and discharging controller analyzes the voltage value provided by the signal acquisition unit, and when the voltage value is smaller than a set threshold value, the photovoltaic module is controlled to acquire the electric quantity to charge the battery, and charging is stopped until the upper limit of the set threshold value is reached. The charging loop is a loop for the photovoltaic module to supply power to the storage battery, and the discharging loop is a loop for the storage battery to supply power to other equipment on the vehicle. The device can monitor the state of the battery in real time and control the photovoltaic module to charge the battery under the condition that the battery is fed, intelligent management of the electric quantity state of the battery is achieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to battery protection technology, and in particular to a battery protection device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most electric vehicles use circuit breakers as the primary means of battery protection. When a circuit breaker detects abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, or leakage, it automatically cuts off the circuit, thus protecting the battery and the electrical system. By activating the circuit breaker, it is possible to effectively prevent the battery from supplying power to other electrical devices that may require electricity, thereby avoiding unnecessary battery drain.

[0003] However, this protection method has certain limitations. Even if the circuit is disconnected by an air switch, the electric vehicle battery may still experience self-discharge if it is not used for a long time. Self-discharge is a natural result of the internal chemical reactions of the battery; even without an external load, the battery will gradually lose its charge. This self-discharge phenomenon will intensify over time, eventually leading to battery depletion and inability to start normally. Utility Model Content

[0004] Purpose of the utility model: The purpose of this utility model is to provide a battery protection device that enables intelligent management of battery power.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery protection device comprising a photovoltaic module, a signal acquisition unit, and a charge / discharge controller. The signal acquisition unit periodically monitors the battery voltage and transmits the data to the charge / discharge controller. The charge / discharge controller controls the photovoltaic module to charge the battery based on a comparison of the voltage value with a set threshold.

[0006] The signal acquisition unit includes a voltage sensor that measures the voltage difference across the battery terminals.

[0007] It also includes a charging circuit and a discharging circuit. The charging circuit is the power supply circuit for connecting the photovoltaic module to the battery, and the discharging circuit is the power supply circuit for connecting the battery to the vehicle load. Power electronic components that control the on / off state of the circuit are provided on the charging circuit and the discharging circuit.

[0008] The charging circuit is connected when the discharging circuit is disconnected and disconnected when the discharging circuit is connected. When the battery reaches full charge, the charging circuit is also disconnected.

[0009] The charge / discharge controller includes a microcontroller, a voltage comparator, and a communication interface. The microcontroller receives voltage data transmitted from the signal acquisition unit through the communication interface, compares it with a preset threshold using the voltage comparator, and sends on / off signals to the power electronic components in the charging or discharging circuit through the communication interface based on the comparison result.

[0010] If the signal acquisition unit measures that the battery voltage difference is lower than the preset threshold and the battery is not in a discharging state, the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to conduct, thereby starting the photovoltaic module to charge the battery. When the battery voltage difference reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold, it is determined that the battery has reached the charging saturation state, and the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to disconnect, so that the photovoltaic module stops charging the battery.

[0011] The signal acquisition unit also includes a temperature sensor and a current sensor, which are used to measure the current and temperature values ​​during battery charging and discharging, and transmit the acquired data to the charge and discharge controller for thermal management and charge and discharge management.

[0012] The current sensor is a CHB-25NP Hall current sensor.

[0013] The temperature sensor is either a thermistor or an integrated temperature sensor.

[0014] The photovoltaic modules are mounted on the vehicle frame using mounting brackets.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This utility model has the following advantages: 1. This device can monitor the battery status in real time and control the photovoltaic module to charge the battery when the battery is depleted, realizing intelligent management of the battery power status and improving the battery life; 2. The photovoltaic module is mounted on the vehicle frame and uses solar energy to charge the battery, realizing the sustainable use of energy; 3. This device can further realize the thermal management of the battery, ensuring that it works within a safe temperature range and improving battery performance and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a battery protection device.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of a battery protection device. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, the battery protection device includes a photovoltaic module, a signal acquisition unit, a charge / discharge controller, a charging circuit, and a discharging circuit. The signal acquisition unit periodically monitors parameters such as battery voltage and transmits them to the charge / discharge controller. The charge / discharge controller analyzes the voltage value provided by the signal acquisition unit. When the voltage value is less than a set threshold, it controls the photovoltaic module to collect power to charge the battery until the set upper threshold is reached, at which point charging stops. The charging circuit supplies power to the battery through the photovoltaic module, and the discharging circuit supplies power to other devices on the vehicle through the battery. The charging circuit is active when the discharging circuit is disconnected, and disconnected when the discharging circuit is active and the battery reaches full charge. The charging circuit will also automatically shut down.

[0020] The solar panel area of ​​the photovoltaic module is determined based on the battery power. Power calculation: charging current × charging voltage × charging time (hours) = kilowatt-hours. Taking a 60V battery in an electric vehicle as an example, the power is between 600-800W. Therefore, the total power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module must be between 300W and 700W. Solar irradiance is approximately equal to 0.8 solar irradiance. Total capacity = solar irradiance × solar panel area, thus obtaining the required solar panel area. Based on the solar panel area, a suitable location is selected on the electric vehicle to install the photovoltaic module, such as placing it above the headlights.

[0021] Taking a gasoline-powered motorcycle as an example, the normal power supply voltage is 13.5V. The specific charging capacity depends on the motorcycle's power and the battery capacity. Generally speaking, the charging power of a motorcycle is between 200-600W, and the battery capacity is between 6-20Ah. The installation position of photovoltaic modules on a motorcycle must not only consider the appearance design but also the coordination with wind and airflow. However, motorcycle batteries are smaller than those of electric vehicles, and the required solar panel area is also smaller.

[0022] The signal acquisition unit includes a voltage sensor, which operates by measuring the voltage difference across the battery terminals and converting the analog signal into a digital signal for processing by the charge / discharge controller. The charge / discharge controller includes a microcontroller, a voltage comparator, a communication interface connected to the signal acquisition unit, and power electronic components that control the on / off state of the charging and discharging circuits. The signal acquisition unit periodically measures the battery voltage difference and transmits the digital signal to the microcontroller via the communication interface. The microcontroller receives the voltage data and compares it with a preset threshold using the voltage comparator. If the battery voltage difference is lower than the preset threshold and the battery is not discharging, the microcontroller outputs a control signal to the power electronic components in the charging circuit, thereby activating the photovoltaic module to charge the battery (i.e., the charging circuit is turned on). When the battery voltage difference reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold, the battery is determined to be fully charged, and the microcontroller uses the power electronic components to stop the photovoltaic module from charging the battery.

[0023] When an electric vehicle starts, the charge and discharge controller will control the battery discharge according to the vehicle's operating status and energy demand to power other devices on the vehicle.

[0024] The aforementioned charge and discharge controller can automatically control the charging process of the photovoltaic module based on the real-time voltage state of the battery, ensuring that the battery operates within a safe voltage range and avoiding overcharging or over-discharging, thereby extending the battery's lifespan.

[0025] To further enhance battery protection against overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and over-temperature, relevant sensors, such as the CHB-25NP Hall current sensor and an integrated temperature sensor, can be added to the signal acquisition unit. The acquired data can then be transmitted to the charge / discharge controller for further processing.

[0026] The above process also includes acquiring charging and discharging parameters during the battery charging and discharging process, which may include, but are not limited to, voltage, current, temperature, remaining battery capacity (SOC), number of charge and discharge cycles, and charging and discharging efficiency. Furthermore, a charging and discharging report is generated and fed back to the user through the vehicle's dashboard, in-vehicle infotainment system, or mobile application, so that the user can assess the battery's health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and predict the battery's lifespan.

[0027] In this embodiment, the charge / discharge controller transmits the remaining power from the battery to the controller via a communication protocol. The charge / discharge controller can set the charging range between 25% and 85% based on the voltage level, which is the operating condition for the solar panel. The solar panel converts electrical energy into battery charging power through a DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter ensures that the voltage output by the solar panel is consistent with that of the battery, thus guaranteeing the battery's lifespan.

Claims

1. A battery protection device, characterized by, The photovoltaic assembly, the signal acquisition unit, and the charge-discharge controller are included. The signal acquisition unit monitors the voltage of the battery at regular intervals and transmits the voltage to the charge-discharge controller. The charge-discharge controller controls the photovoltaic assembly to charge the battery based on the comparison result of the voltage value and the set threshold value. The charging circuit and the discharging circuit are also included. The charging circuit is the power supply circuit for connecting the photovoltaic assembly to the battery, and the discharging circuit is the power supply circuit for connecting the battery to the vehicle load. The power electronic components for controlling the on-off of the circuits are arranged on the charging circuit and the discharging circuit. The charging circuit is turned on when the discharging circuit is turned off, and the charging circuit is turned off when the discharging circuit is turned on. When the battery reaches the charging saturation state, the charging circuit is also turned off.

2. The battery protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The signal acquisition unit includes a voltage sensor for measuring the voltage difference across the battery.

3. The battery protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The charge-discharge controller includes a microcontroller, a voltage comparator, and a communication interface. The microcontroller receives the voltage data transmitted by the signal acquisition unit through the communication interface, compares the voltage data with the preset threshold value using the voltage comparator, and sends the on-off signal to the power electronic components on the charging circuit or the discharging circuit according to the comparison result.

4. The battery protection apparatus of claim 3, wherein If the signal acquisition unit measures that the battery voltage difference is lower than the preset threshold value and the battery is not in the discharging state, the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to be turned on, thereby starting the photovoltaic assembly to charge the battery. When the battery voltage difference reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold value, it is determined that the battery reaches the charging saturation state, and the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to be turned off, so that the photovoltaic assembly stops charging the battery.

5. The battery protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The signal acquisition unit also includes a temperature sensor and a current sensor for measuring the current value and the temperature value during the charging and discharging of the battery, and transmitting the collected data to the charge-discharge controller for thermal management and charge-discharge management.

6. The battery protection apparatus of claim 5, wherein The current sensor is a CHB-25NP Hall current sensor.

7. The battery protection apparatus of claim 5, wherein The temperature sensor is a thermistor or an integrated temperature sensor.

8. The battery protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The photovoltaic assembly is erected on the vehicle frame through the mounting bracket.

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