Pultrusion die and pultrusion device

Abstract

The utility model provides a pultrusion die and a pultrusion device, and relates to the technical field of production and manufacturing of composite materials. The pultrusion mold comprises a main body part and an extrusion part, the main body part is provided with an inlet, a glue injection part and a dipping cavity, a to-be-pultrusion piece penetrates through the inlet, the glue injection part is used for injecting a thermoplastic resin glue solution into the dipping cavity, and the thermoplastic resin glue solution is used for dipping the to-be-pultrusion piece; one end, in the first direction, of the extrusion part communicates with the main body part, and an outlet is formed in the other end of the extrusion part and used for outputting the pultrusion piece impregnated with the thermoplastic resin glue solution; wherein the inner wall surface of the extrusion part is of a conical structure, and the large opening end of the conical structure faces the main body part; the included angle A between the inner wall face of the extrusion part and the first direction is larger than or equal to 20 degrees and smaller than or equal to 60 degrees, and the first direction is the extending direction of the main body part. The to-be-pultruded part is fully impregnated in the thermoplastic resin glue solution, and the shearing force on the to-be-pultruded part is reduced, so that the mechanical property and the appearance quality of the composite material can be considered at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model generally relates to the field of composite material production and manufacturing technology, and more specifically, to a pultrusion die and pultrusion device. Background Technology

[0002] In pultrusion molding, the pultrusion die provides pressure and the pultrusion process. Compared to thermosetting impregnated monomers, thermoplastic resins such as high-temperature nylon typically have higher viscosity. This makes fiber impregnation difficult within the molten high-temperature nylon, hindering the assurance of good mechanical properties. Furthermore, high-viscosity high-temperature nylon is subjected to greater shear forces, making it prone to localized degradation due to shear overheating. This can lead to yellowing or the formation of black spots, affecting the appearance quality. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention provides a pultrusion die and pultrusion device that can take into account both the mechanical properties and appearance quality of composite materials.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a pultrusion die is provided, comprising:

[0005] The main body is provided with an inlet, a glue injection section and an impregnation cavity. The inlet is used to insert the pultruded part, and the glue injection section is used to inject thermoplastic resin into the impregnation cavity in the main body. The thermoplastic resin is used to impregnate the pultruded part.

[0006] An extrusion section, one end of which is connected to the main body in a first direction, and the other end of which is provided with an outlet for outputting pultruded parts impregnated with the thermoplastic resin solution;

[0007] The inner wall of the extrusion section has a conical structure, with the larger end of the conical structure facing the main body.

[0008] Wherein, the angle between the inner wall surface of the extrusion section and the first direction is A, 20°≤A≤60°, and the first direction is the extension direction of the main body.

[0009] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0010] A guide roller is rotatably disposed within the main body. The guide roller is used to wrap around the pultruded part, such that at least part of the pultruded part is arranged at an angle to the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, there are multiple guide rollers, which are arranged along the first direction and the second direction;

[0012] And / or, the number of guide rollers is multiple, and the heights of two adjacent guide rollers along the second direction are different;

[0013] The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are all perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is parallel to the axial direction of the guide roller.

[0014] In some embodiments, the glue injection section has a glue inlet and a glue outlet, the glue inlet being disposed on the main body and / or on the outside of the main body, and the glue outlet being disposed inside the main body and communicating with the glue inlet;

[0015] In the second direction, among the two guide rollers closest to the outlet, the height of the guide roller closer to the outlet is greater than the height of the guide roller farther from the outlet.

[0016] In some embodiments, the dispensing section includes a blocking member that is at least partially surrounding the dispensing port.

[0017] In some embodiments, the dispensing section includes two spaced-apart guides, the dispensing port is disposed between the two guides, and the guides extend along the second direction.

[0018] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the height of the drain closer to the outlet is less than the height of the drain farther from the outlet.

[0019] In some embodiments, there are multiple glue-injecting portions, and the multiple glue-injecting portions are arranged along the first direction.

[0020] In some embodiments, a nitrogen or inert gas inlet is provided on the surface of the main body, the inlet being used to supply nitrogen or inert gas to the impregnation chamber.

[0021] In some embodiments, the air inlet is located between the glue injection section and the inlet, and is located close to the glue injection section.

[0022] In some embodiments, the air inlet is located between the glue injection section and the outlet, and is located close to the glue injection section.

[0023] In some embodiments, the air inlet is located between a plurality of glue injection sections.

[0024] In some embodiments, the number of air inlets is one.

[0025] In some embodiments, the number of air inlets is multiple.

[0026] In some embodiments, the plurality of air inlets are disposed between the glue injection section and the inlet; and / or, the plurality of air inlets are disposed between the glue injection section and the outlet; and / or, the plurality of air inlets are disposed between the plurality of glue injection sections.

[0027] In some embodiments, a gas supply pipe is also included, the gas inlet and the gas supply pipe being connected, the gas supply pipe being used to supply the nitrogen or inert gas to the gas inlet.

[0028] In some embodiments, the intake pressure at the air inlet is ≤0.6 MPa.

[0029] In some embodiments, the pultruded material is fiber.

[0030] In some embodiments, the thermoplastic resin liquid includes a melt of at least one resin selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0031] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a pultrusion apparatus, including the pultrusion die described above.

[0032] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0033] A yarn rack is used to support the pultruded part;

[0034] A yarn unfolding device is disposed between the yarn frame and the pultrusion die to unfold the pultruded part from the fiber bundle state to the fiber filament state.

[0035] In some embodiments, the yarn spreading device includes:

[0036] shell;

[0037] A yarn spreading roller is disposed inside the housing, and the pultruded part is wound around the yarn spreading roller;

[0038] The yarn spreading roller is configured to move along its axial direction and rotate relative to the housing.

[0039] In some embodiments, there are multiple yarn-spreading devices, and the multiple yarn-spreading devices are arranged along the second direction;

[0040] The pultrusion die includes multiple guide roller groups arranged along the second direction. The guide roller group includes a plurality of guide rollers rotatably disposed within the main body. The guide rollers are used to wrap around the pultruded part.

[0041] The number of the pultruded parts is multiple, and the multiple pultruded parts are arranged along the second direction. The multiple pultruded parts, the multiple yarn spreading devices and the multi-layer guide roller group are correspondingly arranged.

[0042] The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are all perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is parallel to the axial direction of the guide roller.

[0043] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0044] A preheating device is used to preheat the pultruded part;

[0045] The preheating device is located between the yarn spreading device and the yarn frame; or, the preheating device is located in the yarn spreading device.

[0046] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0047] A traction device is used to move the pultruded part from the inlet to the outlet;

[0048] A shaping and cooling device is located on the side of the pultrusion die away from the yarn spreading device.

[0049] In some implementations, it also includes:

[0050] A cutting device used to cut pultruded parts that have completed pultrusion. For example, cutting pultruded parts to obtain sheet metal.

[0051] One embodiment of this utility model has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0052] The pultrusion die and pultrusion device provided in this embodiment allow for relative movement between the injected thermoplastic resin and the pultrusion part during the entire forward movement of the part from the inlet to the outlet, making it easier for the thermoplastic resin to impregnate the part.

[0053] Because the inner wall of the extrusion section is an inclined surface with a certain angle, the thermoplastic resin near the outlet will flow back along the inclined surface into the impregnation cavity (i.e., inner cavity) of the main body. The thermoplastic resin increases the volume of the impregnating thermoplastic resin, thereby increasing the pressure applied to the pultruded part, which is beneficial for the thermoplastic resin to impregnate the surface and interior of the pultruded part.

[0054] By setting the angle A between the inner wall of the extrusion section and the first direction to ≤ 60°, it means that the inclination angle of the inner wall of the extrusion section is not too large. The thermoplastic resin near the outlet will flow back along the inner wall of the extrusion section into the impregnation chamber of the main body. This backflow of thermoplastic resin increases the impregnation force of the pultruded part, improving the impregnation effect. By setting the angle A between the inner wall of the extrusion section and the first direction to ≥ 20°, it means that the inclination angle of the inner wall of the extrusion section is not too small, and the length of the extrusion section along the first direction is not very long. This reduces the shear force of the thermoplastic resin on the pultruded part, effectively reducing black spots and yellowing, thereby improving the quality of the finished pultruded part.

[0055] By setting the included angle A between the inner wall of the extrusion section and the first direction within the range of 20° to 60°, the pultruded part can be adequately impregnated with thermoplastic resin while reducing the shear force on the pultruded part, thus simultaneously taking into account the mechanical properties and appearance quality of the composite material. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To better understand this invention, reference can be made to the embodiments shown in the following drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and related elements may be omitted to emphasize and clearly illustrate the technical features of this invention. Furthermore, related elements or components may have different arrangements as known in the art. Additionally, in the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar components in various figures. The above and other features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent by describing exemplary embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0057] in:

[0058] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the pultrusion device according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0059] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the yarn spreading device in the pultrusion apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0060] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the pultrusion die in the pultrusion apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0061] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the pultrusion die in the pultrusion apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0062] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the pultrusion device according to Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0063] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0064] 100. Parts to be pultruded;

[0065] 1. Yarn frame; 2. Yarn spreading device; 3. Pultrusion die; 4. Shaping and cooling device; 5. Traction device; 6. Cutting device;

[0066] 21. Outer casing; 22. Yarn spreading roller;

[0067] 31. Main body; 311. Inlet; 312. Glue injection section; 3121. Glue inlet; 3122. Glue outlet; 3123. Blocking component; 3124. Draining component; 313. Outlet; 314. Impregnation chamber;

[0068] 32. Extrusion section;

[0069] 33. Guide rollers. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, it should be understood that various modifications and changes can be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0071] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more; and the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. In particular, references to "the / described" object or "an" object are also intended to indicate one of a possible plurality of such objects.

[0072] Unless otherwise specified or stated, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, an electrical connection, or a signal connection; "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0073] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer" described in the exemplary embodiments of this utility model are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the exemplary embodiments of this utility model. It should also be understood that, in the context, when an element or feature is mentioned as being "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" of another element (one or more), it can be directly connected to the other element (one or more) "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer," or it can be indirectly connected to the other element (one or more) "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" through an intermediate element.

[0074] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] This embodiment provides a pultrusion device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pultrusion apparatus includes a yarn frame 1, a yarn spreading device 2, and a pultrusion die 3. The yarn frame 1 is used to support the pultruded part 100. Specifically, the pultruded part 100 is fiber or a fiber mesh, and the fiber is at least one of continuous glass fiber, carbon fiber, basalt fiber, and aramid fiber. The pultruded part 100 is inserted into the pultrusion die 3. After thermoplastic resin is introduced into the pultrusion die 3, the pultruded part 100 is immersed in the thermoplastic resin. The pultrusion die 3 is used to extrude the pultruded part 100 into shape.

[0077] Specifically, the yarn frame 1 includes a support (not shown in the figure) and a feeding roller mounted on the support. The pultruded part 100 is wound around the feeding roller, and the feeding roller rotates relative to the support to release the pultruded part 100. It is understood that there are multiple feeding rollers, arranged in a straight line or a rectangular array. At least some of the feeding rollers rotate simultaneously to simultaneously feed one or more bundles of fibers to the yarn spreading device 2, improving production efficiency.

[0078] In one embodiment, the pultrusion apparatus further includes a yarn spreading device 2, which is disposed between the yarn frame 1 and the pultrusion die 3, so that the pultruded part 100 is spread from a fiber bundle state to a fiber filament state. In this way, a fiber bundle can be spread to form multiple fiber monofilaments, which are staggered with each other and there is a certain gap between adjacent fiber monofilaments. When the fiber monofilaments are impregnated with thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin can cover the entire fiber monofilament, ensuring that the fiber monofilaments are fully impregnated with the thermoplastic resin, thereby ensuring the mechanical properties of the pultruded part after molding.

[0079] Specifically, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the yarn spreading device 2 includes a housing 21 and a yarn spreading roller 22. The yarn spreading roller 22 is rotatably disposed inside the housing 21, and the pultruded part 100 is wound around the yarn spreading roller 22. As the yarn spreading roller 22 rotates relative to the housing 21, the pultruded part 100 is conveyed while the yarn spreading roller 22 guides and flattens the pultruded part 100, so that the fiber bundle can be laid flat along the axial direction of the yarn spreading roller 22 to form multiple fiber monofilaments.

[0080] The ply-forming rollers 22 are arranged at intervals, and the ply-forming part 100 is sequentially wound around the ply-forming rollers 22. The ply-forming rollers 22 cooperate with each other to further improve the ply-forming effect of the ply-forming part 100. In addition, the ply-forming rollers 22 also act as tensioning wheels to a certain extent to ensure the tension of the ply-forming part 100 during the conveying process.

[0081] Specifically, the yarn spreading device 2 also includes a rotary drive source (not shown in the figure), which can be a rotary motor. There can be one rotary drive source, with its output connected to the drive wheel. Multiple yarn spreading rollers 22 are correspondingly connected to multiple driven rollers. A belt is wound around the drive wheel and the multiple driven rollers. The rotary drive source drives the drive wheel to rotate, causing the belt to move, and through the multiple driven rollers, drives the multiple yarn spreading rollers 22 to rotate, thus achieving synchronous rotation of multiple yarn spreading rollers 22 using one rotary drive source. Alternatively, there can be multiple rotary drive sources, with their outputs correspondingly connected to multiple yarn spreading rollers 22. These multiple rotary drive sources can drive the corresponding yarn spreading rollers 22 to rotate. Each yarn spreading roller 22 is independent of the others, and the rotation speed of each yarn spreading roller 22 can be adjusted according to actual usage needs.

[0082] The spreading roller 22 is configured to move along its axial direction. In this manner, the spreading roller 22 exhibits a lateral vibration effect, which facilitates the unfolding of the workpiece 100 along the axial direction of the spreading roller 22, further enhancing the spreading effect.

[0083] Specifically, the yarn spreading device 2 also includes a movable drive source (not shown in the figure) and a mounting base (not shown in the figure). The movable drive source can be a movable cylinder. The movable drive source is mounted on the housing 21, and its output end is connected to the mounting base. The mounting base is used to mount the rotary drive source and the yarn spreading roller 22. The movable drive source drives the rotary drive source and the yarn spreading roller 22 to move synchronously along the axial direction of the yarn spreading roller 22 through the mounting base.

[0084] In one embodiment, the pultrusion apparatus further includes a preheating device (not shown in the figure) for preheating the pultruded part 100. The preheating device is positioned between the yarn spreading device 2 and the yarn frame 1, preheating the pultruded part 100 before yarn spreading, which is beneficial for the subsequent yarn spreading and pultrusion processes. Alternatively, the preheating device can be integrated into the yarn spreading device 2, saving space and achieving both preheating and yarn spreading effects simultaneously.

[0085] In one embodiment, the pultrusion apparatus further includes a shaping and cooling device 4, which is located on the side of the pultrusion die 3 away from the yarn spreading device 2. The pultruded part after being pultruded by the pultrusion die 3 is shaped and cooled by the shaping and cooling device 4.

[0086] Specifically, the shaping and cooling device 4 can be a cylindrical or cuboid structure. The shaping and cooling device 4 has a cavity through which the pultruded part passes, and the shaping and cooling process is achieved within the cavity. It is understood that the preheating device and shaping and cooling device 4 provided in this embodiment are non-open structures, reducing the risk of localized degradation and discoloration of the thermoplastic resin.

[0087] In one embodiment, the pultrusion apparatus further includes a traction device 5. The traction device 5 can be located on the side of the shaping and cooling device 4 facing the pultrusion die 3, or it can be located on the side of the shaping and cooling device 4 away from the pultrusion die 3. The traction device 5 is used to drive the pultruded part 100 from the inlet 311 to the outlet 313. Driven by the traction device 5, the pultruded part 100 sequentially passes through the yarn spreading device 2, the pultrusion die 3, and the shaping and cooling device 4, realizing the yarn spreading, adhesive impregnation, and curing process, thereby achieving continuous production.

[0088] Among them, the traction device 5 has a traction speed v of 0.5m / s to 2m / s for the pultruded part 100.

[0089] Specifically, the traction device 5 includes a traction drive source, a traction roller, and a driven roller. The output end of the traction drive source is connected to the traction roller. The traction roller and the driven roller are arranged correspondingly and vertically. The pultruded part is disposed between the traction roller and the driven roller, and the two sides of the pultruded part are in contact with the traction roller and the driven roller respectively. The traction drive source drives the traction roller to rotate and drives the pultruded part to move. The driven roller is used to support the pultruded part and assist the pultruded part in moving.

[0090] It is understandable that there are multiple traction rollers and driven rollers, with multiple traction rollers and multiple driven rollers set up in correspondence. Multiple traction rollers drive the pultruded part to move at the same time, increasing the traction force of the pultruded part, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0091] Of course, in some embodiments, the traction device 5 may only have traction rollers and not driven rollers. Specifically, two traction rollers are arranged correspondingly and vertically to form a set of traction rollers. The two traction rollers rotate in opposite directions and jointly drive the pultruded part to move, increasing the traction force of the pultruded part. Multiple sets of traction rollers are arranged along the extension direction of the pultruded part to further improve the traction force of the pultruded part.

[0092] In one embodiment, the pultrusion apparatus further includes a cutting device 6, which is located on the side of the traction device 5 away from the shaping and cooling device 4, and is used to cut the pultruded part after pultrusion. This arrangement allows the pultruded part to be cut into multiple segments according to actual production needs, facilitating packaging, storage, and transportation.

[0093] This embodiment also provides a pultrusion die 3, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, the pultrusion die 3 includes a main body 31 and an extrusion section 32. The main body 31 has a cylindrical or cuboid structure and is hollow. It includes an inlet 311, a resin injection section 312, and an impregnation chamber 314. The impregnation chamber 314 communicates with the inlet 311 and the resin injection section 312. The inlet 311 is used to insert the pultruded part 100, and the resin injection section 312 is used to inject thermoplastic resin liquid, which impregnates the pultruded part 100. One end of the extrusion section 32 is connected to the main body 31 along a first direction, and the other end has an outlet 313 for outputting the pultruded part impregnated with thermoplastic resin liquid. The first direction is the extension direction of the main body 31 (identified by D1).

[0094] Specifically, thermoplastic resin is injected into the impregnation chamber 314 of the main body 31 using the injection section 312. The pultruded part 100 enters the impregnation chamber 314 of the main body 31 from the inlet 311. After being impregnated with the thermoplastic resin, the pultruded part 100 is output through the outlet 313. During the entire forward movement of the pultruded part 100 from the inlet 311 to the outlet 313, there is relative movement between the injected thermoplastic resin and the pultruded part 100, making it easier for the thermoplastic resin to impregnate the pultruded part 100.

[0095] If the extrusion section 32 is a flat structure, the impregnation force of the thermoplastic resin near the outlet 313 on the pultruded part 100 will be insufficient, which will affect the impregnation effect. Therefore, the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 is a conical structure, with the larger end of the conical structure facing the main body 31.

[0096] In this manner, since the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 is an inclined surface with a certain angle, the thermoplastic resin near the outlet 313 will flow back along the inclined surface into the impregnation cavity 314 of the main body 31. The thermoplastic resin increases the volume of the impregnating thermoplastic resin, thereby increasing the pressure applied to the pultruded part 100, which is beneficial for the thermoplastic resin to impregnate the surface and interior of the pultruded part 100.

[0097] If the tilt angle of the inclined surface is too small, the contact time between the thermoplastic resin liquid in the extrusion section 32 and the pultruded part 100 will be relatively long, which will result in a relatively large shear force of the thermoplastic resin liquid, which will easily cause black spots and yellowing, affecting the appearance quality of the finished pultruded part.

[0098] Therefore, the included angle between the inner wall surface of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction is A; wherein, 20°≤A≤60°.

[0099] By setting the angle A between the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction to ≤60°, it means that the inclination angle of the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 is not too large. The thermoplastic resin near the outlet 313 will flow back along the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 into the impregnation chamber 314 of the main body 31. The returned thermoplastic resin increases the impregnation force of the pultruded part 100, improving the impregnation effect. By setting the angle A between the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction to ≥20°, it means that the inclination angle of the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 is not too small, and the length of the extrusion section 32 along the first direction is not very long. This results in a smaller shear force on the pultruded part 100 from the thermoplastic resin, effectively reducing black spots and yellowing, thereby improving the quality of the finished pultruded part. Therefore, by adjusting the inclination angle of the inner wall of the extrusion section 32, the shear force of the pultrusion die 3 can be well controlled, effectively reducing the yellowing value and black spot phenomenon of the finished pultruded part.

[0100] By setting the included angle A between the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction to be within the range of 20° to 60°, while ensuring sufficient impregnation of the pultruded part 100 with thermoplastic resin, the shear force on the pultruded part 100 can be reduced, thereby simultaneously taking into account the mechanical properties and appearance quality of the composite material.

[0101] The thermoplastic resin solution includes a melt of at least one resin selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. Specifically, nylon (PA) can be selected as the thermoplastic resin solution. When high-temperature nylon is selected as the thermoplastic resin solution, it is not necessary to increase the polymer molecular weight during pultrusion molding, thus reducing bubble generation, and negative pressure reaction is not required, reducing oxidation.

[0102] Antioxidants, lubricants, and nucleating agents can also be added to thermoplastic resin adhesives. Specific antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, phosphate ester antioxidants, and inorganic phosphates, such as antioxidant 1010, antioxidant H10, and antioxidant 1098. Lubricants can be liquid or solid lubricants, polyethylene wax, vinyl bis-stearamide, etc., while nucleating agents can include talc, silica, and hexagonal boron nitride.

[0103] In one embodiment, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, the pultrusion die 3 also includes a guide roller 33, which is rotatably disposed within the main body 31. The guide roller 33 is used to wrap around the pultruded part 100. As the guide roller 33 rotates relative to the main body 31, the pultruded part 100 is wrapped around the outer periphery of the guide roller 33, and the guide roller 33 plays a role in assisting in the conveying of the pultruded part 100. The pultruded part 100 is not conveyed and pulled in a completely linear manner along the first direction within the main body 31. At least part of the pultruded part 100 is arranged at an angle to the first direction, making the conveying trajectory of the pultruded part 100 a broken line. This increases the degree of tortuosity of the conveying of the pultruded part 100 within the main body 31, thereby ensuring the contact area between the pultruded part 100 and the thermoplastic resin liquid, and ensuring the sufficiency of the pultruded part 100 in the thermoplastic resin liquid.

[0104] In addition, the impregnation and pultrusion processes of the pultruded part 100 are carried out simultaneously, eliminating the need for two separate operations of pre-impregnation and pultrusion. The operation is simple, and there is no need for heating and cooling with water, which reduces the impact of water on the high-temperature yellowing and small black spots of the finished pultruded part.

[0105] Specifically, there are multiple guide rollers 33, which are arranged along a first direction and a second direction; wherein the first direction (marked by D1), the second direction (marked by D2), and the third direction (marked by D3) are perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the guide rollers 33.

[0106] With this arrangement, the multiple guide rollers 33 are not arranged unidirectionally in one direction, but in two directions, the first direction and the second direction, so that the multiple guide rollers 33 are staggered. When the pultruded part 100 is respectively wound around the multiple guide rollers 33, the distribution trajectory of the pultruded part 100 is a broken line, which increases the immersion time of the pultruded part 100 in the thermoplastic resin liquid.

[0107] Specifically, the heights of two adjacent guide rollers 33 are different along the second direction. When the pultruded part 100 is conveyed along the first direction from the inlet 311 to the outlet 313, due to the height difference between the two adjacent guide rollers 33, there is also a height difference between the contact positions between the pultruded part 100 and the two adjacent guide rollers 33, which prolongs the immersion time of the pultruded part 100 in the main body 31 to ensure the immersion effect of the pultruded part 100 in the thermoplastic resin liquid.

[0108] In one embodiment, the injection section 312 is connected to an injection device, which includes an extruder and a gear pump. The gear pump provides conveying power for the thermoplastic resin liquid, and the extruder is used to inject the thermoplastic resin liquid into the injection section 312.

[0109] The injection pressure of the injection section 312 is 1 MPa to 5 MPa. In one embodiment, there are multiple injection sections 312, which are arranged along a first direction. The multiple injection sections 312 can simultaneously inject thermoplastic resin into the impregnation cavity 314 of the main body 31, thereby improving the injection efficiency.

[0110] In one embodiment, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, the glue injection section 312 has a glue inlet 3121 and a glue outlet 3122. The glue inlet 3121 is located on the main body 31 or on the outside of the main body 31, so that the operator can add thermoplastic resin glue from the outside of the main body 31. The glue outlet 3122 is located inside the main body 31 and communicates with the glue inlet 3121. The thermoplastic resin glue added from the glue inlet 3121 is output from the glue outlet 3122 to the impregnation cavity 314 of the main body 31.

[0111] In the second direction, among the two guide rollers 33 closest to the outlet 3122, the height of one guide roller 33 closer to the outlet 313 is greater than the height of the other guide roller 33 farther from the outlet 313.

[0112] With this configuration, the guide roller 33 near the inlet 311 is relatively low in height, while the guide roller 33 near the outlet 313 is relatively high in height. The conveying direction of the portion of the pultruded part 100 corresponding to the glue outlet 3122 is obliquely upward. This conveying direction can be decomposed into a first conveying direction and a second conveying direction. The first conveying direction is along the first direction and towards the outlet 313, while the second conveying direction is upward along the second direction towards the glue outlet 3122. The glue outlet 3122's glue discharge direction is along the second direction towards the pultruded part 100. At this time, the pultruded part 100 has an upward movement tendency along the second direction, while the thermoplastic resin liquid has a downward movement tendency at the glue outlet 3122. There is relative movement between the pultruded part 100 and the thermoplastic resin liquid, which is beneficial for the thermoplastic resin liquid to impregnate the pultruded part 100.

[0113] It is understandable that there is a line connecting the central axes of the two guide rollers 33 closest to the dispensing port 3122 in the projection of the reference plane, and the angle between the extension direction of the dispensing port 3122 in the projection of the reference plane and the connecting line is an obtuse angle; wherein, the connecting line is the plane in which the reference plane contains the first direction and the second direction.

[0114] In one embodiment, the injection section 312 includes a blocking member 3123, which is at least partially disposed around the injection port 3121. When thermoplastic resin is injected into the injection port 3121, the blocking member 3123 acts as a barrier to prevent excessive thermoplastic resin from overflowing onto the surface of the main body 31.

[0115] Specifically, the blocking member 3123 is an annular protrusion protruding from the surface of the main body 31, further reducing the risk of thermoplastic resin liquid overflowing on the surface of the main body 31. The blocking member 3123 and the main body 31 are integrally molded, reducing the number of parts assembly steps and saving production costs.

[0116] In one embodiment, the injection section 312 includes two spaced-apart guides 3124, with an outlet 3122 disposed between the two guides 3124. The guides 3124 extend along a second direction. The extension direction of the guides 3124 is the same as the injection direction of the thermoplastic resin adhesive. The guides 3124 can guide the flow of the thermoplastic resin adhesive and limit its flow path. Simultaneously, the guides 3124 can extend to the vicinity of the pultruded part 100, reducing the distance between the outlet 3122 and the pultruded part 100, allowing the thermoplastic resin adhesive flowing from the outlet 3122 to directly act on the pultruded part 100, ensuring sufficient impregnation of the pultruded part 100 with the molten thermoplastic resin adhesive.

[0117] In one embodiment, along the second direction, the height of the drain 3124 closer to the outlet 313 is less than the height of the drain 3124 farther from the outlet 313.

[0118] In this way, the lower end of the injection section 312 along the second direction is not a flat structure, but has some height difference, so that the lower end of the injection section 312 matches the pultruded part 100 which is in an upward trend, thus achieving a conformal effect, reducing the distance between the guide part 3124 and the pultruded part 100, and further ensuring that the thermoplastic resin liquid flowing out from the outlet 3122 can flow directly onto the pultruded part 100.

[0119] In one embodiment, the surface of the main body 31 is provided with an air inlet (not shown in the figure), which is used to supply nitrogen or inert gas to the impregnation chamber 314. Nitrogen or inert gas can slow down the thermo-oxidative aging that occurs during the impregnation process, thereby reducing quality problems such as yellowing or black spots.

[0120] For example, the air inlet is located between the glue injection section 312 and the inlet 311, and is positioned close to the glue injection section 312; and / or, the air inlet is located between the glue injection section 312 and the outlet 313, and is positioned close to the glue injection section 312; and / or, the air inlet is located among multiple glue injection sections 312. This embodiment does not limit the location of the air inlet and can be adjusted according to actual production conditions.

[0121] For example, the number of air inlets is one or more. When the number of air inlets is multiple, the multiple air inlets are disposed between the glue injection section 312 and the inlet; and / or, the multiple air inlets are disposed between the glue injection section 312 and the outlet 313; and / or, the multiple air inlets are disposed between two adjacent glue injection sections 312.

[0122] In one embodiment, the pultrusion die 3 further includes a gas supply pipe, with the gas inlet connected to the gas supply pipe, which is used to supply nitrogen or inert gas to the gas inlet.

[0123] The air inlet pressure is ≤0.6 MPa. This setting prevents the thermoplastic resin from being forced out by excessive air pressure.

[0124] It should be noted that it is not necessary to set a separate vent. Nitrogen or inert gas can be discharged from the inlet 311 or outlet 313 of the main body 31. Alternatively, a separate vent can be set on the main body 31 as needed.

[0125] Example 1

[0126] The thermoplastic resin solution is a melt of PA5T / 56 resin. Antioxidant, lubricant, and nucleating agent are added to the melt. The mass ratio of PA5T / 56 resin, antioxidant, lubricant, and nucleating agent is 30:0.03:0.03:0.04. PA5T / 56 resin includes terminal amino and terminal carboxyl groups, with 43 mol / t of terminal amino groups and 89 mol / t of terminal carboxyl groups. The relative viscosity of PA5T / 56 resin is 1.8, the melting point is 270℃, the antioxidant is H10, the lubricant is polyethylene wax, and the nucleating agent is silica. The pultruded part 100 is a continuous glass fiber bundle.

[0127] Thermoplastic resin is injected into the impregnation chamber 314 of the main body 31 through the injection section 312 of the pultrusion die 3. The angle between the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction is 30°. The injection pressure is 2 MPa, and the traction speed of the traction device 5 is 1 m / s. Under the driving action of the traction device 5, the pultruded part 100 is spread and preheated by the yarn spreading device 2, enters the interior of the main body 31 through the inlet 311 of the pultrusion die 3, is impregnated with thermoplastic resin, and exits through the outlet 313 of the pultrusion die 3. After being shaped and cooled by the shaping and cooling device 4, it is cut by the cutting device 6 to obtain the pultruded sheet. The preheating temperature is 150°C, the impregnation temperature is 285°C, and the cooling temperature is 20°C.

[0128] Example 2

[0129] The thermoplastic resin solution is a melt of PA5T / 512 resin. Antioxidant, lubricant, and nucleating agent are added to the melt. The mass ratio of PA5T / 512 resin, antioxidant, lubricant, and nucleating agent is 25:0.07:0.07:0.04. PA5T / 512 resin includes terminal amino and terminal carboxyl groups, with 48 mol / t of terminal amino groups and 77 mol / t of terminal carboxyl groups. The relative viscosity of PA5T / 512 resin is 1.9, the melting point is 270℃, the antioxidant is H10, the lubricant is polyethylene wax, and the nucleating agent is silicon dioxide. The pultruded part 100 is a continuous glass fiber bundle.

[0130] Thermoplastic resin is injected into the impregnation chamber 314 of the main body 31 through the injection section 312 of the pultrusion die 3. The angle between the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction is 35°. The injection pressure is 3MPa, and the traction speed of the traction device 5 is 0.6m / s. Under the driving action of the traction device 5, the pultruded part 100 is spread and preheated by the yarn spreading device 2, enters the interior of the main body 31 through the inlet 311 of the pultrusion die 3, is impregnated with thermoplastic resin, and exits through the outlet 313 of the pultrusion die 3. After being shaped and cooled by the shaping and cooling device 4, it is cut by the cutting device 6 to obtain the pultruded sheet. The preheating temperature is 155℃, the impregnation temperature is 288℃, and the cooling temperature is 18℃.

[0131] Comparative Example

[0132] The thermoplastic resin solution is a melt of PA5T / 512 resin. Antioxidant, lubricant, and nucleating agent are added to the melt. The mass ratio of PA5T / 512 resin, antioxidant, lubricant, and nucleating agent is 25:0.07:0.07:0.04. PA5T / 512 resin includes terminal amino and terminal carboxyl groups, with 48 mol / t of terminal amino groups and 77 mol / t of terminal carboxyl groups. The relative viscosity of PA5T / 512 resin is 1.9, the melting point is 271℃, the antioxidant is H10, the lubricant is polyethylene wax, and the nucleating agent is silicon dioxide. The pultruded part 100 is a continuous glass fiber bundle.

[0133] Thermoplastic resin is injected into the impregnation chamber 314 of the main body 31 through the injection section 312 of the pultrusion die 3. The angle between the inner wall of the extrusion section 32 and the first direction is 10°, the injection pressure is 3MPa, and the traction speed of the traction device 5 is 3m / s. Under the driving action of the traction device 5, the pultruded part 100 is spread and preheated by the yarn spreading device 2, enters the interior of the main body 31 through the inlet 311 of the pultrusion die 3, is impregnated with thermoplastic resin, and exits through the outlet 313 of the pultrusion die 3. After being shaped and cooled by the shaping and cooling device 4, it is cut by the cutting device 6 to obtain the pultruded sheet. The pretreatment temperature is 155℃, the impregnation temperature is 288℃, and the cooling temperature is 18℃.

[0134] The test results of the pultruded sheets obtained in Examples 1, 2 and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0135] Table 1: Test Results of Pultruded Sheets

[0136]

[0137] *Note: In Table 1, "%" represents volume percentage.

[0138] Specifically, the performance testing methods for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin composites (or pultruded sheets) include:

[0139] (1) Bending strength: ISO 14125.

[0140] (2) Flexural modulus: ISO 14125.

[0141] (3) b-value and L-value: Tested using a colorimeter. The b-value represents the yellow-blue tint of the color; a positive value represents yellow, and a negative value represents blue. The larger the b-value, the more pronounced the yellow or blue tint of the color. The L-value represents the lightness or darkness of the color, ranging from 0 to 100. 0 represents pure black, and 100 represents pure white. The higher the L-value, the brighter the color.

[0142] Among them, the relative viscosity test of the resin:

[0143] Ubbelohde viscometer concentrated sulfuric acid method: Accurately weigh 0.5 ± 0.0002 g of dried polyamide resin sample, add 50 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) to dissolve it to obtain a polyamide solution, and measure and record the flow time t0 of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the flow time t of the polyamide solution in a 25℃ constant temperature water bath. Relative viscosity calculation formula: Relative viscosity ηr = t / t0.

[0144] Test of terminal amino and terminal carboxyl group content of resin:

[0145] After dissolving the sample in trifluoroethanol, the titration was performed using hydrochloric acid standard solution and sodium hydroxide standard solution, respectively.

[0146] Example 2

[0147] This embodiment is similar to Embodiment 1, except for the detailed structure of the pultrusion die 3 and the yarn spreading device 2.

[0148] like Figure 5 As shown, the pultrusion die 3 provided in this embodiment includes a multi-layered guide roller assembly arranged along the second direction. The guide roller assembly includes multiple guide rollers 33 rotatably disposed within the main body 31. The guide rollers 33 are used to wind around the pultruded part 100. The multi-layered guide roller assembly makes full use of the height space of the main body 31 along the second direction, resulting in high space utilization. The multi-layered guide roller assembly can simultaneously realize the conveying and impregnation of multiple pultruded parts 100, improving the conveying and impregnation efficiency.

[0149] In one embodiment, there are multiple yarn spreading devices 2 arranged along a second direction, and multiple pultruded parts 100 arranged along the second direction. The multiple pultruded parts 100, the multiple yarn spreading devices 2, and the multi-layer guide roller group are correspondingly arranged. The multiple yarn spreading devices 2 are used to spread the yarn of the multiple pultruded parts 100, avoiding the mixing of the multiple pultruded parts 100.

[0150] It should be noted that the embodiments of this utility model are merely one example of the principles employed by the present utility model, as shown in the accompanying drawings and described herein. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the principles of this utility model are not limited to any details or components of the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawings or described in the specification.

[0151] It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the detailed structure and arrangement of the components described herein. This invention can have other embodiments and can be implemented and performed in various ways. The foregoing variations and modifications fall within the scope of this invention. It should be understood that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned or apparent in the text and / or drawings. All these different combinations constitute multiple alternative aspects of this invention. The embodiments described in this specification illustrate the best known mode for implementing this invention and will enable those skilled in the art to utilize this invention.

[0152] Other embodiments of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and exemplary embodiments are to be considered as exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the invention are indicated by the appended claims.

[0153] It should be understood that this utility model is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of protection of this utility model is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pultrusion die, characterized by, The device comprises: a main body part, which is provided with an inlet, a glue injection part and an impregnation cavity, the inlet is used for threading a to-be-pultruded member, the glue injection part is used for injecting a thermoplastic resin glue solution into the impregnation cavity in the main body part, and the thermoplastic resin glue solution is used for impregnating the to-be-pultruded member; an extrusion part, which is communicated with the main body part at one end in a first direction and is provided with an outlet at the other end, and the outlet is used for outputting the to-be-pultruded member impregnated by the thermoplastic resin glue solution; wherein the inner wall surface of the extrusion part is a conical structure, and the large-end of the conical structure is arranged towards the main body part; wherein the included angle between the inner wall surface of the extrusion part and the first direction is A, and 20°≤A≤60°, and the first direction is the extension direction of the main body part.

2. The pultrusion die of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: a plurality of guide rollers, which are rotationally arranged in the main body part, and the guide rollers are used for winding the to-be-pultruded member, so that the to-be-pultruded member is arranged at an included angle with the first direction.

3. The pultrusion die of claim 2, wherein, The number of the guide rollers is multiple, and the multiple guide rollers are arranged along the first direction and a second direction; and / or, the number of the guide rollers is multiple, and the heights of adjacent two guide rollers along the second direction are different; wherein the first direction, the second direction and a third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the third direction is parallel to the axial direction of the guide rollers.

4. The pultrusion die of claim 3, wherein, The glue injection part is provided with a glue inlet and a glue outlet, the glue inlet is arranged on and / or outside the main body part, and the glue outlet is arranged inside the main body part and is communicated with the glue inlet; wherein along the second direction, among the two guide rollers closest to the glue outlet, the height of the guide roller close to the outlet is greater than the height of the guide roller far from the outlet.

5. The pultrusion die of claim 4, wherein, The glue injection part comprises a blocking part, and the blocking part is at least partially arranged around the glue inlet.

6. The pultrusion die of claim 4, wherein, The glue injection part comprises two spaced apart flow guide parts, the glue outlet is arranged between the two flow guide parts, and the flow guide parts extend along the second direction.

7. The pultrusion die of claim 6, wherein, Along the second direction, the height of the flow guide part close to the outlet among the two flow guide parts is less than the height of the flow guide part far from the outlet.

8. The pultrusion die according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The number of the glue injection parts is multiple, and the multiple glue injection parts are arranged along the first direction.

9. The pultrusion die according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The to-be-pultruded member is a fiber.

10. The pultrusion die according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The main body part is provided with an air inlet on the surface, and the air inlet is used for providing nitrogen or inert gas to the impregnation cavity.

11. The pultrusion die of claim 10, wherein, The air inlet is arranged between the glue injection part and the inlet and close to the glue injection part; and / or, the air inlet is arranged between the glue injection part and the outlet and close to the glue injection part; and / or, the air inlet is arranged between the multiple glue injection parts.

12. The pultrusion die of claim 10, wherein, The number of the air inlets is one; or, the number of the air inlets is multiple, the multiple air inlets are arranged between the glue injection part and the inlet, and / or the multiple air inlets are arranged between the glue injection part and the outlet, and / or the multiple air inlets are arranged between adjacent two glue injection parts.

13. The pultrusion die of claim 10, wherein, Further comprising a gas conveying pipe, the air inlet and the gas conveying pipe are communicated, and the gas conveying pipe is used for providing the nitrogen or inert gas to the air inlet.

14. A pultrusion device characterized by, The pultrusion die of any one of claims 1-13.

15. The pultrusion apparatus of claim 14, wherein, Further comprising: a creel for carrying the to-be-pultruded member; a spreader arranged between the creel and the pultrusion die, for spreading the to-be-pultruded member from a fiber bundle state to a fiber filament state.

16. The pultrusion apparatus of claim 15, wherein, The spreader comprises: a housing; a spreader roller arranged in the housing, the to-be-pultruded member being wound around the spreader roller; wherein the spreader roller is configured to be movable along an axial direction of the spreader roller and rotatable relative to the housing.

17. The pultrusion apparatus of claim 15, wherein, The number of the spreaders is plural, and the plural spreaders are arranged along a second direction; and / or, the pultrusion die comprises a plurality of guide roller groups arranged along the second direction, each guide roller group comprising a plurality of guide rollers rotatably arranged in the main body, the guide rollers being used for winding the to-be-pultruded member; and / or, the number of the to-be-pultruded members is plural, and the plural to-be-pultruded members are arranged along the second direction, the plural to-be-pultruded members, the plural spreaders and the plurality of guide roller groups being correspondingly arranged; wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other in pairs, and the third direction is parallel to an axial direction of the guide rollers.

18. The pultrusion apparatus of claim 15, wherein, Further comprising: a preheating device for preheating the to-be-pultruded member; wherein the preheating device is arranged between the spreader and the creel, or the preheating device is arranged in the spreader.

19. The pultrusion apparatus of claim 15, wherein, Further comprising: a traction device for driving the to-be-pultruded member to move from the inlet to the outlet; a shaping and cooling device arranged on a side of the pultrusion die away from the spreader.

20. The pultrusion apparatus of claim 19, wherein, Further comprising: a cutting device for cutting the pultruded member after pultrusion.

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