Passenger car

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of common vehicles, in particular to a passenger car. The passenger car comprises a steel skin and a side wall framework, the front end and the rear end, used for being connected with the steel skin, of the side wall framework are fixedly connected with profiling connecting pieces protruding outwards respectively, and the front end and the rear end of the steel skin are welded to the profiling connecting pieces respectively or connected to the profiling connecting pieces through fasteners. Gluing gaps are formed between the upper edge and the lower edge of the steel skin and the side wall framework, and the gluing gaps are filled with structural adhesive so that the upper edge and the lower edge of the steel skin can be fixedly bonded with the side wall framework. According to the passenger car, the problems of thermal deformation and hard connection caused by welding can be reduced in a welding and bonding combined mode, motion loads can be effectively absorbed to play a buffering role, and therefore the connecting flatness of the steel skin on the side wall framework is guaranteed, and the appearance quality of the passenger car is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of general vehicle technology, and in particular to a passenger vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scale of domestic and international tourism markets and the growing demand for improved driving and riding experiences among customers in the bus market, the requirements for the appearance of buses are also becoming increasingly stringent. In the bus manufacturing process, the connection between the side frame and the steel skin is a crucial step, as the quality of this connection directly affects the structural strength, safety, service life, and overall appearance of the bus.

[0003] In traditional processes, carbon dioxide shielded welding (CO2 welding) is commonly used to connect the side frame and steel skin of buses. CO2 welding is a welding technique that uses a shielding gas (carbon dioxide) and an electric arc to achieve a metal-to-metal connection. The shielding gas primarily isolates oxygen, water vapor, and other impurities in the air to prevent them from negatively impacting the metal during the welding process. The electric arc generates high temperatures, melting the welding wire and the base material to form a strong weld, thus completing the connection. CO2 welding is widely used in connecting the side frame and steel skin of buses due to its advantages such as good weld quality, high production efficiency, ease of operation, and low cost.

[0004] However, some defects cannot be completely avoided during the welding process. For example, the inherent thermal deformation of welding itself causes the weldment to be subjected to a large amount of heat in a short period, leading to localized thermal expansion of the material and potential shrinkage deformation upon cooling. Furthermore, welding is a rigid connection, meaning the connection between metal components at the weld is too rigid and lacks toughness and cushioning. Therefore, during bus operation, this rigid connection cannot absorb or disperse the motion loads on the side frame and steel skin during travel or bumps, potentially leading to defects such as localized cracks or fatigue fractures at the connection point. Moreover, this rigid connection method cannot recover from the thermal deformation caused during welding. These unavoidable defects during welding affect the flatness of the steel skin, thus impacting the overall appearance quality of the bus. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a bus that solves the problem in the prior art where the side frame and steel skin of the bus are welded together, resulting in thermal deformation and hard connection that causes the steel skin to deform irreversibly and reduces flatness.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the bus of this utility model adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A passenger bus includes a steel skin and a side frame. The front and rear ends of the side frame for connecting the steel skin are respectively fixedly connected to outwardly protruding contoured connectors. The front and rear ends of the steel skin are respectively welded or connected to the contoured connectors by fasteners. A glue-applied gap is formed between the upper and lower edges of the steel skin and the side frame. The glue-applied gap is filled with structural adhesive to bond and fix the upper and lower edges of the steel skin to the side frame.

[0008] Furthermore, several leveling support structures are provided on the side frame at positions corresponding to the upper and lower edges of the steel skin to prevent the steel skin from denting.

[0009] Furthermore, the leveling support structure includes a leveling frame fixed to the side frame and a buffer pad disposed between the leveling frame and the inner side of the steel skin.

[0010] Furthermore, the leveling frame is a U-shaped piece, and the opening of the U-shaped piece faces the side frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper leveling support structure is connected to the lower window beam, and its bottom surface is higher than the bottom surface of the lower window beam. The downward gap formed by the lower window beam, the leveling support structure, and the steel skin constitutes the sealant gap.

[0012] Furthermore, the flattening support structure located on the lower side is connected to the waist beam, and its top surface is lower than the top surface of the waist beam. The upward gap formed by the waist beam, the flattening support structure, and the steel skin constitutes the glue application gap.

[0013] Furthermore, the cushioning pad is a high-temperature resistant sponge.

[0014] Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant sponge is a high-temperature rubber-plastic sponge.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper edge of the steel skin is a Z-shaped or L-shaped folded edge arranged towards the side frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the lower edge of the steel skin is an L-shaped folded edge arranged towards the side frame.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: This utility model of a bus is a pioneering invention. The bus of this utility model includes a steel skin and a side frame. The steel skin has high hardness and strength, effectively improving the bus's ability to withstand loads and resist impacts, thus significantly enhancing its safety. The front and rear ends of the side frame are respectively fixedly connected to outward-protruding contoured connectors, which are then welded to the corresponding front and rear ends of the steel skin or connected by fasteners, providing a smoother connection surface for the steel skin. The upper and lower edges of the steel skin are bonded to the side frame using structural adhesive. This bonded-welded connection method not only reduces thermal deformation and hard connections caused by welding but also effectively absorbs moving loads to act as a buffer, ensuring the flatness of the steel skin connection to the side frame and thus improving the bus's appearance. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the steel skin and the lower window beam in one embodiment of the passenger vehicle of this utility model;

[0019] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the steel skin and the waist beam in one embodiment of the passenger vehicle of this utility model.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Window sill beam; 2. Waist beam; 3. Steel skin; 4. Structural adhesive; 5. U-shaped component; 6. High-temperature rubber and plastic sponge. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The features and performance of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0022] The bus of this utility model utilizes a combination of welding and bonding, which not only reduces the thermal deformation caused by welding, but also effectively absorbs moving loads to play a buffering role, thereby ensuring the flatness of the steel skin connection on the side frame and improving the appearance quality of the bus.

[0023] Based on the above inventive concept, as a basic solution, such as Figs. 1-2As shown, the bus of this utility model includes a steel skin 3 and a side frame. The steel skin 3 has high hardness and strength, which can effectively improve the bus's ability to withstand loads and resist impact forces, thereby effectively improving the bus's safety. The front and rear ends of the side frame, which connect to the steel skin 3, are respectively fixedly connected with outwardly protruding contoured connectors. These contoured connectors are specially designed to replicate or reproduce specific shapes, contours, or structural features. When installed at the front and rear ends of the side frame, they can accurately match the complex curved surfaces of the side frame, providing a stable and flat connection reference surface for the steel skin 3. This ensures a tight fit between the steel skin 3 and the side frame, avoiding connection defects caused by shape mismatch. The front and rear ends of the steel skin are welded or connected to the contoured connectors using fasteners. Welding provides high connection strength and reliability, offering a more robust connection suitable for applications requiring high tensile and compressive forces. Furthermore, welding improves work efficiency and simplifies operation for connecting the steel skin 3 to the side frame, making it suitable for mass production of buses. A sealant gap is formed between the upper and lower edges of the steel skin 3 and the side frame, specifically at the corresponding window lower beam 1 and waist beam 2 on the side frame. This sealant gap is filled with structural adhesive 4 to bond and fix the upper and lower edges of the steel skin to the side frame. This adhesive-welded connection method not only reduces thermal deformation and rigid connections caused by welding but also effectively absorbs dynamic loads to provide a buffering effect, thereby ensuring the flatness of the steel skin 3 connection on the side frame and improving the overall appearance of the bus.

[0024] In addition, as another implementation, the front and rear ends of the steel skin 3 are respectively connected to the contour connector by fasteners, such as by riveting. Riveting usually involves inserting rivets into two objects that need to be connected and using the deformation of the rivets to connect and fix them. It also has high connection strength and stability and is not easy to loosen.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, several leveling support structures are provided on the side frame at positions corresponding to the upper and lower edges of the steel skin 3 to prevent the steel skin 3 from sagging. When the steel skin 3 is not fully fixed, i.e., the front and rear ends of the steel skin 3 are fixed while the middle position is suspended, the body length of a bus is usually around 8-12 meters. Therefore, when subjected to external forces, the steel skin 3 may develop uneven wavy patterns along its length, resulting in an uneven surface. Therefore, the leveling support structures can support the recessed portion of the steel skin 3, adjust the gap between the steel skin 3 and the side frame to maintain uniformity, thereby improving the flatness of the steel skin 3 on the vehicle body, keeping the bus appearance flat, and further enhancing the appearance quality of the bus. In other embodiments, no leveling support structures are provided; during adhesive application, the thickness of the adhesive supports the recessed portion of the steel skin 3 to maintain a uniform connection distance between it and the side frame.

[0026] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figs. 1-2 As shown, the leveling support structure includes a leveling frame fixed to the side frame and a buffer pad disposed between the leveling frame and the inner side of the steel skin 3. The leveling frame can be fixed to the window lower beam 1 and the waist beam 2 of the side frame by welding. In addition, the leveling frame can be evenly distributed or disposed in the depressions formed by the bending of the steel skin 3 to level and support the steel skin 3. The buffer pad can prevent the steel skin 3 from directly contacting the leveling frame rigidly, thereby avoiding defects such as accelerated wear caused by rigid contact. The buffer pad can also absorb the vibration of the bus during operation and the noise generated by the vibration. In addition, the buffer pad can also play a certain role in leveling the steel skin 3.

[0027] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figs. 1-2 As shown, the leveling frame is a U-shaped component 5, with the opening of the U-shaped component 5 facing the side frame. This shape of the U-shaped component 5 gives it good support performance and can withstand large loads, thus providing stable support for the vehicle body structure and ensuring the overall stability and safety of the vehicle body. In addition, while ensuring stable support, it can also save materials, reducing the weight of the leveling support component and thus reducing the weight of the entire bus. In other embodiments, pads can also be used to level the steel skin 3 and provide support.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the upper leveling support structure is connected to the lower window beam 1, and its bottom surface is higher than the bottom surface of the lower window beam 1. The downward gap formed by the lower window beam 1, the leveling support structure, and the steel skin 3 constitutes the adhesive application gap. The structural adhesive 4 is then filled into this gap. This layout not only saves space but also prevents external rainwater or dust from seeping into the gaps and reducing the adhesive strength of the structural adhesive 4 if it is positioned in the opposite direction, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the bus. Preferably, the lower leveling support structure is connected to the waist beam 2, and its top surface is lower than the top surface of the waist beam 2. The upward gap formed by the waist beam 2, the leveling support structure, and the steel skin 3 constitutes the adhesive application gap. The advantages of setting the structural adhesive 4 filling position at the lower window beam 1 and the waist beam 2 are essentially the same: both save space and prevent external media from affecting the adhesive strength of the structural adhesive 4.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the buffer pad is a high-temperature resistant sponge. After the vehicle body is fixed to the steel skin 3 at the front and rear ends of the side frame, it undergoes electrophoresis. The temperature of the electrophoresis bath is usually controlled at 28-30℃. However, during the curing stage after electrophoresis, a drying oven (temperature can reach 180-200℃) is usually required for curing. Therefore, using a high-temperature resistant sponge (which can withstand temperatures above 200℃) can withstand such high-temperature changes without any abnormalities. In addition, using a sponge can better absorb the vibration of the bus during operation and the noise generated by the vibration.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the high-temperature resistant sponge is a high-temperature rubber and plastic sponge 6. The high-temperature rubber and plastic sponge 6 has good flame retardant and high-temperature resistance properties. In the event of an accidental combustion, the smoke concentration is low and it self-extinguishes when the flame is removed, which meets the fire safety standards for buses. It also has high-temperature stability and can withstand the dual tests of electrophoresis bath temperature and curing high temperature.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the upper edge of the steel skin 3 is a Z-shaped or L-shaped folded edge facing the side frame. The upper edge of the steel skin 3 corresponds to the window sill 1 connecting to the side frame. Since the window sill 1 needs to bear a large load, it is set as a Z-shaped folded edge. The Z-shaped folded edge, through its double-folded structure, can significantly enhance the torsional stiffness at this location, thereby improving the local deformation resistance of the steel skin 3 to prevent tearing. Because the steel skin 3 itself has high structural strength, an L-shaped folded edge can also be used to meet the load-bearing requirements.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the lower edge of the steel skin 3 is an L-shaped folded edge arranged towards the side frame, and the upper edge of the steel skin 3 corresponds to the waist beam 2 of the side frame. Since the load that the lower edge of the steel skin 3 at the waist beam 2 needs to bear is small, this structure can meet the requirements. In addition, the lower edge will come into contact with rainwater or silt splashed from the ground, so it is set as an L-shaped folded edge to prevent these media from accumulating and causing corrosion to the steel skin 3.

[0033] The installation process of the steel skin 3 and the side frame of the bus of this utility model is as follows: Figs. 1-2As shown, the contoured connectors and U-shaped parts 5, along with the high-temperature rubber and plastic sponge 6 mounted on the U-shaped parts 5, are pre-welded onto the side frame. Then, the front end of the steel skin 3 is welded to the front end of the side frame. Next, the steel skin 3 is tensioned using an electromagnetic tensioning device. During tensioning, electromagnetic heating combined with flame heating can be used to further heat the steel skin 3. When the tension of the steel skin 3 reaches the set value, i.e., when it reaches the rear end of the vehicle body, the steel skin 3 is welded to the rear end of the side frame. The entire vehicle then undergoes electrophoresis. After electrophoresis, structural adhesive 4 is applied below the U-shaped part 5 at the lower window beam 1 and above the U-shaped part 5 at the waist beam 2, thus completing the bonding of the lower window beam 1 and waist beam 2 to the steel skin 3. This completes the installation process of the steel skin 3 and the side frame.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. The patent protection scope of the present utility model shall be determined by the claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of the present utility model shall also be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A passenger vehicle characterized by, The side wall framework is fixedly connected with the outwardly convex profiled connecting pieces at the front and rear ends for connecting the steel skin, the front and rear ends of the steel skin are welded or connected to the profiled connecting pieces through fasteners, the upper and lower edges of the steel skin and the side wall framework form a gap filled with structural adhesive to bond and fix the upper and lower edges of the steel skin and the side wall framework.

2. The passenger car of claim 1, wherein, A plurality of pad leveling support structures are arranged on the side wall framework corresponding to the positions of the upper and lower edges of the steel skin to prevent the steel skin from being depressed.

3. The passenger car of claim 2, wherein, The pad leveling support structure comprises a pad leveling framework fixed to the side wall framework and a buffer pad arranged between the pad leveling framework and the inner side of the steel skin.

4. The passenger car of claim 3, wherein, The pad leveling framework is a U-shaped piece, and the opening of the U-shaped piece faces the side wall framework.

5. The passenger car of claim 2, wherein, The pad leveling support structure on the upper side is connected to the window sill, and the bottom surface thereof is higher than the bottom surface of the window sill, and the downward gap surrounded by the window sill, the pad leveling support structure and the steel skin constitutes the gap filled with structural adhesive.

6. The passenger car of claim 2, wherein, The pad leveling support structure on the lower side is connected to the waist beam, and the top surface thereof is lower than the top surface of the waist beam, and the upward gap surrounded by the waist beam, the pad leveling support structure and the steel skin constitutes the gap filled with structural adhesive.

7. The passenger car of claim 3, wherein, The buffer pad is a high-temperature resistant sponge.

8. The passenger car of claim 7, wherein, The high-temperature resistant sponge is a high-temperature rubber sponge.

9. The passenger car of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The upper edge of the steel skin is a Z-shaped or L-shaped folded edge arranged towards the side wall framework.

10. The passenger vehicle according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The lower edge of the steel skin is an L-shaped folded edge arranged towards the side wall framework.

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