Film roll grouping packaging system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a film roll grouping packaging system which comprises a stacking area and a stacking device, and the stacking device is located on the upstream side of the stacking area or movably arranged in the stacking area. A plurality of independent tray bearing and conveying devices are distributed in the stacking area, and the upper surface of each tray bearing and conveying device is provided with a tray bearing and conveying machine. One tray bearing and conveying device corresponds to one tray, and a plurality of vertical film rolls can be stacked on one tray; the tray transfer device can convey trays to the tray bearing and conveying device; a packing conveying line is arranged on the downstream side of the stacking area, and a horizontal strapping device, a top cover plate placing device, a vertical strapping device and a horizontal film winding device are sequentially arranged in the conveying direction of the packing conveying line. The independent tray bearing and conveying device is responsible for the trays, the trays can be automatically placed and conveyed, the automation degree and the mechanization degree are higher, and high flexibility is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of film product packaging, and particularly relates to a film roll grouping packaging system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the Chinese patent application with the application publication number CN110759112A, a device for classifying and stacking vertical film rolls is disclosed, wherein a tray is directly placed below the stacking area, each tray is an independent individual, after stacking the film rolls, all the trays are moved away, and the placement and final movement of the trays are generally controlled by manual handling one by one, so that the efficiency needs to be improved. In addition, there is no better packaging line for the products formed by stacking the vertical film rolls on the tray on the market at present, and the existing packaging system needs manual assistance or has the problem of poor packaging effect. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a film roll grouping packaging system, to solve the problems of poor work efficiency and packaging effect of the existing scheme, to realize a more automated and more flexible and efficient conveying and packaging process, and to ensure the packaging effect of the tray-formed products of the vertical film rolls.

[0004] According to the technical scheme of the utility model, the utility model provides a film roll grouping packaging system, which comprises a stacking area and a stacking device, the stacking device is located on the upstream side of the stacking area or is movably arranged in the stacking area, a plurality of independent tray carrying conveying devices are distributed in the stacking area, the upper surface of each tray carrying conveying device is provided with a tray carrying conveyor, one tray carrying conveying device corresponds to one tray, and a plurality of vertical film rolls can be stacked on one tray; the system further comprises a tray transfer device capable of conveying trays to the tray carrying conveying devices; a packaging conveying line is arranged on the downstream side of the stacking area, and a horizontal banding device, a top cover plate placing device, a vertical banding device and a horizontal film winding device are arranged in sequence in the conveying direction of the packaging conveying line.

[0005] In some embodiments, the tray transfer device is movably arranged, and the packaging conveying line and the stacking area are connected through the tray transfer device.

[0006] In some embodiments, the stacking area can accommodate one or more rows of tray carrying conveying devices, a tray transfer track is arranged on the outer side of the stacking area, the length direction of the tray transfer track is consistent with the length direction of the one or more rows of tray carrying conveying devices, and the tray transfer device is movably arranged on the tray transfer track; a section of the tray transfer track is located between the packaging conveying line and the stacking area.

[0007] In some embodiments, the pallet transfer device has a pallet transfer conveyor, and the conveying direction of the pallet carrying conveyor of the pallet carrying conveyor and the pallet transfer conveyor of the pallet transfer device are both perpendicular to the length direction of the pallet transfer track.

[0008] In some implementations, the pallet-carrying conveyor is in two rows, and / or, there are two pallet transfer tracks distributed on both sides of the palletizing area.

[0009] In some implementations, multiple pallet-carrying conveyors are arranged adjacent to each other, and the positions of the pallet-carrying conveyors within the palletizing area are fixed.

[0010] In some implementations, the pallet-carrying conveyor is positioned movably within the palletizing area.

[0011] In some embodiments, a pallet storage device is also included, which is capable of storing multiple pallets. The pallet storage device is either fixed or movable. The upper surface of the pallet transfer device has a pallet transfer conveyor. The pallets can be transported sequentially through the pallet storage device, the pallet transfer conveyor of the pallet transfer device, and the pallet carrying conveyor of the pallet carrying conveyor and stop on the pallet carrying conveyor.

[0012] In some implementations, the palletizing area is arranged in a straight line, the packaging conveyor line is arranged in a straight line, and the packaging conveyor line is perpendicular to the palletizing area; a temporary storage area is provided at the end of the palletizing area.

[0013] In some embodiments, a labeling device is also provided on the side of the packaging conveyor line, located downstream of the horizontal wrapping device.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] This utility model's film roll grouping and packaging system enables the vertical film rolls to be grouped and stacked on pallets. The pallets are handled by an independent pallet-carrying and conveying device, and the pallets can be automatically placed and transported by the conveying mechanism. This results in a higher degree of automation and mechanization, accurate and controllable conveying process, saving manpower, and high flexibility. For example, it can be conveyed and packaged immediately after one or several groups of film rolls are stacked, or the pallet-carrying and conveying device can move them to a position that does not obstruct stacking for temporary storage, better coordinating with the situation of the preceding and following processes. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a top view of the film roll grouping and packaging system provided by this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2This is a top view of the packaging and conveying line section provided by this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the film roll packaging method and pallet structure (in the state before horizontal wrapping) of this utility model.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0020] 1. Single roll packaging system; 2. Palletizing device; 31. Pallet carrying and conveying device; 32. Pallet transfer device; 33. Pallet storage device; 34. Pallet transfer track; 35. Temporary storage area; 4. Packaging conveyor line; 41. Horizontal strapping device; 42. Top cover device; 43. Vertical strapping device; 44. Horizontal wrapping device; 45. Labeling device; 46. Pallet guide; 5. Conveying system; 8. Film roll; 80. Pallet; 801. Pallet side feet; 802. Pallet support; 803. Pallet top plate; 804. Clearance space. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a film roll grouping and packaging system that solves the problems of poor work efficiency and packaging effect of existing solutions, realizes a more automated, flexible and efficient conveying and packaging process, and ensures the packaging effect of palletized products with upright film rolls.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 This utility model discloses a film roll grouping and packaging system, including a palletizing area and a palletizing device 2. The palletizing device 2 is located upstream of the palletizing area or is movably arranged within the palletizing area. The palletizing device 2 can move the film rolls and stack them vertically to the desired position. The palletizing device 2 can refer to existing technology, such as the structure shown in Chinese invention patent application publication number CN110759112A, which includes a frame and a robotic arm. The robotic arm can insert into and hold one end of the film roll mandrel and then move on the frame to achieve handling; or, the palletizing device 2 can be a six-axis industrial robot, whose end is an air shaft or other mechanical component that can insert into and hold one end of the film roll mandrel.

[0023] Multiple independent pallet-carrying conveyor devices 31 are distributed within the palletizing area. These devices can be fixed or movable, and each device has a pallet-carrying conveyor (e.g., a roller conveyor structure) on its upper surface. One pallet-carrying conveyor device 31 corresponds to one pallet; specifically, the size of the pallet-carrying conveyor device 31 matches that of a pallet. Once an empty pallet is placed on the pallet-carrying conveyor device 31, it is carried and transported by that device until it is filled with film rolls and transported away from the device. Multiple vertical film rolls can be stacked on a single pallet; for example, the pallet may be square, with its side length being an integer multiple of the diameter of the film roll's bottom surface, such as two or three times. This allows four or nine film rolls to be stacked regularly on a single pallet, grouping them into sets of four or nine. This ensures that during subsequent strapping and wrapping, the straps, packaging film, film rolls, and pallet can be better matched and adhered together.

[0024] It also includes a pallet transfer device 32 capable of conveying pallets to the pallet-carrying conveyor 31, realizing automated pallet placement; specifically, the pallet transfer device 32 may have a robotic arm or conveyor to realize the pallet placement function. Downstream of the palletizing area is a packaging conveyor line 4, in which a horizontal strapping device 41, a top cover device 42, a vertical strapping device 43, and a horizontal wrapping device 44 are sequentially arranged in the conveying direction to realize the step-by-step packaging process of palletized products during the conveying process. In this solution, the placement and conveying of pallets is more automated and efficient than existing technologies; existing solutions generally involve manually placing pallets directly on the ground, and transferring the pallets and film rolls to the packaging production line after all batches of film rolls have been palletized.

[0025] In some embodiments, the pallet transfer device 32 is movably arranged, and the packing conveyor line 4 and the palletizing area are connected by the pallet transfer device 32; the connection means that the pallet carrying the film roll can be transported from the palletizing area to the packing conveyor line 4 by the pallet transfer device 32.

[0026] Furthermore, the palletizing area can accommodate one or more rows of pallet-carrying conveyors 31. A pallet transfer track 34 is provided outside the palletizing area. The length direction of the pallet transfer track 34 is consistent with the length direction of the one or more rows of pallet-carrying conveyors 31. Pallet transfer devices 32 are movably mounted on the pallet transfer track 34. A section of the pallet transfer track 34 is located between the packaging conveyor line 4 and the palletizing area. For example... Figure 1In the embodiment shown, the palletizing area is rectangular, the pallet carrying and conveying device 31 is in two rows (two horizontal rows, multiple in each row, arranged in such a regular pattern), and there are two pallet transfer tracks 34 distributed on both sides of the palletizing area (the upper and lower sides in the figure).

[0027] The pallet transfer device 32 has a pallet transfer conveyor. The conveying direction of the pallet carrying conveyor of the pallet carrying conveyor 31 and the pallet transfer conveyor of the pallet transfer device 32 are both along the length of the pallet transfer track 34. Figure 1 (The middle is horizontal) perpendicular to each other, that is, the conveying direction of the pallet carrying conveyor and the pallet transfer conveyor is perpendicular. Figure 1 The longitudinal direction of the pallet transfer device 32 is noteworthy. It is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the pallet transfer conveyor on it. When a pallet is on the pallet transfer device 32, it can move laterally along the pallet transfer track 34, following the pallet transfer device 32, and also move longitudinally under the conveying action of the pallet transfer conveyor. Similarly, the main direction of movement (if movable) of the pallet carrying conveyor 31 within the palletizing area is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the pallet carrying conveyor on it. This results in a simplified structure and higher conveying efficiency and flexibility.

[0028] Optionally, multiple pallet-carrying conveyor devices 31 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the position of each pallet-carrying conveyor device 31 within the palletizing area is fixed and cannot be moved. Only the pallet-carrying conveyor on it can perform conveying work (this conveying work only occurs during the handover of pallets). In this embodiment, the pallet transfer device 32 needs to be able to move to each pallet-carrying conveyor device 31 to place empty pallets. Subsequently, pallets fully loaded with film rolls will be transferred to the pallet transfer device 32, and then the pallet transfer device 32 will move to the front end of the packaging conveyor line 4 and transfer the pallets onto the packaging conveyor line 4.

[0029] Alternatively, the pallet-carrying conveyor 31 can be movably positioned within the palletizing area. For example, the bottom of the pallet-carrying conveyor 31 may have a controllable movable trolley (such as an AGV), which can transport the pallets on it (this transport only occurs during pallet handover), and the overall position of the pallet-carrying conveyor 31 can also be movable. In this embodiment, the pallet transfer device 32 may be fixed in position, with the pallet-carrying conveyor 31 actively moving to the pallet transfer device 32 to receive a pallet, and then moving to the required position in the palletizing area to receive the film roll; of course, the pallet transfer device 32 may also be movable as described above, thus making the operation more flexible. In addition, in this embodiment, the pallet-carrying conveyor 31 may be moved directly to the front end of the packaging conveyor line 4 and transfer the palletized products onto the packaging conveyor line 4.

[0030] Preferably, the device further includes a pallet storage device 33, which can store multiple pallets. The pallet storage device 33 can be fixedly or movably installed. The upper surface of the pallet transfer device 32 has a pallet transfer conveyor. Pallets can be transported sequentially through the pallet storage device 33, the pallet transfer conveyor of the pallet transfer device 32, and the pallet carrying conveyor of the pallet carrying conveyor 31, and stop on the pallet carrying conveyor 31.

[0031] The pallet transfer device 32 and / or the pallet storage device 33 are movable. For example, both the pallet transfer device 32 and the pallet storage device 33 are movable, for example, both have a controllable trolley at the bottom, so that the pallet can be transferred from the pallet storage device 33 to the pallet transfer device 32 at any desired location. Then, the pallet transfer device 32 can transfer the pallet from the pallet transfer device 32 to the pallet carrying and conveying device 31 at any desired location (next to the pallet carrying and conveying device 31 where the pallet is to be placed).

[0032] As a supplementary explanation, in some preferred embodiments, the pallet carrying and conveying device 31, the pallet transfer device 32, and the pallet storage device 33 are all movable; in other optional embodiments, one or more of these three types of devices may be immovable, yet still achieve the required function. The design can be flexible, for example, there may be two pallet transfer devices 32, one of which is movable while the other is immovable, etc.

[0033] Preferably, the palletizing area is arranged in a straight line. Figure 1 The middle section is horizontal), and the packaging conveyor line 4 is set in a straight line. Figure 1 The vertical direction is shown in the middle, and the packing conveyor line 4 is perpendicular to the palletizing area; this layout is reasonable and occupies a small area while ensuring sufficient spacing between packaging equipment. Preferably, a temporary storage area 35 is provided at the end of the palletizing area. Figure 1 As shown in the dashed box, it can be used to temporarily store palletized products (palletized products are carried on a movable pallet carrying conveyor 31, or other such trolley devices) for subsequent packaging; in addition, products outside this packaging production line can also be transported to the temporary storage area 35 for packaging, that is, the queue, sequence and other aspects of packaging work can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0034] Please see Figure 2In the four parts of the packaging conveyor line, the strapping device, also known as the bundling device, is existing technology and is used to set one or more loops of strapping around the outside of the product. The top cover device 42 is used to place the top cover on top of a set of film rolls, for example, by means of a robotic arm or conveyor. The shape and size of the top cover can generally be selected to be consistent with the pallet. The horizontal wrapping device 44, also known as a top-wrapping device, is existing technology used to wrap one or more layers of packaging film around the outside of a product. Specifically, the horizontal wrapping device 44 includes a frame with a centrally located pivot above the packaging conveyor line 4, connected to a horizontal rotating arm. A vertical lifting arm is connected to the end of the rotating arm, which is connected to a wrapping head via a lifting mechanism. The wrapping head further includes a packaging film roll placement frame, an automatic cutting mechanism, etc. The packaging film roll can rotate around the axis of the placement frame. The end of the packaging film roll is peeled off, and after passing through the automatic cutting mechanism, it is attached to the product surface. Then, the wrapping head rotates and rises around the product under the drive of the rotating arm, wrapping the packaging film around the product. Once sufficient film is wrapped, the packaging film is cut and separated by the automatic cutting mechanism. Downstream of the packaging conveyor line 4, there is a conveying system 5 for transporting the packaged products away from the packaging production line.

[0035] The main process of film roll packaging in this utility model is as follows: multiple vertical film rolls are stacked into a group on a pallet, and then each group of products (referred to as "palletized products" in this article) is conveyed; the packaging conveyor line 4 is, for example, a conveyor belt that can carry a pallet, realizing the automatic and continuous execution of the aforementioned sequential packaging processes such as strapping, placing the top cover, strapping again, and wrapping film; specifically, during the conveying process of the packaging conveyor line 4, each palletized product is first conveyed and stopped at the horizontal strapping device 41, where strapping is performed in the horizontal direction. Generally, two or more straps can be distributed in the vertical direction to bind multiple film rolls horizontally. The film rolls are placed together (primarily for limiting their position and preventing damage from compression), then conveyed and stopped at the top cover device 42, where a top cover is placed on top of the multiple film rolls. They are then conveyed again and stopped at the vertical strapping device 43, where straps are applied vertically around the top cover, film rolls, and pallet. Typically, two or more straps are distributed horizontally. Finally, they are conveyed again and stopped at the horizontal wrapping device 44, where packaging film is wrapped around the upper, side, and lower edges of the palletized product, further forming a unified whole and providing an additional layer of protection. It is understood that, preferably, during operation, four or more palletized products are simultaneously on the packaging conveyor line, allowing each packaging step to be performed concurrently. Multiple palletized products undergo each step sequentially as they are conveyed along the assembly line.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, a labeling device 45 (also called a labeling machine) is provided on the side of the packaging conveyor line 4. The labeling device 45 is located downstream of the horizontal wrapping device 44, so that the labeling can be applied to the outside of the packaging film. Since the vertical film roll method reduces the bottom area of ​​the product and relatively increases the height, the labeling of the product is easier to see.

[0037] More specifically, it also includes a single-roll packaging system 1 for packaging individual film rolls. The single-roll packaging system 1 is located upstream of the overall packaging production line structure. For example, it mainly includes a wrapping device (including a hot-melt table) and a fastening device (including a fastening table). During product production, film rolls are first formed through film production and winding equipment. Then, the film rolls are conveyed to the single-roll packaging system 1, where a layer of film is wrapped around the film roll, and clamps and / or end caps are fastened at both ends of the film roll, thus completing the basic packaging of a single film roll. This process and related equipment structures can all adopt existing technologies. Further optionally, a flipping device for uprighting the film roll is provided downstream of the single-roll packaging system 1. This is existing technology, for example, the structure shown in Chinese Utility Model Patent No. CN217200574U. The film roll is in a horizontal state in the single-roll packaging system 1. After fastening, the film roll is transported to the flipping device and flipped upright, thus facilitating the gripping and handling by the palletizing device 2.

[0038] More specifically, the pallet used in this solution is a wooden pallet, which is prior art, such as the structure shown in Chinese invention patent application publication number CN115158744A. Figure 3 As shown, pallet 80 includes a pallet top plate 803, a pallet support portion 802 below the pallet top plate 803, a through clearance space 804 on the side of the pallet support portion 802, and a strip-shaped pallet side foot plate 801 below the pallet support portion 802. Currently, conventional wooden pallets all have this structure. The clearance space 804 can be used with forklifts and / or some packaging equipment (for example, when strapping vertically, the straps pass through the through clearance space 804 to tie the pallet top plate 803 of pallet 80 together with the film roll and top cover).

[0039] In this solution, specifically, the pallet is placed in the packaging production line such that the length direction of the pallet side foot plate 801 is consistent with the pallet conveying direction. The pallet conveying direction refers to the direction in which the pallet is conveyed by the conveyor and packaging conveyor line (such as a roller conveyor), excluding the direction in which the pallet-bearing conveyor device 31, pallet transfer device 32, and pallet storage device 33 carry the pallet for overall device movement. Furthermore, pallet guides 46 (preferably all three have pallet guides 46) are provided on the packaging conveyor line 4, the pallet-bearing conveyor device 31, and / or the pallet transfer device 32. The pallet guide 46 includes two guide plates, such as... Figure 2As shown, the pallet guide 46 can optionally be installed on only one side of the conveying mechanism (such as a roller conveyor). The thicker vertical line indicated in the figure represents one of the guide plates, and the other guide plate is located on the right edge of the conveying mechanism. Both guide plates are fixedly connected to the frame of the conveying mechanism and do not affect the rotational conveying function of the rollers in the conveying mechanism. The length direction of the guide plates is consistent with the pallet conveying direction, and the two guide plates are arranged in parallel. The distance between the two guide plates matches the width of the pallet side foot plate 801. Thus, when the pallet 80 is placed, the pallet side foot plate 801 on one side of the pallet 80 is matched and located in the gap between the two guide plates. The pallet side foot plate 801 contacts the conveying mechanism itself (e.g., the rollers), and the foot plate on the other side of the pallet 80 also contacts the rollers, thereby limiting the position of the pallet 80 during the conveying process and facilitating various packaging and conveying processes. This solution can use a conventional pallet structure and requires less and simpler modifications to the conveying mechanism, resulting in lower costs and making it more suitable for application. Further optionally, the conveying system 5 includes a forklift, which is easy to operate and flexible in conveying. The preferred pallet in this design has four through clearance spaces 804 in the front, back, left, and right directions to facilitate the installation of straps and the operation of forklifts.

[0040] In summary, the film roll grouping and packaging system of this utility model can realize the grouping and stacking of vertical film rolls on pallets. The pallets are handled by an independent pallet-carrying and conveying device, and the pallets can be automatically placed and transported by the conveying mechanism. The system has a higher degree of automation and mechanization, the conveying process is accurate and controllable, saves manpower, and has high flexibility. For example, it can be transported and packaged immediately after one or several groups of film rolls are stacked, or the pallet-carrying and conveying device can move them to a position that does not obstruct stacking for temporary storage, so as to better coordinate with the situation of the preceding and following processes. When packaging palletized products with vertically stacked film rolls, the process of horizontal strapping, top cover placement, vertical strapping, and horizontal wrapping is completed sequentially on the conveyor line, resulting in a high degree of automation and packaging efficiency. Firstly, horizontal strapping initially positions multiple film rolls using transverse straps, facilitating subsequent automated packaging. Specifically, the transverse straps ensure the stability of the film rolls during top cover placement and vertical strapping. Finally, horizontal wrapping further packages the palletized products with top cover and transverse / vertical straps, resulting in a stable overall structure and excellent film protection. This invention uses a vertical film roll method, suitable for both short and long film rolls, with a reasonable layout, high efficiency, easy product stacking, improved space utilization, and flexible transport via forklifts.

Claims

1. A film roll grouping packaging system characterized by, The application relates to a palletizing area and a palletizing device (2), the palletizing device (2) is arranged on the upstream side of the palletizing area or the palletizing device (2) is movably arranged in the palletizing area; a plurality of pallet-carrying conveying devices (31) are arranged in the palletizing area and are independent of each other, the upper surface of each pallet-carrying conveying device (31) is provided with a pallet-carrying conveyor; one pallet-carrying conveying device (31) corresponds to one pallet, and a plurality of vertical film rolls can be stacked on the pallet; the palletizing area is further provided with a pallet transfer device (32) capable of conveying the pallets to the pallet-carrying conveying devices (31); a packaging conveying line (4) is arranged on the downstream side of the palletizing area, and horizontal banding devices (41), top cover plate arranging devices (42), vertical banding devices (43) and horizontal film winding devices (44) are sequentially arranged in the conveying direction of the packaging conveying line (4).

2. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pallet transfer device (32) is movably arranged, and the packaging conveying line (4) and the palletizing area are connected through the pallet transfer device (32).

3. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 2, wherein, The palletizing area can accommodate one or more rows of pallet-carrying conveying devices (31), and a pallet transfer track (34) is arranged on the outer side of the palletizing area; the length direction of the pallet transfer track (34) is consistent with the length direction of the one or more rows of pallet-carrying conveying devices (31), and the pallet transfer device (32) is movably arranged on the pallet transfer track (34); a section of the pallet transfer track (34) is located between the packaging conveying line (4) and the palletizing area.

4. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 3, wherein, The pallet transfer device (32) is provided with a pallet transfer conveyor, and the conveying direction of the pallet-carrying conveyor of the pallet-carrying conveying device (31) and the conveying direction of the pallet transfer conveyor of the pallet transfer device (32) are both perpendicular to the length direction of the pallet transfer track (34).

5. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 3, wherein, The pallet-carrying conveying devices (31) are two rows, and / or the pallet transfer track (34) is two tracks and is arranged on the two sides of the palletizing area.

6. The film roll grouping packaging system according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The plurality of pallet-carrying conveying devices (31) are arranged adjacently, and the positions of the pallet-carrying conveying devices (31) in the palletizing area are fixedly arranged.

7. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The positions of the pallet-carrying conveying devices (31) in the palletizing area are movably arranged.

8. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The palletizing area is linearly arranged, the packaging conveying line (4) is linearly arranged, the packaging conveying line (4) is perpendicular to the palletizing area; and the palletizing area is provided with a temporary storage area (35) at the end of the palletizing area.

9. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 1, wherein, A labeling device (45) is further arranged on the side of the packaging conveying line (4), and the labeling device (45) is located on the downstream side of the horizontal film winding device (44).

10. The film roll grouping packaging system according to claim 1, wherein, ​

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