Intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage. The intelligent solar water heating system comprises a solar heat collector, a temperature difference circulating pump, a heat storage tank set, a plurality of temperature sensors, a plurality of electric valves and a control system. A plurality of tank bodies are arranged in the heat storage tank group and comprise a constant-temperature heat supply tank, a heat storage temperature control tank and a heat storage high-temperature tank, the plurality of tank bodies are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of temperature sensors are respectively arranged on the plurality of tank bodies and the solar heat collector; the plurality of electric valves are respectively arranged at the water inlet ends and the water outlet ends of the plurality of tank bodies; and the control system is configured to control the plurality of tank bodies to perform relay heat storage. According to the constant-temperature heat supply tank, different functions of a plurality of tank bodies are used for work division and cooperation, stepped relay heat storage is formed, when water is taken from the constant-temperature heat supply tank and the temperature is reduced, other tank bodies can rapidly supplement hot water for the tank body, and therefore it can be guaranteed that the system can provide hot water with the stable temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water supply technology, and in particular to an intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global demand for clean energy and growing environmental awareness, solar energy, as an inexhaustible clean energy source, has attracted much attention in the building sector, especially in the area of ​​hot water supply, where it has enormous potential.

[0003] Currently, existing solar water heating systems generally include natural circulation solar water heating systems and forced circulation solar water heating systems. Both types of solar water heating systems have the following problems:

[0004] 1. Insufficient heat storage capacity

[0005] Existing solar water heating systems are generally single-tank or double-tank systems, with limited heat storage capacity.

[0006] 2. Poor heating stability

[0007] Existing solar water heating systems supply hot water at a single or double temperature in their tanks, without a temperature gradient storage function. When solar energy is unstable or hot water consumption is high, the water temperature drops rapidly, and it takes a long time for the solar energy to heat the water to the normal operating temperature. If water is drawn during this time, the supply temperature will continue to drop, making it impossible to stabilize the supplied hot water within a suitable range, thus affecting its use.

[0008] Therefore, existing technologies need to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage. It aims to utilize the different functions of multiple tanks to cooperate and form a stepped relay heat storage. When the temperature of the constant temperature heating tank drops due to water being drawn, the other tanks can quickly replenish the hot water to that tank, thereby ensuring that the system can provide hot water at a stable temperature. At the same time, due to the water storage of multiple tanks, the water supply capacity is large.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes an intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage, comprising:

[0011] Solar collector, temperature differential circulation pump, thermal storage tank group, multiple temperature sensors, multiple electric valves and control system;

[0012] The heat storage tank group is equipped with multiple tanks, including a constant temperature heating tank, a heat storage temperature control tank, and a heat storage high temperature tank.

[0013] The multiple tanks are arranged in parallel. The outlet of each tank is connected to the inlet of the temperature difference circulation pump through a pipe. The outlet of the temperature difference circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the solar collector through a pipe. The outlet of the solar collector is connected to the inlet of each tank through a pipe.

[0014] The multiple temperature sensors are respectively installed on the multiple tanks and the solar collector;

[0015] The plurality of electric valves are respectively installed at the water inlet and water outlet of the plurality of tanks;

[0016] The control system is electrically connected to the multiple temperature sensors, multiple electric valves, and a temperature difference circulation pump. The control system is configured to control the multiple tanks to perform relay heat storage.

[0017] In some embodiments, the constant-temperature heating tank is provided with a water intake end to provide users with hot water at a stable temperature;

[0018] The heat storage and temperature control tank is used to store and regulate heat under different operating conditions;

[0019] The heat storage high-temperature tank is used to meet the hot water demand under special circumstances.

[0020] In some embodiments, the constant-temperature heating tank is further connected to an auxiliary heating device, which includes a heating pump and a heater. The inlet of the heating pump is connected to the constant-temperature heating tank via a pipe, the outlet of the heating pump is connected to the inlet of the heater via a pipe, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the constant-temperature heating tank via a pipe.

[0021] In some embodiments, the heat storage high-temperature tank is also connected to a cold water source via a hot and cold water proportioning valve.

[0022] In some embodiments, the heat storage high-temperature tank is also connected to the user's return water via a return water pump and a return water pipe.

[0023] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of tanks is provided with a safety valve, and a connecting pipe is also connected between adjacent tanks.

[0024] It should be understood that, within the scope of this utility model, the above-mentioned technical features of this utility model and the technical features specifically described below (such as embodiments) can be combined with each other to form new or preferred technical solutions. Due to space limitations, they will not be described in detail here.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0026] 1. Stable water supply temperature

[0027] The solar water heating system of this invention adopts a multi-tank relay heat storage structure. The hot water stored in each tank has a different temperature and varies in gradient. In this way, the heat storage tanks of different temperature levels cooperate with each other. When the user's water consumption is large or the solar radiation is weakened, the hot water in the high-temperature tank is used to supplement the heating of the low-temperature tank, so that the low-temperature tank that is being used can continuously provide hot water at a suitable temperature.

[0028] 2. Improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0029] Because multiple tanks store the hot water converted from solar energy, this method improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy compared to existing technologies.

[0030] 3. Large water supply capacity

[0031] Since multiple tanks can supply water to the tank being drained, the water supply capacity is greatly increased compared to existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a circuit connection diagram of the control system of this utility model.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 1-Solar collector, 2-Differential temperature circulation pump, 31-Collector inlet pipe, 32-Collector outlet pipe, 4-High-temperature heat storage tank, 5-Heat storage temperature control tank, 6-Constant temperature heating tank, 60-Control system, 7-Connecting pipe, 8-Hot and cold water proportional mixing valve, 9-Heating pipe, 10-Return water pipe, 11-Heater, 12-Heating pump, 13-Electric valve, 14-Temperature sensor, 60-Control system, 101-Outlet main pipe, 102-Inlet main pipe, 103-Return water pump. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0038] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0039] Furthermore, in this utility model, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 This invention proposes an intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage, including a solar collector 1, a temperature difference circulation pump 2, a heat storage tank group, multiple temperature sensors 14, multiple electric valves 13, and a control system 60. In this system, the solar collector 1 includes a heat absorption plate and heating pipes. The solar collector 1 uses absorbed solar energy to heat the medium, such as water or oil, entering its internal pipes.

[0041] The heat storage tank group contains multiple tanks, including a constant-temperature heating tank 6, a heat storage temperature control tank 5, and a high-temperature heat storage tank 4. These tanks are arranged in parallel. The outlet of each tank is connected to the inlet of the temperature difference circulation pump 2 via a pipe. The outlet of the temperature difference circulation pump 2 is connected to the inlet of the solar collector 1 via a pipe. The outlet of the solar collector 1 is connected to the inlet of each tank via a pipe. Each tank can store heat, and the multiple tanks work together to form a relay heat storage system.

[0042] Specifically, this embodiment uses a five-tank system as an example for illustration, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the system of this embodiment:

[0043] One constant-temperature heating tank 6 is configured, and the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is equipped with a water intake end to provide users with hot water at a stable temperature. The constant-temperature heating tank 6 mainly provides users with hot water at a stable temperature. The temperature of the hot water in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is controlled within the range of 48 to 60 degrees Celsius. In this embodiment, the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is connected to the user's water intake end through a heating pipe 9 to provide hot water to the user.

[0044] Three heat storage and temperature control tanks 5 are configured, which are used to store and regulate heat under different operating conditions. In this embodiment, the three heat storage and temperature control tanks 5 are 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3. In this embodiment, the maximum heat storage temperature of the heat storage and temperature control tanks 5 can reach 65 degrees Celsius.

[0045] One high-temperature heat storage tank 4 is configured to meet hot water demand in special circumstances. For example, in unconventional water usage situations, such as when water consumption is high in a short period and the temperature of the hot water in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 drops rapidly, the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 directly replenishes the constant-temperature heating tank 6 with hot water. In this embodiment, the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 can store hot water at temperatures up to 100 degrees Celsius when solar energy is abundant.

[0046] In this embodiment, the constant temperature heating tank 6, the heat storage and temperature control tank 5-1, the heat storage and temperature control tank 5-2, the heat storage and temperature control tank 5-3, and the heat storage high temperature tank 4 are arranged in parallel in sequence.

[0047] In other embodiments, the heat storage tank group in the solar water heating system of this utility model can also be a system composed of multiple tanks, such as 6, 7, 8, or 9.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the plurality of temperature sensors 14 are respectively disposed on the plurality of tanks and the solar collector 1; the temperature sensors 14 on the tanks are disposed on the upper part or top of the tanks to detect the temperature of the hot water inside the tanks. The temperature sensors 14 on the solar collector 1 are disposed at the outlet of the solar collector 1 to detect the temperature of the water heated by the solar collector 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the temperature data collected by these temperature sensors 14 is sent to the control system 60, which then determines which tank to heat based on the temperature data.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the plurality of electric valves 13 are respectively disposed at the inlet and outlet ends of the plurality of tanks; in Figure 1 In this system, each tank is equipped with an electric valve 13 at both its inlet and outlet ends to control the water inflow and outflow of each tank. The inlet end of each tank is connected to the outlet end of the solar collector 1, so the solar collector 1 can supply hot water to each tank and heat each tank.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the control system 60 is electrically connected to the plurality of temperature sensors 14, the plurality of electric valves 13, and the temperature difference circulation pump 2. The control system 60 is configured to control the plurality of tanks for relay heat storage. The control system 60 includes a controller, control circuits, and software, etc. The controller can be a PLC controller or controlled by a microcontroller. The temperature sensors 14, the plurality of electric valves 13, and the temperature difference circulation pump 2 transmit data to the control system 60 via wired or wireless communication (such as RS485 bus, WiFi, etc.). The function of the temperature difference circulation pump 2 is that when the temperature of the water outlet of the solar collector 1 is higher than the water temperature in a certain tank, i.e., when a temperature difference exists, the control system 60 can control the temperature difference circulation pump 2 to start, sending hot water from the solar collector 1 into the tank and sending cold water from the tank into the solar collector 1 for heating.

[0051] The control system 60 stores preset control logic to analyze the collected temperature and other data. Based on a comparison of the temperature of each tank with a preset threshold, it precisely controls the opening and closing of a specific electric valve 13 and the start and stop of the temperature difference circulation pump 2 to deliver the hot water heated by the solar collector 1 to that tank for heat storage. In this embodiment, each tank has a different preset temperature threshold, allowing multiple tanks to perform different functions and form a relay heat storage system. When the temperature of the constant-temperature heating tank 6 drops after water is drawn, the control system 60 can control other high-temperature tanks in the heat storage tank group to transfer heat to the tank that received water, thus maintaining the hot water temperature of the constant-temperature heating tank 6 within a suitable range. This enables the system to provide users with stable hot water and improves the user experience.

[0052] The intelligent control mechanism in the control system of this invention ensures the efficient transfer and rational distribution of heat in the solar water heating system, while maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources.

[0053] Preferably, such as Figure 1As shown, adjacent tanks are connected by a connecting pipe 7. This connecting pipe 7 allows hot water to flow between adjacent tanks, facilitating heat transfer. During system operation, the water temperature varies between tanks. According to the principle of heat transfer, water flows from the high-temperature tank to the low-temperature tank through the connecting pipe 7, making the water temperature more uniform and improving the storage and utilization efficiency of solar energy, thus ensuring a stable supply of hot water. Furthermore, when the water temperature in the tank being drained drops due to user water consumption and hot water needs to be replenished from other tanks, the connecting pipe 7 also participates in the water flow, ensuring the replenished hot water reaches the tank being drained smoothly and maintaining its stable water temperature. The connecting pipe 7 also plays a role in balancing pressure. During system operation, the internal pressure of each tank varies due to changes in water temperature, water flow, and heating operations. For example, when the solar collector 1 heats a tank, the water inside expands due to heat, increasing the pressure. At this time, the connecting pipe 7 can transfer some of the pressure to other storage tanks, preventing safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in a single tank. Meanwhile, when the temperature difference circulation pump 2 starts or stops, causing pressure fluctuations in the system, the connecting pipe 7 can alleviate these fluctuations to a certain extent, ensuring the stability of the entire system pressure, guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the system, and reducing the risk of equipment damage or failure due to pressure problems.

[0054] Preferably, the system 10 is further equipped with a pressure sensor (not shown), and the control system 60 performs comprehensive control based on parameters such as temperature and pressure. The pressure sensor is installed on the tank or pipeline.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this is one specific embodiment:

[0056] In this embodiment, the outlet of the constant temperature heating tank 6 is connected to an electric valve a', the outlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-1 is connected to an electric valve b', the outlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-2 is connected to an electric valve c', the outlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-3 is connected to an electric valve d', the outlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-2 is connected to an electric valve c', and the outlet of the thermal storage high temperature tank 4 is connected to an electric valve e'. Electric valves a', b', c', d', and e' are all connected to the inlet of the circulating temperature difference pump 2 through the main outlet pipe 101. The outlet of the circulating temperature difference pump 2 is connected to the inlet of the solar collector 1 through the solar collector inlet pipe 31.

[0057] Electric valve a is connected to the inlet of the constant temperature heating tank 6, electric valve b is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-1, electric valve c is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-2, electric valve d is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-3, electric valve c is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-2, and electric valve e is connected to the inlet of the thermal storage high temperature tank 4. Electric valves a, b, c, d, and e are all connected to the heat collection outlet pipe 32 through the main inlet pipe 102, and the heat collection outlet pipe 32 is connected to the outlet of the solar collector 1.

[0058] Temperature sensors T1-1, T1-2, T1-3, T1-4, and T1-5 are respectively installed on the top of the constant temperature heating tank 6, the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-1, the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-2, the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-3, and the thermal storage high temperature tank 4. Temperature sensor T2 is installed at the water outlet of the solar collector 1.

[0059] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is also connected to an auxiliary heating device, which includes a heating pump 12 and a heater 11. The inlet of the heating pump 12 is connected to the constant-temperature heating tank 6 via a pipe, and the outlet of the heating pump 12 is connected to the inlet of the heater 11 via a pipe. The outlet of the heater 11 is connected to the constant-temperature heating tank 6 via a pipe. The heating pump 12 is used to transport the water in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 to the heater 11 for heating, and then transport the heated water back to the constant-temperature heating tank 6. The heater 82 can use devices such as electric heating tubes for heating. In this embodiment, when the temperature of the hot water in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is lower than 48 degrees Celsius, the auxiliary heating device is triggered to start auxiliary heating of the water in the constant-temperature heating tank 6, so that the water in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 rises back to a preset temperature, such as 55 degrees Celsius, and then the auxiliary heating device stops working. In this embodiment, both the heating pump 12 and the heater 11 are electrically connected to the control system 60 and are subject to unified and coordinated control by the control system 60.

[0060] Preferably, in this embodiment, the heat storage high-temperature tank 4 is also connected to a cold water source through a hot and cold water proportioning valve 8.

[0061] In this embodiment, a hot and cold water proportioning valve 8 is installed at the direct water supply outlet of the high-temperature thermal storage tank 4. By adjusting the hot and cold water ratio, the direct water supply outlet temperature is strictly controlled to not exceed 65°C. During system operation, a temperature sensor monitors the water temperature at the direct water supply outlet of the high-temperature thermal storage tank 4 in real time. Once the temperature approaches or exceeds the set upper limit, the hot and cold water proportioning valve 8 automatically increases the amount of cold water mixed in, lowering the supply water temperature. This measure not only prevents the risk of scalding when users use hot water but also ensures the safety and stability of the system during high-temperature thermal storage and heating processes. For example, during peak water usage periods, if the direct water supply temperature of the high-temperature thermal storage tank 4 is too high, the hot and cold water proportioning valve 8 can quickly adjust the water temperature, ensuring users can safely and comfortably use hot water while preventing damage to pipes and equipment from high temperatures.

[0062] In this embodiment, each of the multiple tanks is equipped with a safety valve (not shown). The safety valve is installed on the tank (at the top of the tank, etc.). When the pressure inside the tank exceeds a safety threshold, the safety valve automatically opens to release pressure, ensuring the system operates within a safe pressure range and preventing safety accidents such as tank rupture due to excessive pressure.

[0063] Meanwhile, the solar collector 1 of this system is equipped with an exhaust valve at a high point (such as at the high position of the collector water outlet pipe 22 at the water outlet end of the solar collector 1) to promptly discharge the gas generated inside the solar collector 1 due to heating, and to prevent air blockage from affecting the normal operation of the solar collector 1.

[0064] In this embodiment, the heat storage high-temperature tank 4 is also connected to the user's return water via a return water pump 103 and a return water pipe 10. By connecting to the user's return water, the heating pipe 9 and the return water pipe 10 in this embodiment work together to deliver hot water to the user and achieve circulation.

[0065] The relay heating principle and process control of the solar water heating system in this embodiment are as follows:

[0066] Initial system operation phase: Upon system startup, only the electric valve a corresponding to the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is opened, allowing the solar collector 1 to supply heat to the constant-temperature heating tank 6. At this time, when the water temperature T2 at the solar collector outlet and the water temperature T1-1 inside the constant-temperature heating tank 6 meet the temperature difference condition (T2-T1-1≥10℃), the temperature difference circulation pump 2 starts, and hot water flows into the constant-temperature heating tank 6 through the pipes. When T2-T1-1≤2℃, the temperature difference circulation pump 2 stops, completing one heating cycle. Through this cyclical control, the water temperature in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 gradually rises. This temperature difference control method ensures efficient heat transfer to the storage tank while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. During this process, the solar collector pipe 32 transfers the heat absorbed by the solar collector 1 to the constant-temperature heating tank 6, and the hot water circulates within the tank, causing the water temperature to rise evenly.

[0067] The heat relay process of the thermal storage temperature control tank 5: When the water temperature T1-1 of the constant-temperature heating tank 6 reaches 60℃, the electric valve b corresponding to the adjacent thermal storage temperature control tank 5-1 is automatically opened, and the electric valve a of the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is closed. The solar collector 1 switches to storing heat in the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-1. According to this temperature difference control logic, when T2-T1-2≥10℃, the temperature difference circulation pump 2 starts to deliver heat to the thermal storage temperature control tank 5-1; when T2-T1-2≤2℃, the pump stops. Subsequently, other thermal storage temperature control tanks 5-2, 5-3 successively relay heat storage in this mode. At the same time, combined with the connecting pipe 7, the relay storage of heat is realized. This relay method can make full use of solar energy, and store heat in an orderly manner in each thermal storage tank. According to the functional characteristics and temperature requirements of different tanks, it can be rationally distributed, improving the flexibility and stability of the entire thermal storage system.

[0068] The specific control strategy for the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 is as follows: When the water temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 reaches 70℃, 80℃, or 90℃, the system will switch to the heat storage temperature control tank 5 for temperature difference circulation. This ensures that the temperature of these temperature control tanks 5 does not drop below 65℃ before resuming temperature difference circulation in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4. When the water temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 reaches the 100℃ high-temperature warning line, the temperature difference circulation pump 2 is forcibly shut down. The system checks the water temperature of the remaining tanks hourly. Only when the water temperature of the remaining tanks is not lower than 70℃ and the system pressure is safe, the temperature difference circulation pump 2 is restarted at an ultra-low flow rate to cautiously heat the high-temperature heat storage tank 4, controlling the rate of temperature rise. During this process, all pipelines and electric valves work together to ensure that heat is distributed among the tanks according to the predetermined strategy. For example, when it is necessary to perform temperature difference circulation on the thermal storage high-temperature tank 4, the relevant electric valves are opened, and hot water circulates between the tanks and pipes. The rate of water temperature rise in the thermal storage high-temperature tank 4 is controlled by controlling the flow rate of the temperature difference circulation pump 2. Such control measures not only ensure that the thermal storage high-temperature tank 4 can store enough high-temperature hot water, but also ensure the safety of the system under high-temperature conditions, preventing equipment damage and safety accidents caused by overheating.

[0069] The intelligent control strategy for the solar water heating system in this embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0070] 1. Data Acquisition and Transmission: Temperature sensors (T1-1 to T1-5, T2, T3, etc., distributed at the inlet and outlet of each thermal storage tank and solar collector) and pressure sensors (which can be installed at key points in the piping system) are installed throughout the system to collect key data such as water temperature in the thermal storage tanks, inlet and outlet water temperatures of the solar collectors, and system pressure in real time. These sensors transmit the collected data to the controller of the control system 60 via wired or wireless communication methods (such as RS485 bus, Wi-Fi, etc.). For example, the temperature sensors promptly transmit the monitored water temperature data to the controller, providing data support for the intelligent control of the system.

[0071] 2. Logic Judgment and Control Command Generation: The logic judgment unit in the control system 60 analyzes and judges the collected data according to the preset control logic. For example, based on the comparison results between the temperature of each heat storage tank (e.g., T1-1 to T1-5) and the set threshold, it determines the opening and closing of electric valves (a to e, a' to e', etc.), the start and stop of the temperature difference circulation pump 2, and the operating status of the heating pump. When the tank temperature difference reaches the starting condition, the logic judgment unit issues a command to start the temperature difference circulation pump; when the tank temperature reaches the switching condition, it controls the corresponding electric valve to switch the heating object, ensuring that heat can be transferred and distributed in the system according to the predetermined process. For example, when the water temperature in the constant temperature heating tank 6 is lower than the set minimum heating temperature of 48℃, the controller issues a command based on the logic judgment result to start the auxiliary heat source (heating pump and heater) to work in coordination with the constant temperature heating tank 6, and to open the corresponding electric valve to perform auxiliary heating, ensuring a stable hot water supply temperature.

[0072] Safety measures for the solar water heating system in this embodiment are set.

[0073] 1. Venting and Safety Valve Design: Venting valves are installed at high points on the solar collector (e.g., at the top of collector pipe 32) to promptly release gases generated during heating, preventing air blockage and ensuring normal system operation. Safety valves are installed on the tank (at the top of the storage tank, etc.). When the pressure inside the tank exceeds a safety threshold, the safety valve automatically opens to release pressure, ensuring the system operates within a safe pressure range and preventing accidents such as tank rupture due to excessive pressure.

[0074] 2. Temperature control measures for high-temperature tank: Install a hot and cold water ratio mixing valve 8 at the direct water supply outlet of the heat storage high-temperature tank 4. By adjusting the hot and cold water ratio, strictly control the outlet temperature to not exceed 65℃ to prevent scalding accidents.

[0075] In this embodiment, the solar water heating system considers factors such as system pressure and sensor accuracy in addition to temperature difference during the heating process to ensure stable system operation. Furthermore, in actual operation, the temperature difference threshold and target temperature can be appropriately adjusted according to different seasons, weather conditions, and system scale. For example, in winter when solar radiation is weak, the temperature difference threshold can be appropriately lowered to allow the temperature difference circulation pump 2 to start more frequently, making full use of limited solar energy. Conversely, in summer when solar energy is abundant, the temperature difference threshold can be appropriately increased to reduce unnecessary operation of the temperature difference circulation pump 2 and lower energy consumption.

[0076] Preferably, the heat-absorbing surface of the solar collector 1 in this embodiment is coated with a heat-absorbing coating with high heat absorption efficiency.

[0077] The solar collector 1 uses a high-efficiency collector, and its heat-absorbing surface is coated with a special high-efficiency heat-absorbing coating, such as a black chrome coating. In this embodiment, the system can significantly improve the absorption efficiency of solar radiation and ensure that the heat transfer medium can be heated up quickly.

[0078] The intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage of this invention can be applied to various scenarios, as follows:

[0079] Application Scenario 1: Swimming Pool Application

[0080] 1. System adaptation and layout adjustment

[0081] In a swimming pool setting, the specifications of the solar water heating system are determined based on the pool's size and water demand. Swimming pools typically have high water consumption, therefore, large-area, high-efficiency flat-plate solar collectors are selected, for example, with a collector area of ​​100 square meters. The collectors are installed on the roof of the swimming pool building or in a spacious, sunny area around it. The installation angle is optimized and adjusted according to the local latitude to ensure maximum solar energy absorption in different seasons.

[0082] Five thermal storage tanks (one constant-temperature heating tank, three thermal storage temperature-controlled tanks, and one high-temperature thermal storage tank) are installed in the swimming pool's equipment room, located close to the solar collectors and water usage points to minimize heat loss from the pipes. The piping system uses copper pipes wrapped with high-performance polyurethane foam insulation material, with the pipe diameter determined based on the hot water flow requirements. The tanks are connected by connecting pipes, and electric valves are installed on the corresponding pipes in easily accessible locations for operation and maintenance. Temperature sensors are installed at appropriate locations on the tanks and pipes, as well as at the inlet and outlet pipes of the solar collectors, to ensure accurate monitoring of water temperature changes.

[0083] The controller, control circuits, and software of the control system are installed in the control room of the swimming pool and are connected to various temperature sensors, electric valves, and heat pump water heaters via wired communication (such as RS485 bus). The heat pump water heaters work in conjunction with the constant-temperature heating tank ⑥.

[0084] 2. Operation process and parameter adjustment

[0085] When the system is first started, only the electric valve a corresponding to the constant-temperature heating tank 6 is opened, and the solar collector begins to supply heat to the constant-temperature heating tank 6. When the temperature difference between the collector outlet water temperature T2 and the water temperature T1-1 inside the constant-temperature heating tank 6 meets the temperature difference condition (T2-T1-1≥1℃), the temperature difference circulation pump 2 starts, and hot water flows into the constant-temperature heating tank 6. When T2-T1-1≤2℃, the temperature difference circulation pump 2 stops. For example, on a sunny summer day, the collector outlet water temperature can rise rapidly, and the temperature difference circulation pump starts frequently, causing the water temperature in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 to rise rapidly.

[0086] When the water temperature T1-1 in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 reaches 60℃, the electric valve b of the heat storage and temperature control tank 5 (such as tank 5-1) automatically opens and the electric valve a of the constant-temperature heating tank 6 closes, and the solar collector switches to heat storage in the heat storage and temperature control tank 5-1. When T2-T1-2≥1℃, the temperature difference circulation pump 2 starts to supply heat to the heat storage and temperature control tank 5-1; when T2-T1-2≤2℃, the pump stops. Other heat storage and temperature control tanks 5 (tanks 5-2, 5-3, etc.) then take over the heat storage in sequence. In winter or on cloudy days, when solar radiation is weak, this relay method allows limited solar heat to be rationally distributed and stored in each heat storage tank.

[0087] When the water temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 reaches 70℃, 80℃, or 90℃, the system switches to the heat storage temperature control tank 5 for temperature difference circulation. This ensures that the temperature in these tanks does not drop below 65℃ before resuming temperature difference circulation in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4. When the water temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 reaches the 10℃ high-temperature warning line, the temperature difference circulation pump ② is forcibly shut down. The system strictly controls the heating process to ensure safety.

[0088] The constant-temperature heating tank 6 is set to a minimum heating temperature of 48℃. When T1-1 drops to 48℃, the auxiliary heating device is activated, and the heating pump 11 starts to provide auxiliary heating. When T1-1 rises back to 55℃ (or the preset temperature), the heating pump 11 stops. If T1-1 still does not reach 55℃ after the heating pump 11 has been running for 1 hour, maintenance personnel can appropriately lower the stop temperature after troubleshooting, but not below 13℃, and record the relevant information. During the swimming pool's operation, the demand for hot water supply is large and stable. The control system adjusts the heating ratio of each heat storage tank in real time according to the water consumption to ensure that the hot water supply temperature is stable between 48℃ and 60℃, meeting the needs of swimmers for showering and pool water heating (if necessary).

[0089] Application Scenario 2: Public Bathhouse Application

[0090] 1. System adaptation and layout adjustment

[0091] For public bathrooms, considering the concentrated peak water usage and large water consumption, a solar collector with a heat collection area of ​​100 square meters was selected.

[0092] Five thermal storage tanks are strategically located within the equipment area of ​​the public bathroom, close to water usage points and solar collectors. The piping system utilizes high-temperature and corrosion-resistant PPR hot water pipes. All components are tightly connected, and the electric valves and temperature sensors are precisely positioned for easy operation and data acquisition. For example, the electric valves are installed at easily accessible pipe bends, and the temperature sensors are mounted in the upper middle section of the storage tanks to ensure accurate reflection of the water temperature within.

[0093] The components of the control system are installed in the management room of the public bathhouse and connect to other devices via wireless communication (such as WiFi) for convenient management and maintenance. The auxiliary heating device works in conjunction with the constant-temperature heating tank 6. Based on the usage patterns of the public bathhouse, the heating power of the heating pump is set to an appropriate number of kilowatts (this power can quickly supplement heat during periods of insufficient solar energy or peak water usage to ensure uninterrupted hot water supply).

[0094] 2. Operating Mode and Control Strategy

[0095] After the system starts up, it operates according to the principle of relay heat storage. On sunny days when water consumption is low, the solar collectors preferentially store heat in the heat storage temperature control tank 5 and the heat storage high temperature tank 4. When the water temperature in the constant temperature heating tank 6 drops to 48℃, the system automatically determines, according to preset logic, whether to activate the auxiliary heating device or call upon the heat from other heat storage tanks to supplement the heating.

[0096] When the water temperature in the high-temperature heat storage tank 4 reaches a specific value, the system switches to the temperature-controlled heat storage tank 5 for temperature difference circulation, controlling the temperature of each heat storage tank within a reasonable range to ensure a stable hot water supply. During peak water usage periods in the public bathroom (such as 7 PM to 1 AM), the control system dynamically adjusts the heating ratio of each heat storage tank based on real-time water consumption and the water temperature of each tank. For example, by increasing the water supply of the constant-temperature heating tank 6 and utilizing heat from other heat storage tanks, it ensures stable hot water temperature and sufficient pressure for each showerhead, meeting the needs of a large number of customers using hot water simultaneously. In cloudy or rainy weather or when solar radiation is insufficient in winter, the auxiliary heating device is activated in a timely manner according to the instructions of the control system.

[0097] Application Scenario 3: Star-rated Hotel Application

[0098] 1. System customization and layout planning

[0099] Star-rated hotels have high requirements for the quality and stability of their hot water supply. Based on the number of guest rooms, the water demand of areas such as restaurants and laundry rooms, they select solar collectors with larger power and area, with a collection area of ​​up to 130 square meters. The collectors are installed on the hotel building's roof or a dedicated solar equipment platform, with the installation angle and orientation precisely calculated and optimized to maximize the use of solar energy resources.

[0100] Five thermal storage tanks are strategically distributed across the hotel's equipment floor, constructed from high-quality stainless steel to ensure durability and insulation performance. The piping system uses seamless steel pipes with a diameter of DN113, determined based on the hotel's hot water supply system's design flow rate. Control components such as electric valves and temperature sensors are installed in easily accessible locations for operation and maintenance, ensuring accurate data acquisition and reliable control. For example, high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensors are installed at key locations within the thermal storage tanks, accurately monitoring water temperature changes with an error controlled within ±0.2℃.

[0101] The control system employs an advanced programmable logic controller (PLC), possessing powerful data processing and control capabilities. The controller, control circuits, and software are installed in the hotel's central monitoring room, communicating with various sensors, electric valves, auxiliary heating devices, and other equipment via industrial Ethernet to achieve remote monitoring and intelligent control. The auxiliary heating device works in conjunction with the constant-temperature heating tank 6 to provide stable auxiliary heating when solar energy is insufficient or special water demand arises, ensuring the quality of hot water supply.

[0102] 2. Operation process and optimization measures

[0103] Upon initial system operation, heat is gradually stored in various storage tanks according to a pre-defined relay heating logic. During sunny days, the solar collectors operate efficiently, prioritizing heat storage in the high-temperature storage tank 4 and the temperature-controlled storage tank 5. When the water temperature in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 drops to 48℃, the control system automatically activates auxiliary heating devices or draws heat from other storage tanks based on preset priorities and logic, ensuring that the hot water supply temperature in areas such as guest rooms and restaurants remains stable between 48℃ and 60℃. For example, during peak tourist seasons with high hotel occupancy rates and high water consumption, the system uses intelligent control to rationally allocate heat from each storage tank to meet the hot water needs of different areas while ensuring stable water temperature. For special water needs of the hotel, such as the laundry room requiring high-temperature hot water for washing, the control system can supply high-temperature hot water separately from the high-temperature storage tank 4 or adjust the temperature by mixing hot water from other storage tanks. During off-peak water usage periods (such as early morning), the system automatically reduces operating power to decrease energy consumption but still maintains a certain reserve of hot water to cope with sudden water demand. For example, after a large banquet, the hotel experiences a sudden increase in water consumption in the restaurant and guest rooms. The system can respond quickly, adjusting its heating strategy to ensure an ample supply of hot water. The hotel's intelligent solar water heating system is integrated with the guest room management system and energy management system for intelligent management. For instance, based on room occupancy and guest water usage habits, the system can predict hot water demand in advance and optimize its operation. Simultaneously, the energy management system monitors the energy consumption of the intelligent solar water heating system in real time, performing data analysis and optimization to further improve energy efficiency.

[0104] The intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage of this invention has the following advantages:

[0105] 1. Multi-tank relay thermal storage structure enhances energy utilization and supply stability.

[0106] 1.1 Multi-tank relay heat storage structure: This system is designed with a relay heat storage structure consisting of a constant-temperature heating tank 6, a heat storage and temperature control tank 5, and a high-temperature heat storage tank 4. The heat storage tanks of different temperature levels work together to flexibly distribute heat according to the intensity of solar radiation and the user's water demand. When solar energy is abundant, heat is preferentially stored in the high-temperature and temperature control tanks; when the user's water consumption is high or solar radiation is weak, the heat in the temperature control and high-temperature tanks is used to supplement the heating of the constant-temperature heating tank. This relay method fully utilizes the instability of solar energy, improves the storage and utilization efficiency of solar energy, and ensures the stability of hot water supply.

[0107] 1.2 Optimized Piping and Valve Connection Layout: The heat storage tanks are connected via connecting pipes 7 and pipes equipped with electric valves (a-e, etc.), enabling the orderly transfer and distribution of heat. The electric valves precisely control the flow between tanks according to the control system's instructions, ensuring heat flows between different tanks according to a predetermined logic. This connection layout allows the system to flexibly adjust its heat storage and heating strategies based on actual operating conditions, further improving energy efficiency and hot water supply stability. For example, during periods of low water usage, the system can store excess heat in the high-temperature tank; during peak water usage periods, valve control allows heat from the high-temperature and temperature-controlled tanks to be quickly replenished to the constant-temperature heating tank, meeting the demand for large amounts of water.

[0108] 2. The intelligent control system achieves precise, efficient operation and optimization.

[0109] 2.1 Comprehensive Data Acquisition and Transmission System: Sensors are installed at key locations such as the inlet and outlet of solar collector 1 (via temperature sensor T2), each heat storage tank (via temperature sensors T1-1 to T1-5), and the end of the return water pipe (via temperature sensor T3) to collect water temperature, pressure, and other data in real time. This data is then transmitted to the controller via wired or wireless communication methods (such as RS485 bus, WiFi, etc.). This comprehensive and accurate data provides the foundation for intelligent control of the system, enabling the control system to make precise judgments and decisions based on actual conditions. For example, by comparing the water temperature at the solar collector outlet with the water temperature in the heat storage tank in real time, the timing and efficiency of heat transfer can be accurately determined, optimizing the start-stop control of the temperature difference circulation pump ②.

[0110] 2.2 Intelligent Logic Judgment and Control Command Generation Mechanism: The logic judgment unit in the control system analyzes the collected data based on preset control logic. According to the comparison results between the temperature of each heat storage tank and the set threshold, it precisely controls the opening and closing of electric valves, the start and stop of the temperature difference circulation pump, and the operating status of the heat pump. This intelligent control mechanism ensures the efficient transfer and rational distribution of heat in the system, maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. For example, when the water temperature in the constant-temperature heating tank 6 approaches the minimum heating temperature of 48℃, the heat pump water heater unit is started in advance for auxiliary heating to avoid the water temperature being too low and affecting user use; when a heat storage tank reaches a suitable temperature, the corresponding electric valve is opened or closed in a timely manner to achieve orderly heat transfer.

[0111] 3. Comprehensive security measures ensure reliable system operation.

[0112] 3.1 Appropriate Configuration of Venting and Safety Valves: Venting valves are installed at high points on the solar collectors to promptly release gases generated during heating, preventing gas blockage and ensuring normal system operation. A safety valve is installed on the top of the tank, automatically opening to release pressure when the internal pressure exceeds a safety threshold, ensuring the system operates within a safe pressure range. This coordinated configuration of venting and safety valves effectively prevents system malfunctions caused by gas accumulation or excessive pressure, ensuring safe system operation. For example, in hot summers, strong solar radiation may generate a significant amount of gas within the collector system; the venting valves can promptly release this gas, preventing pipe blockage or tank damage. When the system pressure abnormally rises for any reason, the safety valves quickly open to release pressure, protecting the equipment.

[0113] 3.2 Temperature control measures for the high-temperature tank effectively prevent scalding and overheating risks: A hot and cold water proportioning valve is installed at the direct water supply outlet of the high-temperature storage tank 4. By adjusting the hot and cold water ratio, the outlet temperature is strictly controlled to not exceed 65℃. During system operation, a temperature sensor monitors the outlet water temperature of the high-temperature tank in real time. Once it approaches or exceeds the set upper limit, the proportioning valve automatically increases the amount of cold water mixed in, reducing the supply water temperature. This measure not only prevents the risk of scalding when users use hot water but also ensures the safety and stability of the system during high-temperature heat storage and heating processes. For example, during peak water usage periods, if the direct water supply temperature of the high-temperature tank is too high, the hot and cold water proportioning valve can quickly adjust the water temperature, ensuring that users can use hot water safely and comfortably, while avoiding damage to pipes and equipment caused by high temperatures.

[0114] This invention relates to an intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage, designed to efficiently collect, store, and utilize solar energy to meet the stable hot water supply needs in various scenarios. It is primarily applied to various locations with continuous and stable hot water supply requirements, such as hotels, school dormitories, and public bathhouses. By optimizing the solar energy conversion and storage mechanism, it improves the overall performance and energy efficiency of the hot water supply system, distinguishing it from simple solar collectors or traditional hot water supply systems. This invention provides a highly efficient, stable, intelligent, and environmentally friendly solar water heating system that can fully utilize solar energy resources under different seasons and weather conditions to ensure a stable hot water supply, while also possessing good system reliability and environmental benefits to meet the diverse needs of modern society for hot water supply systems.

[0115] The above description is merely an example to clearly illustrate the present utility model and is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present utility model. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the embodiments here. All equivalent structural transformations made using the content of the technical solution of the present utility model under the concept of the present utility model, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank relay heat storage, characterized in that, The solar energy collector, the temperature difference circulating pump, the heat storage tank group, a plurality of temperature sensors, a plurality of electric valves and a control system are included. The heat storage tank group is provided with a plurality of tank bodies, including a constant temperature heating tank, a heat storage temperature control tank and a heat storage high temperature tank. The plurality of tank bodies are arranged in parallel, and the water outlet end of each tank body is connected to the water inlet end of the temperature difference circulating pump through a pipeline, the water outlet end of the temperature difference circulating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the solar energy collector through a pipeline, and the water outlet end of the solar energy collector is connected to the water inlet end of each tank body through a pipeline. The plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the plurality of tank bodies and the solar energy collector. The plurality of electric valves are arranged at the water inlet and outlet ends of the plurality of tank bodies. The control system is electrically connected with the plurality of temperature sensors, the plurality of electric valves and the temperature difference circulating pump, and is configured to control the plurality of tank bodies to perform relay heat storage.

2. The intelligent solar water heating system based on multi-tank body relay heat storage according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature heating tank is provided with a water taking end to provide users with hot water with stable temperature. The heat storage temperature control tank is used for storing and adjusting heat under different working conditions. The heat storage high temperature tank is used for meeting hot water demand under special conditions. The constant temperature heating tank is further connected with an auxiliary heating device, the auxiliary heating device includes a heating pump and a heater, the water inlet end of the heating pump is connected to the constant temperature heating tank through a pipeline, the water outlet end of the heating pump is connected to the water inlet end of the heater through a pipeline, and the water outlet end of the heater is connected to the constant temperature heating tank through a pipeline. The heat storage high temperature tank is further connected to a cold water source through a cold and hot water proportioning valve.

3. The multi-tank relay-based intelligent solar water heating system according to claim 2, wherein, The heat storage high temperature tank is further connected to user return water through a return water pump and a return water pipe.

4. The multi-tank relay-based intelligent solar water heating system of claim 2, wherein, Safety valves are arranged on the plurality of tank bodies, and communication pipes are further connected between adjacent tank bodies.

5. The multi-tank relay-based intelligent solar water heating system of claim 2, wherein, ​ 6. The multi-tank relay-based intelligent solar water heating system of claim 1, wherein, ​

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