Camera device

By designing a housing to protect the fill light in the camera device and using a light-blocking component to automatically control the light transmission hole, the problems of exposed fill lights affecting aesthetics and being easily damaged are solved, thereby improving aesthetics and image clarity and extending service life.

CN223987143UActive Publication Date: 2026-03-10KUNSHANSHAN TITANIUM ZHIXING ZHIYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-02-25
Publication Date
2026-03-10

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing camera equipment, the fill lights are exposed, which affects the aesthetics and is prone to aging and damage, failing to meet consumer needs.

Method used

Design a camera device that uses a housing to protect the supplementary light and automatically controls the opening and closing of the light-transmitting hole through a light-blocking component. The light-blocking component includes a light sensor, a driving component, and a light-blocking element. A servo motor drives a lead screw to open and close the light-transmitting hole. Combined with a dimming glass and a defogging component, the device improves its service life and aesthetics.

Benefits of technology

It effectively protects the fill light, prevents damage and aging, extends its service life, and maintains the aesthetics and image clarity of the camera device to meet consumer needs.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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  • Figure CN223987143U_ABST
    Figure CN223987143U_ABST
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Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of camera shooting equipment, and discloses a camera shooting device, which comprises a shell which comprises a mounting part, and the mounting part is provided with a first light hole and a second light hole; the camera is arranged in the shell and corresponds to the first light hole; the light supplementing lamp is arranged in the shell, the light supplementing lamp is close to the camera, and the light supplementing lamp is arranged corresponding to the second light hole; the light blocking assembly is used for opening or closing the second light transmitting hole, the light blocking assembly is arranged on the side, close to the camera, of the mounting part, and the light blocking assembly is located between the camera and the second light transmitting hole; when the light supplementing lamp is turned on, the light blocking assembly opens the second light transmitting hole so that light rays of the light supplementing lamp can pass through, and when the light supplementing lamp is turned off, the light blocking assembly closes the second light transmitting hole. Through the light blocking assembly, on one hand, aging and damage of the light supplementing lamp can be prevented, and on the other hand, the attractive effect can be achieved.
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Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to camera equipment technical field, in particular to a kind of camera device. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, camera is often used in intelligent obstacle avoidance vision module to carry out image recognition, in order to better carry out image recognition in indoor and outdoor environment, generally camera is designed with fill light, so as to provide clear image in relatively dark environment, and fill light is often exposed to design, on the one hand, the overall camera equipment is not beautiful, cannot meet the consumer demand for beauty, on the other hand, fill light is easy to age and be damaged. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a kind of camera device, which can protect fill light and achieve the effect of beauty.

[0004] The utility model provides a kind of camera device, comprising:

[0005] Shell, the shell includes installation part, the installation part is equipped with first light transmission hole and second light transmission hole;

[0006] Camera, the camera is located in the shell and is set correspondingly to the first light transmission hole;

[0007] Fill light, the fill light is located in the shell, the fill light is close to the camera, and the fill light is set correspondingly to the second light transmission hole;

[0008] Light blocking component, the light blocking component is used to open or close the second light transmission hole, the light blocking component is located on the side of the installation part close to the camera, and the light blocking component is located between the camera and the second light transmission hole;

[0009] When the fill light is turned on, the light blocking component opens the second light transmission hole so that the light of fill light can pass through, when the fill light is turned off, the light blocking component closes the second light transmission hole.

[0010] In an embodiment, the light blocking component includes light sensor, light blocking piece and driving assembly, the light sensor is located on the side of the light blocking piece close to the fill light, the light blocking piece is in transmission connection with the driving assembly, the light sensor is in signal connection with the driving assembly, and the light blocking piece and the driving assembly are located on the side of the installation part close to the camera;

[0011] The fill light, the camera and the light blocking component are electrically connected, and the fill light and the camera are located on the same circuit board.

[0012] In one embodiment, the driving assembly includes a servo motor and a drive screw. One end of the drive screw is connected to the servo motor, and the other end is fixedly connected to the light-blocking component. The servo motor drives the drive screw to extend and retract, thereby causing the light-blocking component to reciprocate, so that the light-blocking component opens or closes the second light-transmitting hole.

[0013] In one embodiment, the light-blocking assembly further includes a guide plate and a fixing member. The mounting portion has a first mounting groove on the side near the camera. The light-blocking member is movably disposed in the first mounting groove. The guide plate is disposed on the side of the mounting portion near the camera and fixes the light-blocking member in the first mounting groove. The fixing member is fixedly connected to the guide plate. The servo motor is disposed between the fixing member and the guide plate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the light-blocking component is a dimming glass, which is fixedly disposed on the side of the mounting portion near the camera and covers the second light-transmitting hole. The dimming glass is electrically connected to the fill light.

[0015] In one embodiment, the camera device further includes a light-transmitting cover, and a second mounting groove is provided on the side of the housing away from the camera, the light-transmitting cover being fitted into the second mounting groove.

[0016] In one embodiment, the light-transmitting cover is made of at least one of plastic, glass, and silicon-based materials.

[0017] In one embodiment, the camera device further includes a defogging assembly disposed on the housing.

[0018] In one embodiment, the defogging assembly includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a heating element. The temperature and humidity sensor is disposed on the housing and is signal-connected to the heating element. The heating element is disposed on the mounting portion and on the side close to the light-transmitting cover.

[0019] In one embodiment, the heating element is at least one of a heating wire, a heating element, a heating tube, and a heating rod.

[0020] In one embodiment, the camera device further includes a cover plate disposed on the side of the housing near the camera, and the camera is connected to the cover plate.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: by setting up a housing, the camera and the fill light can be protected from damage. The light-blocking component can prevent the fill light from being damaged and avoid rapid aging in sunlight or strong light environments, thus improving its service life. On the other hand, it also achieves an aesthetic effect. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an exploded structural diagram of a camera device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a camera device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a side view of a camera device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure at an angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the housing from another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing and light-blocking component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a guide plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing and light-blocking component according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The specific embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the description of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0035] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used merely to distinguish elements with similar properties, not to indicate or imply relative importance or a specific order.

[0036] The terms “include,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 1-9 It illustrates a camera device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0038] The housing 1 includes a mounting part 11, which is provided with a first light-transmitting hole 111 and a second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0039] Camera 2 is located inside housing 1 and is positioned corresponding to the first light-transmitting hole 111;

[0040] A fill light 3 is installed inside the housing 1, close to the camera 2, and is positioned corresponding to the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0041] Light blocking component 4 is used to open or close the second light-transmitting hole 112. The light blocking component 4 is located on the side of the mounting part 11 close to the camera 2, and the light blocking component 4 is located between the camera 2 and the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0042] When the supplementary light 3 is turned on, the light-blocking component 4 opens the second light-transmitting hole 112 to allow the light from the supplementary light 3 to pass through. When the supplementary light 3 is turned off, the light-blocking component 4 closes the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0043] In this embodiment, the housing 1 serves to protect the camera 2 and the fill light 3. The first light-transmitting hole 111 facilitates image formation by the camera 2, and the second light-transmitting hole 112 facilitates the passage of light from the fill light 3, improving the camera's shooting effect in darker environments and making the captured images clearer. The light-blocking component 4 can prevent the fill light 3 from being damaged and also prevent the fill light 3 from aging rapidly in sunlight or strong light environments, thus extending the service life of the fill light 3. At the same time, it also achieves an aesthetic effect, meeting people's consumer needs.

[0044] In one embodiment, the light-blocking assembly 4 includes a light sensor 41, a light-blocking element 42, and a driving assembly 43. The light sensor 41 is disposed on the side of the light-blocking element 42 near the supplementary light 3. The light-blocking element 42 is connected to the driving assembly 43 in a transmission manner. The light sensor 41 is connected to the driving assembly 43 in a signal manner. The light-blocking element 42 and the driving assembly 43 are disposed on the side of the mounting portion 11 near the camera 2.

[0045] The fill light 3, camera 2 and light-blocking component 4 are electrically connected, and the fill light 3 and camera 2 are located on the same circuit board.

[0046] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, when the external environment of the camera device is dark, the light sensor 41 detects that the ambient light has not reached a certain level of illumination. The light sensor 41 sends an activation signal to the fill light 3, and the fill light 3 turns on. After receiving the light from the fill light 3, the light sensor 41 transmits the activation signal to the drive component 43. The drive component 43 drives the light-blocking component 42 to move, thereby opening the second light-transmitting hole 112 so that the light from the fill light 3 can pass through, and the camera receives supplementary light, resulting in clearer imaging. After the fill light 3 turns off, the light sensor 41 does not receive the light from the fill light 3 and transmits a shutdown signal to the drive component 43. The drive component 43 drives the light-blocking component 42 to move, thereby closing the second light-transmitting hole 112. When the external environment of the camera device is bright, the light sensor 41 detects that the ambient light has not reached a certain level of illumination. At this time, the camera works normally, the fill light 3 is off, the light sensor 41 does not receive the light from the fill light 3, and the light-blocking component 42 is in the state of closing the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0047] In one embodiment, the drive assembly 43 includes a servo motor 431 and a drive screw 432. One end of the drive screw 432 is connected to the servo motor 431, and the other end is fixedly connected to the light-blocking member 42. The servo motor 431 drives the drive screw 432 to extend and retract, thereby causing the light-blocking member 42 to move back and forth, so that the light-blocking member 42 opens or closes the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 andFigure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the servo motor 431 and the drive screw 432 are located on the side of the mounting part 11 near the camera 2. The end of the light-blocking member 42 away from the servo motor 431 is provided with a fixing part, and the fixing part is provided with a fixing hole. One end of the drive screw 432 is connected to the servo motor 431, and the other end is fixed in the fixing hole. When the external environment of the camera device is dark, the light sensor 41 sends an activation signal to the fill light 3, and the fill light 3 is turned on. After receiving the light from the fill light 3, the light sensor 41 transmits the activation signal to the servo motor 431. The servo motor 431 retracts through the drive screw 432 to drive the light-blocking member 42 to gradually move towards the servo motor 431 and gradually away from the second light-transmitting hole 112, thereby opening the second light-transmitting hole 112 so that the light from the fill light 3 can pass through, the camera receives supplementary light, and the image is clearer. After the fill light 3 is turned off, the light sensor 431... If the light sensor 41 does not receive light from the supplementary light 3, it transmits a shutdown signal to the servo motor 431. The servo motor 431 drives the lead screw 432 to extend, thereby driving the light-blocking component 42 to gradually move away from the servo motor 431 and gradually approach the second light-transmitting hole 112 until it completely blocks the second light-transmitting hole 112, thus closing the second light-transmitting hole 112. When the external environment of the camera device is bright, the camera works normally, the supplementary light 3 is off, the light sensor 41 does not receive light from the supplementary light 3, and the light-blocking component 42 is in the state of closing the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0049] In one embodiment, the light-blocking assembly 4 further includes a guide plate 44 and a fixing member 45. The mounting part 11 is provided with a first mounting groove 113 on the side near the camera 2. The light-blocking member 42 is movably disposed in the first mounting groove 113. The guide plate 44 is disposed on the side of the mounting part 11 near the camera 2 and fixes the light-blocking member 42 in the first mounting groove 113. The fixing member 45 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 44. The servo motor 431 is disposed between the fixing member 45 and the guide plate 44.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figures 3-5 and Figures 7-8As shown, in this embodiment, the guide plate 44 is bonded to the mounting part 11. The guide plate 44 is provided with a positioning post (441). The guide plate 44 is fixedly connected to the fixing member 45 through the positioning post (441). The servo motor 431 is clamped between the fixing member 45 and the guide plate 44. The second light-transmitting hole 112 is provided in the first mounting groove 113. The end of the light-blocking member 42 away from the servo motor 431 is provided with a fixing part. The fixing part is provided with a fixing hole. One end of the drive screw 432 is connected to the servo motor 431, and the other end is fixedly provided in the fixing hole. When the external environment of the camera device is dark, the light sensor 41 detects that the ambient light has not reached a certain level of illumination. The light sensor 41 sends an activation signal to the fill light 3, and the fill light 3 turns on. After the light sensor 41 receives the light from the fill light 3 and the fill light 3 reaches a certain level of illumination, it sends an activation signal to the servo motor 431. The servo motor 431 drives the lead screw 432 to retract, thereby driving the light blocking component 42 to gradually move closer to the servo motor 431 and further away from the second light-transmitting hole 112 in the first mounting groove 113. This opens the second light-transmitting hole 112, allowing the light from the fill light 3 to pass through, providing supplementary lighting for the camera and resulting in clearer imaging. When the fill light 3 is turned off, the light sensor 41 does not receive light from the fill light 3 and transmits a shutdown signal to the servo motor 431. The servo motor 431 drives the lead screw 432 to extend, thereby driving the light-blocking component 42 to gradually move away from the servo motor 431 and gradually approach the second light-transmitting hole 112 in the first mounting groove 113 until it completely blocks the second light-transmitting hole 112, thus closing the second light-transmitting hole 112. When the external environment of the camera device is bright, the light sensor 41 detects that the external ambient light has not reached a certain illuminance. At this time, the camera works normally, the fill light 3 is turned off, the light sensor 41 does not receive light from the fill light 3, and the light-blocking component 42 is located in the first mounting groove 113 and blocks the second light-transmitting hole 112, so that the second light-transmitting hole 112 is in a closed state.

[0051] The light-blocking component 42 is fixed and restricted to move within the first mounting groove 113 by the guide plate 44, so that the light-blocking component 42 moves stably within the first mounting groove 113. Thus, the second light-transmitting hole 112 is opened or closed under the drive of the servo motor 431, which improves the overall stability. The servo motor 431 is clamped between the fixing component 45 and the guide plate 44, which saves space. The first mounting groove 113 reduces the weight of the camera device, further saving space and reducing costs.

[0052] In one embodiment, the light-blocking member 42 is a dimming glass, which is fixedly disposed on the side of the mounting part 11 near the camera 2 and covers the second light-transmitting hole 112. The dimming glass is electrically connected to the fill light 3.

[0053] like Figure 9As shown, in one embodiment, the mounting part 11 is provided with a first mounting groove 113 on the side near the camera 2, the light blocking member 4 is a light-transmitting glass, the second light-transmitting hole 112 is provided in the first mounting groove 113, and the light-transmitting glass is fixedly installed in the first mounting groove 113 and covers the second light-transmitting hole 112.

[0054] When the external environment of the camera device is dark, the light sensor 41 detects that the ambient light has not reached a certain level. The light sensor 41 sends an activation signal to the fill light 3. When the fill light 3 is turned on, the dimming glass is electrically connected to the fill light 3 and opens synchronously. At this time, the dimming glass is in a transparent state, and the second light-transmitting hole 112 is opened, allowing the light from the fill light 3 to pass through the second light-transmitting hole 112, so that the camera receives supplementary light and the image is clearer. When the fill light 3 is turned off, the dimming glass closes synchronously. At this time, the dimming glass is in an opaque state, and the second light-transmitting hole 112 is closed.

[0055] In one embodiment, the camera device further includes a light-transmitting cover 6, and a second mounting groove 12 is provided on the side of the housing 1 away from the camera 2, and the light-transmitting cover 6 is fitted into the second mounting groove 12.

[0056] like Figures 1-4 As shown, in this example, the mounting part 11 is located at the end of the housing 1 away from the camera 2 and close to the light-transmitting cover 6. The light-transmitting cover 6 can play a role in protection and dust prevention, and does not affect the normal operation of the camera and the fill light.

[0057] In one embodiment, the light-transmitting cover 6 is made of at least one of plastic, glass, and silicon-based materials.

[0058] In this embodiment, the light-transmitting cover 6 is made of glass.

[0059] In one embodiment, the camera device further includes a defogging component 5, which is disposed on the housing 1.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, during the use of the camera device, the shooting quality is often reduced due to fogging and water accumulation on the surface of the light-transmitting cover 6, which greatly reduces the imaging effect. The defogging component 5 can effectively remove the water mist on the light-transmitting cover 6, making the image formed by the camera device clearer.

[0061] In one embodiment, the defogging assembly 5 includes a temperature and humidity sensor 51 and a heating element 52. The temperature and humidity sensor 51 is disposed on the housing 1 and is signal-connected to the heating element 52. The heating element 52 is disposed on the mounting part 11 and on the side close to the light-transmitting cover 6.

[0062] like Figures 1-2 and Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, when the temperature and humidity sensor 51 senses that the external temperature is too low and the humidity is too high, it transmits a start signal to the heating element 52, and the heating element 52 works, causing the temperature inside the housing 1 and the light-transmitting cover 6 to rise, preventing fogging on the surface of the light-transmitting cover 6, and making the image formed by the camera clearer; when the temperature and humidity sensor 51 senses that the external temperature and humidity have returned to normal, it transmits a shut-off signal to the heating element 52, and the heating element 52 stops working.

[0063] In one embodiment, the heating element 52 is at least one of a heating wire, a heating plate, a heating tube, and a heating rod.

[0064] In this embodiment, the heating element 52 is a heating wire.

[0065] In one embodiment, the camera device further includes a cover plate 7, which is disposed on the side of the housing 1 near the camera 2, and the camera 2 is connected to the cover plate 7.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the camera 2 is fixedly connected to the cover plate 7, and the cover plate 7 is detachably connected to the side of the housing 1 near the camera 2. The cover plate 7 serves to protect and prevent dust, and also facilitates opening for maintenance and cleaning.

[0067] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An image pickup device, characterized by comprising: The application relates to a camera with a light shielding assembly. The camera comprises a housing (1) provided with a mounting portion (11) provided with a first light transmission hole (111) and a second light transmission hole (112); a camera (2) arranged in the housing (1) and corresponding to the first light transmission hole (111); a light supplement lamp (3) arranged in the housing (1) and close to the camera (2), and corresponding to the second light transmission hole (112); and a light shielding assembly (4) for opening or closing the second light transmission hole (112), which is arranged on one side of the mounting portion (11) close to the camera (2) and between the camera (2) and the second light transmission hole (112). When the light supplement lamp (3) is turned on, the light shielding assembly (4) opens the second light transmission hole (112) to allow the light of the light supplement lamp (3) to pass through; and when the light supplement lamp (3) is turned off, the light shielding assembly (4) closes the second light transmission hole (112). The light shielding assembly (4) comprises a light sensor (41), a light shielding piece (42) and a driving assembly (43), the light sensor (41) is arranged on one side of the light shielding piece (42) close to the light supplement lamp (3), the light shielding piece (42) is in transmission connection with the driving assembly (43), the light sensor (41) is in signal connection with the driving assembly (43), and the light shielding piece (42) and the driving assembly (43) are arranged on one side of the mounting portion (11) close to the camera (2). The light supplement lamp (3), the camera (2) and the light shielding assembly (4) are electrically connected, and the light supplement lamp (3) and the camera (2) are arranged on the same circuit board. The driving assembly (43) comprises a servo motor (431) and a driving screw rod (432), one end of the driving screw rod (432) is connected with the servo motor (431), the other end is fixedly connected with the light shielding piece (42), the servo motor (431) drives the driving screw rod (432) to extend or retract to drive the light shielding piece (42) to reciprocate, so that the light shielding piece (42) opens or closes the second light transmission hole (112).

2. The camera of claim 1, wherein The light shielding assembly (4) further comprises a guide plate (44) and a fixing piece (45), one side of the mounting portion (11) close to the camera (2) is provided with a first mounting groove (113), the light shielding piece (42) is movably arranged in the first mounting groove (113), the guide plate (44) is arranged on one side of the mounting portion (11) close to the camera (2) and fixes the light shielding piece (42) in the first mounting groove (113), the fixing piece (45) is fixedly connected with the guide plate (44), and the servo motor (431) is arranged between the fixing piece (45) and the guide plate (44). ​ 3. The camera of claim 2, wherein, ​ 4. The camera of claim 3, wherein, ​ 5. The camera of claim 2, wherein The light blocking piece (42) is a light adjusting glass, which is fixed on the side of the mounting portion (11) close to the camera (2) and covers the second light transmitting hole (112), and is electrically connected with the light supplement lamp (3).

6. The camera of claim 1, wherein The camera further comprises a light transmitting cover (6), and a second mounting groove (12) is arranged on the side of the shell (1) away from the camera (2), and the light transmitting cover (6) is assembled in the second mounting groove (12).

7. The camera of claim 6, wherein, The camera further comprises a defogging assembly (5), which is arranged on the shell (1).

8. The camera of claim 7, wherein, The defogging assembly (5) comprises a temperature and humidity sensor (51) and an electric heating element (52), the temperature and humidity sensor (51) is arranged on the shell (1) and is signal connected with the electric heating element (52), and the electric heating element (52) is arranged on the mounting portion (11) and is close to the side of the light transmitting cover (6).

9. The camera of claim 8, wherein, The electric heating element (52) is at least one of an electric heating wire, an electric heating sheet, an electric heating tube and an electric heating rod.

10. The camera of claim 5, wherein, The camera further comprises a cover plate (7), which is arranged on the side of the shell (1) close to the camera (2), and the camera (2) is connected with the cover plate (7).