Battery pack and energy storage cabinet

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery pack and an energy storage cabinet, the battery pack comprises a battery pack shell, a battery cell and a battery cell fixing mechanism used for limiting the displacement of the battery cell, and a forced convection heat exchange path is formed in the battery pack through a convection heat exchange path formed by an air inlet, an air outlet and a medium flow channel of the battery pack shell and a fan arranged at the air outlet; by arranging the positions of the air inlet and the air outlet, the leading-in area and the leading-in amount of an external medium can be increased, and the flowing power of the medium is improved; the medium flow channel can cover the heating area of the battery cell in all directions, so that the medium fully exchanges heat with the battery cell and the internal structure of the battery pack, heat generated in the operation process of the battery pack is quickly taken away, internal heat accumulation is effectively inhibited, and the risk of thermal runaway of the battery cell is remarkably reduced. Meanwhile, the battery cell fixing mechanism is combined, so that battery cell fixing and smooth flowing of the medium in the battery pack can be considered, the medium fully exchanges heat with the structure in the pack, and the temperature control effect of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage system technology, specifically to a battery pack and energy storage cabinet. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, energy storage cabinets, as key equipment for centralized energy storage, are widely used in photovoltaic power plants, wind power projects, grid peak shaving, and industrial and commercial backup power supplies due to their characteristics of balancing energy supply and demand and ensuring stable energy supply. The battery pack is the core energy storage unit of the energy storage cabinet. Whether its internal temperature can be stabilized within a suitable range, ensuring that the battery cells are always at a suitable operating temperature, directly determines the working performance, operational safety, and service life of the battery cells, thus affecting the long-term operational efficiency and reliability of the energy storage cabinet.

[0003] During the operation of an energy storage cabinet, the temperature of the battery cells within the battery pack fluctuates during charge and discharge cycles. This is especially true in large-scale energy storage scenarios, where the cabinet typically integrates multiple battery pack modules. The relatively enclosed internal space makes it difficult to maintain drastic temperature fluctuations within the battery pack, making it challenging to keep the cells within their optimal operating temperature range. This can lead to reduced charge and discharge efficiency and energy density, and even accelerated performance degradation due to temperature imbalances, potentially causing safety hazards and seriously threatening the operational safety of the energy storage cabinet.

[0004] Existing natural heat dissipation relies on heat conduction and radiation between the battery pack casing and the external environment, resulting in extremely low heat dissipation efficiency and making it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power, high-density energy storage cabinets. Furthermore, traditional air-cooled structures often have a simple arrangement of media flow channels, hindering the smooth flow of the medium throughout the channel and its rapid expulsion from the battery pack, leading to low heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the internal heat dissipation structure of the battery pack to enhance heat dissipation efficiency and meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power, high-density energy storage cabinets. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a battery pack and energy storage cabinet, specifically adopting the following technical solution:

[0006] A battery pack includes a battery pack housing, a plurality of battery cells located inside the battery pack housing, and a battery cell fixing mechanism for limiting the displacement of the battery cells;

[0007] The battery pack housing includes a main housing with an opening at the top and a top cover plate. The top cover plate is installed at the opening of the main housing, and an installation cavity for accommodating the battery cells is formed between the top cover plate and the main housing.

[0008] Multiple battery cells are connected in series and / or in parallel in the mounting cavity;

[0009] The main housing is provided with at least one air inlet, air outlet, and medium flow channel. The air inlet adopts a hole array structure formed by multiple through holes and is arranged on the rear surface and / or side surface of the main housing. The medium flow channel is connected to the air inlet and introduces the medium outside the battery pack into the medium flow channel through the air inlet. The air outlet adopts a single circular hole structure and is arranged on the front surface of the main housing. The medium flow channel is connected to the air outlet, and the air outlet is equipped with a fan. The fan drives the medium in the medium flow channel to flow through the air outlet to the outside of the battery pack housing.

[0010] The medium flow channel is distributed at least one of the following locations: the gap between the top cover plate and the top of the cell, the gap between the main casing and the side of the cell, and the gap between adjacent cells;

[0011] The battery cell fixing mechanism includes one or more first fixing rods, or the battery cell fixing mechanism includes a second fixing rod, an end limiting plate, and a top limiting plate.

[0012] Optionally: Multiple cells arranged in a single row form a single cell unit; two or more cell units are arranged at intervals or side by side; cells in each cell unit are connected in series and / or in parallel; and cells at the beginning and end positions of adjacent cell units are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0013] Optional: A front panel is provided at the front of the main housing, and a battery management system is fixedly installed on the front panel.

[0014] Optional: The battery pack housing is equipped with a fire suppression unit, which is used to extinguish battery cells that are in a state of thermal runaway.

[0015] Furthermore: the fire unit includes an aerosol fire suppression device, which is equipped with a trigger wire that surrounds all or part of the battery cells inside the battery pack housing.

[0016] Optionally: The first fixing rod has a flat-bottomed U-shaped cross section, the first fixing rod is arranged on the top of the battery cell, and each first fixing rod spans multiple battery cells, and the end of the first fixing rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the main housing.

[0017] Optionally: The bottom of the first fixing rod is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell; the side surface of the first fixing rod is provided with at least one cable through hole and / or cable tie connection hole, the cable through hole is used to bind the cables inside the battery pack, and the cable tie connection hole is used to provide a fixing position for the cable ties of the cables.

[0018] Optional: Two second fixing rods are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the main housing; multiple battery cells are arranged side by side to form a battery cell unit, and the battery cell unit is distributed between the two second fixing rods;

[0019] Each battery cell has an end limiting plate at both ends. The end limiting plate is located directly above the second fixing rod on the same side. Each end limiting plate has at least two longitudinal through holes with connecting bolts. The ends of the connecting bolts are connected to the corresponding second fixing rod.

[0020] The top limiting plate is located at the top of the cell unit. The end of the top limiting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the end limiting plate. The top limiting plate and the end limiting plate form a semi-open limiting frame, which restricts the cell unit within the main housing.

[0021] Optional: The top limiting plate is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell, and a flexible circuit board is provided in the middle of the top limiting plate. The flexible circuit board is used to collect data of the battery cell.

[0022] In addition, this application discloses an energy storage cabinet equipped with the aforementioned battery pack.

[0023] The technical solution of this application achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This application's battery pack utilizes a layout design that integrates the air inlet, air outlet, and media flow channels within the battery pack casing to create a forced convection heat transfer path. Combined with a fan positioned at the air outlet, this design fosters a forced convection heat transfer path within the battery pack. The strategic placement of the air inlet and outlet increases the area and volume of external media introduced, enhancing media flow dynamics. Furthermore, the optimized distribution of the media flow channels ensures comprehensive coverage of the heat-generating areas of the battery cells, facilitating thorough heat exchange between the media and the cells and the internal structure of the battery pack. This rapidly removes heat generated during battery pack operation, effectively suppressing internal heat accumulation and significantly reducing the risk of thermal runaway. Additionally, the cell fixing mechanism in this application secures the cells without affecting the refrigerant flow, ensuring smooth media flow within the battery pack and maximizing heat exchange between the media and the internal structure. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the medium flow channel arranged between the top cover and the top of the battery cell in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the medium flow channels arranged between the side surface of the main housing and the side of the battery cell, as well as between adjacent battery cells, in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the battery pack in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a top-down structural diagram of a battery pack with cells arranged in a matrix, as shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack housing with the air inlet arranged on the rear surface of the main housing in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a top-down structural diagram of a battery pack with spaced-apart cell units in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack housing with the air inlet arranged on the side surface of the main housing in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first fixing mechanism in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second fixing mechanism in the embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the top limiting plate in the embodiment of this application.

[0035] The specific meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0036] 1-Main housing; 101-Media flow channel; 102-Air inlet; 103-Air outlet; 2-Top cover; 3-Front panel; 301-Data interface; 302-Power transmission interface; 4-Fan; 5-Battery cell; 601-First fixing rod; 6011-First through hole; 6012-Cable through hole; 6013-Cable tie connection hole; 701-Second fixing rod; 702-End limiting plate; 7021-Longitudinal through hole; 703-Top limiting plate; 7031-Second through hole; 7032-Bus connection hole; 704-Flexible circuit board; 7041-Collection position; 8-Aerosol fire suppression device; 9-Battery management system.

[0037] 1a - Front surface of the main housing; 1b - Rear surface of the main housing; 1c - Side surface of the main housing; 1d - Bottom of the main housing; 5a - Top of the cell; 5b - Bottom of the cell; 5c - Side of the cell; 601a - End of the first fixing rod; 601b - Bottom of the first fixing rod; 601c - Side surface of the first fixing rod. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present application.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy. The term "multiple" in this application refers to two or more (including two); similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0040] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] In this embodiment, the battery pack is installed inside the energy storage cabinet in a manner similar to a sliding drawer. In this embodiment, the front surface of the battery pack is the side in which the force direction of the battery pack is indicated when the battery pack is pulled during disassembly; the rear surface of the battery pack is the side in which the force direction of the battery pack is indicated when the battery pack is pushed during installation; and the side surface of the battery pack is the side perpendicular to the front-to-back direction. It should be noted that the directional descriptions such as "top," "bottom," "front surface," "rear surface," and "side surface" in this embodiment are set for the purpose of more clearly explaining the technical solution of this application. In practical applications, these directional descriptions can be adjusted accordingly based on the specific installation and usage of the energy storage cabinet and battery pack.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] This embodiment 1 specifically discloses a battery pack, which serves as the energy storage unit of an energy storage cabinet. The battery pack includes a battery pack shell, multiple battery cells 5 located inside the battery pack shell, and a battery cell fixing mechanism for limiting the displacement of the battery cells 5. The battery pack achieves the dual goals of efficient heat exchange and battery cell positioning within the battery pack by cooperating with the heat dissipation structure inside the battery pack shell and the battery cell fixing mechanism, effectively suppressing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the battery pack housing consists of a main housing 1 with an upper opening and an upper cover plate 2. The main housing 1 is preferably formed by integral molding or welding assembly. The upper cover plate 2 is fixedly installed to the opening of the main housing 1 in a detachable manner, such as by bolt connection, thereby forming an installation cavity for accommodating the battery cell 5 between the upper cover plate 2 and the main housing 1.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment 1, multiple battery cells 5 can be connected in series, in parallel, or a combination of both. In the actual battery pack assembly process, the specific connection method of the battery cells 5 can be selected based on the expected design requirements. Multiple battery cells 5 arranged in a single row form a single battery cell unit. Two or more battery cell units are arranged alternately or side-by-side. Within each battery cell unit, the battery cells 5 are connected in series and / or in parallel, and the battery cells 5 at the beginning and end positions of adjacent battery cell units are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the multiple battery cells 5 arranged in the mounting cavity of the battery pack housing can be connected in series. For example, the multiple battery cells 5 can be arranged in a single row, connected in series with the negative terminal of the previous battery cell 5 connected to the positive terminal of the next battery cell 5 to form a single battery cell unit. In the case of multiple battery cell units, the negative terminal of the last battery cell 5 in the previous battery cell unit can be connected to the positive terminal of the first battery cell 5 in the next battery cell unit. This method allows the battery cells 5 to be connected in series to form a battery cell group, which is suitable for scenarios requiring high voltage and relatively stable current.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the multiple cells 5 arranged in the mounting cavity of the battery pack housing can also be connected in parallel; for example, multiple cells 5 are arranged in a single row to form a cell unit, in which the positive and negative terminals of all cells 5 are connected together to form a parallel cell unit. In the case of multiple cell units, the positive terminal of cell 5 in one cell unit can be connected to the positive terminal of the next cell unit, and similarly, the negative terminal of cell 5 in one cell unit can be connected to the negative terminal of the next cell unit. In this way, all cells 5 in the battery pack are connected in parallel to form a cell group. This method is suitable for scenarios requiring high current and relatively stable voltage.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the multiple cells 5 arranged in the mounting cavity of the battery pack housing can also be connected in a combination of series and parallel. For example, some cells 5 can be connected to form a single cell unit by connecting the positive terminal of the previous cell 5 to the negative terminal of the next cell 5. Then, the positive or negative terminals of the first and last cells 5 in the multiple cell units can be connected in parallel. Alternatively, some cells 5 can be connected in parallel to form a single cell unit. Then, the positive terminal of the cell 5 at the end of the previous cell unit can be connected in series with the negative terminal of the cell 5 at the end of the next cell unit. In this way, all the cells 5 in the battery pack can be connected to form a cell group to meet the diverse requirements of battery pack voltage and current under different complex working conditions.

[0050] Because the heat generated by cell 5 during charging and discharging can cause temperature fluctuations inside the battery pack casing, to ensure that cell 5 is in a stable and suitable working environment, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment 1, an air inlet 102 and an air outlet 103 are provided in the main housing 1, and the air inlet 102 and the air outlet 103 are connected by a medium flow channel 101. The air inlet 102 adopts a hole array structure formed by multiple through holes. In this embodiment 1, the air inlet 102 can be arranged on the rear surface 1b or the side surface 1c of the main housing, or it can be arranged on both the rear surface 1b and the side surface 1c of the main housing. Its arrangement position can be selected according to the flow channel arrangement inside the energy storage cabinet. For example, if the flow channel layout inside the energy storage cabinet prioritizes guiding the medium inside the cabinet to the sides of the cabinet, then the air inlet 102 of the main housing 1 in the battery pack can preferably be arranged on the side surface 1c of the main housing. Or, if the flow channel layout inside the energy storage cabinet prioritizes guiding the medium inside the cabinet to the rear side of the cabinet, then the air inlet 102 of the main housing 1 in the battery pack can preferably be arranged on the rear surface 1b of the main housing.

[0051] It should be noted that in this embodiment 1, the through hole can be one or more of the following: a strip hole, a polygonal hole, or a round hole. The through holes need to be evenly distributed to ensure that the external medium can be evenly introduced into the battery pack.

[0052] In this embodiment 1, the air outlet 103 is arranged on the front surface 1a of the main housing, and the air outlet 103 preferably adopts a single round hole structure. The air outlet 103 is fixedly connected to a fan 4, and the air outlet 4 is directed towards the outside of the battery pack. By controlling the speed of the fan 4, the air volume of the medium inside the battery flowing out of the battery pack can be adjusted, thereby controlling the heat dissipation speed inside the battery pack, so as to keep the temperature inside the battery pack stable.

[0053] In this embodiment 1, the air inlet 102 and the air outlet 103 are connected by the medium flow channel 101. The medium flow channel 101 contains a medium in a flowing state. When the fan 4 rotates, the medium in the medium flow channel 101 will be discharged through the air outlet 103. Due to the air pressure difference between the medium flow channel 101 and the outside of the battery pack, the medium outside the battery pack will enter the medium flow channel 101 through the air inlet 102 to replenish it. Continuing this process, the external medium continuously enters the battery pack and uses the medium to directly contact the surface of the cell 5, so that the medium and the cell 5 can exchange heat. Then it is discharged from the battery pack, thereby suppressing the temperature of the cell 5.

[0054] To ensure effective heat exchange, the medium flow channel 101 must cover the main heat-generating area of ​​the battery cell 5 to ensure that the medium can fully exchange heat with the battery cell 5.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown in Embodiment 1, the medium flow channel 101 can be arranged at the gap between the upper cover plate 2 and the top 5a of the battery cell. Generally, when the battery cells 5 are connected in the battery pack, the tabs of the top 5a of different battery cells are connected through a busbar. When the battery cell 5 is working, this position generates the most heat. Therefore, the medium flow channel 101 can be arranged at the gap between the upper cover plate 2 and the top 5a of the battery cell, so that the medium can directly contact the main heat-generating area of ​​the top 5a of the battery cell, effectively absorbing the heat generated by the battery cell 5, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and thus better suppressing the temperature of the battery cell 5, ensuring that the battery pack operates stably within a suitable temperature range. This arrangement makes full use of the top space inside the battery pack and will not have a significant impact on the layout of other components inside the battery pack.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, refer to Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment 1, the medium flow channel 101 can be arranged at the gap between the side surface 1c of the main housing and the side portion 5c of the battery cell. Generally, there is a certain distance gap between the battery cell 5 inside the battery pack and the side surface 1c of the main housing. The medium flow channel 101 can be arranged within this gap, allowing the medium to flow around the side portion 5c of the battery cell, fully absorbing the heat generated by the side portion 5c of the battery cell, and further enhancing the heat exchange effect. This arrangement also helps to achieve a uniform temperature distribution inside the battery pack and avoid the occurrence of local overheating.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, refer to Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment 1, the medium flow channel 101 can also be arranged in the gap between adjacent cells 5. Since the cells 5 are closely arranged, localized high-temperature areas can easily form between adjacent cells 5. Therefore, the medium flow channel 101 can be set in the gap between the cells 5, allowing the medium to flow fully through the high-temperature area on the side 5c of the cell for heat exchange. This arrangement can fully utilize the gap space between the cells 5, improve heat dissipation efficiency, and ensure that the cells 5 operate within a safe temperature range. When there are many cells 5, a fixed number of cells 5 can be arranged in a single row to form a single cell unit, and the medium flow channel 101 is set in the gap between adjacent cell units to ensure that the cells 5 are closely arranged within the battery pack, while allowing the medium to flow smoothly between the cell units, achieving efficient heat exchange.

[0058] It should be noted that the arrangement of the media flow channel 101 in this embodiment 1 can be used individually or in combination. For example, media flow channels 101 can be set in the gap between the upper cover plate 2 and the top 5a of the cell, the gap between the side surface 1c of the main shell and the side 5c of the cell, and the gap between adjacent cells 5 in the battery pack, to achieve all-round heat dissipation coverage of the cell 5 and maximize the suppression of the risk of thermal runaway of the cell 5. Alternatively, media flow channels 101 can be set in the gap between the side surface 1c of the main shell and the side 5c of the cell, and the gap between adjacent cells 5 in the battery pack. The media flow channel 101 can effectively exchange heat on the side surface of the cell 5, avoiding heat accumulation on the side 5c of the cell. In actual battery pack design, the specific layout of the media flow channel 101 can be selected according to the number of cells 5, heat dissipation requirements, operating power, etc.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment 1, the battery pack has a front panel 3 on the front surface 1a of the main housing. A battery management system 9 is fixedly installed on the front panel 3. The battery management system 9 can monitor the working status of each cell 5 in the battery pack in real time, including key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. The battery management system 9 generally has data processing and storage functions, and can analyze the collected working status data of the cells 5 in real time to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the cells 5, such as overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating, and issue early warning signals in a timely manner so as to take corresponding measures to ensure the safe operation of the battery pack and ensure that the battery pack operates under safe and stable conditions. It should be noted that in this embodiment 1, the front surface 1a of the main housing can be part of the front panel 3 and integrally formed with the main housing 1, or the front panel 3 can be designed as an independent component and fixedly installed on the front surface 1a of the main housing by means of bolt connection, snap-fit ​​connection, or other detachable methods.

[0060] Furthermore, the front panel 3 also includes a data interface 301 and a power transmission interface 302. The data interface 301 is used for data transmission with external devices, such as connecting to a high-voltage energy storage box to achieve centralized monitoring and management of the battery pack's operating status. Operating data for the corresponding battery pack can be obtained through this interface. The power transmission interface 302 is used to achieve electrical connections between battery packs or the high-voltage box to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The integrated interface layout on the front panel 3 reduces external wiring connections and improves the reliability and safety of the battery pack.

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] This embodiment 2 specifically discloses a battery pack, which includes a battery pack housing, a plurality of battery cells 5 located inside the battery pack housing, and a battery cell fixing mechanism for limiting the displacement of the battery cells 5. Figure 3 As shown, the battery pack housing adopts the same structure as in Embodiment 1. The battery pack housing forms an installation cavity for accommodating the battery cell 5 through the main housing 1 with an upper opening and the upper cover plate 2.

[0063] like Figure 4As shown in Embodiment 2, the battery pack housing contains a matrix of multiple battery cells 5. These battery cells 5 are preferably connected in series. For example, in each row of battery cells 5, the negative terminal of the previous battery cell 5 is connected in series with the positive terminal of the next battery cell 5 to form a single battery cell unit. Then, the negative terminal of the last battery cell 5 in the previous battery cell unit is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery cell 5 in the next battery cell unit. It should be noted that in this embodiment 2, to facilitate electrical connection between adjacent cell units, the electrode tabs of cells 5 in adjacent cell units are arranged in opposite directions. For example, in a battery pack, cells 5 are distributed in a 3×6 matrix, and the positive and negative electrodes of cells 5 are distributed along the length direction. If the positive electrode of cell 5 in the first row of cell units is biased towards the front surface of the battery pack, then the positive electrode of the first cell 5 biased towards the front surface of the battery pack in the first row of cell units is used as a terminal and connected to the power supply interface 302 of the front panel 3. Meanwhile, the negative electrode of the sixth cell 5 biased towards the rear surface of the battery pack in the first row of cell units is connected to the positive electrode of the first cell 5 in the second row of cell units. In this case, the arrangement direction of the positive and negative electrodes of cells 5 in the second row of cell units is opposite to that of cells 5 in the first row of cell units. That is, the positive terminals of the first row of cells 5 are all biased towards the front surface of the battery pack, and the positive terminals of the second row of cells 5 are all biased towards the rear surface of the battery pack. At this time, the negative terminal of the sixth cell 5 in the first row of cells is connected to the positive terminal of the first cell 5 in the second row of cells through a bus. Similarly, the arrangement direction of the cells 5 in the third row of cells is opposite to that of the second row of cells. At this time, the negative terminal of the sixth cell 5 in the second row of cells is connected to the positive terminal of the first cell 5 in the third row of cells through a bus. The negative terminal of the sixth cell 5 in the third row of cells is connected to another power output interface 302 on the front panel 3. In this way, the cells 5 can be connected in series to form a cell group. This method is suitable for scenarios with high voltage requirements and relatively stable current requirements.

[0064] In addition, such as Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment 2, the air inlet 102 adopts a hole array structure formed by multiple through holes. To further increase the air intake, three air inlets 102 are arranged side by side at intervals on the rear surface 1b of the main housing. It should be noted that in this embodiment 2, the through holes of the air inlet 102 are preferably one or more of the following: strip holes, polygonal holes, or round holes. The through holes are evenly distributed to ensure that the external medium can be evenly introduced into the battery pack. In this embodiment 2, the air outlet 103 is still arranged on the front surface 1a of the main housing, and the air outlet 103 preferably adopts a single round hole structure. A fan 4 is fixedly connected at the position of the air outlet 103, and the air outlet direction of the fan 4 is towards the outside of the battery pack.

[0065] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment 2, the medium flow channel 101 is arranged at the gap between the upper cover plate 2 and the top 5a of the battery cell. When the battery cell 5 is working, the top 5a of the battery cell generates the most heat. At this time, the medium directly contacts the main heat-generating area of ​​the top 5a of the battery cell, effectively absorbing the heat generated by the battery cell 5, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and thus better suppressing the temperature of the battery cell 5, ensuring that the battery pack operates stably within a suitable temperature range. After exchanging heat with the top 5a of the battery cell, the medium in the medium flow channel 101 is discharged from the battery pack through the air outlet 103 under the drive of the fan 4. At this time, the medium flow channel 101 has a pressure difference with the outside, and the outside air is replenished into the medium flow channel 101 through the air inlet 102 on the rear surface of the battery pack.

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment 2, to secure the battery cell 5 while avoiding obstructing the smooth flow of the medium within the medium channel 101, the battery cell securing mechanism employs one or more first securing rods 601, each with a flat-bottomed U-shaped cross-section. This cross-sectional design ensures that the first securing rod 601 possesses sufficient strength while minimizing its impact on the internal space of the battery pack. The first securing rod 601 is positioned at the top 5a of the battery cell, with each rod spanning multiple battery cells 5. The ends of the first securing rods 601 are fixedly connected to the side surface 1c of the main housing using screws or welding. In this manner, the first securing rods 601 securely fasten multiple battery cells 5 together, preventing displacement of the battery cells 5 within the battery pack during transportation, handling, or installation.

[0067] As a preferred method, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment 2, a single first fixing rod 601 is arranged along the width direction of the main housing 1, with the length direction of the battery pack as the transverse direction and the width direction of the battery pack as the longitudinal direction. When the battery pack has multiple rows of cell units, each first fixing rod 601 will span all cell units. Each row of cell units includes multiple transversely closely arranged cells 5. Then, the top 5a of each cell in a single row of cell units is directly opposite a first fixing rod 601. For example, if a battery pack has cells 5 distributed in a 3×6 matrix, it includes 3 rows of cell units, and each row of cell units includes 6 cells 5. Then, 6 first fixing rods 601 can be arranged, with each first fixing rod 601 corresponding to a column of cells 5, which can achieve the restriction of the cells 5. In addition, since the top 5a of the battery cell is equipped with an explosion-proof valve, in order to avoid the explosion-proof valve being affected when the first fixing rod 601 fixes the battery cell 5, a first through hole 6011 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell 5 can be provided at the bottom of the first fixing rod 601. When the battery cell 5 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve corresponding to the battery cell 5 will break open, and the high pressure inside the battery cell 5 can be quickly released through the first through hole 6011 to avoid the battery pack internal pressure from being too high and causing more serious safety accidents.

[0068] Furthermore, such as Figure 8As shown, in this embodiment 2, at least one cable through-hole 6012 or cable tie connection hole 6013 is provided on the side surface of the first fixing rod 601. The cable through-hole 6012 is used to bind the cables inside the battery pack, and the cable tie connection hole 6013 is used to provide a fixed position for the cable ties. In addition, the cable through-hole 6012 or cable tie connection hole 6013 can also serve as a flow channel for the medium, which can reduce the obstruction of the medium by the first fixing rod 601, allowing the medium to flow more smoothly and ensuring stable heat exchange between the stable medium and the battery cell 5.

[0069] It should be noted that in this embodiment 2, a voltage acquisition device is provided at the tab or busbar position on the top 5a of each cell, and a temperature sensor is provided on the top 5a or side of each cell. The voltage acquisition device and the temperature sensor are connected to the battery management system 9 of the battery pack via connecting cables. To ensure that the connecting cables are arranged neatly and orderly and to reduce the tangling of cables, the connecting cables can be bound to the cable through hole 6012 of the first fixing rod 601, or the connecting cables can be tied tightly with cable ties and fixed to the first fixing rod 601 through the cable tie connection hole 6013. This not only makes the cable layout neat and facilitates subsequent maintenance and management, but also prevents the cables from falling randomly and obstructing the medium flow channel 101, affecting the flow of the medium and the heat exchange effect. At the same time, the neat cable layout also helps to improve the internal safety of the battery pack and reduce the risk of failure caused by cable short circuits.

[0070] Example 3:

[0071] This embodiment 3 specifically discloses a battery pack, which includes a battery pack housing, a plurality of battery cells 5 located inside the battery pack housing, and a battery cell fixing mechanism for limiting the displacement of the battery cells 5. The battery pack housing adopts the same structure as in embodiment 1, and the battery pack housing forms an installation cavity for accommodating the battery cells 5 through a main housing 1 with an upper opening and an upper cover plate 2.

[0072] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment 3, the battery pack casing has two rows of battery cell units arranged at intervals. Each battery cell unit contains multiple battery cells 5, which are preferably connected in series. For example, in each row of battery cell units, the negative terminal of the previous battery cell 5 is connected in series with the positive terminal of the next battery cell 5 to form a single battery cell unit. Then, the negative terminal of the battery cell 5 at the end of the previous battery cell unit is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell 5 at the end of the next battery cell unit. Similarly, in this embodiment 3, the tabs of the battery cells 5 in the two rows of battery cell units are arranged in opposite directions. In this way, the battery cells 5 can be connected in series to form a battery cell group. This method is suitable for scenarios with high voltage requirements and relatively stable current requirements.

[0073] like Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment 3, the air inlet 102 also adopts a hole array structure formed by multiple through holes. To further increase the air intake, an air inlet 102 is provided on the side surface 1c of the main housing. It should be noted that the through holes of the air inlet 102 in this embodiment 3 can be one or more of the following: strip holes, polygonal holes, or round holes. In this embodiment 3, the air outlet 103 is still arranged on the front surface 1a of the main housing, and the air outlet 103 preferably adopts a single round hole structure. A fan 4 is fixedly connected at the position of the air outlet 103, and the air outlet direction of the fan 4 is towards the outside of the battery pack.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment 3, the battery pack uses two rows of battery cells arranged at intervals, and there is a gap between the side surface 1c of the main housing of the battery pack and the battery cells. The medium flow channel 101 is mainly arranged at the gap between the main housing 1 and the side 5c of the battery cells, as well as at the gap between adjacent battery cells. When the battery cell 5 is working, the side 5c of the battery cell generates a lot of heat. The medium flow channel 101 arranged at this location allows the medium to fully contact these heat-generating areas, effectively absorbing heat, improving heat exchange efficiency, and thus better suppressing the temperature rise of the battery cell 5, ensuring that the battery pack operates stably within a suitable temperature range. After exchanging heat with the battery cell 5, the medium in the medium flow channel 101 is discharged from the battery pack through the air outlet 103 under the drive of the fan 4. Due to the pressure difference inside and outside the medium flow channel 101, external air is replenished into the medium flow channel 101 from the air inlets 102 on both sides of the main housing 1, forming a good air circulation.

[0075] Combination Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment 3, the cell fixing mechanism includes a second fixing rod 701, an end limiting plate 702, and a top limiting plate 703. Two second fixing rods 701 are spaced apart at the bottom 1d of the main housing, and preferably, the second fixing rods 701 are fixed to the bottom 1d of the main housing by welding. Two rows of cell units are respectively arranged between the two second fixing rods 701, and the two second fixing rods 701 can restrict the horizontal movement of the two rows of cell units within the main housing 1.

[0076] Furthermore, such as Figure 9As shown, in this embodiment 3, end limiting plates 702 are arranged at both ends of each cell unit. The end limiting plates 702 are located directly above the second fixing rod 701 on the same side, and each end limiting plate 702 has at least two longitudinal through holes 7021 with connecting bolts. By connecting the ends of the connecting bolts passing through the longitudinal through holes 7021 to the corresponding second fixing rod 701, the end limiting plate 702 can be fixed to the second fixing rod 701. At the top position of each row of cell units, a top limiting plate 703 is provided. The length of the top limiting plate 703 is the same as the length of the cell unit, and the ends of the top limiting plate 703 are respectively connected to the top of the corresponding end limiting plate 702. The top limiting plate 703 and the end limiting plate 702 form a semi-open limiting frame. The limiting frame clamps the cell unit and presses the cell unit relative to the bottom of the main housing 1, thereby making the battery pack stably fixed in the main housing 1. It should be noted that when the top limiting plate 703 end and the end limiting plate 702 are connected in this embodiment 3, a fixed connection method can be used, such as bolts or snap-fit, or a non-fixed connection can be used, such as direct overlap. When the upper cover plate 2 is fastened, the top limiting plate 703 can be directly pressed down on the top 5a of the battery cell through the upper cover plate 2, and the displacement of the battery cell 5 can also be restricted.

[0077] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 9 and 10 As shown, in this embodiment 3, the top limiting plate 703 is provided with second through holes 7031 corresponding to the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells 5. The top limiting plate 703 is also provided with busbar connection holes 7032 at the positions corresponding to the tabs of the battery cells 5. Through the busbar connection holes 7032, the tabs of adjacent battery cells 5 can be connected using a busbar, enabling series or parallel connection of the battery cells. Furthermore, a flexible circuit board 704 is provided in the middle of the top limiting plate 703. This flexible circuit board 704 has multiple acquisition positions 7041 extending to the top 5a of the battery cells. Each acquisition position 7041 is equipped with different types of sensors, such as voltage sensors and temperature sensors, to collect data from the battery cells 5, such as voltage and temperature data, for centralized transmission to the battery management system 9 inside the battery pack, facilitating subsequent battery maintenance and management.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 6As shown in this embodiment 3, a fire suppression unit is configured inside the battery pack casing. This fire suppression unit can extinguish battery cells 5 in a thermal runaway state. Specifically, the fire suppression device preferably adopts an aerosol fire suppression device 8. The aerosol fire suppression device 8 can be fixed to the side surface of the battery pack, and the aerosol fire suppression device 8 is equipped with a trigger wire. When arranged in the battery pack, the trigger wire can wrap around all or part of the side portion 5c of the battery cells inside the battery pack casing. Once a battery cell 5 experiences thermal runaway, the trigger wire will quickly trigger the aerosol fire suppression device 8 when it senses abnormal high temperature or flame. The aerosol fire suppression device 8 releases a large amount of highly efficient fire-extinguishing aerosol in a very short time. This aerosol can quickly diffuse inside the battery pack, covering all battery cells 5 and areas that may cause the fire to spread. Through multiple mechanisms such as chemical inhibition, physical cooling, and oxygen isolation, the aerosol can quickly and effectively extinguish the initial fire and prevent the fire from reigniting, thereby minimizing the damage caused to the battery pack by the thermal runaway event and ensuring the safety of the battery pack and the surrounding environment.

[0079] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized by, The battery pack comprises a battery pack shell, a plurality of battery cells inside the battery pack shell, and a battery cell fixing mechanism for limiting displacement of the battery cells; The battery pack shell comprises an upper open main shell and an upper cover plate, the upper cover plate is installed on the opening of the main shell, and an installation cavity accommodating the battery cells is formed between the upper cover plate and the main shell; A plurality of battery cells arranged in the installation cavity are connected in series and / or in parallel; The main shell is provided with at least one air inlet, an air outlet, and a medium flow channel, the air inlet adopts a hole array structure formed by a plurality of through holes, and the air inlet is arranged on the rear surface and / or the side surface of the main shell; the medium flow channel is communicated with the air inlet, the medium outside the battery pack is introduced into the medium flow channel through the air inlet; the air outlet adopts a single round hole structure, the air outlet is arranged on the front surface of the main shell, the medium flow channel is communicated with the air outlet, and the air outlet is provided with a fan, the medium in the medium flow channel is driven to flow to the outside of the battery pack shell through the air outlet by the fan; The medium flow channel is distributed at least one of the gap position between the upper cover plate and the top of the battery cell, the gap position between the main shell and the side of the battery cell, and the gap position between adjacent battery cells; The battery cell fixing mechanism comprises one or more first fixing rods, or the battery cell fixing mechanism comprises a second fixing rod, an end limiting plate, and a top limiting plate.

2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, A plurality of battery cells arranged in a single row form a single battery cell unit, two or more battery cell units are arranged in a staggered or side-by-side manner, the battery cells in each battery cell unit are connected in series and / or in parallel, and the battery cells at the head and tail positions between adjacent battery cell units are connected in series and / or in parallel.

3. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, A front panel is arranged at the front position of the main shell, and a battery management system is fixedly installed on the front panel.

4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, A fire extinguishing unit is arranged inside the battery pack shell, and the fire extinguishing unit is used for fire extinguishing treatment of the battery cells in a thermal runaway state.

5. The battery pack of claim 4, wherein, The fire extinguishing unit comprises an aerosol fire extinguishing device provided with a trigger line, and the trigger line surrounds all or part of the battery cells in the battery pack shell.

6. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The first fixing rod has a flat-bottomed U-shaped cross section, the first fixing rod is arranged at the top of the battery cell, and each first fixing rod spans a plurality of battery cells, and the end of the first fixing rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the main shell.

7. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein, The bottom of the first fixing rod is provided with a first via hole corresponding to the battery cell explosion-proof valve; the side surface of the first fixing rod is provided with at least one cable through hole and / or a cable tie connecting hole, the cable through hole is used for binding the cable inside the battery pack, and the cable tie connecting hole is used for providing a fixing position for the cable tie.

8. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, Two second fixing rods are arranged at the bottom of the main shell; a plurality of battery cells form a battery cell unit side by side, and the battery cell unit is distributed between the two second fixing rods; Two ends of each of the battery cell units are respectively arranged with the end limiting plates, the end limiting plates are located directly above the second fixing rods on the same side, and at least two longitudinal through holes provided with connecting bolts are arranged on each of the end limiting plates, and the connecting bolts are connected to the corresponding second fixing rods at the ends; The top limiting plate is located at the top of the battery cell unit, the end of the top limiting plate is fixedly connected with the top of the end limiting plate, the top limiting plate and the end limiting plate form a semi-open limiting frame, and the battery cell unit is limited in the main shell through the limiting frame.

9. The battery pack of claim 8, wherein, The top limiting plate is provided with a second via hole corresponding to the battery explosion-proof valve, and a flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle of the top limiting plate, and the flexible circuit board is used for collecting data of the battery cell.

10. An energy storage cabinet characterized by, The energy storage cabinet is provided with the battery pack according to any one of claims 1-9.

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