Automatic folding antenna with reconfigurable frequency
By using temperature/humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks to drive the dielectric substrate and metal patch to automatically fold, the problem that traditional antennas cannot meet the requirements of multiple frequency bands is solved, realizing automatic frequency reconfiguration and environmental awareness functions, and reducing the complexity and cost of the equipment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
Traditional fixed-frequency antennas are difficult to meet the needs of multi-band applications, increasing the complexity and cost of equipment. They also cannot dynamically respond to environmental changes and cannot meet the requirements of modern communication systems for high gain, low power consumption, and miniaturization.
A temperature/humidity sensitive hydrogel block is used to drive the dielectric substrate and metal patch to automatically fold along the crease, thereby achieving automatic frequency reconstruction and automatically switching frequency bands based on temperature or humidity changes.
It enables automatic switching of the antenna between the 5GHz and 11GHz frequency bands, reduces structural complexity and cost, and has adaptive frequency band reconfiguration function, making it suitable for wireless temperature/humidity sensing.
Smart Images
Figure CN224036626U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to a kind of frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antennas, belong to communication technical field. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, modern communication system has higher and higher performance requirements on antenna, including high gain, low power consumption, miniaturization and multi-band coverage etc. Traditional fixed frequency antenna is difficult to meet the growing demand for spectrum resources due to its single operating frequency band, and it is difficult to dynamically respond to environmental changes. Some systems need to use multiple antennas to cover different frequency bands, increasing the complexity and cost of the device. Frequency reconfigurable antenna can effectively solve some problems, improve system capacity, enhance performance and reduce interference.
[0003] With the rapid development of information technology and electronic equipment, people's demand for environmental perception, data acquisition and remote monitoring and control has grown rapidly, and more accurate perception and real-time transmission of key environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity are required. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT
[0004] The utility model aims at overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a kind of frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antennas, utilize the hydrogel that expansion or shrinkage with temperature / humidity changes, drive antenna along fold line automatic folding, realize frequency automatic reconfiguration, can be used for wireless signal transmission and temperature / humidity wireless sensing under special circumstances.
[0005] Technical scheme: To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
[0006] A kind of frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna, including dielectric substrate, metal patch one, metal radiating patch two, coaxial feed line and temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block, the fold line one passing through the center point of dielectric substrate surface is provided on the dielectric substrate, the fold line two passing through the center point of metal patch one surface is provided on the metal patch one, the metal patch one is set on the upper surface of dielectric substrate, and fold line one and fold line two correspond one to one;The fold line one divides dielectric substrate into 2n branch substrates, n indicates the number of fold line one, and n is the multiple of 4, the metal radiating patch two is set on the lower surface of each branch substrate;The coaxial feed line penetrates the center of dielectric substrate, and the coaxial feed line is connected with metal patch one and metal radiating patch two;The temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block is set on the metal patch one, and the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block is used to drive dielectric substrate, metal patch one and metal radiating patch two to fold along fold line one and fold line two respectively under the action of temperature / humidity.
[0007] Preferably, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block shrinks to a first limit position when the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block is at a first temperature / humidity value, the medium substrate, the metal patch one and the metal radiation patch two are respectively folded along the creases one, two to a first limit folding position one, two, three, at this time, the antenna frequency band is at a first frequency; the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block shrinks to a second limit position when the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block is at a second temperature / humidity value, the medium substrate, the metal patch one and the metal radiation patch two are respectively folded along the creases one, two to a second limit folding position one, two, three, at this time, the antenna frequency band is at a second frequency.
[0008] Preferably, the coaxial feeder comprises a coaxial metal solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder, the metal solid cylinder is sleeved in the hollow cylinder, and the solid cylinder penetrates the medium substrate and is connected with the metal radiation patch two, and the hollow cylinder is connected with the metal patch one on the surface of the medium substrate.
[0009] Preferably, the metal radiation patch two comprises a rectangular metal sheet one and a rectangular metal sheet two, the rectangular metal sheet one and the rectangular metal sheet two are arranged on the lower surface of each branch substrate, one end of the rectangular metal sheet two is connected with the rectangular metal sheet one, and the other end is connected with the solid cylinder in the coaxial feeder.
[0010] Preferably, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks are arranged on the creases, and two temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks are arranged on the same crease, and the two temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks on the same crease are symmetrical about the center point of the surface of the medium substrate.
[0011] Preferably, the coaxial feeder coincides with the vertical line where the center point of the medium substrate is located.
[0012] Preferably, the medium substrate and the metal radiation patch two are axially symmetrical along the crease one, and the metal patch one is axially symmetrical along the crease two.
[0013] Preferably, the medium substrate is a polyimide circular thin plate, and the metal patch one is a circular copper sheet.
[0014] Preferably, the medium substrate has a radius of 50-54mm, a thickness of 0.2-0.4mm, and a small hole with a diameter of 1.6-2.0mm in the center.
[0015] Preferably, the metal patch one has a radius of 50-54mm, a thickness of 0.01-0.03mm, and a small hole with a diameter of 5.5-6.5mm in the center.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] The utility model discloses a temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block is folded to the antenna, and the form (unfolding or folding) of antenna is automatically changed, realizes the switching of working frequency in 5GHz and 11GHz frequency band, and the antenna utilizes environmental temperature or humidity change and automatically reconfigures frequency band, reduces the complexity of structure, cost, volume, has the automatic frequency band reconfiguration function of self -adaptation.
[0018] The utility model discloses a temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block is folded to the antenna, and the form (unfolding or folding) of antenna is automatically changed, realizes the switching of working frequency in 5GHz and 11GHz frequency band, and the antenna utilizes environmental temperature or humidity change and automatically reconfigures frequency band, reduces the complexity of structure, cost, volume, has the automatic frequency band reconfiguration function of self -adaptation.
[0019] The utility model discloses simple structure, environmental self -adaptation, application nimble, multi -functional, small, low in cost. ACCOUT OF DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is the overall view of the folding state of a frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna of the utility model. Among them, the included angle of the four creases close to the antenna central axis and the plane perpendicular to the antenna axis is about 45 °.
[0021] Figure 2 It is the plan view and the bottom view in Figure 1 , wherein Figure 2 , figure (a) is the plan view, Figure 2 , figure (b) is the bottom view.
[0022] Figure 3 It is the plan view and the bottom view when the other frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna of the utility model is in the unfolded state, Figure 3 , figure (a) is the plan view, Figure 3 , figure (b) is the bottom view.
[0023] Figure 4 It is the S11 curve diagram of the antenna when the theta angle (the included angle of the crease close to the antenna central axis and the plane perpendicular to the antenna central axis when folding) is equal to 0 degree (namely completely unfolded state) in a frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna of the utility model.
[0024] Figure 5 It is the S11 curve diagram of the antenna when the folding angle theta is equal to 15 °, 30 ° and 45 ° in a frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna of the utility model.
[0025] Figure 6 It is the two-dimensional gain direction diagram of the plane that passes through the central axis and contains the maximum gain position when the frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna of the utility model is in different folding states. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The utility model is further illustrated below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the utility model and are not used to limit the scope of the utility model. After reading the utility model, those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications of the utility model, which all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present application.
[0027] A frequency reconfigurable automatic folding antenna, as shown in Figure 1 、 2 , comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a metal patch one 2, a metal radiation patch two 3, a coaxial feeder 4 and a temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5, as shown in Figure 1 , the dielectric substrate 1 is a polyimide petal-shaped sheet; the metal patch one 2 is a petal-shaped copper sheet. In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 , the dielectric substrate 1 is a polyimide circular sheet; the metal patch one 2 is a circular copper sheet. The radius of the dielectric substrate 1 is 50-54 mm, the thickness is 0.2-0.4 mm, and there is a small hole with a diameter of 1.6-2.0 mm in the center. The radius of the metal patch one 2 is 50-54 mm, the thickness is 0.01-0.03 mm, and there is a small hole with a diameter of 5.5-6.5 mm in the center. In this embodiment, a crease one passing through the center point of the surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, a crease two passing through the center point of the surface of the metal patch one 2 is arranged on the metal patch one 2, the metal patch one 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the crease one and the crease two correspond to each other in one-to-one correspondence; the crease one divides the dielectric substrate 1 into 2n branch substrates, n represents the number of creases one, and n is a multiple of 4, as shown in Figure 2 , n is 4, and the crease one forms a rice-shaped pattern. The included angle between two adjacent creases is 45 degrees, the creases and the radiation patch branches are staggered in the horizontal direction, the included angle between each crease and the adjacent two radiation patch branches and the included angle between each radiation patch branch and the adjacent two creases is 2.5 degrees. In another embodiment, n is 8. The dielectric substrate 1 and the metal radiation patch two 3 are axisymmetric along the crease one, and the metal patch one 2 is axisymmetric along the crease two.
[0028] In the embodiment, the medium substrate is a polyimide circular thin plate with a radius of 52 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm, having a small hole with a diameter of 1.8 mm in the center and a relative dielectric constant of 3.0. The metal patch 2 is a circular copper sheet with a radius of 52 mm, having a small hole with a diameter of 6 mm in the center and a thickness of 0.002 mm. The metal radiation patch is composed of 8 branches, each branch being composed of a rectangle with a length of 32 mm and a width of 2 mm and a rectangle with a length of 16 mm and a width of 20 mm, the straight lines of the two wide edges of the two rectangles and the midpoint positions of the two rectangles being coincident, the midpoint position of the other edge of the rectangle with a length of 32 mm being coincident with the point on the medium substrate opposite to the center point of the metal patch 2, and the angle between adjacent branches being 45 degrees. The coaxial feeder has an inner diameter of 1.8 mm and an outer diameter of 6 mm, and the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel is approximately a hemisphere with a diameter of 18 mm in the antenna unfolded state, and the volume changes with the change of temperature / humidity.
[0029] The metal radiation patch 3 is arranged on the lower surface of each branch substrate, and the metal radiation patch 3 includes a rectangular metal sheet 1 and a rectangular metal sheet 2, the rectangular metal sheet 1 and the rectangular metal sheet 2 being arranged on the lower surface of each branch substrate, and one end of the rectangular metal sheet 2 being connected with the rectangular metal sheet 1 and the other end being connected with the solid cylinder in the coaxial feeder 4.
[0030] The coaxial feeder 4 penetrates the center of the medium substrate 1, and the coaxial feeder 4 is connected with the metal patch 2 and the metal radiation patch 3, the coaxial feeder 4 including a coaxial metal solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder, the metal solid cylinder being sleeved in the hollow cylinder, the solid cylinder penetrating the medium substrate 1 and being connected with the metal radiation patch 3, and the hollow cylinder being connected with the metal patch 2 on the surface of the medium substrate 1. The coaxial feeder 4 is coincident with the vertical line passing through the center point of the medium substrate 1.
[0031] The temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 is arranged on the metal patch 2, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 being spaced apart on the arranged creases, and two temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks 5 being arranged on the same crease and being symmetrical about the center point of the surface of the medium substrate 1. The temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel is spaced apart and pasted on the 4 creases of the metal patch 2, and in the fully unfolded state of the antenna, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel is approximately a hemisphere with a diameter of 18 mm, the center of the hemisphere being coincident with the point 27 mm away from the center of the metal patch 2, and the volume changing with the change of temperature / humidity, thereby driving the antenna to fold along the creases to different degrees. When the antenna is folded, one crease is folded inward, and the adjacent two creases are folded outward.
[0032] The temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 is used to drive the medium substrate 1, the metal patch one 2 and the metal radiation patch two 3 to fold along the creases one and two respectively under the action of temperature / humidity.
[0033] When the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 is at the first temperature / humidity value, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 shrinks to the first limit position, and the medium substrate 1, the metal patch one 2 and the metal radiation patch two 3 are folded to the first limit folding position one, the first limit folding position two and the first limit folding position three along the creases one and two respectively, at this time, the antenna frequency band is at the first frequency; when the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 is at the second temperature / humidity value, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block 5 shrinks to the second limit position, and the medium substrate 1, the metal patch one 2 and the metal radiation patch two 3 are folded to the second limit folding position one, the second limit folding position two and the second limit folding position three along the creases one and two respectively, at this time, the antenna frequency band is at the second frequency.
[0034] When the temperature / humidity changes cause the volume of the hydrogel to shrink compared with the antenna unfolded state, the antenna is automatically folded along the creases. Among them, the crease pasted with the hydrogel has a larger angle with the center axis of the antenna than the crease not pasted with the hydrogel.
[0035] Suppose the angle between the crease close to the center axis of the antenna and the plane perpendicular to the center axis of the antenna is theta, the utility model mainly studies four different folding states of the antenna: theta is 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°.
[0036] As Figure 4 The S11 curve graph of the antenna when theta is 0°, Figure 5 The S11 curve graph of the antenna when theta is 15°, 30° and 45°; Figure 6 (From left to right, from top to bottom) The two-dimensional gain pattern of the plane containing the maximum gain position and passing through the center axis of the antenna when theta is 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°. Suppose the straight line where the center axis of the antenna is located is the vertical direction, the gain of the antenna in the horizontal direction in each state is approximately a central symmetric pattern, and each plane has the maximum horizontal gain in the direction corresponding to the metal radiation patch. The angle between the line connecting the maximum gain position and the center point of the antenna in the unfolded state and the vertical direction is theta1.
[0037] Figures 4-6 The working frequency band, bandwidth, minimum return loss, two-dimensional gain pattern and maximum gain of the antenna in each state are shown in Table 1.
[0038] Comparison of each characteristic parameter
[0039] theta angle 0° 15° 30° 45° operating band (GHz) 5.438～5.458 11.27～11.267 11.266～11.296 11.323～11.341 bandwidth (GHz) 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.018 minimum return loss (dB) -18.78 -20.48 -15.02 -14.88 maximum gain (dB) 9.93 7.68 7.2 8.42 theta1 (degrees) 158 134 128 164
[0040] From table 1, it can be seen that the working frequency of the antenna in the unfolded state is about 5.4GHz, the working frequency of the antenna when the theta angle is in the range of 15°-45° is about 11.3GHz, and the working frequency slightly increases with the increase of the theta angle; the gain pattern of the antenna as a whole has no significant difference when the antenna is folded to different degrees, and the maximum gain of the antenna in each state is in the range of 7-10dB.
[0041] When the temperature / humidity exceeds or is lower than the preset value, the hydrogel expands or shrinks, so that the antenna is automatically folded or unfolded, the frequency band is changed, and the change of the antenna frequency band can feed back the change of the environment temperature / humidity in real time.
[0042] By the expansion or shrinkage of the hydrogel with the change of the temperature or humidity, the antenna is automatically folded along the folding line, so that the working frequency of the antenna is switched between the 5GHz and 11GHz frequency bands, and the antenna frequency is automatically reconfigured. The utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation and flexible application. The antenna can also be used as a temperature or humidity sensor.
[0043] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and it should be pointed out that: for ordinary skilled person in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna, characterized in that: The device includes a dielectric substrate (1), a first metal patch (2), a second metal radiating patch (3), a coaxial feed line (4), and a temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5). The dielectric substrate (1) has a crease passing through the center point of its surface. The first metal patch (2) has a crease passing through the center point of its surface. The first metal patch (2) is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and creases one and two correspond one-to-one. Crease one divides the dielectric substrate (1) into 2n branch substrates, where n represents the length of crease one. The number of strips, and n is a multiple of 4, the second metal radiation patch (3) is disposed on the lower surface of each branch substrate; the coaxial feed line (4) passes through the center of the dielectric substrate (1), and the coaxial feed line (4) is connected to the first metal patch (2) and the second metal radiation patch (3); the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5) is disposed on the first metal patch (2), and the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5) is used to drive the dielectric substrate (1), the first metal patch (2) and the second metal radiation patch (3) to fold along fold one and fold two respectively under the action of temperature / humidity.
2. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5) is at the first temperature / humidity value, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5) shrinks to the first limit position, and the dielectric substrate (1), metal patch one (2), and metal radiating patch two (3) are folded along crease one and crease two to the first limit folding position one, the first limit folding position two, and the first limit folding position three, respectively. At this time, the antenna frequency band is at the first frequency. When the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5) is at the second temperature / humidity value, the temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel block (5) shrinks to the second limit position, and the dielectric substrate (1), metal patch one (2), and metal radiating patch two (3) are folded along crease one and crease two to the second limit folding position one, the second limit folding position two, and the second limit folding position three, respectively. At this time, the antenna frequency band is at the second frequency.
3. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coaxial feed line (4) includes a coaxial solid metal cylinder and a hollow cylinder. The solid metal cylinder is fitted inside the hollow cylinder, and the solid cylinder penetrates the dielectric substrate (1) and is connected to the second metal radiation patch (3). The hollow cylinder is connected to the first metal patch (2) on the surface of the dielectric substrate (1).
4. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second metal radiation patch (3) includes a rectangular metal sheet one and a rectangular metal sheet two. The rectangular metal sheet one and the rectangular metal sheet two are disposed on the lower surface of each branch substrate, and one end of the rectangular metal sheet two is connected to the rectangular metal sheet one, and the other end is connected to the solid cylinder in the coaxial feed line (4).
5. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks (5) are spaced apart on the creases, and two temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks (5) are provided on the same crease. The two temperature / humidity sensitive hydrogel blocks (5) on the same crease are symmetrical about the center point of the surface of the dielectric substrate (1).
6. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coaxial feed line (4) coincides with the vertical line where the center point of the dielectric substrate (1) is located.
7. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (1) and the second metal radiation patch (3) are symmetrical along the first fold axis, and the first metal patch (2) is symmetrical along the second fold axis.
8. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (1) is a polyimide circular thin plate; the metal patch (2) is a circular copper sheet.
9. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (1) has a radius of 50-54 mm, a thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm, and a small hole with a diameter of 1.6-2.0 mm in the center.
10. The frequency-reconfigurable autofolding antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The metal patch (2) has a radius of 50-54 mm, a thickness of 0.01-0.03 mm, and a small hole with a diameter of 5.5-6.5 mm in the center.