Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna and electronic equipment. The antenna includes a waveguide structure and a radiation structure disposed on a radiation surface side of the waveguide structure. The waveguide structure comprises a dielectric substrate which is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate; the dielectric substrate comprises a first accommodating part which is at least partially penetrated along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate, and the first accommodating part at least comprises a first opening positioned on the first surface; the reflecting layer is arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; the transmission assembly is arranged in the first accommodating part; the radiation structure is located on one side of the transmission assembly deviating from the reflection structure; the transmission assembly is configured to excite the radiation structure to emit cylindrical waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of radio frequency technology, specifically relating to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] The feeding method of a holographic antenna is a crucial factor in achieving its performance specifications. In two-dimensional holographic antennas, cylindrical waves are typically used to excite a large number of elements. Traditional radial antennas usually use monopole antennas as their cylindrical wave feed source, which often requires special structural design to achieve impedance matching, making the structure of the holographic antenna complex. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides an antenna comprising a waveguide structure and a radiating structure disposed on the radiating surface side of the waveguide structure; wherein, the waveguide structure comprises:

[0004] A dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the dielectric substrate includes a first receiving portion that at least partially extends through it along its thickness direction, the first receiving portion including at least a first opening located on the first surface.

[0005] A reflective layer is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate;

[0006] A transmission component is disposed within the first accommodating portion; the radiating structure is located on the side of the transmission component opposite to the reflecting structure; the transmission component is configured to excite the radiating structure to emit cylindrical waves.

[0007] In some examples, the plane containing the transmission component is orthogonal to the plane containing the second surface; the transmission component includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a transmission layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein,

[0008] The transmission layer has a first groove extending through its thickness direction; the first groove divides the transmission layer into separately disposed signal electrodes and reference electrodes; the signal electrodes are located within the area defined by the first groove; the reference electrodes surround the first groove.

[0009] In some examples, the signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to the end of the first sub-signal electrode near the radiating structure, and the first sub-signal electrode and the second sub-signal electrode have different extending directions;

[0010] The transmission layer further includes a second groove and a third groove disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the second groove and the third groove are both open-loop structures, and the opening of the open-loop structure faces the radiation structure.

[0011] In some examples, the open-loop structure includes a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove disposed opposite each other, a third sub-groove connecting the first sub-groove and the second sub-groove, and a fourth sub-groove and a fifth sub-groove defining the opening of the open-loop structure;

[0012] Both the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot extend in the same direction as the first sub-signal electrode, and the first sub-slot is closer to the first sub-signal electrode than the second sub-slot; the fourth sub-slot is connected to the first sub-slot, and the fifth sub-slot is connected to the second sub-slot.

[0013] In some examples, the length of the first sub-slot is less than the length of the second sub-slot.

[0014] In some examples, the transmission layer further includes a fourth groove disposed on the side of the second sub-signal electrode opposite to the first sub-signal electrode and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the extension direction of the fourth groove is the same as the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode.

[0015] In some examples, the transmission layer further includes at least one fifth groove disposed on one side of the fourth groove along its extension direction and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the extension direction of the fifth groove is the same as the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode.

[0016] In some examples, the number of fifth grooves is one, and the fifth groove is an annular groove.

[0017] In some examples, the first slot includes a sixth sub-slot and a seventh sub-slot respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode;

[0018] Both the sixth sub-slot and the seventh sub-slot include a main body and a plurality of branch portions connected in the extending direction of the main body and close to the side of the first sub-signal electrode.

[0019] In some examples, at least some of the multiple branches have unequal lengths and / or widths.

[0020] In some examples, the plane containing the transmission component is orthogonal to the plane containing the second surface; the transmission component includes two stacked substrates, a reference electrode layer disposed between the two substrates, and two transmission layers disposed on the side of the two substrates opposite to the reference electrode layer; wherein,

[0021] The transmission layer has a first groove extending through its thickness direction; the first groove divides the transmission layer into separately disposed signal electrodes and auxiliary electrodes; the signal electrodes are located within the area defined by the first groove; the auxiliary electrodes surround the first groove.

[0022] In some examples, the signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to the end of the first sub-signal electrode near the radiating structure, and the first sub-signal electrode and the second sub-signal electrode have different extending directions.

[0023] The transmission layer further includes a second groove and a third groove disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the second groove and the third groove are both open-loop structures, and the opening of the open-loop structure faces the radiation structure.

[0024] In some examples, the open-loop structure includes a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove disposed opposite each other, a third sub-groove connecting the first sub-groove and the second sub-groove, and a fourth sub-groove and a fifth sub-groove defining the opening of the open-loop structure;

[0025] Both the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot extend in the same direction as the first sub-signal electrode, and the first sub-slot is closer to the first sub-signal electrode than the second sub-slot; the fourth sub-slot is connected to the first sub-slot, and the fifth sub-slot is connected to the second sub-slot.

[0026] In some examples, the lengths of the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot are equal.

[0027] In some examples, the orthographic projections of the two transport layers onto the first substrate completely overlap.

[0028] In some examples, the first slot includes a sixth sub-slot and a seventh sub-slot respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode;

[0029] Both the sixth sub-slot and the seventh sub-slot include a main body and multiple branch portions connected in the extending direction of the main body and on the side opposite to the first sub-signal electrode.

[0030] In some examples, the widths of the various branches are equal, but their lengths are unequal.

[0031] In some examples, at least one of the two transmission sections further includes a fourth slot; the fourth slot is disposed on the side of the second slot away from the second sub-signal electrode, or the fourth slot is disposed on the side of the third slot away from the second sub-signal electrode; the extension direction of the fourth slot is the same as the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode.

[0032] In some examples, the antenna further includes a feeding structure; the feeding structure is connected to the transmission component through a first via penetrating the reflective layer and the dielectric substrate.

[0033] In some examples, the orthographic projection of the first receiving portion onto the dielectric substrate is rectangular or circular.

[0034] This disclosure also provides an electronic device including the antenna described in the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of a radiation layer provided in this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of a portion of the middle radiative layer.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a top view of a transmission component provided in this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of a transport layer structure provided in this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sixth sub-slot provided in this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a front view schematic diagram of another transport layer structure provided in this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a front view schematic diagram of another transport layer structure provided in this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 10 The diagram shows the S11 simulation results of the antenna in the first example provided in this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 11A histogram of the antenna in the first example provided in this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 12 The simulation results of the antenna directivity coefficient are shown in the first example provided in this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 13 The diagram shows the S11 simulation results of the antenna in the second example provided in this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 14 This is a top view of another transmission component provided in this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 15 This is a top view of another transmission component provided in this disclosure.

[0050] Figure 16 This is a front view schematic diagram of a transport layer structure provided in this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sixth sub-slot provided in this disclosure.

[0052] Figure 18 This is a front view schematic diagram of another transport layer structure provided in this disclosure.

[0053] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 20 Holographic distribution diagram of the antenna when the phase difference between the signals provided by the first feed unit and the second feed unit provided in this disclosure is 180°.

[0055] Figure 21 Holographic distribution of the antenna when the phase difference between the signals provided by the first feed unit and the second feed unit provided in this disclosure is 0°. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. "Above," "below," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0058] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. Thus, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0059] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide an antenna. Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided in this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 1The antenna includes a waveguide structure 1 and a radiating structure 2 disposed on the radiating surface side of the waveguide structure 1. The waveguide structure 1 includes a dielectric substrate 11, a reflective layer 12, and a transmission component 13. The dielectric substrate 11 has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other, and the radiating structure 2 is disposed on the first surface side. The dielectric substrate 11 also includes a first receiving portion that at least partially penetrates through it along its thickness direction, and the first receiving portion includes at least a first opening located on the first surface. That is, the first receiving portion is disposed on the first surface side of the dielectric substrate 11 and partially or completely penetrates through the dielectric substrate 11 along its thickness direction. The first receiving portion is a cavity structure, and the first opening on the first surface is the opening of the cavity structure. The transmission component 13 is disposed within the first receiving portion. The reflective layer 12 is disposed on the second surface side of the dielectric substrate 11.

[0060] The dielectric substrate 11 supports the entire antenna, ensuring its physical stability and mechanical strength. Simultaneously, the dielectric substrate 11 also transmits electromagnetic waves; its dielectric constant and thickness determine the transmission speed of the electromagnetic waves, as well as the antenna's resonant frequency and radiation efficiency. The transmission component 13 excites the initial cylindrical wave of the radiating structure 2. The reflecting structure serves as the antenna's reflector and reference ground, ensuring that the signal is output from the radiating surface of the waveguide structure 1, thereby improving signal radiation efficiency.

[0061] In some examples, the distance d2 between the surface of the transmission component 13 closest to the radiating structure 2 and the radiating structure 2 is smaller than the distance d1 between the first surface and the radiating structure 2. The two distances d1 and d2 are achieved through the insulating support structure 3. That is, a portion of the transmission component 13 is disposed within the first receiving portion, and another portion extends beyond the first surface. This arrangement shortens the signal transmission path, reduces signal loss during transmission, and improves signal transmission efficiency.

[0062] Continue to refer to Figure 1 The radiating structure 2 includes a first support layer 21 and a second support layer 23 stacked together, and a radiating layer 22 disposed between the first support layer 21 and the second support layer 23. The first support layer 21 and the second support layer 23 are made of materials that are hard and lightweight, such as glass or plastic, while the radiating layer 22 is made of conductive materials such as copper or gold. The radiating layer 22 has multiple slit openings 220, which are used to radiate the signal transmitted by the transmission component 13 to the outside in the form of cylindrical waves.

[0063] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of a radiation layer provided in this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 2The radiating layer 22 is divided into a central cross-shaped non-radiating region and four fan-shaped radiating regions, with slit openings 220 located within the fan-shaped radiating regions. The non-radiating region helps control the antenna's radiation pattern, optimizes the main lobe and sidelobe characteristics, meets specific application requirements, and allows the antenna energy to be radiated more concentratedly, improving radiation efficiency.

[0064] Specifically, multiple slit openings 20 in the radiation layer 22 are arranged in nested groups, with each group's slit openings 20 spaced out in four radiation zones. The center line connecting the centers of each group of slit openings 20 forms a circle, and the center lines of multiple groups of slit openings are arranged to form a set of concentric circles, with the center of the concentric circles being O. It should be noted that the width of the slit opening 20 is very narrow, and the center of the slit opening 20 refers to the center of the slit opening 20 along its length.

[0065] Furthermore, each group of slit openings 20 can be divided into multiple alternating first slit openings 221 and multiple second slit openings 222, with each first slit opening 221 and each second slit opening 222 spaced apart circumferentially and not overlapping. That is, there is a second slit opening between two adjacent first slit openings 221, and a first slit opening between two adjacent second slit openings 222.

[0066] Specifically, the first slit opening 221 and the second slit opening 222, which are located in the same group and are adjacent to each other, are symmetrically arranged about a straight line passing through the center of the concentric circles as an axis of symmetry. (Refer to...) Figure 3 In the figure, the angle between the length direction of the first slit opening 221 and the tangent of the circle at the center of the first slit opening 221 is α1, which is 45° for example. Correspondingly, the angle between the opening direction of the second slit opening 222 adjacent to the first slit opening 221 and the tangent of the circle at the center of the second slit opening 222 is α2, which is also 45°. Of course, the angle α1 can also take other angle values, such as 30° or 60°, depending on the frequency band of the antenna.

[0067] The specific structures of the radiating structure 2, dielectric substrate 11, and reflective layer 12 in the antenna have been described above. The transmission component 13 in the antenna of this disclosure will now be described in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the radiating structure 2, dielectric substrate 11, and reflective layer 12 in the various embodiments described below all employ the same structure; therefore, the specific structures of these three components will not be described further in the specific embodiments.

[0068] It should also be noted that, in this embodiment, the plane where the transmission component 13 is located is orthogonal to the plane where the dielectric substrate 11 is located; that is, the transmission component 13 is vertically disposed in the first receiving portion, such as... Figure 1As shown. The orthographic projection of the first receiving portion onto the dielectric substrate 11 can be rectangular or circular. When the orthographic projection of the first receiving portion onto the dielectric substrate 11 is rectangular, the first receiving portion is essentially a cuboid cavity, and the transmission component 13 can be fixed within the cuboid cavity. When the orthographic projection of the first receiving portion onto the dielectric substrate 11 is circular, the first receiving portion is essentially a cylindrical cavity, and the transmission component 13 can mechanically rotate within the cylindrical cavity to meet the requirements of different polarization directions of the antenna.

[0069] First example: Figure 4 This is a top view of the transmission component of the first example provided in this disclosure. Figure 5 A front view schematic diagram of the transport layer structure of the first example provided in this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The transmission component 13 includes a first substrate 51 and a second substrate 52 stacked together, and a transmission layer 53 disposed between the first substrate 51 and the second substrate 52. The first substrate 51 and the second substrate 52 may include, for example, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or Teflon, and the transmission layer 53 may include, for example, a conductive metallic material such as gold, copper, or aluminum. The transmission layer 53 has a first trench SC1 extending through its thickness direction, which divides the transmission layer 53 into a separately disposed signal electrode 531 and a reference electrode 532. The signal electrode 531 is located within the area defined by the first trench SC1, and the reference electrode 532 surrounds the first trench SC1.

[0070] For details, please refer to... Figure 5 The signal electrode 531 includes a first sub-signal electrode 5311 and a second sub-signal electrode 5312 electrically connected. The first sub-signal electrode 5311 is closer to the reflective layer 12 than the second sub-signal electrode 5312. The first sub-signal electrode 5311 extends in the same direction as the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate 11, and the second sub-signal electrode 5312 extends perpendicular to the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 5311. The midpoint of the second sub-signal electrode 5312 is connected to one end of the first sub-signal electrode 5311. Figure 1 As shown, the first sub-signal electrode 5311 and the second sub-signal electrode 5312 are connected to form a T-shaped structure.

[0071] Continue to refer to Figure 5 The reference electrode 532 includes a second groove SC2 and a third groove SC3, respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode 5311 in the extending direction and extending through the transmission layer 53 in the thickness direction. The second groove SC2 and the third groove SC3 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode 5311. Both the second groove SC2 and the third groove SC3 are open-loop structures, and the openings of the open-loop structures face the radiation structure 2.

[0072] Taking the third groove SC3 as an example, continue to refer to Figure 5 The third slot SC3 includes a first sub-slot SC01 and a second sub-slot SC02 disposed opposite to each other, a third sub-slot SC03 connecting the first sub-slot SC01 and the second sub-slot SC02, and a fourth sub-slot SC04 and a fifth sub-slot SC05 forming an open-loop structure. The first and second sub-slots SC01 and SC02 extend in the same direction as the first sub-signal electrode 5311, and the length of the first sub-slot SC01 is less than the length of the second sub-slot SC02. The angle between the third sub-slot SC03 and the first sub-slot SC01 is obtuse, and the angle between the third sub-slot SC03 and the second sub-slot SC02 is acute. The fourth sub-slot SC04 is connected to the first sub-slot SC01, and the fifth sub-slot SC05 is connected to the second sub-slot SC02. The extending directions of the fourth and fifth sub-slots SC04 are the same as the extending direction of the second sub-signal electrode 5312. The fourth sub-slot SC04, the first sub-slot SC01, the third sub-slot SC03, the second sub-slot SC02 and the fifth sub-slot SC05 connected in sequence form a C-shaped slot. The C-shaped slot and the orthographic projection of the second sub-signal electrode 5312 on the dielectric substrate 11 overlap.

[0073] In addition to the second groove SC2 and the third groove SC3, the reference electrode 532 also includes a fourth groove SC4 disposed on the side of the second sub-signal electrode 5312 opposite to the first sub-signal electrode 5311, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fourth trench SC4 penetrates the transmission layer 53 along the thickness direction of the transmission layer 53. The fourth trench SC4 is a rectangular trench, and its extension direction is the same as the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode 5312. The orthographic projection of the fourth trench SC4 on the dielectric substrate 11 covers the orthographic projection of the second sub-signal electrode 5312 on the dielectric substrate 11.

[0074] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sixth sub-slot provided in this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 5 and Figure 6 The first slot SC1 separating the signal electrode and the reference electrode 532 includes a sixth sub-slot SC06 and a seventh sub-slot SC07 respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode 5311. The sixth sub-slot SC06 and the seventh sub-slot SC07 have the same structure. Taking the sixth sub-slot SC06 as an example, it includes a main body and multiple branch parts. The main body includes multiple sub-parts connected in sequence and extending in different directions, and the multiple branch parts are disposed on the side of the main body near the first sub-signal electrode 5311. The length and / or width of each branch part are different.

[0075] For example, refer to Figure 6The main body includes a first sub-part SC001, a second sub-part SC002, a third sub-part SC003, and a fourth sub-part SC004 connected in sequence. The extending directions of the first sub-part SC001 and the third sub-part SC003 are the same as the extending direction of the first sub-signal electrode 5311, and the extending directions of the second sub-part SC002 and the fourth sub-part SC004 are the same as the extending direction of the second sub-signal electrode 5312.

[0076] Continue to refer to Figure 6 The sixth sub-slot SC06 includes three branches, which are defined as the first branch SC005, the second branch SC006, and the third branch SC007, arranged sequentially along the direction away from the second sub-signal electrode 5312. The length ratio of the first branch SC005, the second branch SC006, and the third branch SC007 is 2:3:5, and the width ratio is 3:2:1. It should be noted that the length of the branch refers to its length in the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode 5312, and the width of the branch refers to its length in the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 5311. By setting multiple sub-slots and multiple branches, the current path on the surface of the transmission layer can be optimized, thereby improving the signal transmission rate.

[0077] The second example: The transmission component 13 in this example has a structure that is largely the same as that in the first example, except that the reference electrode 532 in the transmission component 13 in the second example includes not only the second groove SC2, the third groove SC3, and the fourth groove SC4, but also at least one fifth groove SC5, as shown below. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown. The fifth groove SC5 is disposed on one side of the fourth groove SC4 along its extension direction and penetrates the transmission layer 53 along the thickness direction of the transmission layer 53.

[0078] Specifically, the fifth groove SC5 can be a rectangular groove or an annular groove. When the fifth groove SC5 is a rectangular groove, refer to... Figure 7 The number of fifth slots SC5 can be one or more. When multiple fifth slots SC5 are included, they are arranged side by side along the extending direction of the second sub-signal electrode 5312. When the fifth slot SC5 is an annular slot, refer to... Figure 8 The orthographic projection of the annular groove on the dielectric substrate 11 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the open-loop structure on the dielectric substrate 11. By providing the fifth groove SC5, the antenna gain can be further improved.

[0079] It should be noted that in the first and second examples described above, in addition to the waveguide structure 1 and the radiating structure 2, the antenna also includes a feeding structure 4 that feeds the transmission layer 53 in the waveguide structure 1, such as... Figure 9 As shown. (Refer to...) Figure 9 The power supply structure 4 is connected to the signal electrode in the transmission component 13 through a first through-hole that penetrates the reflector and the dielectric substrate 11, and supplies power to the transmission component 13.

[0080] This disclosure also provides simulation diagrams of the antenna in the first and second examples. The parameters of each part of the antenna include: for the first slot SC1, the total length of the two main parts is 7.4 mm, and the width is 0.1 mm. Specifically, for each main part, the length of the first sub-part SC001 is 1.35 mm, the length of the second sub-part SC002 is 1.1 mm, the length of the third sub-part SC003 is 0.5 mm, and the length of the fourth sub-part SC004 is 0.75 mm. The length ratio of the first branch SC005, the second branch SC006, and the third branch SC007 is 2:3:5, the width ratio is 3:2:1, and the ratio of their distances from the transmission layer 53 to the reflective layer 12 is 1.2:0.8:0.4. For the second groove SC2 and the third groove SC3, the width is 0.2mm. The length of the first sub-groove SC01 is 1mm, the length of the second sub-groove SC02 is 0.8mm, the length of the third sub-groove SC03 is 2.6mm, the length of the fourth sub-groove SC04 is 1mm, and the length of the fifth sub-groove SC05 is 0.9mm. For the fourth groove SC4, its length is 5mm, its width is 0.15mm, and its distance from the first groove SC1 is 0.175mm. For the fifth groove SC5, its length is 0.4mm-0.8mm, its width is 0.1mm-0.3mm, its distance from the fourth groove SC4 is 0.35mm, and its distance from the third groove SC3 is 0.3-1.3mm. When the fifth groove SC5 is a rectangular groove and there are multiple fifth grooves, the distance between two adjacent fifth grooves SC5 is 0.15mm-0.25mm. When the fifth groove SC5 is an annular groove, the width of the annular groove is 0.15mm-0.25mm.

[0081] Figure 10 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna S11 in the first example provided in this disclosure. Figure 11 The histogram of the antenna in the first example provided in this disclosure. Figure 12 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna directivity coefficient in the first example provided in this disclosure. Figure 13 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna S11 in the second example provided in this disclosure. From Figure 10-12 It can be seen that the antenna of this application has a bandwidth of nearly 1 GHz in 12 GHz, and the electric field distribution is a regular arc installation, which can be used as a feed source for a holographic antenna. Figure 13The different colored simulation curves represent the S11 simulation curves of the antenna when the fifth slot SC5 is set to different sizes. Simulation parameter II1 represents the width of the fifth slot SC5, simulation parameter ly1 represents the length of the fifth slot SC5, and simulation parameter www1 represents the distance between the fifth slot SC5 and the third slot SC3. Figure 13 As can be seen, the bandwidth of the antenna was significantly improved after the addition of the fifth slot SC5.

[0082] When designing a holographic antenna, the initial phase of the feed must be considered to design the target polarization. This is because, with center feeding, the forward-propagating wave and the backward-propagating wave are out of phase; that is, the direction of the radiated wave is either the same as or opposite to the direction of the wave propagating within the waveguide. The antenna's radiation pattern is composed of the superposition of far-field radiation from two waves with different phases within the waveguide. If the two waves from the feed have a certain difference in far-field radiation directions, a central concave radiation phenomenon will appear. For a holographic slot antenna with y-polarization, the antenna surface is divided into two planes using the xoz plane as the interface. Generally, by differentiating the phases of these two parts by 180°, the beam concavity problem can be solved. The following two suggestions can simplify the holographic design by designing feed structures where the phase can be controlled separately in the forward and reverse directions.

[0083] The third example: In this example, the transport component 13 includes two stacked substrates 61 / 62, a reference electrode layer 63 disposed between the two substrates, and two transport layers 64 / 65 disposed on the side of the two substrates opposite to the auxiliary electrode layer. The two transport layers can have identical structures, and their orthogonal projections onto either substrate can completely overlap; alternatively, the structures of the two transport layers can have slight differences. For ease of explanation, the third example describes the case where the two transport layer structures are identical, while the fourth example describes the case where the two transport layer structures can differ.

[0084] Specifically, two transport layers are defined as a first transport layer 64 and a second transport layer 65. The substrate disposed between the first transport layer 64 and the auxiliary electrode 642 layer is designated as the first substrate 61, and the substrate disposed between the second transport layer 65 and the auxiliary electrode 642 layer is designated as the second substrate 62. The orthographic projections of the first transport layer 64 and the second transport layer 65 onto the first substrate 61 completely overlap. The first substrate 61 and the second substrate 62 may, for example, comprise PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or Teflon material, and the first transport layer 64, the second transport layer 65, and the auxiliary electrode 642 layer may, for example, comprise conductive metallic materials such as gold, copper, or aluminum.

[0085] Taking the first transmission layer 64 as an example, the first transmission layer 64 has a first slot SC1 extending through its thickness direction. The first slot SC1 divides the transmission layer into separately disposed signal electrodes and auxiliary electrodes 642. The signal electrodes are located within the area defined by the first slot SC1, and the auxiliary electrodes 642 surround the first slot SC1. The signal electrodes are used to transmit signals, and the auxiliary electrodes 642 are used to improve antenna performance.

[0086] Specifically, refer to Figure 16 The signal electrodes include a first sub-signal electrode 6411 and a second sub-signal electrode 6412 electrically connected. The first sub-signal electrode 6411 is closer to the reflective layer 12 than the second sub-signal electrode 6412. The first sub-signal electrode 6411 extends in the same direction as the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate 11, and the second sub-signal electrode 6412 extends perpendicular to the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 6411. The midpoint of the second sub-signal electrode 6412 is connected to one end of the first sub-signal electrode 6411. Figure 1 As shown, the first sub-signal electrode 6411 and the second sub-signal electrode 6412 are connected to form a T-shaped structure.

[0087] Continue to refer to Figure 16 The auxiliary electrode 642 includes a second trench SC2 and a third trench SC3, respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode 6411 in the extending direction and extending through the transmission layer thickness direction. The second trench SC2 and the third trench SC3 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode 6411. Both the second trench SC2 and the third trench SC3 are open-loop structures, and the openings of the open-loop structures face the radiating structure 2. Unlike the first example, the open-loop structure in the third example is completely disposed within the T-shaped structure, that is, the orthogonal projection of the second sub-signal electrode 6412 on the dielectric substrate 11 completely covers the orthogonal projections of the two open-loop structures on the dielectric substrate 11.

[0088] Reference Figure 16Taking the third slot SC3 as an example, it includes a first sub-slot SC01 and a second sub-slot SC02 arranged opposite to each other, a third sub-slot SC03 connecting the first sub-slot SC01 and the second sub-slot SC02, and a fourth sub-slot SC04 and a fifth sub-slot SC05 forming an open-loop structure. The extending directions of the first sub-slot SC01 and the second sub-slot SC02 are the same as the extending direction of the first sub-signal electrode 6411. Unlike the first example, in the third example, the widths of the first sub-slot SC01 and the second sub-slot SC02 are equal. Therefore, the extending direction of the third sub-slot SC03 in the third example is the same as the extending direction of the second sub-signal electrode 6412, that is, the third sub-slot SC03 is perpendicular to the first sub-slot SC01 and the second sub-slot SC02. The fourth sub-slot SC04 is connected to the first sub-slot SC01, and the fifth sub-slot SC05 is connected to the second sub-slot SC02. The extending directions of the fourth sub-slot SC04 and the fifth sub-slot SC05 are the same as the extending direction of the second sub-signal electrode 6412. The fourth sub-slot SC04, the first sub-slot SC01, the third sub-slot SC03, the second sub-slot SC02, and the fifth sub-slot SC05, connected in sequence, form a C-shaped slot. The C-shaped slot and the orthographic projection of the second sub-signal electrode 6412 on the dielectric substrate 11 overlap.

[0089] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sixth sub-slot provided in this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 16 and Figure 17 The first slot SC1, separating the signal electrode 641 and the auxiliary electrode 642, includes a sixth sub-slot SC06 and a seventh sub-slot SC07 respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode 6411. The sixth sub-slot SC06 and the seventh sub-slot SC07 are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure. Taking the sixth sub-slot SC06 as an example, it includes a main body and multiple branch parts. The main body includes multiple sub-parts connected in sequence and extending in different directions, and the multiple branch parts are disposed on the side of the main body near the first sub-signal electrode 6411. The length and / or width of each branch part are different.

[0090] For example, refer to Figure 17 The main body includes a first sub-part SC001, a second sub-part SC002, a third sub-part SC003, and a fourth sub-part SC004 connected in sequence. The extending directions of the first sub-part SC001 and the third sub-part SC003 are the same as the extending direction of the first sub-signal electrode 6411, and the extending directions of the second sub-part SC002 and the fourth sub-part SC004 are the same as the extending direction of the second sub-signal electrode 6412.

[0091] Continue to refer to Figure 17The sixth sub-slot SC06 includes two branches, designated as the first branch SC005 and the second branch SC006, which are arranged sequentially along the direction away from the second sub-signal electrode 6412. The length ratio of the first branch SC005 to the second branch SC006 is 2:1, and their widths are equal. It should be noted that the length of the branch refers to its length in the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode 6412, and the width of the branch refers to its length in the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode 6411.

[0092] The reference electrode layer 63 disposed between the two substrates may include electrodes covering an entire surface, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the first transmission layer 64 and the second transmission layer 65 share a single reference electrode, thus reducing costs. Of course, to avoid interference between the signal transmission processes of the first transmission layer 64 and the second transmission layer 65, the reference electrode layer 63 may include two reference grounds. Specifically, referring to... Figure 15 The reference electrode layer 63 includes a first sub-reference electrode 631 and a second sub-reference electrode 632 stacked together, and a conductive adhesive layer 633 connecting the two. The first sub-reference electrode 631 is in contact with the first substrate 61 and serves as a reference ground for the first transport layer 64. The second sub-reference electrode 632 is in contact with the second substrate 62 and serves as a reference ground for the second transport layer 65.

[0093] The fourth example: The transmission component 13 in this example has a structure that is largely the same as that in the third example, except that the reference electrode in the transmission component 13 in the third example includes not only the second trench SC2 and the third trench SC3, but also at least one of the first transmission layer 64 and the second transmission layer 65, which includes at least one fourth trench SC4. Figure 18 As shown. The fourth groove SC4 extends in the same direction as the second sub-signal electrode 6412, and is disposed on the side of the second groove SC2 or the third groove SC3 away from the second sub-signal electrode 6412.

[0094] In other words, in the fourth example, at least one fourth slot SC4 is provided on the first transmission layer 64 and / or the second transmission layer 65. When one of the first transmission layer 64 and the second transmission layer 65 includes the fourth slot SC4 and the other does not, or when one includes two fourth slots SC4 and the other includes one fourth slot SC4, the structures of the first transmission layer 64 and the second transmission layer 65 are not completely symmetrical and there are differences. Providing the fourth slot SC4 can improve the antenna's gain and return loss parameters.

[0095] In the third example, arranging the two transmission electrodes with the same pattern helps ensure the symmetry of waveguide structure 1, making the propagation of electromagnetic waves more uniform, and better controlling the current and magnetic field distribution on waveguide structure 1, reducing unnecessary stray radiation. Simultaneously, the symmetrical design simplifies the fabrication process, helping to control costs and improve product quality. In the fourth example, arranging the first and second transmission electrodes with different patterns helps improve the polarization and gain of the waveguide structure.

[0096] It should be noted that in the third and fourth examples above, in addition to waveguide structure 1 and radiating structure 2, the antenna also includes a feeding structure for feeding the transmission layer in waveguide structure 1. Since the antennas in the third and fourth examples have two transmission layers, different feeding structures are needed to feed the two transmission layers separately. Specifically, refer to... Figure 19 The power supply structure includes a first power supply section 41 and a second power supply section 42, which are electrically connected to two signal electrodes in the two transmission layers respectively through a through hole penetrating the reflector.

[0097] Figure 20 The holographic distribution diagram of the antenna when the phase difference between the signals provided by the first feed unit and the second feed unit provided in this disclosure is 180°. Figure 21 A holographic distribution diagram of the antenna when the phase difference between the signals provided by the first feed unit and the second feed unit provided in this disclosure is 0°. From Figure 20-21 It can be seen that when the initial phase of the signals fed by the first feed unit 41 and the second feed unit differs by 180°, the problem of the holographic unit amplitude distribution being reversed in the corresponding direction when selecting linear polarization can be avoided.

[0098] Therefore, in order to achieve target polarization and solve beam dip, the initial phase difference between the feed signals transmitted on the first feed unit 41 and the second feed unit 42 is set to 180°. For example, the initial phase of the feed signal transmitted on the first feed unit 41 is 0°, and the initial phase of the feed signal transmitted on the second feed unit 42 is 180°. As another example, the initial phase of the feed signal transmitted on the first feed unit 41 is 180°, and the initial phase of the feed signal transmitted on the second feed unit 42 is 0°.

[0099] In the third and fourth examples above, the parameters of each part of the antenna include: for the first slot SC1, the total length of the two main parts is 18.1 mm and the width is 0.2 mm. Specifically, for each main part, the length of the first sub-part SC001 is 3.1 mm, the length of the second sub-part SC002 is 3.5 mm, the length of the third sub-part SC003 is 0.6 mm, the length of the fourth sub-part SC004 is 1.85 mm, the length ratio of the first branch SC005 to the second branch SC006 is 2:1, the width ratio is 1:1, and the ratio of their distances to the edge of the transmission layer near the reflector layer 12 is 0.9:0.4. For the second groove SC2 and the third groove SC3, the width is 0.2mm. The length of the first sub-groove SC01 is 0.7mm, the length of the second sub-groove SC02 is 1mm, the length of the third sub-groove SC03 is 2.8mm, the length of the fourth sub-groove SC04 is 1mm, and the length of the fifth sub-groove SC05 is 0.7mm. For the fourth groove SC4, its length is 1-2mm, its width is 0.4-0.8mm, and the distance between it and the first groove SC1 is 0.2-0.6mm. For the fifth groove SC5, its length is 0.4mm-0.8mm, its width is 0.1mm-0.3mm, the distance between it and the fourth groove SC4 is 0.35mm, and the distance between it and the third groove SC3 is 0.3-1.3mm. When the fifth groove SC5 is a rectangular groove and there are multiple fifth grooves, the distance between two adjacent fifth grooves SC5 is 0.15mm-0.25mm. When the fifth groove SC5 is an annular groove, the width of the annular groove is 0.15mm-0.25mm.

[0100] This disclosure also provides an electronic device that includes the antenna in any of the above embodiments.

[0101] In some embodiments, the electronic device further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The planar antenna can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the transparent antenna in the communication system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0102] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband before transmitting them to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0103] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission in the communication system, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the transparent antenna, which radiates the signal. During signal reception in the communication system, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna, after processing by the power amplifier and signal amplifier, is transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0104] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0105] In some examples, the antenna provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier to provide voltage to the power amplifier for amplifying signals.

[0106] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a waveguide structure and a radiating structure disposed on the radiating surface side of the waveguide structure; wherein, The waveguide structure includes: A dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the dielectric substrate includes a first receiving portion that at least partially extends through it along its thickness direction, the first receiving portion including at least a first opening located on the first surface. A reflective layer is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate; A transmission component is disposed within the first accommodating portion; the radiating structure is located on the side of the transmission component facing away from the reflective layer; the transmission component is configured to excite the radiating structure to emit cylindrical waves.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The plane containing the transmission component is orthogonal to the plane containing the second surface; the transmission component includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a transmission layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein, The transmission layer has a first groove extending through its thickness direction; the first groove divides the transmission layer into separately disposed signal electrodes and reference electrodes; the signal electrodes are located within the area defined by the first groove; the reference electrodes surround the first groove.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to the end of the first sub-signal electrode near the radiation structure, and the first sub-signal electrode and the second sub-signal electrode have different extending directions. The transmission layer further includes a second groove and a third groove disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the second groove and the third groove are both open-loop structures, and the opening of the open-loop structure faces the radiation structure.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The open-loop structure includes a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove disposed opposite to each other, a third sub-groove connecting the first sub-groove and the second sub-groove, and a fourth sub-groove and a fifth sub-groove defining the opening of the open-loop structure. Both the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot extend in the same direction as the first sub-signal electrode, and the first sub-slot is closer to the first sub-signal electrode than the second sub-slot; the fourth sub-slot is connected to the first sub-slot, and the fifth sub-slot is connected to the second sub-slot.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The length of the first sub-slot is less than the length of the second sub-slot.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein, The transmission layer further includes a fourth groove disposed on the side of the second sub-signal electrode opposite to the first sub-signal electrode and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the extension direction of the fourth groove is the same as the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The transmission layer further includes at least one fifth groove disposed on one side of the fourth groove along its extension direction and penetrating along the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the extension direction of the fifth groove is the same as the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The number of the fifth groove is one, and the fifth groove is an annular groove.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein, The first slot includes a sixth sub-slot and a seventh sub-slot, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode; Both the sixth sub-slot and the seventh sub-slot include a main body and a plurality of branch portions connected in the extending direction of the main body and close to the side of the first sub-signal electrode.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein, At least some of the multiple branches have unequal lengths and / or widths.

11. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The plane containing the transmission component is orthogonal to the plane containing the second surface; the transmission component includes two stacked substrates, a reference electrode layer disposed between the two substrates, and two transmission layers disposed on the side of the two substrates opposite to the reference electrode layer; wherein... The transmission layer has a first groove extending through its thickness direction; the first groove divides the transmission layer into separately disposed signal electrodes and auxiliary electrodes; the signal electrodes are located within the area defined by the first groove; the auxiliary electrodes surround the first groove.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The signal electrode includes a first sub-signal electrode and a second sub-signal electrode connected to the end of the first sub-signal electrode near the radiating structure, and the first sub-signal electrode and the second sub-signal electrode have different extending directions. The transmission layer further includes a second groove and a third groove disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the first sub-signal electrode and extending through the thickness direction of the transmission layer; the second groove and the third groove are both open-loop structures, and the opening of the open-loop structure faces the radiation structure.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The open-loop structure includes a first sub-groove and a second sub-groove disposed opposite to each other, a third sub-groove connecting the first sub-groove and the second sub-groove, and a fourth sub-groove and a fifth sub-groove defining the opening of the open-loop structure. Both the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot extend in the same direction as the first sub-signal electrode, and the first sub-slot is closer to the first sub-signal electrode than the second sub-slot; the fourth sub-slot is connected to the first sub-slot, and the fifth sub-slot is connected to the second sub-slot.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The lengths of the first sub-slot and the second sub-slot are equal.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The orthographic projections of the two transport layers onto the substrate completely overlap.

16. The antenna according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein, The first slot includes a sixth sub-slot and a seventh sub-slot, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the first sub-signal electrode; Both the sixth sub-slot and the seventh sub-slot include a main body and multiple branch portions connected in the extending direction of the main body and on the side opposite to the first sub-signal electrode.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, wherein, Each of the branches has the same width but different lengths.

18. The antenna according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein, At least one of the two transmission layers further includes a fourth slot; the fourth slot is disposed on the side of the second slot away from the second sub-signal electrode, or the fourth slot is disposed on the side of the third slot away from the second sub-signal electrode; the extension direction of the fourth slot is the same as the extension direction of the second sub-signal electrode.

19. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The antenna further includes a feeding structure; the feeding structure is connected to the transmission component through a first via penetrating the reflective layer and the dielectric substrate.

20. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The orthographic projection of the first receiving portion onto the dielectric substrate is rectangular or circular.

21. An electronic device comprising an antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1-20.

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