Perovskite laminated solar cell

Abstract

The utility model relates to a perovskite laminated solar cell. The perovskite laminated solar cell comprises a top cell (10), a composite layer (20), a bottom cell (30) and a packaging layer (40), the composite layer (20) is arranged between the top cell (10) and the bottom cell (30), and the packaging layer (40) covers the area, except a front electrode (105), of the front face of the top cell (10) and covers the side face of the top cell (10). Therefore, the perovskite top cell is prevented from being eroded by moisture and oxygen, and the storage life of the perovskite laminated solar cell is prolonged. Therefore, the perovskite laminated solar cells cannot be eroded by moisture and oxygen due to the protection of the encapsulation layer even if the perovskite laminated solar cells are exposed in the air for a long time before the plurality of perovskite laminated solar cells are subjected to assembly encapsulation and in the processes of storage, transportation and assembly preparation, so that the effective use of the cell assembly is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of semiconductor devices, in particular to a perovskite tandem solar cell. BACKGROUND

[0002] The perovskite solar cell is a solar cell using an organic metal halide semiconductor of perovskite type as light-absorbing material, also known as a new concept solar cell. With the bottleneck of crystalline silicon single-junction solar cell technology, perovskite tandem solar cells will become a new trend in future technology. The perovskite tandem solar cell is composed of a top cell, a composite layer and a bottom cell. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a perovskite tandem solar cell capable of avoiding the top cell from being eroded by water vapor and oxygen.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure provides a perovskite tandem solar cell, comprising a top cell, a composite layer, a bottom cell and an encapsulation layer, the composite layer is arranged between the top cell and the bottom cell, the encapsulation layer covers the area of the front surface of the top cell except the front surface electrode and covers the side surface of the top cell.

[0005] Optionally, the encapsulation layer also covers the side surface of the composite layer.

[0006] Optionally, the encapsulation layer also covers the side surface of the bottom cell.

[0007] Optionally, in the horizontal direction, the side surface of the bottom cell extends outward by a first distance based on the side surface of the top cell.

[0008] Optionally, in the horizontal direction, the side surface of the top cell and the side surface of the composite layer are aligned.

[0009] Optionally, the first distance is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0010] Optionally, the material of the encapsulation layer is ultraviolet curing glue.

[0011] Optionally, in the direction from the composite layer to the front surface electrode, the top cell comprises a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a conductive layer and a front surface electrode in sequence, and the hole transport layer is a double-layer structure of nickel oxide and self-assembled monolayer (SAM).

[0012] Optionally, the composite layer is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer.

[0013] Optionally, the bottom cell comprises, in order from the back surface of the bottom cell to the direction of the composite layer, a back surface electrode, a silicon nitride layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a P-type passivation layer, a substrate, and an N-type passivation layer.

[0014] By the above technical solution, the encapsulation layer covers the area of the top cell other than the positive electrode on the positive surface and covers the side surface of the top cell. In this way, the perovskite top cell is prevented from being eroded by water vapor and oxygen, and the storage life of the perovskite tandem solar cell is prolonged. Therefore, before the multiple perovskite tandem solar cells are assembled, during the storage, transportation, and assembly preparation process, even if exposed to air for a long time, the perovskite tandem solar cell will not be eroded by water vapor and oxygen due to the protection of the encapsulation layer, thereby ensuring the effective use of the battery assembly.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification, and are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided by an exemplary embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided by another exemplary embodiment.

[0019] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided by yet another exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided by yet another exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a perovskite tandem solar cell preparation method provided by an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Figures 6-8 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite tandem solar cell preparation process provided by an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0026] When growing a perovskite top cell on a bottom cell, due to the limitation of actual production process precision, there are problems such as unevenness, discontinuity, too many holes in the edge area of the perovskite cell, which will cause serious edge recombination and reduce the overall efficiency of the stacked cell. At the same time, water and oxygen are more likely to erode from the edge to the inside, affecting the overall stability of the stack, further reducing the performance of the cell. That is, in a perovskite stacked solar cell, the perovskite top cell is sensitive to water and oxygen due to its inherent properties during production and storage, and is easily decomposed in humid air, forming a large number of defects, and even causing the perovskite structure to collapse, ultimately causing the cell to lose its original function. The two-end and three-end stacked solar cells cannot be directly prepared into modules like single-junction perovskite solar cells because the top cell is directly prepared on the silicon bottom cell substrate. Instead, multiple perovskite stacked solar cells need to be packaged into modules at the module factory. The perovskite stacked solar cell will be exposed to air for a long time during storage, transportation and module preparation.

[0027] Therefore, the present scheme provides a perovskite stacked solar cell, which can prevent the perovskite top cell from being eroded by water and oxygen through special front-end packaging treatment of the stacked cell.

[0028] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite stacked solar cell provided by an example embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the perovskite stacked solar cell includes a top cell 10, a composite layer 20, a bottom cell 30 and a packaging layer 40. The top cell 10 includes a front electrode 105. The composite layer 20 is arranged between the top cell 10 and the bottom cell 30. The packaging layer 40 covers the area of the front of the top cell 10 except the front electrode 105, and covers the side of the top cell 10. Figure 1

[0029] In the example embodiment, the side of the top cell 10 can be cleaned after the top cell 10, the composite layer 20 and the bottom cell 30 are prepared. For example, the range and depth of the cleaning can be precisely controlled by laser to prevent damage to the bottom cell 30.

[0030] The packaging layer 40 can be patterned based on the position and size of the front electrode 105 of the top cell 10, avoiding the area of the front electrode 105, and covering the packaging layer based on the patterning, for example, by inkjet printing. The patterned packaging avoids the subsequent electrode conduction and series welding metal contact problems caused by covering the electrode surface with the packaging film.

[0031] ​The positive electrode 105 of the top cell 10 can include a fine grid and a main grid, and the patterning can avoid all the positive electrodes 105 or only avoid the main grid, thereby reducing the difficulty of patterning and improving the efficiency of the preparation of the encapsulation layer. At this time, the encapsulation layer 40 covers the area of the front surface of the top cell 10 except the main grid of the positive electrode 105.

[0032] The material of the encapsulation layer 40 can be ultraviolet curing glue, i.e., UV glue. Preferably, it can be an acrylic UV glue or a metal compound, or a thin film prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD), which can play a role in water and oxygen resistance. At the same time, the ultraviolet curing glue has good thermal stability and can withstand the heat generated during the transportation, module string welding and lamination of the battery and the working process of the module, and will not decompose or deform during the encapsulation process.

[0033] By the above technical solution, the encapsulation layer covers the area of the front surface of the top cell except the positive electrode and covers the side surface of the top cell. In this way, the perovskite top cell is prevented from being eroded by water vapor and oxygen, and the storage life of the perovskite laminated solar cell is prolonged. Therefore, before the module encapsulation of the plurality of perovskite laminated solar cells, even if exposed to air for a long time during storage, transportation and module preparation, the perovskite laminated solar cell will not be eroded by water vapor and oxygen due to the protection of the encapsulation layer, thereby ensuring the effective use of the battery module. At the same time, the present embodiment forms a space containing the encapsulation material by means of the perovskite cell edge cleaning process, does not increase the original process, is suitable for the preparation of 2T, 3T and 4T perovskite crystalline silicon laminated cells, is easy to implement, and is conducive to industrialization and popularization.

[0034] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite laminated solar cell provided by another exemplary embodiment. Compared with the perovskite laminated solar cell of Figure 1 , in the embodiment of Figure 2 , the encapsulation layer 40 also covers the side surface of the composite layer 20, which can further improve the insulation effect of the perovskite top cell from the outside world and avoid the performance degradation of the perovskite top cell caused by the invasion of water and oxygen at the junction of the encapsulation layer 40 and the composite layer 20. Figure 1

[0035] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a perovskite laminated solar cell provided by another exemplary embodiment. Compared with the perovskite laminated solar cell of Figure 2 , in the embodiment of Figure 3 , the encapsulation layer 40 also covers the side surface of the bottom cell 30, which can further improve the insulation effect of the perovskite top cell from the outside world and avoid the performance degradation of the perovskite top cell caused by the invasion of water and oxygen at the junction of the encapsulation layer 40 and the bottom cell 30. Figure 2 ​The perovskite top cell performance degradation caused by the invasion of water and oxygen at the junction of the encapsulation layer 40 and the bottom cell 30.

[0036] In yet another embodiment, in the horizontal direction, the side of the bottom cell 30 extends outward by a first distance on the basis of the side of the top cell 10. Figures 1-3 is a schematic diagram of the cross section of a perovskite tandem solar cell. In the edge trimming, for example, the range and depth of the edge trimming can be accurately controlled by a laser process, etching away the edges of the perovskite top cell 10 while preventing damage to the bottom cell. Preferably, in the horizontal direction, the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the bottom cell can have a first distance d, as shown in Figure 2 . The value of the first distance d can be less than or equal to 0.5 mm. If viewed from the top of the tandem cell, in the horizontal direction, the side of the bottom cell extends by the first distance d than the side of the top cell. The thickness of the encapsulation layer 40 can be the first distance d.

[0037] In Figure 1 , the side of the top cell 10 is recessed from the sides of the composite layer 20 and the bottom cell 30 by a distance, avoiding the overflow of the encapsulation glue to the sides and back of the composite layer 20 and the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation.

[0038] In Figure 2 , the sides of the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed from the side of the bottom cell 30 by a distance, avoiding the overflow of the encapsulation glue to the side and back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation.

[0039] In Figure 3 , the sides of the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed from the side of the bottom cell 30 by a distance, and during gluing and encapsulation, the encapsulation layer on the side of the bottom cell 30 is thinner, avoiding the overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30.

[0040] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , in the horizontal direction, the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20 are aligned. In this way, the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 can be conveniently trimmed at the same time.

[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite tandem solar cell provided by yet another exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 4 , in the perovskite tandem solar cell, in the direction from the composite layer 20 to the front electrode 105, the top cell 10 can include, in sequence, a hole transport layer 101, a perovskite layer 102, an electron transport layer 103, a conductive layer 104, and a front electrode 105.

[0042] The hole transport layer 101 can be a double-layer structure of nickel oxide and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), with the nickel oxide deposited first and the SAM layer deposited later. The specific process can be to spin-coat nickel oxide nanoparticles or form a nickel oxide film through magnetron sputtering, with the thickness controlled to be between 10-50 nm. The hole transport layer can also be a pure SAM structure, and the material can include Me-4PACZ and related derivative materials. The specific process can be spin coating, vacuum method, or spray coating, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), and the final film thickness can be 0.5-2 nm.

[0043] The perovskite layer 102 has a structure of a wide-bandgap perovskite material, and the optional process can be one-step or two-step. In the one-step process, a precursor solution (a mixed solution of organic and inorganic) is prepared first, and then the perovskite layer is prepared by spin coating, slot coating, or spray coating, and the perovskite layer 102 is formed by VCD or heating annealing. In the two-step process, an inorganic salt film is prepared first by vacuum evaporation, and the main component is PbI2, and other components can include CsI, PbBr2, etc. Then, an organic salt solution is coated on the surface of the inorganic salt film, and the solute material can include FAI, FABr, MAI, MABr, and additives, including organic ammonium salt, halide ammonium salt, organic small molecule, polymer molecule, etc.

[0044] The electron transport layer 103 can be divided into two layers. The first layer is preferably a C60 layer, which can be prepared by vacuum evaporation, with the film thickness controlled to be in the range of 5-20 nm. The second layer is preferably SnO2, which can be prepared by atomic deposition (ALD), with the film thickness controlled to be in the range of 15-20 nm.

[0045] The conductive layer 104 can be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) conductive layer, which can be a transparent metal oxide conductive layer. The film can be deposited by magnetron sputtering, and the structure material can include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide with tungsten (IWO), indium carbonate oxide (ICO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), etc.

[0046] The material of the front electrode 105 is preferably silver, and the electrode process can be vacuum evaporation or screen printing, with the raw material selected to be high-purity silver or low-temperature silver paste, and the solidification temperature of the low-temperature silver paste is lower than 150 degrees Celsius.

[0047] In the direction from the back surface of the bottom cell 30 to the composite layer 20, the bottom cell 30 can include, in sequence, a back surface electrode 306, a silicon nitride layer 301, an aluminum oxide layer 302, a P-type passivation layer 303, a substrate 304, and an N-type passivation layer 305.

[0048] The N-type passivation layer 305 can be composed of an N-poly and a silicon oxide layer, with a thin layer of silicon oxide between the N-type crystalline silicon substrate 304 and the N-poly. A tunneling layer (not shown) can be provided between the N-type crystalline silicon substrate 304 and the N-type passivation layer 305, and a tunneling layer (not shown) can also be provided between the N-type crystalline silicon substrate 304 and the P-type passivation layer 303.

[0049] The stack of the silicon nitride layer 301 and the aluminum oxide layer 302 can constitute a passivation layer. It can be understood that the silicon nitride layer 301 and the aluminum oxide layer 302 can be multiple layers.

[0050] The back surface electrode 306 can form a back surface patterned electrode distribution by a screen printing silver paste process, and then form an ohmic contact with the p-poly in the P-type passivation layer 303 by high-temperature firing through the passivation layer composed of the silicon nitride layer 301 and the aluminum oxide layer 302, to collect and transport photo-generated carriers through the back electrode.

[0051] The back surface of the bottom cell 30 can adopt a BC structure. The BC structure refers to the back surface of the bottom cell including P and N regions distributed at intervals, so that the electrons and holes of the photo-generated carriers generated inside the bottom cell are separated and collected on the back surface of the bottom cell. The BC structure can include a TBC, an HBC, or a hybrid BC structure. The TBC refers to the P and N regions of the back surface of the bottom cell being both TOPCON structures, the HBC refers to the P and N regions of the back surface of the bottom cell being both HJT structures, and the hybrid BC refers to the P and N regions having different structures, for example, the P region being an HJT structure and the N region being a TOPCON structure, or the N region being an HJT structure and the P region being a TOPCON structure. In addition, the above-mentioned BC structure can also be other types of BC structures.

[0052] Figure 4 The perovskite top cell 10 in the above embodiment adopts an inverted structure, and in other embodiments, a formal structure can also be adopted.

[0053] The encapsulation layer can be formed on the top surface and side surface of the top cell 10 by inkjet printing, coating, deposition, etc., and other gluing methods can also be used.

[0054] The composite layer 20 can be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer. For example, it can be deposited by a PVD method.

[0055] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a perovskite tandem solar cell according to an example embodiment. As shown in Figure 5 , the method includes steps S101-S104.

[0056] S101, manufacturing a bottom cell 30.

[0057] S102, manufacturing a composite layer 20 on the bottom cell 30.

[0058] S103, manufacturing a top cell 10 on the composite layer 20.

[0059] S104, manufacturing an encapsulation layer 40 on the front side of the top cell 10 except for the area of the front electrode 105 and the side of the top cell 10.

[0060] For example, the perovskite tandem solar cell of Figure 1 is manufactured by sequentially manufacturing the bottom cell 30, the composite layer 20 and the top cell 10, and then manufacturing the encapsulation layer 40 on the front side of the top cell 10 except for the area of the front electrode 105 and the side of the top cell 10.

[0061] In an example embodiment, the perovskite tandem solar cell of Figure 4 may be manufactured. The bottom cell 30 can be manufactured by disposing a silicon nitride layer 301, an aluminum oxide layer 302, a P-type passivation layer 303, a substrate 304, an N-type passivation layer 305 and a back electrode 306 in the bottom cell 30.

[0062] The composite layer 20 can be manufactured on the bottom cell 30 by depositing a TCO layer by a PVD method.

[0063] The top cell 10 can be manufactured on the composite layer 20 by:

[0064] A pure SAM structure is prepared as a hole transport layer 101 by a spin coating method or a vacuum method or a spray coating method, and the material can include Me-4PACZ and related derivative materials;

[0065] An inorganic salt thin film is prepared by a vacuum evaporation method, and then an organic salt solution is coated on the surface of the inorganic salt thin film to form a perovskite layer 102;

[0066] A C60 layer SnO2 is disposed by a vacuum evaporation film coating process, and then a SnO2 thin film is prepared by an atomic deposition method (ALD) to form an electron transport layer 103;

[0067] A transparent metal oxide conductive layer is disposed by a magnetron sputtering process to form a conductive layer 104;

[0068] The front electrode 105 is arranged by vacuum evaporation or screen printing process, and the raw material can be high-purity silver (vacuum evaporation) or low-temperature silver paste (screen printing).

[0069] Finally, in the area of the top cell 10 on the front surface except the front electrode 105 and the side surface of the top cell 10, the ultraviolet curing glue is arranged by ALD to form the encapsulation layer 40.

[0070] By the above technical solution, the encapsulation layer covers the area of the front surface of the top cell except the front electrode and covers the side surface of the top cell. In this way, the perovskite top cell is prevented from being eroded by water vapor and oxygen, and the storage life of the perovskite tandem solar cell is prolonged. Therefore, before the assembly encapsulation of the plurality of perovskite tandem solar cells, during the storage, transportation and assembly preparation process, even if exposed to air for a long time, the perovskite tandem solar cell will not be eroded by water vapor and oxygen due to the protection of the encapsulation layer, thereby ensuring the effective use of the battery assembly.

[0071] In an embodiment, before the step S104 of preparing the encapsulation layer 40 in the area of the top cell 10 on the front surface except the front electrode 105 and the side surface of the top cell 10, the method further comprises:

[0072] The side surface of the top cell 10 is trimmed so that in the horizontal direction, the side surface of the bottom cell 30 extends outward from the side surface of the top cell 10 by a first distance.

[0073] After the step S103 of preparing the top cell 10 on the composite layer 20, the side surface of the top cell 10 is trimmed, for example, the range and depth of trimming can be accurately controlled by laser to prevent damage to the bottom cell 30.

[0074] The encapsulation layer 40 can be patterned based on the position and size of the front electrode 105 of the top cell 10, avoiding the area of the front electrode 105, and the encapsulation layer is covered based on the patterning, for example, by inkjet printing.

[0075] In the horizontal direction, the side surface of the top cell 10 and the side surface of the bottom cell can have a first distance, and the value of the first distance can be less than or equal to 0.5 mm. If viewed from the top of the tandem cell, in the horizontal direction, the side surface of the bottom cell extends outward from the side surface of the top cell by the first distance. The thickness of the encapsulation layer 40 can be the first distance.

[0076] The embodiment, as shown in the figure, trims the side surface of the top cell 10, which can clean up the problems such as unevenness, discontinuity and too many holes in the edge area of the perovskite top cell, and at the same time, the top cell is recessed relative to the bottom cell, which facilitates the overflow of the encapsulation glue to the side surface of the composite layer 20 and the side surface and back surface of the bottom cell 30 during the gluing and encapsulation. Figures 1-3 The embodiment, as shown in the figure, trims the side surface of the top cell 10, which can clean up the problems such as unevenness, discontinuity and too many holes in the edge area of the perovskite top cell, and at the same time, the top cell is recessed relative to the bottom cell, which facilitates the overflow of the encapsulation glue to the side surface of the composite layer 20 and the side surface and back surface of the bottom cell 30 during the gluing and encapsulation.

[0077] The embodiment forms a space containing encapsulation material by means of the edge cleaning process of the perovskite battery, does not increase the original process, is suitable for the preparation of 2T, 3T and 4T perovskite silicon laminated batteries, is simple to implement, and is conducive to industrialization and popularization.

[0078] In another embodiment, the side of the top cell 10 is edge cleaned, including: edge cleaning the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, so that in the horizontal direction, the side of the bottom cell 30 extends outward by a first distance based on the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20.

[0079] As shown in the embodiment of the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, the edge area of the perovskite top cell and the composite layer 20 can be cleaned to solve the problems of unevenness, discontinuity, and excessive holes, and the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed relative to the bottom cell 30, avoiding overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, the edge area of the perovskite top cell and the composite layer 20 can be cleaned to solve the problems of unevenness, discontinuity, and excessive holes, and the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed relative to the bottom cell 30, avoiding overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation.

[0080] In another embodiment, the encapsulation layer 40 is prepared on the area of the front surface of the top cell 10 except the front surface electrode 105 and the side of the top cell 10, including: preparing the encapsulation layer 40 on the area of the front surface of the top cell 10 except the front surface electrode 105, the side of the top cell 10, and the side of the composite layer 20.

[0081] As shown in the embodiment of the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, the edge area of the perovskite top cell and the composite layer 20 can be cleaned to solve the problems of unevenness, discontinuity, and excessive holes, and the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed relative to the bottom cell 30, avoiding overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation. Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, the edge area of the perovskite top cell and the composite layer 20 can be cleaned to solve the problems of unevenness, discontinuity, and excessive holes, and the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed relative to the bottom cell 30, avoiding overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation.

[0082] As shown in the embodiment of the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, the edge area of the perovskite top cell and the composite layer 20 can be cleaned to solve the problems of unevenness, discontinuity, and excessive holes, and the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed relative to the bottom cell 30, avoiding overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation.

[0083] Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of the side of the top cell 10 and the side of the composite layer 20, the edge area of the perovskite top cell and the composite layer 20 can be cleaned to solve the problems of unevenness, discontinuity, and excessive holes, and the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are recessed relative to the bottom cell 30, avoiding overflow of the encapsulation glue to the back of the bottom cell 30 during gluing and encapsulation.

[0084] Figures 6-8 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perovskite laminated solar cell preparation process provided by an exemplary embodiment. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the top cell 10, the composite layer 20, and the bottom cell 30 have been prepared.​Figure 7 In the embodiment, the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are trimmed by laser, so that the top cell 10 and the composite layer 20 are retracted a distance relative to the bottom cell 30 in the horizontal direction. Figure 8 In the embodiment, the encapsulation layer 40 is formed on the top surface and the side surface of the top cell 10 by inkjet printing, coating, deposition, etc. Among them, the encapsulation layer 40 can be patterned based on the position and size of the front electrode 105 of the top cell 10, and the area of the front electrode 105 is avoided, and the coverage of the encapsulation layer is based on the patterning.

[0085] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above-described embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0086] In addition, it should be noted that each specific technical feature described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described again in the present disclosure.

[0087] Furthermore, any combination of various different embodiments of the present disclosure can also be made, as long as it does not deviate from the idea of the present disclosure, and it should also be considered as disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A perovskite tandem solar cell, characterized by, The perovskite tandem solar cell includes a top cell (10), a composite layer (20), a bottom cell (30), and an encapsulation layer (40), the composite layer (20) is arranged between the top cell (10) and the bottom cell (30), and the encapsulation layer (40) covers the area of the front side of the top cell (10) except the front electrode (105) and covers the side of the top cell (10).

2. The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein The encapsulation layer (40) also covers the side of the composite layer (20).

3. The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 2, wherein The encapsulation layer (40) also covers the side of the bottom cell (30). 4.The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein In the horizontal direction, the side of the bottom cell (30) extends outward by a first distance based on the side of the top cell (10).

5. The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 4, wherein In the horizontal direction, the side of the top cell (10) and the side of the composite layer (20) are aligned.

6. The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 4, wherein The first distance is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

7. The perovskite tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The material of the encapsulation layer (40) is ultraviolet curing glue. 8.The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein In the direction from the composite layer (20) to the front electrode (105), the top cell (10) includes a hole transport layer (101), a perovskite layer (102), an electron transport layer (103), a conductive layer (104), and a front electrode (105) in sequence, and the hole transport layer (101) is a nickel oxide and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) double-layer structure. 9.The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein The composite layer (20) is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer.

10. The perovskite tandem solar cell of claim 1, wherein In the direction from the back of the bottom cell (30) to the composite layer (20), the bottom cell (30) includes a back electrode (306), a silicon nitride layer (301), an aluminum oxide layer (302), a P-type passivation layer (303), a substrate (304), and an N-type passivation layer (305) in sequence.

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