Roller bit suitable for soft and hard strata

Abstract

The utility model provides a roller bit suitable for soft and hard strata, which belongs to the technical field of drill bits and comprises a bit leg provided with a bit leg journal and a roller sleeved on the bit leg journal, a bearing cavity is formed between the roller and the bit leg journal, and an oil injection hole for injecting oil into a bearing and a steel ball of the roller is arranged on the bit leg journal. An oil storage balance structure communicated with the oil injection hole is arranged in the tooth palm, and an adjusting valve body used for adjusting the flow of the oil injection hole is arranged in the oil storage balance structure. Due to the fact that the oil injection holes are formed in the positions corresponding to the shaft neck steel ball hole and the bearing, grease in the oil storage balance structure can enter the shaft neck steel ball hole and the bearing at the same time, on one hand, a better lubricating effect can be achieved, and a lubricating blind area is prevented; on the other hand, the steel ball and the bearing can be lubricated and cooled at the same time; meanwhile, the adjusting valve body can adjust the flow of grease entering the oil injection hole according to the hardness of the current stratum.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of drill bit, especially suitable for the roller bit of soft and hard stratum. BACKGROUND

[0002] The traditional roller bit generally adopts the combination of sliding bearing and O-shaped rubber sealing ring, and its lubrication depends on the static oil storage cavity and is realized by passive leakage. However, under the condition of high rotating speed, the oil is easily thrown out of the bearing cavity due to centrifugal force, which causes the lubricating oil to be consumed too fast. When the lubricating oil is consumed, dry friction occurs between the roller and the journal, which accelerates the aging of the sealing ring.

[0003] In the traditional roller bit, the oil hole is designed in a single mode (only arranged in the axial direction), the oil distribution is uneven, and there is still a lubrication blind area at the edge of the roller cavity. Meanwhile, in the traditional roller bit, the flow of lubricating oil in the oil hole cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the hardness of the current stratum, which causes the flow of lubricating oil in the oil hole to be the same in hard stratum and soft bottom layer, resulting in the waste of lubricating oil. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problems to be solved by the utility model are that the traditional roller bit oil hole involves a single mode and has a lubrication blind area, and the flow of lubricating oil in the oil hole cannot be adjusted according to the hardness of the stratum.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model of a roller bit suitable for soft and hard stratum is as follows:

[0006] A roller bit suitable for soft and hard stratum comprises a shoe provided with a shoe journal and a roller sleeved on the shoe journal, a bearing cavity is formed between the roller and the shoe journal, the shoe journal is provided with an oil injection hole for injecting oil into the bearing and the steel ball of the roller, an oil storage balance structure is arranged in the shoe and communicates with the oil injection hole, and an adjusting valve body for adjusting the flow of the oil injection hole is arranged in the oil storage balance structure.

[0007] The further improvement of the utility model technical scheme is that the inner wall of the roller is provided with a roller steel ball hole arranged in a ring shape for placing the steel ball, the outer wall of the shoe journal is provided with a journal steel ball hole arranged in a ring shape and matched with the roller steel ball hole, the oil injection hole for injecting oil into the steel ball communicates with the journal steel ball hole, a placement hole communicating with the roller steel ball hole is arranged on the roller, and a plug pin is matched with the outer end of the placement hole.

[0008] The further improvement of the utility model technical scheme is that the inner wall of the roller is further embedded with a bearing matched with the shoe journal, the shoe journal is provided with the oil injection hole at the position corresponding to the bearing, and the outer side of the bearing is provided with a sealing ring for sealing the bearing cavity.

[0009] The further improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model lies in that the oil storage balance structure comprises an oil storage cavity arranged in the toothed palm, and an oil hole is arranged in the shaft neck of the toothed palm and is communicated with the oil storage cavity and the oil injection hole; wherein, the outer end of the oil storage cavity is provided with a first plug, and the oil storage cavity is provided with a first piston which can move along the oil storage cavity, and a first spring is arranged between the first piston and the first plug.

[0010] The further improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model lies in that the oil hole extends to the toothed palm and penetrates the toothed palm, and the oil hole and the oil storage cavity form a "I" shaped structure.

[0011] The further improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model lies in that the adjusting valve body comprises a second plug located at the end of the oil hole and a valve core which can move in the oil hole, and the second plug and the valve core are connected through a second spring; wherein, the second plug is located at the end of the oil hole in the toothed palm, and the valve core is located at the intersection of the oil hole and the oil storage cavity.

[0012] The further improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model lies in that the valve core comprises a second piston which is connected with the second spring and is located at the intersection of the oil hole and the oil storage cavity, and a conical head is fixedly connected to the end of the second piston away from the second spring.

[0013] The further improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model lies in that the bimetallic strip is vertically arranged on the side of the oil storage cavity close to the second plug, and the top end of the bimetallic strip extends upward into the second piston; wherein, the passive layer of the bimetallic strip is attached to the side of the oil storage cavity close to the second plug, and a slot matched with the bimetallic strip is arranged on the side wall of the second piston.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the technical progress achieved by the utility model is that:

[0015] The utility model discloses that the oil injection hole is arranged at the positions corresponding to the shaft neck steel ball hole and the bearing, so that the grease in the oil storage balance structure can enter the shaft neck steel ball hole and the bearing simultaneously, on the one hand, better lubrication effect can be achieved, and the existence of the lubrication blind area is prevented; on the other hand, the steel ball and the bearing can be lubricated and cooled simultaneously; meanwhile, the adjusting valve body in the utility model can adjust the flow of the grease entering the oil injection hole according to the hardness of the current stratum.

[0016] When the utility model is applied, the temperature of the toothed wheel and the toothed palm is increased due to the continuous friction between the toothed wheel and the stratum; when the temperature of the toothed palm is increased, the bimetallic strip is bent towards the passive layer, thereby pushing the valve core to move towards the second spring, at this time, the second spring is compressed, and the guide hole and the oil hole partially overlap or completely overlap and communicate, and the grease in the oil storage cavity flows into the bearing cavity through the oil hole and the oil injection hole under the action of the first spring and the first piston.

[0017] The utility model discloses a roller bit is applied to hard ground, because the friction between roller bit and ground is bigger, thus the roller temperature of the utility model application in hard ground is greater than the roller temperature of the utility model application in soft bottom layer, and the higher temperature, the greater the deformation of bimetallic strip, the higher the bending degree, the more the overlapping part of through hole and oil hole, the greater the opening of through hole, and the more the grease in the oil hole and oil injection hole. Therefore, more grease can be provided to the bearing cavity in hard ground, and the lubricating effect is improved, and less grease is provided in soft bottom layer, thereby saving grease. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is the structure schematic diagram of the roller bit suitable for soft and hard ground provided by the utility model embodiment;

[0019] Figure 2 It is the structure schematic diagram of the toothed palm and toothed palm axle neck of the roller bit suitable for soft and hard ground provided by the utility model embodiment;

[0020] Figure 3 It is the structure schematic diagram of the roller bit suitable for soft and hard ground provided by the utility model embodiment; Figure 2 The section structure schematic diagram of;

[0021] Figure 4 It is the section structure schematic diagram of the roller of the roller bit suitable for soft and hard ground provided by the utility model embodiment.

[0022] In the drawing, 1, roller;11, roller steel ball hole;12, placing hole;13, bearing;14, sealing ring;

[0023] 2, toothed palm;21, toothed palm axle neck;22, oil injection hole;23, axle neck steel ball hole;

[0024] 3, oil storage balance structure;31, oil storage cavity;32, oil passage hole;33, first plug;34, first piston;35, first spring;36, oil storage hole;

[0025] 4, regulating valve body;41, regulating hole;42, valve core;43, second spring;44, through hole;45, cavity;46, bimetallic strip;47, plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the utility model more clear and obvious, the utility model is further explained in detail below in combination with specific implementation manners and referring to the drawings. In the following description, the description of known structure and technology is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the utility model.

[0027] Reference Figure 1It can be known that the roller bit in the embodiment comprises the leg 2, the leg shaft neck 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the leg 2, and the leg shaft neck 21 is arranged at an angle of 30-60 degrees with the leg 2, and the roller 1 is rotatably connected to the leg shaft neck 21.

[0028] In the embodiment, the leg shaft neck 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the leg 2. Figures 2-4 It can be known that the roller 1 is sleeved on the leg shaft neck 21 through the bearing 13, and the bearing cavity is formed between the roller 1 and the leg shaft neck 21. The bearing 13 can be a ball bearing 13 or a roller bearing 13 commonly used in the prior art. Meanwhile, a circle of steel balls is arranged at a position above the bearing 13 between the leg shaft neck 21 and the roller 1. The arrangement of the steel balls can prevent the roller 1 from moving up and down along the leg shaft neck 21. In the embodiment, in order to facilitate the arrangement of the steel balls, the inner wall of the roller 1 is provided with a ring-shaped roller ball hole 11 for placing the steel balls at the position corresponding to the steel balls. Meanwhile, the outer wall of the leg shaft neck 21 is provided with a ring-shaped shaft neck ball hole 23 for placing the steel balls at the position corresponding to the steel balls. When the roller 1 and the leg shaft neck 21 are connected together, the roller ball hole 11 and the shaft neck ball hole 23 cooperatively form a circular groove, and the steel balls are located in the circular groove.

[0029] In order to facilitate the arrangement of the steel balls in the circular groove, the roller 1 is provided with a placing hole 12 which is in communication with the roller ball hole 11. Meanwhile, in order to prevent foreign matters from entering the roller bit through the placing hole 12 when the roller bit is used, a plug pin is arranged at the outer end of the placing hole 12. Specifically, the plug pin can be inserted into the placing hole 12. In order to prevent the plug pin from falling off during the rotation of the roller bit, the plug pin and the roller 1 can be welded together after the plug pin is inserted into the placing hole 12.

[0030] After the leg 2 and the roller 1 are assembled in the embodiment, the bearing cavity is formed between the outer wall of the leg shaft neck 21 and the inner hole of the roller 1. In order to facilitate the sealing of the bearing cavity and prevent the leakage of grease in the bearing cavity, the sealing ring 14 for sealing the bearing cavity is arranged at a position below the bearing 13 in the bearing cavity.

[0031] Meanwhile, in order to lubricate and cool the bearing 13 and the steel balls when the roller bit is used, the oil storage balance structure 3 is arranged in the leg 2 in the utility model. Referring to Figure 3 It can be known that the oil storage balance structure 3 in the embodiment specifically comprises the oil storage cavity 31 which is arranged in the leg 2. The outer end of the oil storage cavity 31 is fixedly provided with the plug 33, and the connection mode of the plug 33 and the leg 2 is the same as that of the plug pin and the roller 1. Meanwhile, the oil storage cavity 31 is provided with the piston 34 which can move up and down in the oil storage cavity 31. The piston 34 and the plug pin are connected together through the spring 35. In order to enhance the airtightness between the piston 34 and the inner wall of the oil storage cavity 31, the O-shaped sealing ring is sleeved on the piston 34.

[0032] The oil passage hole 32 is formed in the toothed palm shaft neck 21 and communicates with the oil storage cavity 31.

[0033] The oil injection hole 22 is formed in the toothed palm shaft neck 21 and communicates with the oil passage hole 32.

[0034] The adjusting valve body 4 is arranged in the toothed palm 2 and is used for adjusting the flow of the oil injection hole 22. Figure 3 The adjusting valve body 4 comprises the adjusting hole 41 which is horizontally formed in the toothed palm 2 and intersects with the oil passage hole 32. Figure 3 The adjusting hole 41 is located outside the oil passage hole 32 and is provided with the cavity 45 which communicates with the adjusting hole 41. Figure 3 The other end of the valve core 42 is connected with the end of the adjusting hole 41 which is located inside the oil passage hole 32 through the second spring 43.

[0035] The working principle of the toothed roller bit suitable for soft and hard strata is as follows:

[0036] Firstly, the toothed roller 1 and the toothed palm shaft neck 21 are matched and installed together.

[0037] Then the oil is injected into the oil storage cavity 31, and the oil enters the circular groove and the bearing 13 through the oil storage cavity 31 and the oil passage hole 32, so that the steel ball and the bearing 13 are lubricated and cooled, until the bearing cavity between the roller 1 and the shaft neck 21 of the leg is fully filled with oil, and the oil storage cavity 31 is filled with oil; then the valve core 42, the second spring 43 and the second plug 41 are sequentially placed in the oil passage hole 32, so that the second piston 421 of the valve core 42 is located at the intersection of the oil passage hole 32 and the oil storage cavity 31, thereby closing the communication between the oil passage hole 32 and the oil storage cavity 31 through the second piston 421, and the second plug 41 and the leg 2 are fixed; then the first piston 34, the first spring 35 and the second plug 33 are sequentially placed in the oil storage cavity 31, at this time the piston 34 is in contact with the oil in the oil storage cavity 31, and the spring 35 is in the limit compression state.

[0038] Before the utility model is used, the bimetallic strip 46 is in a vertical state, the second spring 43 is in a relaxed state, and the through hole 44 on the valve core 42 is staggered with the oil passage hole 32, at this time the oil passage hole 32 is closed by the valve core 42, and the oil in the oil storage cavity 31 cannot enter the oil passage hole 32.

[0039] When the utility model is applied, the temperature of the roller 1 and the leg 2 is increased due to the continuous friction between the roller bit and the stratum, and the temperature of the leg 2 is increased, so that the bimetallic strip 46 is bent to the passive layer, thereby pushing the valve core 42 to move to the direction of the second spring 43, at this time the second spring 43 is compressed, and the through hole 44 is partially overlapped and communicated with the oil passage hole 32, and the oil in the oil storage cavity 31 flows into the bearing cavity through the oil passage hole 32 and the oil injection hole 22 under the action of the compressed first spring 35 and the first piston 34.

[0040] When the utility model is applied to hard stratum, the temperature of the roller (generally 250-350 DEG C) when the utility model is applied to hard stratum is greater than the temperature of the roller (generally 180-250 DEG C) when the utility model is applied to soft bottom layer, the higher the temperature, the greater the deformation of the bimetallic strip 46, the higher the bending degree, the more the overlapping part of the through hole 44 and the oil passage hole 32, the greater the opening of the through hole 44, and the more the oil flowing into the oil passage hole 32 and the oil injection hole 22. Therefore, more oil can be provided to the bearing cavity in hard stratum, and the lubrication effect is improved; less oil is provided in soft bottom layer, thereby saving oil.

[0041] When the first spring 35 or the second spring 43 needs to be replaced, the first plug 33 or the plug 47 can be removed, and then the first spring 35 or the second spring 43 is replaced.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the toothed roller bit suitable for soft and hard strata is provided, oil injection holes are arranged at positions corresponding to the shaft neck steel ball holes and the bearings, therefore, the grease in the oil storage balance structure can enter the shaft neck steel ball holes and the bearings simultaneously, on the one hand, better lubrication effect can be achieved, and the lubrication blind area can be prevented; on the other hand, the steel ball and the bearing can be lubricated and cooled simultaneously; meanwhile, the adjusting valve body can adjust the flow of the grease entering the oil injection hole according to the hardness of the current stratum.

[0043] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present application. Various modifications and improvements to the technical solution of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application, and the technical content of the present application claimed for protection has been fully recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations, comprising a toothed plate (2) with a toothed plate journal (21), and a roller cone (1) sleeved on the toothed plate journal (21), wherein a bearing cavity is formed between the roller cone (1) and the toothed plate journal (21), characterized in that: The journal (21) of the cone has an oil injection hole (22) for injecting oil into the bearing (13) and steel balls of the cone (1), and an oil storage and balance structure (3) communicating with the oil injection hole (22) is provided in the cone (2). An adjusting valve body (4) for adjusting the flow rate of the oil injection hole (22) is provided in the oil storage and balance structure (3), and a bimetallic strip (46) for assisting in adjusting the opening degree of the adjusting valve body (4) is provided in the cone (1).

2. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular cone steel ball hole (11) for placing steel balls is formed in the inner wall of the cone (1), and an annular journal steel ball hole (23) mating with the cone steel ball hole (11) is provided on the outer wall of the journal (21) of the cone. Among them, the oil injection hole (22) for injecting oil into the steel balls is communicated with the journal steel ball hole (23), and a placement hole (12) communicating with the cone steel ball hole (11) is formed in the cone (1). A plug pin is fitted at the outer end of the placement hole (12).

3. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing (13) mating with the journal (21) of the cone is also embedded in the inner wall of the cone (1), and the oil injection hole (22) is formed at a position corresponding to the bearing (13) in the journal (21) of the cone. A sealing ring (14) for sealing the bearing cavity is provided on the outer side of the bearing (13).

4. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil storage and balance structure (3) includes an oil storage cavity (31) formed in the cone (2), and an oil through hole (32) communicating with the oil storage cavity (31) and the oil injection hole (22) is formed in the journal (21) of the cone. Among them, a first pin plug (33) is provided at the outer end of the oil storage cavity (31), a first piston (34) capable of moving along the oil storage cavity (31) is provided in the oil storage cavity (31), and a first spring (35) is provided between the first piston (34) and the first pin plug (33).

5. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the oil storage cavity (31) is communicated with the oil through hole (32) through an oil storage hole (36), and the oil storage hole (36) and the oil through hole (32) intersect to form an "I" - shaped structure.

6. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations according to claim 5, characterized in that: An adjusting hole (41) intersecting with the oil through hole (32) is formed in the cone (2), a valve core (42) capable of moving along the adjusting hole (41) is provided in the adjusting hole (41), and a through - guide hole (44) is formed in the valve core (42). Among them, a cavity (45) is formed at one end of the adjusting hole (41), a bimetallic strip (46) connected to the end of the valve core (42) is provided in the cavity (45), and a second spring (43) is provided between the other end of the valve core (42) and the end of the adjusting hole (41).

7. A roller cone drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The passive layer of the bimetallic strip (46) is in contact with the end of the valve core (42).

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