Separated multifunctional assembly type roof structure
By installing a one-way air outlet mechanism for elevator shafts and a large-span multi-functional structural layer on the building roof, combined with a roof drainage system, the problems of poor roof ventilation and leakage in hot regions are solved, achieving heat insulation, ventilation and cooling, and waterproofing effects, while reducing maintenance frequency and construction difficulty.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing building roofs are prone to problems such as poor ventilation, leakage, and high maintenance costs in hot regions. Furthermore, the close contact between the insulation layer and the concrete protective layer makes them susceptible to cracking and water seepage, making it difficult to effectively waterproof and insulate.
The structure adopts a split, multi-functional prefabricated roof structure. Cool air from the elevator shaft is introduced into the mezzanine through a one-way air outlet mechanism. Combined with a large-span multi-functional structural layer and a roof drainage system, it achieves heat insulation, ventilation and cooling, and waterproofing functions. The structural rigidity is enhanced by prefabricated planar composite beams and concrete composite slabs.
It effectively reduces cracking of the roof envelope, prevents leakage, improves ventilation, reduces maintenance frequency, and achieves energy saving, environmental protection, heat insulation, waterproofing and protection. It is suitable for roof greening, is aesthetically pleasing and easy to maintain later.
Smart Images
Figure CN224063763U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of building technology, and in particular to a modular, multifunctional prefabricated roof structure. Background Technology
[0002] As an important component of buildings, the roof of a building undertakes multiple functions, including structural support and load-bearing, waterproofing and protection, thermal insulation, ventilation and air exchange, environmental protection and sustainability, and diverse uses. These functions not only concern the practicality and safety of the building, but also affect its aesthetics and environmental adaptability, so it is necessary to ensure its construction quality.
[0003] In hot regions, ventilated and cooling roofs are roofs with a ventilation layer incorporated into the roof structure. This ventilation layer serves to achieve heat insulation and cooling. The height of the ventilation layer is generally between 10 and 30 centimeters. It is usually formed by a matrix of supporting bricks and small precast thin panels (generally about 0.6m in size), creating airflow channels that are directly supported on the building's roof envelope. However, the joints of the small precast thin panels are prone to cracking, allowing water to enter the ventilation layer. Furthermore, the densely packed supporting bricks (matching the size of the small precast thin panels) obstruct airflow, resulting in poor ventilation. In addition, the dust accumulated on the roof envelope cannot be cleaned, ultimately leading to poor roof drainage and leaks, resulting in high maintenance costs.
[0004] Commonly used heat-insulating and cooling roofs refer to roofs with heat insulation measures implemented to reduce the impact of roof heat on the interior during summer. In hot regions, a heat insulation layer is generally required. This heat insulation layer is in close contact with the upper concrete protective layer (which bears the main functions of roof drainage) and the lower waterproofing layers, without any gaps. It is directly supported on the building's roof envelope layer, layer by layer. Because the concrete protective layer of this structure is prone to cracking and water seepage into the heat insulation layer, water accumulation and failure can occur. After the waterproofing layer and structure crack, water leakage problems will occur, and it is difficult to repair and stop the water leakage on the concrete protective layer of the roof.
[0005] Building roofs serve multiple functions, requiring compliance with structural safety requirements while also balancing energy conservation, environmental protection, thermal insulation, ventilation, cooling, waterproofing, greening, and aesthetics – a challenging task. Strict control over the construction of building roof envelopes is crucial, particularly regarding waterproofing, insulation, and cooling. While high-quality materials and proper construction methods are typically used to prevent and address these issues, roof leaks still occur. After a period of use, complex factors such as structural cracking, design flaws, improper material selection, construction defects, waterproofing failure, water ingress due to broken insulation layers, water accumulation in insulated areas, water accumulation in greening areas, and temperature-induced cracking of various materials can lead to leaks and water accumulation, resulting in common roof leakage problems that are difficult to repair and eradicate completely. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a modular, multi-functional prefabricated roof structure and its construction method that can meet the requirements of structural safety, while also taking into account energy conservation and environmental protection, thermal insulation, ventilation and cooling, waterproofing and protection, and roof greening. It can eliminate the need for a waterproof layer on the roof enclosure structure, effectively reduce cracking of the building roof enclosure structure, prevent water accumulation on the enclosure structure, facilitate later maintenance, and reduce the frequency of repairs.
[0007] This utility model of a separable, multi-functional prefabricated roof structure is implemented as follows:
[0008] The structure includes a combination of heat insulation, ventilation and cooling, and waterproofing functions installed on the roof with elevator shafts. The combination structure includes a building envelope structural layer, short columns, a multi-functional structural layer, a parapet wall, a one-way air outlet mechanism for the elevator shaft, and a roof drainage system. There are several short columns installed on the roof of the building envelope structural layer corresponding to the top of the building's supporting columns. The multi-functional structural layer is a concrete layer installed on the short columns, forming a mezzanine between the multi-functional structural layer and the roof. The one-way air outlet mechanism for the elevator shaft, which ventilates one-way from the elevator shaft to the mezzanine, is installed on the one-way air outlet of the elevator shaft wall corresponding to the mezzanine, connecting the elevator shaft and the mezzanine. The openings on the four sides of the mezzanine are ventilation openings. The parapet wall is located around the multi-functional structural layer. The inlet end of the drain pipe of the roof drainage system is located above the multi-functional structural layer.
[0009] This invention utilizes the cool air in the elevator shaft. Through a one-way air outlet mechanism in the elevator shaft, the cool air is directed unidirectionally to the mezzanine. Since the mezzanine is located at the top of the building, its air pressure is lower than that in the elevator shaft. By utilizing the pressure difference, the cool air from the elevator shaft can be introduced into the mezzanine, thereby reducing the temperature inside the mezzanine. Due to the presence of the mezzanine and its cooling function, heat from the roof cannot be transferred to the building below, achieving the effects of heat insulation, ventilation, and cooling. Furthermore, as the elevator car rises, it can also compress the cool air in the elevator shaft and inject it into the mezzanine through the one-way air outlet, further reducing the temperature inside the mezzanine.
[0010] The aforementioned mezzanine allows maintenance personnel to enter through maintenance holes to perform maintenance tasks such as cleaning, ventilation, dust removal, replacement of potentially damaged insulation boards, and repair of leaks in the multi-functional structural layer.
[0011] The aforementioned short columns are used to support the multifunctional structural layer. Their spacing is consistent with the building's bay and depth. The large-span independent columns can increase airflow inside the cavity and improve the ventilation effect inside the cavity.
[0012] The roof drainage system consists of drainage risers, an upper drainage inlet, and a lower drainage inlet. The upper drainage inlet is responsible for draining water from the multi-functional structural layer, while the lower drainage inlet is responsible for draining very small amounts of leakage (if any) and water used for maintenance and cleaning.
[0013] Preferably, the short column is in the shape of a frustum or a trapezoidal frustum.
[0014] Preferably, the multifunctional structural layer consists of a precast planar composite beam, beam-side heat insulation board, concrete composite slab, heat insulation board located below the concrete composite slab, and cast-in-place concrete layer located on the surface of the concrete composite slab. The precast planar composite beam is frame-shaped and set on short columns. The beam-side heat insulation board is set on the inner side of the precast planar composite beam. The heat insulation board is set below the concrete composite slab, and the cast-in-place concrete layer is set on top of the concrete composite slab.
[0015] The insulation panels on the beam sides and below protect the interlayer from external heat radiation.
[0016] Precast planar composite beams enhance the rigidity of the multifunctional structural layer;
[0017] The cast-in-place concrete layer of the surface layer makes the upper surface of the multifunctional structural layer smooth and beautiful.
[0018] Preferably, the elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism consists of a door cover, a buffer strip, and a cover hinge. One side of the elevator shaft one-way air outlet is connected to the mezzanine, and the other side is connected to the elevator shaft. When the elevator car is moving upward, the door cover automatically opens to actively supply air into the cavity for ventilation and cooling. When the elevator car is moving downward, the door cover automatically closes.
[0019] The construction method of this utility model for a split, multi-functional prefabricated roof structure is as follows:
[0020] S1: When the building construction reaches the building enclosure structure, the building enclosure structure shall be constructed in accordance with the normal construction method of prefabricated composite slabs, and the roof cast-in-place structure shall be sloped and the longitudinal reinforcement of the vertical structure shall be reserved. Before the structural concrete of the building enclosure structure is finally set, the roof surface shall be treated by grouting and polishing to meet the requirements of natural drainage, and the acceptance shall be carried out until it is qualified.
[0021] S2: After the grouting and polishing surface of the building envelope roof reaches a certain strength that allows for continued construction, the short columns will be constructed. During construction, the grouting and polishing surface of the roof around the short columns needs to be protected with boards until all the side formwork of the short columns is removed. The elevator shaft wall is constructed at the same time, and a one-way air outlet for the elevator shaft is left.
[0022] S3: Clean debris from the building envelope structure surface and rinse the surface with water;
[0023] S4: Use a tower crane to hoist the prefabricated planar composite beams with heat insulation panels one by one, place them on the corresponding short columns, and perform correction and acceptance until they pass the test;
[0024] S5: Use a tower crane to hoist the concrete composite slabs with heat insulation boards one by one, place them on the precast planar composite beams, and check and accept them until they pass the test.
[0025] S6: According to the design requirements, install the concrete composite slab that has been hoisted and placed, tie the floor slab reinforcement and beam reinforcement cage, and inspect it until it is qualified;
[0026] S7: Pour the cast-in-place concrete layer and set the slope of the cast-in-place concrete layer. Before the cast-in-place concrete layer is fully set, the surface of the cast-in-place concrete layer is treated by the method of grouting and smoothing to meet the requirements of natural drainage. After acceptance, the structure above the multi-functional structural layer is constructed.
[0027] S8: Construct the masonry around the building's enclosing structure to the multi-functional structural layer, install ventilation windows, conduct acceptance inspection until qualified, and construct the interior and exterior wall decoration layers of the building;
[0028] S9: Enter through the inspection port to install the elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism, install the roof drainage system, test with water and rinse the surface of the building envelope structure with water again.
[0029] Because of the use of a large-span (3m~6m) elevated multi-functional structural layer, the building envelope can be effectively shaded, making the building envelope indoors and thus avoiding direct erosion of the building envelope by the natural environment.
[0030] Because the horizontal spacing between the supporting columns of the multifunctional structural layer and the building envelope is large, it does not affect the ventilation inside the cavity.
[0031] The multifunctional structural layer undertakes functions such as structural support and load-bearing, waterproofing and protection, thermal insulation, ventilation and air exchange, roof greening, environmental protection and sustainability, diverse uses, and aesthetics, and allows for a certain degree of leakage in the multifunctional structural layer.
[0032] The building envelope structure mainly undertakes functions such as building enclosure and secondary drainage (cleaning sewage).
[0033] By introducing the air from the elevator shaft into the cavity in one direction, the air inside the cavity is actively disturbed. This works in conjunction with the natural ventilation entering through the ventilation windows (louvers) to ensure continuous ventilation, cooling, and evaporation of any small amount of water that may have leaked out.
[0034] When the elevator car is moving upwards, the door cover automatically opens and actively supplies air into the cavity, reducing the air pressure resistance inside the elevator shaft, saving daily operating electricity costs, and being energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
[0035] The aforementioned structural support and load-bearing capacity refer to the fact that the roof is an important component of the building's load-bearing structure, and it must have sufficient load-bearing capacity to withstand its own weight as well as external loads such as wind, snow pressure, and rainwater.
[0036] The aforementioned waterproofing and protection refers to the need for the roof to prevent rainwater, snowmelt, and other moisture from entering the building's interior, maintaining a dry indoor environment. This involves the selection of waterproofing materials and the application of construction techniques.
[0037] The aforementioned thermal insulation and heat insulation refer to the thermal insulation and heat insulation performance of the roof. In this case, a method of combining shading with heat insulation materials is used to reduce heat loss or maintain a suitable indoor temperature and improve energy utilization efficiency.
[0038] The ventilation and air exchange mentioned above refer to the fact that some roofs allow air to flow, such as ventilated roofs, which help improve indoor air quality and regulate indoor humidity.
[0039] The aforementioned environmental protection and sustainability refer to the increasing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainability in modern roof design. For example, green roofs (planted roofs) can absorb rainwater and reduce the urban heat island effect.
[0040] The aforementioned functional diversity refers to the fact that different types of buildings may require roofs with different functions, such as flat roofs that can be used as drying yards or leisure spaces.
[0041] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model provides a building structure that can meet structural safety requirements while also taking into account energy conservation and environmental protection, thermal insulation, ventilation and cooling, waterproofing and protection, and roof greening. It eliminates the need for a waterproof layer on the roof enclosure structure, effectively reduces cracking of the building roof enclosure structure, avoids water accumulation on the enclosure structure, facilitates later maintenance, and reduces the frequency of repairs. Attached Figure Description
[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the modular multi-functional prefabricated roof structure of this utility model;
[0043] Figure 2 A structural diagram of the roof structure for the process of casting short columns;
[0044] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of the roof structure for the installation of precast planar composite beams;
[0045] Figure 4 A structural diagram of the roof structure for the process of installing composite concrete slabs;
[0046] Figure 5 A structural diagram of the roof structure during the process of pouring the cast-in-place concrete layer for the surface layer;
[0047] Figure 6 A structural diagram of the roof structure for construction of multi-functional structural layers and above;
[0048] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a one-way air outlet mechanism in an elevator shaft.
[0049] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an elevator shaft structure for installing a one-way air outlet mechanism in the elevator shaft;
[0050] Figure 9 A structural schematic diagram of a precast planar composite beam in the shape of an ulna and its corresponding concrete composite slab;
[0051] Figure 10 A structural schematic diagram of a field-shaped precast planar composite beam and its corresponding concrete composite slab;
[0052] Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of a precast planar composite beam in the shape of the sun and its corresponding concrete composite slab.
[0053] Explanation of icon numbers:
[0054] A-Combined structure; 1-Elevator shaft; 101-Wall; 102-One-way air outlet of elevator shaft; 2-Roof; 3-Building envelope structure; 4-Short column; 5-Multi-functional structural layer; 501-Precast planar composite beam; 502-Beam side insulation board; 503-Concrete composite slab; 504-Insulation board; 505-Cast-in-place concrete layer; 6-Parapet wall; 7-Ventilation window; 8-One-way air outlet mechanism of elevator shaft; 801-Door cover plate; 802-Buffer strip; 803-Cover plate hinge; 9-Roof drainage system; 10-Building support column; 11-Mezzanine; 12-Stairwell. Detailed Implementation
[0055] The present invention, a separable multifunctional prefabricated roof structure and its construction method, will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
[0056] As shown in the figure, this utility model of a split multifunctional prefabricated roof structure includes a combined structure A with heat insulation, ventilation and cooling, and waterproofing functions, installed on a roof 2 with an elevator shaft 1. The combined structure A includes a building envelope structure 3, short columns 4, a multifunctional structural layer 5, a parapet wall 6, ventilation windows 7, a one-way air outlet mechanism for the elevator shaft 8, and a roof drainage system 9. Several short columns 4 are installed on the roof 2 of the building envelope structure 3, corresponding to the top of the building support columns 10. The multifunctional structural layer 5 is a concrete layer and is equipped with… On the short column 4, a mezzanine 11 is formed between the multifunctional structural layer 5 and the roof 2. A one-way air outlet mechanism 8 for unidirectional ventilation from the elevator shaft 1 to the mezzanine 11 is set on the one-way air outlet 102 of the elevator shaft 1 wall 101 corresponding to the mezzanine 11, so that the elevator shaft 1 and the mezzanine 11 are connected. The ventilation window 7 is a louvered ventilation window, which is set on the four sides of the mezzanine 11. The parapet wall 6 is located around the multifunctional structural layer 5. The inlet end of the drain pipe of the roof drainage system 9 is located on the multifunctional structural layer 5.
[0057] Preferably, the short column 4 is in the shape of a frustum or a trapezoidal frustum.
[0058] Preferably, the multifunctional structural layer 5 is composed of a precast planar composite beam 501, a beam-side heat insulation plate 502, a concrete composite slab 503, a heat insulation plate 504 located below the concrete composite slab 503, and a cast-in-place concrete layer 505 located on the surface of the concrete composite slab 503. The precast planar composite beam 501 is frame-shaped and is set on the short column 4. The beam-side heat insulation plate 502 is set on the inner side of the precast planar composite beam 501. The heat insulation plate 504 is set below the concrete composite slab 503. The cast-in-place concrete layer 505 is set on the concrete composite slab 503.
[0059] like Figure 9 As shown in Figure 11, the precast planar composite beam 501 includes a square-shaped precast planar composite beam, a sun-shaped precast planar composite beam, and a grid-shaped precast planar composite beam. The precast planar composite beams using a centering design are convenient for both precasting and installation, and can adapt to various building structures.
[0060] Preferably, such as Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism 8 consists of a door cover plate 801, a buffer rubber strip 802, and a cover plate hinge 803. The cover plate hinge 803 is fixed on the upper edge of the elevator shaft one-way air outlet 102 of the elevator shaft 1. One side of the elevator shaft one-way air outlet 102 is connected to the mezzanine 11, and the other side is connected to the elevator shaft 1.
[0061] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 6, the construction method for the separable multifunctional prefabricated roof structure of the present invention is implemented as follows:
[0062] S1: When the building construction reaches the building enclosure structure 3, the building enclosure structure 3 shall be constructed in accordance with the normal construction method of prefabricated composite slabs, and the slope setting of the cast-in-place structure of the roof 2 and the longitudinal reinforcement of the vertical structure shall be set. Before the final setting of the structural concrete of the building enclosure structure 3, the surface of the roof 2 shall be treated by the method of grouting and polishing to meet the requirements of natural drainage, and the acceptance shall be carried out until it is qualified.
[0063] S2: After the grouting and polishing surface of the roof 2 of the building envelope structure 3 reaches a certain strength that allows for continued construction, the construction of the short column 4 begins. During construction, the grouting and polishing surface of the roof 2 around the short column 4 needs to be protected with boards until all the side formwork of the short column 4 is removed. The shaft wall of the elevator shaft 1 is constructed at the same time, and a one-way air outlet 102 is left in the elevator shaft 1.
[0064] S3: Clean the debris on the roof 2 of the building envelope structure 3 and wash the surface of the roof 2 with water;
[0065] S4: Use a tower crane to hoist the precast planar composite beams 501 with beam side insulation plates 502 one by one, place them on the short columns 4 accordingly, and perform correction and acceptance until they are qualified;
[0066] S5: Use a tower crane to hoist the concrete composite slabs 503 with heat insulation boards 504 one by one, place them on the precast planar composite beams 501, and perform correction and acceptance until they pass the test.
[0067] S6: According to the design requirements, install the concrete composite slab 503 that has been hoisted and placed, tie the floor slab reinforcement and beam reinforcement cage, and inspect it until it is qualified;
[0068] S7: Pour the cast-in-place concrete layer 505 and set the slope for the cast-in-place concrete layer 505. Before the cast-in-place concrete layer 505 is fully set, the surface of the cast-in-place concrete layer 505 is treated by grouting and polishing to meet the requirements of natural drainage and is inspected and approved. Then, construct the structure above the multi-functional structural layer 5 (such as stairwell 12).
[0069] S8: Construct masonry around the building enclosure structure 3 to the multi-functional structural layer 5, install ventilation windows 7, conduct acceptance inspection until qualified, and construct the interior and exterior wall decoration surface layer of the building;
[0070] S9: Enter through the inspection port to install the elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism 8, install the roof drainage system 9, test with water and rinse the surface of the building envelope structure with water again.
Claims
1. A separated multifunctional assembly type roofing structure comprising a structure having a combination of heat insulation, ventilation cooling, and waterproofing functions provided on a roof with an elevator shaft, characterized in that, The structure of the combination comprises a building envelope structure layer, a short column, a multifunctional structure layer, a parapet, an elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism, and a roof drainage system. The short column is arranged on the roof of the building envelope structure layer corresponding to the top of the house support column. The multifunctional structure layer is a concrete layer arranged on the short column, so that a sandwich is formed between the multifunctional structure layer and the roof. The elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism is arranged on the elevator shaft one-way air outlet of the elevator shaft wall corresponding to the sandwich, so that the elevator shaft is communicated with the sandwich. The sandwich outlet on the four sides of the sandwich is an air outlet. The parapet is arranged on the periphery of the multifunctional structure layer. The inlet end of the drainage pipe of the roof drainage system is arranged above the multifunctional structure layer.
2. The separate multifunctional assembled roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multifunctional structure layer is composed of a prefabricated planar composite beam, a beam side heat insulation plate, a concrete laminated plate, a heat insulation plate arranged below the concrete laminated plate, and a cast-in-place concrete layer arranged on the surface layer of the concrete laminated plate. The prefabricated planar composite beam is in a frame shape and arranged on the short column. The beam side heat insulation plate is arranged on the inner side of the prefabricated planar composite beam. The heat insulation plate is arranged below the concrete laminated plate. The cast-in-place concrete layer is arranged above the concrete laminated plate.
3. The separate multifunctional assembled roof structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The elevator shaft one-way air outlet mechanism is composed of a door body cover plate, a buffer rubber strip, and a cover plate movable hinge. One side of the elevator shaft one-way air outlet is communicated with the sandwich, and the other side is communicated with the elevator shaft.
4. The separate multifunctional assembled roof structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The short column is in a prism platform shape or a trapezoidal platform shape.
5. The separate multifunctional assembled roof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The short column is in a prism platform shape or a trapezoidal platform shape.