Single-layer double-frequency GNSS antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to a single-layer double-frequency GNSS antenna which comprises an antenna medium and a bottom layer metal structure, a high-frequency radiation metal patch is arranged at the center position of the upper surface of the antenna medium, a low-frequency radiation metal patch is arranged on the upper surface of the antenna medium, fan-shaped metal radiation patches are arranged at the four corners of the antenna medium, and the fan-shaped metal radiation patches are arranged on the bottom layer metal structure. An arc-shaped isolation seam is arranged between the fan-shaped metal radiation patch and the low-frequency radiation metal patch; metal through hole structures are arranged on the high-frequency radiation metal patch, the low-frequency radiation metal patch and the fan-shaped metal radiation patch, and feeding points are arranged on the high-frequency radiation metal patch and the low-frequency radiation metal patch. The utility model belongs to the technical field of antennas, a high-frequency radiation metal patch and a low-frequency radiation metal patch are arranged on an antenna medium and are isolated through a non-metal gap, a double-frequency function is obtained, the size of the antenna is effectively reduced, complexity of a traditional multi-layer structure is avoided through a single-layer integrated design, and miniaturization application is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] Microstrip antennas are widely used in satellite positioning fields due to their small size, low cost and easy integration. However, with the continuous expansion of the application range of satellite positioning systems and the increasing trend of miniaturization of wireless communication equipment, high precision, multi-band, miniaturization and light weight are required for antennas. In order to meet the system requirements of multi-band, traditional positioning antennas often use industrial plastic metallization or ceramic printed silver paint to make single-frequency working antennas, and then through two-layer assembly to form a dual-frequency laminated positioning antenna. This technology will bring the problem of excessive vertical size of the antenna. Due to the limitation of terminal space, the antenna assembly clearance needs to be continuously compressed, which leads to the fact that high-performance dual-frequency cannot be realized in limited space, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of wireless communication equipment.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna.

[0005] A single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna comprises an antenna medium and a bottom metal structure, a high-frequency radiation metal patch is arranged at the center position of the upper surface of the antenna medium, the high-frequency radiation metal patch is a four-leaf clover structure composed of four blades, a low-frequency radiation metal patch is arranged on the upper surface of the antenna medium and is separated from the high-frequency radiation metal patch by a non-metal gap, and a fan-shaped metal radiation patch is arranged at each corner of the antenna medium, and an arc-shaped isolation gap is arranged between the four corners of the low-frequency radiation metal patch and the fan-shaped metal radiation patch.

[0006] A metal via structure connected with the bottom metal structure is arranged on the high-frequency radiation metal patch, the low-frequency radiation metal patch and the fan-shaped metal radiation patch, a first feeding point and a second feeding point are arranged on the high-frequency radiation metal patch, and a third feeding point and a fourth feeding point are arranged on the low-frequency radiation metal patch.

[0007] Further, the metal via structure comprises four first vias arranged on the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch, a second via arranged between adjacent two blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch on the four sides of the low-frequency radiation metal patch, and a third via arranged on the four fan-shaped metal radiation patches.

[0008] Further, the metal via structure further comprises an intermediate via connected with the bottom metal structure at the center of the high-frequency radiation metal patch.

[0009] Further, grooves are arranged between the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch, and the first feeding point and the second feeding point are arranged close to the grooves on the two sides of one blade of the high-frequency radiation metal patch.

[0010] Further, the low-frequency radiation metal patch is provided with a clearance hole corresponding to the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch, the clearance hole is provided with a protruding plate corresponding to the groove on four edges, the second via is arranged on the protruding plate, and the third feeding point and the fourth feeding point are arranged on two adjacent protruding plates.

[0011] Further, the first feeding point and the second feeding point are connected with a first PIN needle penetrating downward through the bottom metal structure.

[0012] Further, the second feeding point and the third feeding point are connected with a second PIN needle penetrating downward through the bottom metal structure.

[0013] Further, the fan-shaped metal radiation patch is a metal sheet with a quarter circle structure, and the arc-shaped isolation joint is a quarter circle arc structure.

[0014] Further, the upper surface of the antenna medium is a square structure, the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch point to the four corners of the antenna medium, and the centers of the four first vias are located on the center connecting lines of the four third vias and the intermediate via.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of the utility model, high-frequency radiation metal patches and low-frequency radiation metal patches of four-leaf clover structure are arranged on the same surface of the antenna medium, and are isolated through non-metal gaps, so that the dual-frequency function is obtained, the antenna size is effectively reduced, and the single-layer integrated design avoids the complexity of the traditional multi-layer structure, and facilitates miniaturized application.

[0017] (2) The single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of the utility model, the design of the two feeding points arranged orthogonally on the high-frequency radiation metal patch and the low-frequency radiation metal patch ensures that the low axial ratio right-hand circular polarization can be realized in the dual-frequency band, and the signal reception quality is improved.

[0018] (3) The single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model has fan-shaped metal radiating patches and arc-shaped isolation seams set at the four corners of the low-frequency radiating metal patch, which can improve the current distribution at the edge of the antenna, optimize the radiation pattern, further suppress surface waves, and reduce multipath effects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a side view of the structure of the single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna of this utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Antenna dielectric; 2. Underlying metal structure; 3. High-frequency radiating metal patch; 4. Low-frequency radiating metal patch; 5. Fan-shaped metal radiating patch; 6. Arc-shaped isolation seam; 7. First feed point; 8. Second feed point; 9. Third feed point; 10. Fourth feed point; 11. First through-hole; 12. Second through-hole; 13. Third through-hole; 14. Middle through-hole; 15. First pin; 16. Second pin; 17. Non-metallic gap. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] The embodiments of this utility model will be described below based on its overall structure.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-4As shown, this embodiment provides a single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna, including an antenna medium 1, a top metal structure and a bottom metal structure 2. The antenna medium 1 has a rectangular structure. A high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the antenna medium 1. The high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 has a clover-shaped structure composed of four leaves. A low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 is provided on the upper surface of the antenna medium 1, which is separated from the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 by a non-metallic gap 17. The low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 is arranged around the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3. Fan-shaped metal radiating patches 5 are provided at the four corners of the antenna medium 1. An arc-shaped isolation gap 6 is provided between the four corners of the fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 and the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4.

[0028] The high-frequency radiating metal patch 3, the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4, and the fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 are provided with metal through-hole structures that are connected to the underlying metal structure 2. The high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 is provided with a first feed point 7 and a second feed point 8, and the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 is provided with a third feed point 9 and a fourth feed point 10.

[0029] In this invention, the antenna dielectric 1 serves as the antenna substrate, supporting the entire antenna structure. It is injection molded from a low-loss special industrial plastic, which reduces transmission loss and maintains high performance. The bottom metal structure 2 serves as the antenna's ground plane, providing good electromagnetic shielding and improving radiation directivity. The high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 serves as the main radiator in the high-frequency band, and its clover-shaped structure optimizes current distribution and improves radiation efficiency. The low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 serves as the main radiator in the low-frequency band, and its ring frame structure is nested with the high-frequency patch to achieve a compact layout. The non-metallic gap 17 is used to physically isolate the high-frequency and low-frequency radiating patches, effectively reducing electromagnetic coupling between the two bands and improving isolation. The fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 acts as an auxiliary radiating unit, which can improve the current distribution at the antenna edge and optimize the radiation pattern. The arc-shaped isolation gap 6 is used to isolate the low-frequency patch and the fan-shaped patch, further suppressing surface waves and reducing multipath effects.

[0030] Metal via structures are used to connect various metal structures to the ground plane, suppress surface wave propagation, improve impedance matching, and enhance frequency band isolation;

[0031] The first feed point 7 and the second feed point 8, the low-frequency radiation metal patch 4 are provided with a third feed point 9 and a fourth feed point 10 as signal input ports, and the orthogonal arrangement achieves good circular polarization characteristics.

[0032] This invention relates to a single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna, featuring a nested design of a clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 and a ring-shaped low-frequency radiating metal patch 4. Fan-shaped metal radiating patches 5 are positioned at the four corners of the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4, working in conjunction with non-metallic gaps 17 and arc-shaped isolation gaps 6 to form a dual guarantee of physical isolation and electromagnetic shielding, achieving high isolation between the high and low frequency bands. The phase difference between the first feed point 7 and the second feed point 8 is 90°, and the phase difference between the third feed point 9 and the fourth feed point 10 is also 90°. This orthogonal arrangement of dual feed points ensures that both frequency bands can achieve low axial ratio right-hand circular polarization, improving signal reception quality. The single-layer integrated design avoids the complexity of traditional multi-layer structures, facilitating miniaturized applications.

[0033] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The metal through-hole structure includes four first through-holes 11 on the four blades of the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3, second through-holes 12 arranged between adjacent blades of the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 on the four sides of the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4, and third through-holes 13 on the four fan-shaped metal radiating patches 5. The four first through-holes 11, four second through-holes 12, and four third through-holes 13 are arranged in an array to effectively suppress edge diffraction and reduce the influence of multipath effects.

[0034] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The metal via structure also includes a central via 14 connected to the underlying metal structure 2 at the center of the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3; the central via 14 and the outer first via 11 together form an electromagnetic shielding wall, blocking the coupling path of high-frequency L5 energy to the low-frequency L1 patch. Simultaneously, its central position can effectively divide the current distribution of the annular low-frequency patch 4; it can reduce intermodulation interference between dual-frequency signals, and is particularly suitable for high-precision carrier phase positioning.

[0035] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 has grooves between its four blades. The first feed point 7 and the second feed point 8 are respectively located near the grooves on both sides of one of the blades of the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3. The first feed point 7 and the second feed point 8 are located near the grooves on both sides of the high-frequency patch blade, where the current density gradient at the edge of the groove is the largest, and the feeding at this location can maximize the excitation efficiency.

[0036] Specifically, refer to Figure 1The low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 has clearance holes adapted to the four blades of the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3. The four sides of the clearance holes have protruding convex plates adapted to the grooves. The second through hole 12 is located on the convex plate. The third feed point 9 and the fourth feed point 10 are respectively located on two adjacent convex plates. The third feed point 9 and the fourth feed point 10 are located on adjacent convex plates, utilizing the current converging characteristics of the convex plates.

[0037] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The first feed point 7 and the second feed point 8 are connected to a first PIN pin 15 that passes downward through the underlying metal structure 2, and the second feed point 8 and the third feed point 9 are connected to a second PIN pin 16 that passes downward through the underlying metal structure 2. The first PIN pin 15 and the second PIN pin 16 are used to connect the feed points to external circuits to ensure signal transmission quality and reduce losses.

[0038] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 is a quarter-circle metal sheet, and the arc-shaped isolation seam 6 is a quarter-circle arc structure. The fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 is isolated from the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 through the arc-shaped isolation seam 6, and electromagnetic coupling is formed between the two, reducing the size of the low-frequency radiating metal patch 4, thereby reducing the overall size of the dielectric.

[0039] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The upper surface of the antenna medium 1 is a square structure. The four blades of the high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 point to the four corners of the antenna medium 1. The centers of the four first through holes 11 are respectively located on the center connection line between the four third through holes 13 and the middle through hole 14. The second through hole 12 on the convex plate and the first through hole 11 of the high-frequency patch form an anchoring point.

[0040] In this embodiment, the antenna dielectric 1 is made of FR4 plate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The upper surface is a square with a side length of 50 mm. The high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 has a clover-shaped structure. Each clover is 12 mm long and 8 mm wide. The groove between the clover is 2 mm wide. A central through hole 14 with a diameter of 1 mm is provided in the center. Each clover has a first through hole 11 with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 has a ring frame structure with an inner diameter of 25 mm and an outer diameter of 40 mm. Four protrusions are provided on the four sides of the inner hole. Each protrusion has a second through hole 12 with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 is a quarter circle with a radius of 8 mm. Each fan has a third through hole 13 with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The feed point is connected by a 50 Ω microstrip line. The first PIN pin 15 and the second PIN pin 16 have a diameter of 0.3 mm.

[0041] When a high-frequency signal is fed in through the first PIN pin 15, it primarily excites the clover-shaped high-frequency radiating metal patch 3 to resonate; when a low-frequency signal is fed in through the second PIN pin 16, it primarily excites the annular low-frequency radiating metal patch 4 to resonate. The central through-hole 14 and the peripheral through-hole array effectively suppress surface waves and improve radiation characteristics. The fan-shaped metal radiating patch 5 and the arc-shaped isolation slit 6 work together to optimize current distribution and improve radiation efficiency.

[0042] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0043] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A single-layer dual-frequency GNSS antenna comprising an antenna medium (1) and a bottom metal structure (2), characterized in that, The center of the upper surface of the antenna medium (1) is provided with a high-frequency radiation metal patch (3), the upper surface of the antenna medium (1) is provided with a low-frequency radiation metal patch (4) separated from the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3) by a non-metal gap (17), and the four corners of the antenna medium (1) are provided with fan-shaped metal radiation patches (5), and the fan-shaped metal radiation patches (5) are provided with arc-shaped isolation seams (6) between the four corners of the low-frequency radiation metal patch (4). The high-frequency radiation metal patch (3), the low-frequency radiation metal patch (4) and the fan-shaped metal radiation patch (5) are provided with metal via structures connected with the bottom metal structure (2), the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3) is provided with a first feed point (7) and a second feed point (8), and the low-frequency radiation metal patch (4) is provided with a third feed point (9) and a fourth feed point (10).

2. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The high-frequency radiation metal patch (3) is a four-leaf clover structure composed of four blades, the metal via structure includes four first vias (11) provided on the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3), second vias (12) arranged between adjacent two blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3) provided on four sides of the low-frequency radiation metal patch (4), and third vias (13) provided on the four fan-shaped metal radiation patches (5).

3. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The metal via structure further includes an intermediate via (14) connected with the bottom metal structure (2) provided at the center of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3).

4. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3) are provided with grooves, and the first feed point (7) and the second feed point (8) are respectively arranged close to the grooves on both sides of one blade of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3).

5. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiation metal patch (4) is provided with a clearance hole corresponding to the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3), the four edges of the clearance hole are provided with protruding plates corresponding to the grooves, the second via (12) is arranged on the protruding plate, and the third feed point (9) and the fourth feed point (10) are respectively arranged on two adjacent protruding plates.

6. A single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The first feed point (7) and the second feed point (8) are connected with a first PIN pin (15) penetrating downward through the bottom metal structure (2).

7. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second feed point (8) and the third feed point (9) are connected with a second PIN pin (16) penetrating downward through the bottom metal structure (2).

8. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fan-shaped metal radiation patch (5) is a metal sheet with a quarter circle structure, and the arc-shaped isolation seam (6) is a quarter circle arc structure.

9. The single-layer dual-band GNSS antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper surface of the antenna medium (1) is a square structure, the four blades of the high-frequency radiation metal patch (3) point to the four corners of the antenna medium (1), and the centers of the four first vias (11) are respectively located on the center connecting lines of the four third vias (13) and the intermediate via (14).

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