Numerical control five-axis machining center
By optimizing the structural layout and devices of the five-axis machining center, the problems of slow movement speed and low efficiency of traditional five-axis machining centers have been solved, achieving efficient and precise machining results, which is suitable for CNC five-axis machining centers.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
In traditional five-axis machining centers, the structural spatial arrangement of linear and rotary axes lacks rationality, resulting in slow acceleration and deceleration of equipment movement and low work efficiency.
The system adopts a gantry frame + workpiece processing platform structure, optimizes the spatial layout of the X, Y, and Z axes, increases overall rigidity, and enhances the rigidity of the Y axis through dual slide rails + central lead screw drive. The X-axis motor is horizontally mounted to improve dynamic response capability, and the Z-axis adopts a column structure + dual slide rail guidance. Combined with a disc tool magazine and a robotic tool changer, the tool change time is optimized, and a rear-mounted chain chip conveyor is used for automatic chip removal.
It improves processing efficiency and accuracy, shortens processing cycle time, reduces vibration impact, ensures high-speed stability and processing accuracy, reduces the frequency of manual cleaning, and meets the needs of continuous multi-process processing of complex parts.
Smart Images
Figure CN224073811U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to a CNC five-axis machining center. Background Technology
[0002] A five-axis machining center is an advanced CNC machine tool capable of simultaneously performing high-precision machining on workpieces across five degrees of freedom (three linear axes X, Y, and Z, and two rotary axes A and C). Compared to traditional three-axis machine tools, five-axis machining centers offer the following advantages: Complex surface machining capability: They can complete the machining of complex geometries such as impellers, propellers, and aerospace structural components in a single operation, reducing the number of setups. High-precision machining: Through optimized tool angles, tool interference is reduced, improving machining accuracy and surface quality. Increased machining efficiency: Multi-axis linkage enables optimal cutting paths, reducing idle travel and improving machining efficiency.
[0003] In traditional five-axis machining centers, the spatial arrangement of the three linear axes (X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis) and two rotary axes (A-axis and C-axis) lacks rationality, resulting in an inability to respond quickly during workpiece processing, slow acceleration and deceleration of the equipment, and low work efficiency.
[0004] Therefore, improvements are needed. Utility Model Content
[0005] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to address the deficiencies in the prior art by providing a five-axis CNC machining center to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A CNC five-axis machining center, comprising: a frame, the frame being used to install and support mechanical components, the frame including a base, a gantry frame disposed on the base, and an outer cover; a Y-axis moving device, the Y-axis moving device being disposed on the base, the Y-axis moving device being used to drive movement along the Y-axis; a workpiece machining platform, the workpiece machining platform being mounted on the Y-axis moving device, the workpiece machining platform including a base mounted on the Y-axis moving device, an A-axis rotating device mounted on both sides of the base, a C-axis rotating device connected to the A-axis rotating device, and a workpiece machining platform disposed on the C-axis moving device. The rotary device includes: a machining station; an X-axis moving device mounted on the crossbeam of the gantry for driving movement along the X-axis; a Z-axis moving device mounted on the X-axis moving device for driving movement along the Z-axis; a spindle mounted on the Z-axis moving device for cutting the workpiece; a tool changer mounted on the gantry and positioned to one side of the X-axis moving device, containing a cutting tool for changing the tool onto the spindle; and a CNC system for controlling the operation of each mechanical component.
[0007] Furthermore, the Y-axis moving device includes a Y-axis motor, a Y-axis lead screw connected to the output end of the Y-axis motor, and Y-axis slide rails disposed on both sides of the Y-axis lead screw; the two ends of the base are mounted on the Y-axis slide rails by sliders, and the base is sleeved on the Y-axis lead screw by lead screw nuts; wherein, the Y-axis motor drives the base to move along the Y-axis slide rails.
[0008] Furthermore, the crossbeam of the gantry frame is provided with an upwardly protruding mounting seat; the X-axis moving device includes an X-axis motor mounted on the upper end face of the crossbeam of the gantry frame, an X-axis lead screw connected to the output end of the X-axis motor, and an X-axis slide rail disposed on the front end face of the crossbeam of the gantry frame and the upper end face of the mounting seat; the Z-axis moving device is mounted on the X-axis slide rail via a slider; the Z-axis moving device is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw via a lead screw nut; wherein, the X-axis motor drives the Z-axis moving device to move along the X-axis slide rail.
[0009] Furthermore, the Z-axis moving device includes a column mounted on the X-axis slide rail, a Z-axis motor mounted on the column, a Z-axis lead screw connected to the output end of the Z-axis motor, and Z-axis slide rails on both sides of the Z-axis lead screw; the main shaft is mounted on the Z-axis slide rail via a slider, and the main shaft is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw via a lead screw nut; wherein, the Z-axis motor drives the main shaft to move along the Z-axis slide rail.
[0010] Furthermore, the tool changing device includes a disc tool magazine and a tool changing robot disposed on one side of the disc tool magazine; the disc tool magazine is used to place tools; the tool changing robot installs the tools in the disc tool magazine onto the spindle and installs the tools on the spindle onto the disc tool magazine.
[0011] Furthermore, it includes a chain-type chip conveyor, which is located at the rear end of the base and is used to automatically discharge chips.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0013] High dynamic response performance and improved machining efficiency: The gantry frame + workpiece machining platform structure optimizes the spatial layout of the X, Y, and Z axes, reduces the mass inertia of moving parts, disperses the center of gravity of the equipment, and increases overall rigidity. This results in faster movement speeds in the X, Y, and Z axes, shortening the machining cycle time. The Y-axis uses a double slide rail + center screw drive to enhance rigidity, ensure stability during high-speed movement, and prevent vibration from affecting machining accuracy. The X-axis motor is horizontally mounted, improving the dynamic response capability of the crossbeam and enabling faster and more precise tool movement. The Z-axis uses a column structure + double slide rail guidance to enhance spindle rigidity, reduce deformation caused by cutting forces, and improve the machining accuracy of deep cavities.
[0014] The disc tool magazine combined with a robotic tool changer achieves a tool change time of ≤2 seconds, meeting the needs of continuous multi-process machining of complex parts. The tool magazine is mounted on a gantry frame, saving space and facilitating operator maintenance.
[0015] Optimize the chip removal system to improve machining stability: The rear-mounted chain chip conveyor automatically collects and removes chips, preventing chip accumulation from affecting machining accuracy or damaging critical components such as guide rails and lead screws. Reduce the frequency of manual cleaning. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model from another angle.
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis moving device.
[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece processing platform.
[0021] Figure 6 Partial structural schematic diagram of this utility model.
[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the X-axis moving device.
[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis moving device.
[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tool changing device.
[0025] Reference numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Base; 3. Gantry; 4. Outer cover; 5. Y-axis moving device; 6. Workpiece machining platform; 7. Base; 8. A-axis rotating device; 9. C-axis rotating device; 10. Machining position; 11. X-axis moving device; 12. Z-axis moving device; 13. Spindle; 14. Tool changer; 15. CNC system; 16. Y-axis motor; 17. Y-axis lead screw; 18. Y-axis slide rail; 19. Mounting base; 20. X-axis motor; 21. X-axis lead screw; 22. X-axis slide rail; 23. Column; 24. Z-axis motor; 25. Z-axis lead screw; 26. Z-axis slide rail; 27. Disc tool magazine; 28. Tool changing robot; 29. Chain chip conveyor. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0027] The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "several" or "more than" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" a second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or it can include contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Moreover, "above," "over," and "on top" of a second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" of a second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0028] In view of the technical problems described in the background art, such as Figure 1-9As shown, a CNC five-axis machining center is provided, including: a frame 1 for mounting and supporting mechanical components, the frame 1 including a base 2, a gantry frame 3 mounted on the base 2, and an outer cover 4; a Y-axis moving device 5 mounted on the base 2 for driving movement along the Y-axis; a workpiece machining platform 6 mounted on the Y-axis moving device 5, the workpiece machining platform 6 including a base 7 mounted on the Y-axis moving device 5, an A-axis rotating device 8 mounted on both sides of the base 7, a C-axis rotating device 9 connected to the A-axis rotating device 8, and a machining position 10 mounted on the C-axis rotating device 9; and an X-axis moving device 1. 1. The X-axis moving device 11 is installed on the crossbeam of the gantry 3, and is used to drive movement along the X-axis; the Z-axis moving device 12 is installed on the X-axis moving device 11, and is used to drive movement along the Z-axis; the spindle 13 is installed on the Z-axis moving device 12, and is used for cutting and machining the workpiece; the tool changing device 14 is installed on the gantry 3 and placed on one side of the X-axis moving device 11, and is equipped with a tool, and is used to change the tool to the spindle 13; the CNC system 15 is used to control the operation of each mechanical component.
[0029] In the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a CNC five-axis machining center, including a frame 1, a Y-axis moving device 5, a workpiece machining platform 6, an X-axis moving device 11, a Z-axis moving device 12, a spindle 13, a tool changer 14, and a CNC system 15.
[0030] The base 2 is made of high-strength cast iron in one piece, which has excellent shock absorption performance and structural stability. The gantry frame 3 is fixed to the base 2 with bolts to form a stable frame structure.
[0031] A Y-axis moving device 5 is mounted on a base 2, and a workpiece processing platform 6 is mounted on the Y-axis moving device 5. The workpiece processing platform 6 includes a base 7, an A-axis rotating device 8, a C-axis rotating device 9, and a processing position 10. The base 7 is mounted on the Y-axis moving device 5 and moves along the Y-axis via the Y-axis moving device 5. The A-axis rotating device 8 can be a DD motor mounted on both sides of the base 7 to drive the C-axis rotating device 9 and the processing position 10 to swing. The C-axis rotating device 9 can be directly driven by a DD motor, enabling 360° continuous rotation. The processing position 10 is located on the C-axis rotating device 9 and is used to clamp the workpiece. This structure forms a cradle-like structure, enabling the workpiece processing platform 6 to rotate along the A-axis and the C-axis, meeting processing requirements.
[0032] The X-axis moving device 11 is installed at the crossbeam position of the gantry 3, and the Z-axis moving device 12 is vertically installed on the X-axis moving device 11; the tool changing device 14 is used to automatically change the tool according to the design processing requirements, so as to facilitate the spindle 13 to process the workpiece.
[0033] During operation, the workpiece is clamped onto the machining station 10, and the CNC system 15 controls the coordinated movement of each axis according to the machining program: the Y-axis moving device 5 drives the workpiece machining platform 6 to move along the Y-axis to the machining area; the X-axis moving device 11 and the axis moving device drive the spindle 13 to cut the workpiece; the A-axis rotating device 8 and the C-axis rotating device 9 coordinate to adjust the workpiece posture so that the tool contacts the workpiece at the optimal angle; after machining is completed, the tool changing device 14 automatically changes the tool and proceeds to the next machining process.
[0034] This invention features high dynamic response performance and improved processing efficiency: It adopts a gantry frame 3 + workpiece processing platform 6 structure, optimizing the spatial layout of the X, Y, and Z axes, reducing the mass inertia of moving parts, dispersing the equipment's center of gravity, increasing overall rigidity, and allowing for faster movement speeds in the X, Y, and Z axes, thus shortening the processing cycle. The Y-axis uses a double slide rail + center screw drive to enhance rigidity, ensure stability during high-speed movement, and prevent vibration from affecting processing accuracy. The X-axis motor 20 is horizontally mounted, improving the dynamic response capability of the crossbeam and enabling faster and more precise tool movement. The Z-axis uses a column 23 structure + double slide rail guidance, enhancing the rigidity of the spindle 13, reducing deformation caused by cutting forces, and improving the accuracy of deep cavity machining.
[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, preferably, the Y-axis moving device 5 includes a Y-axis motor 16, a Y-axis lead screw 17 connected to the output end of the Y-axis motor 16, and Y-axis slide rails 18 disposed on both sides of the Y-axis lead screw 17; the two ends of the base 7 are mounted on the Y-axis slide rails 18 by sliders, and the base 7 is sleeved on the Y-axis lead screw 17 by lead screw nuts; wherein, the Y-axis motor 16 drives the base 7 to move along the Y-axis slide rails 18.
[0036] In implementation, a Y-axis moving device 5 is used to move the workpiece processing platform 6. The Y-axis moving device 5 includes a Y-axis motor 16, a Y-axis lead screw 17, and a Y-axis slide rail 18. The output end of the Y-axis motor 16 can be connected to the Y-axis lead screw 17 through a coupling or a reducer. The Y-axis slide rails 18 are respectively set on both sides of the base 2, which can distribute the center of gravity of the equipment. Specifically, when the Y-axis motor 16 is driven, the workpiece processing platform 6 can be quickly moved to the position of the spindle 13 for easy processing.
[0037] refer to Figure 6-7As shown, the crossbeam of the gantry frame 3 is provided with an upwardly protruding mounting seat 19; the X-axis moving device 11 includes an X-axis motor 20 mounted on the upper end face of the crossbeam of the gantry frame 3, an X-axis lead screw 21 connected to the output end of the X-axis motor 20, and an X-axis slide rail 22 disposed on the front end face of the crossbeam of the gantry frame 3 and the upper end face of the mounting seat 19; the Z-axis moving device 12 is mounted on the X-axis slide rail 22 by a slider; the Z-axis moving device 12 is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw 21 by a lead screw nut; wherein, the X-axis motor 20 drives the Z-axis moving device 12 to move along the X-axis slide rail 22.
[0038] In implementation, an X-axis moving device 11 is used to move the Z-axis moving device 12 along the X-axis direction. Preferably, the crossbeam on the gantry 3 is configured with a protruding mounting base 19. The X-axis moving device 11 includes an X-axis motor 20, an X-axis lead screw 21, and an X-axis slide rail 22; the output end of the X-axis motor 20 can be connected to the X-axis lead screw 21 via a coupling. One set of X-axis slide rails 22 is disposed on the upper end face of the mounting base 19, and another set of X-axis slide rails 22 is disposed on the front side of the crossbeam of the gantry 3. When the Z-axis moving device 12 cooperates with the X-axis slide rails 22, the weight can be distributed to the upper end face of the mounting base 19 and the front side of the crossbeam, avoiding deformation of components caused by the Z-axis moving device 12 and the main shaft 13 in the vertical direction, which would affect the moving accuracy.
[0039] Reference Figure 8 As shown, the Z-axis moving device 12 includes a column 23 mounted on the X-axis slide rail 22, a Z-axis motor 24 mounted on the column 23, a Z-axis lead screw 25 connected to the output end of the Z-axis motor 24, and Z-axis slide rails 26 arranged on both sides of the Z-axis lead screw 25; the main shaft 13 is mounted on the Z-axis slide rail 26 via a slider, and the main shaft 13 is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw 25 via a lead screw nut; wherein, the Z-axis motor 24 drives the main shaft 13 to move along the Z-axis slide rail 26.
[0040] In implementation, the Z-axis moving device 12 includes a column 23, a Z-axis motor 24, a Z-axis lead screw 25, and a Z-axis slide rail 26. The column 23 is connected to the X-axis slide rail 22 via sliders, distributing the weight of the Z-axis moving device 12. The output end of the Z-axis motor 24 is connected to the Z-axis lead screw 25 via a coupling. The Z-axis slide rails 26 are respectively located on both sides of the Z-axis lead screw 25, and the main shaft 13 is mounted behind the Z-axis slide rails 26 via sliders. Driven by the Z-axis motor 24, the main shaft 13 moves along the Z-axis slide rail 26.
[0041] like Figure 9As shown, the tool changing device 14 includes a disc tool magazine 27 and a tool changing robot 28 disposed on one side of the disc tool magazine 27; the disc tool magazine 27 is used to place tools; the tool changing robot 28 installs the tools in the disc tool magazine 27 onto the spindle 13 and installs the tools on the spindle 13 onto the disc tool magazine 27.
[0042] Specifically, the process is as follows: the CNC system 15 issues a tool change command, and the spindle 13 automatically stops and orients itself; the disc tool magazine 27 rotates to the designated tool, and the two ends of the tool changing robot 28 clamp the tool in the disc tool magazine 27 and the tool on the spindle 13 respectively, and the tool change is completed by rotation.
[0043] This utility model includes a chain-type chip removal device 29, which is located at the rear end of the base 2 and is used to automatically discharge chips.
[0044] When the chain-type chip conveyor 29 is working, the drive unit drives the chain and scraper to operate continuously. The scraper fits tightly against the bottom of the processing area, and as the chain moves, it scrapes the chips from the processing area and carries them into the chip discharge port of the device. The chip discharge port is usually connected to a chip collection box or conveyor belt for collecting and processing the chips. This reduces manual chip removal and improves work efficiency.
[0045] The above does not limit the technical scope of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this utility model.
Claims
1. A CNC five-axis machining center, characterized in that, include: A frame for mounting and supporting mechanical components, the frame including a base, a gantry frame mounted on the base, and an outer cover; Y-axis moving device, the Y-axis moving device is disposed on the base, the Y-axis moving device is used to drive movement along the Y-axis; A workpiece processing platform is mounted on the Y-axis moving device. The workpiece processing platform includes a base mounted on the Y-axis moving device, an A-axis rotating device mounted on both sides of the base, a C-axis rotating device connected to the A-axis rotating device, and a processing position set on the C-axis rotating device. X-axis moving device, which is installed at the crossbeam position of the gantry frame, is used to drive movement along the X-axis; Z-axis moving device, the Z-axis moving device is mounted on the X-axis moving device, the Z-axis moving device is used to drive movement along the Z-axis; A spindle, which is mounted on the Z-axis moving device, is used for cutting and machining workpieces; A tool changing device is installed on the gantry and placed on one side of the X-axis moving device. The tool changing device contains a tool and is used to change the tool to the spindle. A numerical control system, which is used to control the operation of various mechanical components.
2. The CNC five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis moving device includes a Y-axis motor, a Y-axis lead screw connected to the output end of the Y-axis motor, and Y-axis slide rails located on both sides of the Y-axis lead screw. The two ends of the base are mounted on the Y-axis slide rail via sliders, and the base is sleeved on the Y-axis lead screw via a lead screw nut; wherein, the Y-axis motor drives the base to move along the Y-axis slide rail.
3. The CNC five-axis machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crossbeam of the gantry frame is provided with an upwardly protruding mounting seat; The X-axis moving device includes an X-axis motor mounted on the upper end face of the crossbeam of the gantry frame, an X-axis lead screw connected to the output end of the X-axis motor, and an X-axis slide rail disposed on the front end face of the crossbeam of the gantry frame and the upper end face of the mounting base. The Z-axis moving device is mounted on the X-axis slide rail via a slider; the Z-axis moving device is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw via a lead screw nut; wherein, the X-axis motor drives the Z-axis moving device to move along the X-axis slide rail.
4. The CNC five-axis machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving device includes a column mounted on the X-axis slide rail, a Z-axis motor mounted on the column, a Z-axis lead screw connected to the output end of the Z-axis motor, and Z-axis slide rails mounted on both sides of the Z-axis lead screw. The spindle is mounted on the Z-axis slide rail via a slider, and the spindle is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw via a lead screw nut; wherein, the Z-axis motor drives the spindle to move along the Z-axis slide rail.
5. The CNC five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tool changing device includes a disc tool magazine and a tool changing robot disposed on one side of the disc tool magazine; the disc tool magazine is used to store tools; the tool changing robot installs the tools in the disc tool magazine onto the spindle and installs the tools on the spindle onto the disc tool magazine.
6. The CNC five-axis machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that: It includes a chain-type chip conveyor, which is located at the rear end of the base and is used to automatically discharge chips.