Waterproof structure for underground building

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waterproof structure for an underground building, which comprises a bearing wall and a waterproof wall arranged on the outer side of the bearing wall, the bearing wall and the waterproof wall are arranged in parallel at intervals, bentonite waterproof blankets are laid on two sides of the waterproof wall, and the bentonite waterproof blankets and the waterproof wall are fixedly connected through a plurality of steel nails. An impermeable concrete layer and a side plate are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the bentonite waterproof blanket, the side plate is connected with the waterproof wall through a countersunk bolt, a gap between a bolt head of the countersunk bolt and the side plate is filled with waterproof sealant, and a plurality of supporting rods are arranged between the bearing wall and the side plate on the inner side of the waterproof wall. In conclusion, the waterproof structure has the advantages of being convenient to construct, not prone to leakage and good in waterproof effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waterproofing technology for underground buildings, specifically to a waterproofing structure for underground buildings. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of urban construction, the development of underground space has become particularly important. People often consider constructing underground buildings to make full use of underground space. Underground buildings refer to engineering structures built below ground level or below reservoirs, and are widely developed in mining, underground transportation, municipal, industrial, and hydraulic engineering projects, such as mines, tunnels, underground warehouses, and underground parking garages. In relatively humid geographical environments, underground buildings typically have multiple layers of waterproofing on reinforced concrete walls. Over long-term use, these waterproofing layers inevitably develop micro-cracks. However, due to the humid environment, when these micro-cracks form through-channels under water pressure, leakage occurs, allowing moisture to seep into the underground structure from the walls. Therefore, it is objectively necessary to develop a waterproof structure for underground buildings that is easy to construct, leak-proof, and has good waterproofing performance. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a waterproof structure for underground buildings that is easy to construct, not prone to leakage, and has a good waterproof effect.

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: it includes a load-bearing wall and a waterproof wall set outside the load-bearing wall. The load-bearing wall and the waterproof wall are arranged in parallel with intervals. Bentonite waterproof blankets are laid on both sides of the waterproof wall. The bentonite waterproof blankets are fixedly connected to the waterproof wall by several steel nails. An impermeable concrete layer and a side plate are set on the outside of the bentonite waterproof blanket in sequence. The side plate is connected to the waterproof wall by countersunk bolts. The gap between the bolt head of the countersunk bolt and the side plate is filled with waterproof sealant. Several support rods are set between the load-bearing wall and the side plate on the inner side of the waterproof wall.

[0005] Furthermore, slurry-like bentonite is placed in the gap between the steel nails and the bentonite waterproofing blanket.

[0006] Furthermore, a cavity is formed between the load-bearing wall and the inner side panel of the waterproof wall. A vent pipe is installed in the upper part of the cavity, and an exhaust pipe is installed in the bottom of the cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, a partition plate is vertically installed at the bottom of the cavity, with the lower end of the partition plate extending below the ground level below the cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, a waterproof coating is applied to the outer edge panel of the waterproof wall.

[0009] Furthermore, waterproof panels are installed on the surface of the load-bearing walls.

[0010] Furthermore, the steel nails are arranged in multiple rows, with a pressure strip between each row of steel nails and the bentonite waterproofing blanket.

[0011] This utility model incorporates a waterproof wall on the outside of the load-bearing wall of an underground building. This waterproof wall primarily serves to waterproof underground structures, acting as a waterproofing agent. Even if cracks appear in the waterproof wall after a period of use, the bentonite waterproof blanket can continue to provide waterproofing. The specific principle is as follows: The bentonite waterproof blanket is a new type of environmentally friendly composite waterproof and seepage-proof material. It consists of bentonite particles filled between woven and non-woven geotextiles. The upper non-woven fabric fibers are bonded to the lower woven fabric using a needle-punching method through special processes and equipment, connected to the bentonite particles. When groundwater seeps in through cracks and comes into contact with the bentonite particles, the particles absorb water and expand significantly, forming a water-impermeable gel with drainage properties. Furthermore, since the bentonite particles do not flow in one direction, a uniform waterproof layer is formed throughout the entire waterproof wall, providing excellent long-term waterproof and seepage-proof performance. This utility model comprises, from the outside in, a side plate, an impermeable concrete layer, a bentonite waterproof blanket, a waterproof wall, and another bentonite waterproof blanket, impermeable concrete layer, and side plate. The outermost side plate is located at the edge and is in direct contact with the soil and groundwater, forming the first waterproof barrier. The impermeable concrete layer then forms the second waterproof barrier, the bentonite waterproof blanket the third, and so on. Subsequent bentonite waterproof blankets, impermeable concrete layers, and side plates form subsequent waterproof barriers, all contributing to the waterproofing effect. Simultaneously, the bentonite particles within the bentonite waterproof blanket can repair surface cracks within 2mm in the waterproof wall, further improving its waterproofing performance. The waterproof wall exhibits excellent waterproofing performance. Secondly, during construction, bentonite waterproofing blankets are first laid on both sides of the waterproof wall and secured with steel nails to prevent slippage. Then, side plates are installed and fixed to the waterproof wall using countersunk bolts. Finally, the gap between the side plates and the bentonite waterproofing blankets is filled with impermeable concrete. The construction process is simple. Furthermore, the waterproof wall itself has a certain load-bearing capacity. Support rods connect the load-bearing wall and the waterproof wall as a whole, improving the compressive strength of the waterproof wall and thus enhancing the overall stability and safety of the underground structure. In summary, this invention has the advantages of convenient construction, low leakage, and excellent waterproofing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of node A in the middle;

[0014] In the diagram: 1-load-bearing wall, 2-waterproof wall, 3-bentonite waterproof blanket, 4-steel nail, 5-impermeable concrete layer, 6-edge plate, 7-countersunk bolt, 8-waterproof sealant, 9-support rod, 10-slurry bentonite, 11-cavity, 12-vent pipe, 13-extraction pipe, 14-isolation plate, 15-waterproof coating, 16-waterproof board, 17-pressure strip. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this description is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this utility model includes a load-bearing wall 1 and a waterproof wall 2 set on the outside of the load-bearing wall 1. The load-bearing wall 1 is an existing underground building wall. The load-bearing wall 1 and the waterproof wall 2 are arranged in parallel with intervals. Bentonite waterproof blankets 3 are laid on both sides of the waterproof wall 2. The bentonite waterproof blankets 3 and the waterproof wall 2 are fixedly connected by several steel nails 4. An impermeable concrete layer 5 and a side plate 6 are arranged sequentially on the outside of the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. The side plate 6 and the waterproof wall 2 are connected by countersunk bolts 7. The gap between the bolt head of the countersunk bolt 7 and the side plate 6 is filled with waterproof sealant 8. The waterproof sealant 8 is a paste-like building sealant made of synthetic polymer material as base material, with added fillers, curing agents, etc. After curing, it forms an elastomer and is used for joint waterproofing, leak prevention and resistance to media erosion. Several support rods 9 are set between the load-bearing wall 1 and the side plate 6 on the inner side of the waterproof wall 2.

[0017] This utility model incorporates a waterproof wall 2 on the outer side of the load-bearing wall 1 of an underground building. The waterproof wall 2 is primarily used for waterproofing underground structures, serving a waterproofing function itself. Even if cracks appear in the waterproof wall 2 after a period of use, the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 can continue to provide waterproofing. The specific principle is as follows: The bentonite waterproof blanket 3 is a new type of environmentally friendly composite waterproof and seepage-proof material. It consists of bentonite particles filled between woven and non-woven geotextiles. The upper non-woven fabric fibers are bonded to the lower woven fabric using a needle-punching method through special processes and equipment. When groundwater seeps in through cracks and comes into contact with the bentonite particles, the particles absorb water and expand significantly, forming a water-impermeable gel with drainage properties. Furthermore, since the bentonite particles do not flow in one direction, a uniform waterproof layer is formed throughout the entire area of ​​the waterproof wall 2, providing excellent long-term waterproof and seepage-proof performance.

[0018] This utility model, from the outside in, sequentially comprises a side plate 6, an impermeable concrete layer 5, a bentonite waterproof blanket 3, a waterproof wall 2, the outermost side plate 6, which is in direct contact with the soil and groundwater, forming the first waterproof barrier. The impermeable concrete layer 5 then forms the second waterproof barrier, the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 the third, and so on. Subsequent layers of the bentonite waterproof blanket 3, impermeable concrete layer 5, and side plate 6 further form subsequent waterproof barriers, all contributing to waterproofing. Simultaneously, the bentonite particles within the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 can repair surface cracks of the waterproof wall 2 within 2mm, further improving the waterproof performance of the waterproof wall 2. In summary... This utility model adopts a multi-layered and multi-level waterproof structure, which, when combined, provides a good waterproof effect. Secondly, during construction, bentonite waterproof blankets 3 are first laid on both sides of the waterproof wall 2 and fixed with steel nails 4 to prevent them from slipping. Then, side plates 6 are installed and fixed to the waterproof wall 2 using countersunk bolts 7. Finally, impermeable concrete is filled into the gap between the side plates 6 and the bentonite waterproof blankets 3. The construction process is simple. Simultaneously, the waterproof wall 2 itself has a certain load-bearing capacity. Support rods 9 connect the load-bearing wall 1 and the waterproof wall 2 as a whole, improving the compressive strength of the waterproof wall 2, thereby enhancing the overall stability and safety of the underground structure.

[0019] A slurry-like bentonite 10 is placed in the gap between the steel nail 4 and the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. The steel nail 4 is used to fix the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 and firmly fix it to the waterproof wall 2. However, it will also cause some damage to the bentonite waterproof blanket 3, creating gaps and compromising the overall waterproof integrity of the bentonite waterproof blanket 3, creating new seepage points. Groundwater may seep into the waterproof wall 2 through these seepage points. To avoid this problem, a slurry-like bentonite 10 is placed in the gap between the steel nail 4 and the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. The slurry-like bentonite 10 has good adhesion and can fill and repair the gaps, eliminate seepage points, and improve the waterproof performance of the bentonite waterproof blanket 3.

[0020] A cavity 11 is formed between the load-bearing wall 1 and the inner side plate 6 of the waterproof wall 2. A vent pipe 12 is installed in the upper part of the cavity 11, and an exhaust pipe 13 is installed in the bottom of the cavity 11. The underground building is located below the ground. Due to the relatively humid surrounding environment and the relatively sealed cavity 11, the moisture inside the cavity 11 is relatively high. This moisture accumulates continuously and may seep into the load-bearing wall 1 and then into the underground building. In order to prevent this problem, the vent pipe 12 and the exhaust pipe 13 are installed. The moisture inside the cavity 11 can be extracted periodically through the exhaust pipe 13, while fresh and dry air enters the cavity 11 through the vent pipe 12. Through the replacement of air in the cavity 11, the inside of the cavity 11 is kept dry, thereby preventing moisture from seeping into the load-bearing wall 1 and improving the waterproof performance of the underground building.

[0021] A partition plate 14 is vertically installed at the bottom of the cavity 11, with the lower end of the partition plate 14 extending below the ground below the cavity 11. This utility model significantly improves the waterproofing effect of the waterproof wall 2 through the installation of the side plate 6, the impermeable concrete layer 5, and the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. However, a small amount of groundwater may still seep into the underground structure from the bottom of the waterproof wall 2. To prevent this problem, the partition plate 14 is installed. Part of the partition plate 14 is located inside the cavity 11, and another part is located below the ground below the cavity 11. The specific depth can be determined according to the actual groundwater depth and location, thereby isolating the groundwater at the bottom of the waterproof wall 2 and improving the waterproofing performance of the underground structure.

[0022] A waterproof coating 15 is applied to the outer side plate 6 of the waterproof wall 2. The waterproof coating 15 is existing technology and can prevent groundwater from entering the waterproof wall 2, thereby improving the waterproof effect of the waterproof wall 2. In this utility model, in order to position and fix the side plate 6, several through holes are processed on the side plate 6. These through holes are used for the installation of countersunk bolts 7. During construction, the countersunk bolts 7 are inserted through these through holes and then into the waterproof wall 2. However, due to the existence of these through holes, after the installation of the countersunk bolts 7 is completed, gaps will inevitably be generated between the bolt head of the countersunk bolt 7 and the wall of the through hole. Although waterproof sealant 8 is used to seal it, there is still a certain risk of water seepage compared to other parts. When applying the waterproof coating, the waterproof coating can be applied to these gaps to further improve the waterproof performance of the gaps.

[0023] A waterproof membrane 16 is installed on the surface of the load-bearing wall 1. Due to installation errors or after a long period of use, some groundwater may seep into the cavity 11 between the load-bearing wall 1 and the waterproof wall 2, which may lead to water seepage in the underground structure. The waterproof membrane 16 is installed to prevent this problem. The waterproof membrane 16 can block water vapor in the cavity 11 from seeping into the load-bearing wall 1 and improve the waterproof performance of the underground structure.

[0024] The steel nails 4 are arranged in multiple rows, and a pressure strip 17 is set between each row of steel nails 4 and the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. In the actual construction process, the steel nails 4 are used to fix the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. However, since the contact area between the nail head of the steel nail 4 and the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 is relatively small, the fixing effect of the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 is not good. After setting the pressure strip 17, the contact area between the pressure strip 17 and the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 is larger, which can play a better fixing effect on the bentonite waterproof blanket 3. It can press the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 tightly against the wall surface of the waterproof wall 2 and effectively prevent the bentonite waterproof blanket 3 from sliding down.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure for underground construction, comprising a load-bearing wall (1) and a waterproof wall (2) provided on the outer side of the load-bearing wall (1), characterized in that: The load-bearing wall (1) and the waterproof wall (2) are arranged in parallel at intervals, bentonite waterproof blankets (3) are laid on both sides of the waterproof wall (2), the bentonite waterproof blankets (3) and the waterproof wall (2) are fixedly connected through a plurality of steel nails (4), the outer side of the bentonite waterproof blanket (3) is sequentially provided with an impermeable concrete layer (5) and a side plate (6), the side plate (6) and the waterproof wall (2) are connected through a countersunk bolt (7), the gap between the bolt head of the countersunk bolt (7) and the side plate (6) is filled with waterproof sealing paste (8), and a plurality of supporting rods (9) are arranged between the load-bearing wall (1) and the side plate (6) on the inner side of the waterproof wall (2).

2. A waterproof structure for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Slurry bentonite (10) is arranged at the gap between the steel nail (4) and the bentonite waterproof blanket (3).

3. A waterproof structure for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cavity (11) is formed between the load-bearing wall (1) and the side plate (6) on the inner side of the waterproof wall (2), an air pipe (12) is arranged at the upper portion in the cavity (11), and an air exhaust pipe (13) is arranged at the bottom in the cavity (11).

4. A waterproof structure for underground construction according to claim 3, wherein: A partition plate (14) is vertically arranged at the bottom of the cavity (11), and the lower end of the partition plate (14) extends below the ground below the cavity (11).

5. A waterproof structure for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A waterproof coating (15) is brushed on the plate surface of the side plate (6) on the outer side of the waterproof wall (2).

6. A waterproof structure for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A waterproof plate (16) is arranged on the wall surface of the load-bearing wall (1).

7. A waterproof structure for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel nails (4) are arranged in a plurality of rows in an array, and a pressing strip (17) is arranged between each row of steel nails (4) and the bentonite waterproof blanket (3).

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