Improved patella muscle paste

Abstract

The utility model discloses an improved patella muscle paste. The improved patella muscle paste comprises an elastic muscle paste, an elastic gasket and backing paper, the elastic muscle patch comprises an inner side surface and an outer side surface; the inner side surface is sticky and is adhered with backing paper; an elastic gasket is arranged in the center of the inner side surface of the elastic muscle patch; the thickness of the elastic gasket is greater than that of the elastic muscle patch; when the knee protector is used, the elastic gasket is attached to the lower portion of the patella, the two ends of the elastic muscle patch extend upwards to be attached to thigh muscles on the upper side of the patella, the pressure below the patella can be effectively relieved, good supporting and buffering are provided, meanwhile, the wearing comfort and convenience can be improved, and the knee protector is suitable for protection and rehabilitation of various knee sport injuries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a kinesiology patch, and more particularly to a modified patellar kinesiology patch, which adds a pad to the kinesiology patch to provide pressure protection for the thigh muscles and patellar tendon. Background Technology

[0002] Current patellar braces work by wrapping around the area below the knee and applying pressure to reinforce the protection of the patellar tendon. However, this product has some significant drawbacks: the skin in the popliteal fossa is delicate, and during exercise, the strap at the back of the patellar brace easily rubs against the skin there; furthermore, the patellar brace doesn't fit snugly against the skin, leaving gaps. This causes repeated friction between the patellar brace and the surrounding skin during exercise, potentially leading to abrasions.

[0003] Kinesiology tape is a type of elastic tape widely used in sports protection and rehabilitation. Its main function is to provide support for muscles and joints by simulating the tension of real skin, while promoting blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, relieving pain and preventing injury. In recent years, with the development of sports medicine and rehabilitation technology, the design and function of kinesiology tape have been continuously optimized.

[0004] Patent CN215020485U discloses a high-load anti-load kinesiology tape, comprising a kinesiology tape substrate and EVA high-elasticity foam, which provides cushioning to reduce high-load pressure. Patent CN210991134U discloses a single-sided coated pre-segmented kinesiology tape, comprising pre-segmented kinesiology tape, through-holes, thickened edges, and release paper, providing breathability and structural stability. Patent CN210991150U discloses a pre-segmented kinesiology tape for the legs, comprising two-segment and four-segment patches, providing versatility and breathability through dotted lines and printing.

[0005] Patellar straps have a relatively limited function, only protecting the patellar tendon and offering no protection for the thigh muscles. In contrast, kinesiology tape primarily focuses on protecting the muscles and is not specifically optimized for the biomechanical properties of the patella, thus failing to provide effective protection and support for the patellar tendon. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a patellar kinesiology patch that can protect both the patellar tendon and the thigh muscles at the same time.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a modified patellar kinesiology patch, comprising an elastic kinesiology patch, an elastic pad, and a backing paper; the elastic kinesiology patch includes an inner side and an outer side; the inner side is adhesive and is covered with the backing paper;

[0008] An elastic pad is provided at the center of the inner side of the elastic skin tape; the thickness of the elastic pad is greater than the thickness of the elastic skin tape.

[0009] In use, the elastic pad is placed below the patella, and the two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape extend upwards and are attached to the thigh muscles above the patella.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the elastic pad is any one or more of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA;

[0011] The elastic pad has a symmetrical structure, with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing width in the middle, forming an waist shape.

[0012] The upper edge of the elastic pad has a downward concave first arc, and the lower edge of the elastic pad has an upward concave second arc.

[0013] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the first side of the elastic pad is attached to the inner side of the elastic skin patch, the second side of the elastic pad is adhesive, and the backing paper is adhered to the second side of the elastic pad and the area of ​​the inner side of the elastic skin patch that is not covered by the elastic pad.

[0014] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the two ends of the backing paper are provided with end pre-cut lines extending in the width direction, and the center of the backing paper is provided with a central axis pre-cut line extending in the width direction.

[0015] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

[0016] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a plurality of spaced protrusions, each protrusion including a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

[0017] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the elastic skin patch has bending areas on both sides of the elastic pad, and the upper and lower edges of the elastic skin patch at the bending areas have concave bendable portions.

[0018] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problem is: the curvature of the first arc is greater than that of the second arc.

[0019] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the elastic pad is any one or more of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA;

[0020] The elastic pad has a symmetrical structure, with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing width in the middle.

[0021] The upper edge of the elastic pad has a downward concave first arc, and the lower edge of the elastic pad has a downward convex third arc, with the curvature of the first arc being greater than that of the third arc.

[0022] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the second side of the elastic pad is provided with a plurality of gel-like protrusions arranged in an array.

[0023] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a modified patellar kinesiology patch, comprising an elastic kinesiology patch, a pad, and a backing paper; the elastic kinesiology patch includes an inner surface and an outer surface;

[0024] An elastic pad is provided at the center of the inner side of the elastic skin tape;

[0025] The elastic pad is any one or more of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA. The thickness of the elastic pad is greater than the thickness of the elastic skin tape. The elastic pad has a symmetrical structure, with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing waist shape in the middle. The upper edge of the elastic pad has a contour line that is concave downwards.

[0026] The first side of the elastic pad is attached to the inner side of the elastic kinesiology tape, and the second side of the elastic pad is adhesive.

[0027] The backing paper is adhered to the second side of the elastic pad and the inner side of the elastic kinesiology tape in areas not covered by the elastic pad;

[0028] In use, the backing paper is removed, the elastic pad is attached below the patella, and the two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape extend upwards and are attached to the thigh muscles above the patella.

[0029] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problem is: the outline of the lower edge of the elastic pad is a second arc that is concave upward or a third arc that is convex downward, and the curvature of the first arc is greater than that of the second arc or the third arc.

[0030] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

[0031] Alternatively, the first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a plurality of spaced protrusions, each protrusion including a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

[0032] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the elastic skin patch forms a bending area on both sides of the elastic pad, and the upper edge of the elastic skin patch at the bending area is provided with a concave bendable part;

[0033] The backing paper has end pre-cut lines extending along the width direction at both ends, and a central axis pre-cut line extending along the width direction at the center of the backing paper.

[0034] The preferred technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the second side of the elastic pad is provided with a plurality of gel-like protrusions arranged in an array.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are: the elastic pad can effectively relieve the pressure under the patella, provide good support and cushioning, and improve the comfort and convenience of wearing it, making it suitable for the protection and rehabilitation of various knee sports injuries. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that these drawings are drawn only for the purpose of explaining the preferred embodiments and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless specifically indicated, the drawings are only schematic representations of the composition or structure of the described objects and may contain exaggerated depictions, and the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a modified patellar tendon patch in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the backing paper of a modified patellar tendon patch in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic pad of a modified patellar tendon patch in Example 1;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the steps for wearing a modified patellar kinesiology patch in Example 1;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wearing effect of a modified patellar kinesiology tape in Example 1. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wearing effect of a modified patellar kinesiology tape in Example 1. Figure 2 ;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a modified patellar kinesiology patch in Example 2. Figure 1 ;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a modified patellar kinesiology patch in Example 2. Figure 2 ;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic pad of a modified patellar tendon patch in Example 2;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wearing effect of a modified patellar kinesiology tape in Example 2. Figure 1 ;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wearing effect of a modified patellar kinesiology tape in Example 2. Figure 2 ;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic pad of a modified patellar tendon patch in Example 3;

[0049] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic pad of a modified patellar tendon patch in Example 4;

[0050] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an elastic kinesiology tape of a modified patellar kinesiology tape in Example 5. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these descriptions are merely descriptive and exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that similar labels in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it will not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0053] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Similarly, "first" and "second" are only for ease of understanding and have no other directional meaning, and cannot be considered as limitations on this utility model.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a modified patellar kinesiology tape includes an elastic kinesiology tape 1, an elastic pad 2, and a backing paper 3. The elastic kinesiology tape 1 includes an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface is adhesive and has the backing paper 3 attached. An elastic pad 2 is located at the center of the inner surface of the elastic kinesiology tape 1. The thickness of the elastic pad 2 is greater than the thickness of the elastic kinesiology tape 1. In use, as... Figure 4 As shown, the elastic pad 2 is applied below the patella, and the two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape 1 extend upwards and are applied to the thigh muscles above the patella. The two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape 1 can be positioned as follows... Figure 6 As shown, apply the plaster separately to the thigh muscles above the patella, or as shown in the image. Figure 5 As shown, the two are crossed and then placed on the thigh muscle above the patella.

[0056] In this embodiment, the elastic kinesiology tape 1 and the elastic pad 2 are separate. When not in use, the elastic kinesiology tape 1 and the backing paper 3 are a single unit. In this embodiment, the elastic kinesiology tape 1 is a straight strip, although it can also be other strip-shaped structures. When in use, the backing paper 3 is removed, and the elastic pad 2 is located on the inner surface of the elastic kinesiology tape 1. In this design, the elastic pad 2 effectively relieves pressure below the patella, providing good support and cushioning, while also improving wearing comfort and convenience, making it suitable for the protection and rehabilitation of various knee sports injuries.

[0057] Preferably, the elastic pad 2 is any one or a combination of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA. In this embodiment, the elastic pad 2 is made of silicone material. Both sides of the elastic pad 2 are adhesive, with the second side adhering to the human body and the first side adhering to the elastic kinesiology tape 1.

[0058] like Figure 3As shown, the elastic pad 2 has a symmetrical waist-shaped structure with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing width in the middle. The upper edge contour of the elastic pad 2 is a first arc 4 that curves downwards, and the lower edge contour is a second arc 5 that curves upwards, with the curvature of the first arc 4 being greater than that of the second arc 5. This design allows the elastic pad 2 to better conform to the anatomical structures below the patella, providing uniform support and cushioning, reducing direct pressure on the patella, and avoiding irritation of surrounding tissues by its edges.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the first side of the elastic pad 2 is flat, and the second side is adhesive. The second side includes a flat area 8 with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area 9 with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside. This design allows the elastic pad 2 to provide uniform adhesion when it is applied to the skin, while the gradual thickness of the arc-shaped area 9 can distribute pressure and reduce skin discomfort caused by excessive local adhesion.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the backing paper 3 has end pre-cut lines 6 extending along the width direction at both ends, and a central axis pre-cut line 7 extending along the width direction in the center. This pre-cut line design allows the backing paper 3 to be torn open in stages during use, making it convenient for users to gradually apply the elastic skin patch 1 to the skin, avoiding the inconvenience caused by tearing it open all at once and the problem of premature exposure of the adhesive.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, a modified patellar kinesiology tape includes an elastic kinesiology tape 1, a pad, and a backing paper 3. The elastic kinesiology tape 1 includes an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface is adhesive and has the backing paper 3 attached to it. An elastic pad 2 is provided at the center of the inner surface of the elastic kinesiology tape 1. The thickness of the elastic pad 2 is greater than the thickness of the elastic kinesiology tape 1.

[0063] Preferably, the elastic gasket 2 is any one or a combination of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA. In this embodiment, the elastic gasket 2 is made of gel material.

[0064] like Figure 7-8 As shown, in this embodiment, the elastic kinesiology tape 1 is a straight strip. The elastic kinesiology tape 1 and the elastic pad 2 are a single unit. The first side of the elastic pad 2 is attached to the inner side of the elastic kinesiology tape 1, and the second side of the elastic pad 2 is adhesive. The backing paper 3 is adhered to the second side of the elastic pad 2 and to the area of ​​the inner side of the elastic kinesiology tape 1 not covered by the elastic pad 2. Of course, the elastic kinesiology tape 1 can also be a strip structure of other shapes.

[0065] like Figure 7-8As shown, the backing paper 3 has end pre-cut lines 6 extending along the width direction at both ends, and a central pre-cut line 7 extending along the width direction in the center. The end pre-cut lines 6 are located on the outside of the elastic pad 2, and the central pre-cut line 7 passes through the elastic pad 2. This pre-cut line design allows the backing paper 3 to be torn open in stages during use, making it convenient for users to gradually apply the elastic pad 2 and the elastic skin patch 1 to the skin, avoiding the inconvenience caused by tearing it open all at once and the problem of premature exposure of the adhesive.

[0066] like Figure 10-11 As shown, in use, the backing paper 3 is removed, and the patellar kinesiology tape is centered and applied below the patella. The two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape 1 extend upwards and are applied to the thigh muscles above the patella. In this design, the elastic pad 2 effectively relieves pressure below the patella, providing good support and cushioning, while also improving wearing comfort and convenience. It is suitable for the protection and rehabilitation of various knee sports injuries.

[0067] like Figure 9 As shown, the elastic pad 2 has a symmetrical waist-shaped structure with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing width in the middle. The upper edge contour of the elastic pad 2 is a first arc 4 that curves downwards, and the lower edge contour is a second arc 5 that curves upwards, with the curvature of the first arc 4 being greater than that of the second arc 5. This design allows the elastic pad 2 to better conform to the anatomical structures below the patella, providing uniform support and cushioning, reducing direct pressure on the patella, and avoiding irritation of surrounding tissues by its edges.

[0068] like Figure 9 As shown, the first side of the elastic pad 2 is flat, and the second side is adhesive. The second side includes a flat area 8 with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area 9 with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside. This design allows the elastic pad 2 to provide uniform adhesion when it is applied to the skin, while the gradual thickness of the arc-shaped area 9 can distribute pressure and reduce skin discomfort caused by excessive local adhesion.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] In this embodiment, a patellar kinesiology tape with a separate structure of elastic kinesiology tape 1 and elastic pad 2 as described in Embodiment 1 is provided, as well as a patellar kinesiology tape with a one-piece structure as described in Embodiment 2. It should be noted that this embodiment is merely another implementation method that differs from the elastic pad 2 structure in Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0071] like Figure 12As shown, in this embodiment, the second side of the elastic pad 2 is provided with a plurality of spaced protrusions 10. Each protrusion 10 includes a flat area 8 with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area 9 with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside. This protrusion 10 design can further enhance the cushioning effect of the elastic pad 2, and at the same time, the distribution of multiple protrusions 10 can achieve more uniform pressure distribution, adapting to the concave and convex human body structure around the patella and reducing the concentrated pressure on the patella.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] In this embodiment, a patellar kinesiology tape with a separate structure of elastic kinesiology tape 1 and elastic pad 2 as described in Embodiment 1 is provided, as well as a patellar kinesiology tape with a one-piece structure as described in Embodiment 2. It should be noted that this embodiment is merely another implementation method that differs from the elastic pad 2 structure in Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0074] like Figure 13 As shown, the second side of the elastic pad 2 is provided with a plurality of gel-like protrusions 11 arranged in an array. These gel-like protrusions 11 can enhance the adhesion between the elastic pad 2 and the skin, and at the same time, the distribution of the protrusions can achieve more uniform pressure distribution, reducing skin discomfort caused by excessive local adhesion. This design can be applied as a separate implementation to the elastic pad 2 in Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0075] like Figure 13 As shown, the lower edge contour of the elastic pad 2 is a downward-convex third arc 12, and the curvature of the first arc 4 is greater than that of the third arc 12. This design can better adapt to the anatomical structure below the patella, providing more precise support and cushioning, while avoiding excessive pressure on surrounding tissues.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] In this embodiment, a patellar kinesiology tape that can be applied to both the separate elastic kinesiology tape and elastic pad structure described in Embodiment 1 and the integral patellar kinesiology tape structure in Embodiment 2 is provided. It should be noted that this embodiment is merely another implementation method that differs from the elastic kinesiology tape structures in Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0078] like Figure 14 As shown, to facilitate bending and stretching of the elastic kinesiology tape 1, in a preferred embodiment, as illustrated, the elastic kinesiology tape 1 has a bending area, and the upper edge of the bending area has a concave bendable portion 13. The bendable portion 13 has a concave arc-shaped notch structure. This design allows the elastic kinesiology tape 1 to bend more naturally when it fits the thigh muscles, resulting in better fit, avoiding wrinkles, and reducing friction and pressure on the skin, thus improving wearing comfort.

[0079] This invention introduces a modified patellar tendon patch. Specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments are merely for the purpose of helping to understand this invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A modified patellar tendon patch, characterized in that: It includes elastic kinesiology tape, a pad, and a backing paper; the elastic kinesiology tape includes an inner surface and an outer surface; An elastic pad is provided at the center of the inner side of the elastic skin tape; The elastic pad is any one or more of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA. The thickness of the elastic pad is greater than the thickness of the elastic skin tape. The elastic pad has a symmetrical structure, with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing waist-shaped middle. The upper edge of the elastic pad has a contour line that is concave downwards. The first side of the elastic pad is attached to the inner side of the elastic kinesiology tape, and the second side of the elastic pad is adhesive. The backing paper is adhered to the second side of the elastic pad and the inner side of the elastic kinesiology tape in areas not covered by the elastic pad; In use, the backing paper is removed, the elastic pad is attached below the patella, and the two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape extend upwards and are attached to the thigh muscles above the patella.

2. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower edge of the elastic pad has a contour line that is either an upwardly concave second arc or a downwardly convex third arc, wherein the curvature of the first arc is greater than that of the second or third arc.

3. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside. Alternatively, the first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a plurality of spaced protrusions, each protrusion including a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

4. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic kinesiology tape forms bending areas on both sides of the elastic pad, and the upper edge of the elastic kinesiology tape at the bending area is provided with a concave bendable part. The backing paper has end pre-cut lines extending along the width direction at both ends, and a central axis pre-cut line extending along the width direction at the center of the backing paper.

5. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second side of the elastic pad is provided with a plurality of gel-like protrusions arranged in an array.

6. A modified patellar tendon patch, characterized in that: It includes elastic kinesiology tape, elastic pad, and backing paper; the elastic kinesiology tape includes an inner side and an outer side; the inner side is adhesive and has the backing paper attached to it; An elastic pad is provided at the center of the inner side of the elastic skin tape; the thickness of the elastic pad is greater than the thickness of the elastic skin tape. In use, the elastic pad is placed below the patella, and the two ends of the elastic kinesiology tape extend upwards and are attached to the thigh muscles above the patella.

7. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic pad is any one or more of silicone, gel, foam, needle-punched cotton, and EVA; The elastic pad has a symmetrical structure, with rounded ends and a gradually narrowing width in the middle, forming an waist shape. The upper edge of the elastic pad has a downward concave first arc, and the lower edge of the elastic pad has an upward concave second arc.

8. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first side of the elastic pad is attached to the inner side of the elastic skin patch, the second side of the elastic pad is adhesive, and the backing paper is adhered to the second side of the elastic pad and the area of ​​the inner side of the elastic skin patch that is not covered by the elastic pad.

9. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first side of the elastic pad is planar, and the second side includes a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

10. The modified patellar tendon patch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first side of the elastic pad is planar and the second side includes a plurality of spaced protrusions, each protrusion including a flat area with uniform thickness in the middle and an arc-shaped area with the thickness gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside.

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