Cover-excavation type deep foundation pit subway station control point transmission device
By employing a high-precision laser plumb bob and a control point transfer device with a transparent cross scale plate in the construction of deep foundation pit subway stations, the problems of large measurement errors, low efficiency, and high cost in traditional methods have been solved, achieving high-precision, low-cost, and high-efficiency control point transfer.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
Traditional control point transfer methods suffer from problems such as large measurement errors, low efficiency, high cost, and poor adaptability in the construction of deep foundation pit subway stations, especially in complex construction site conditions where they are difficult to meet high precision requirements.
The device employs a bottom reference module, a laser transmission module, a calibration and positioning module, and a measurement target module. It utilizes a high-precision laser plumb line and a transparent cross scale to form a vertical reference line, and combines a total station to achieve precise transmission of control points.
It improves measurement accuracy and efficiency, reduces costs, and is highly adaptable, enabling high-precision control point transfer under various foundation pit shapes and complex site conditions, thus meeting the construction needs of subway stations.
Smart Images
Figure CN224121950U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of surveying technology for subway station construction projects, and in particular to a control point transmission device for a deep foundation pit subway station with a cut-and-cover design. Background Technology
[0002] In urban subway construction, the cut-and-cover method is widely used in busy areas because it effectively reduces the impact on surface traffic and the surrounding environment. Cut-and-cover construction requires first erecting a cover slab above the excavation pit to maintain normal surface traffic, before proceeding with the excavation and subsequent construction. Once the pit is excavated to the design elevation, accurately transferring the ground control points to the pit floor is crucial for providing precise measurement benchmarks for the subsequent main structure construction.
[0003] Traditional control point transfer methods have many drawbacks. For example, the method of using vertical shafts to suspend steel wires with counterweights and damping liquid tanks is not only cumbersome to install, but also highly susceptible to environmental factors (such as wind and temperature changes). The steel wires are prone to swaying in light winds, leading to significant measurement errors and failing to meet the high-precision construction requirements of subway stations. Furthermore, this method requires simultaneous observations from two total stations, demanding high levels of professional skills and teamwork from surveyors, resulting in low measurement efficiency and high costs. In addition, the application of traditional methods is greatly limited in complex construction site conditions, such as irregularly shaped foundation pits and densely surrounded buildings, making it difficult to flexibly arrange surveying equipment and conduct surveying operations. Therefore, developing a novel control point transfer device for deep foundation pit subway stations using a cut-and-cover method to solve the problems of traditional methods has become an urgent technical challenge in this field. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a control point transmission device for a deep foundation pit subway station with a cut-and-cover design, in order to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option.
[0005] The technical solution of this utility model embodiment is implemented as follows:
[0006] A control point transfer device for a cut-and-cover type deep foundation pit subway station includes a total station for known points, and further includes:
[0007] Bottom reference module; laser transmission module; calibration and positioning module; measurement target module;
[0008] in:
[0009] The bottom reference module includes a concrete pier set on the bottom slab of the foundation pit and control point markers set on the concrete pier;
[0010] The laser transmission module includes a tripod mounted above the control point marker and a laser plumb bob coaxial with the vertical axis of the control point marker, wherein the laser plumb bob is located on the top of the tripod.
[0011] The calibration and positioning module includes a cover plate with pre-drilled holes and a transparent plate with crosshair markings covering the pre-drilled holes.
[0012] The measurement target module includes a tripod two mounted on the cover plate and a base for mounting the top of the tripod two. A prism is provided on the top of the base, and the vertical center of the base is coaxial with the center of the cross scale line of the transparent plate.
[0013] Preferably, the control point marker is made of stainless steel and is embedded in the top of the concrete pier, with a high-precision center mark on the surface, and the concrete pier is a reinforced concrete structure.
[0014] Preferably, both the tripod and the second tripod are made of high-strength aluminum alloy and have an adjustment device to precisely adjust the position and angle of the laser plumb line. The laser plumb line is used to emit a vertical laser beam to transmit control point position information.
[0015] Preferably, the transparent plate is made of high-precision optical glass with a thickness of 5-10mm, a crosshair accuracy of 0.1mm, and translation and rotation scale markings on the edge.
[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the tripod is fixed to the cover plate by bolts.
[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the reserved hole is slightly larger than the diameter of the laser beam to facilitate laser beam penetration.
[0018] Preferably, the prism is a total station-specific reflecting prism, with its optical center aligned with the vertical center of the base.
[0019] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solution:
[0020] I. High precision: The system uses a high-precision laser plumb line and a fine transparent crosshair scale for calibration, which effectively avoids errors caused by factors such as wire sway in traditional methods, and can meet the requirements of high-precision construction surveying for subway stations.
[0021] II. High efficiency: The operation process is simple and clear. Compared with traditional methods, there is no need for complicated steps such as steel wire suspension and simultaneous observation by multiple instruments. A single person can complete the transfer of control points in a short time, which greatly improves measurement efficiency and saves construction time and labor costs.
[0022] Third, strong adaptability: This device is not limited by the shape of the foundation pit or the conditions of the construction site. Whether the foundation pit is rectangular, circular or irregular in shape, as long as the holes are reasonably reserved in the cover plate, control point transfer operations can be easily carried out. At the same time, it can also be flexibly applied to complex construction environments such as dense surrounding buildings and confined spaces.
[0023] IV. Low Cost: The equipment used in this device is all conventional surveying equipment, such as laser plumb bobs, total stations, and tripods. There is no need to purchase expensive specialized surveying instruments, thus reducing equipment procurement costs. Moreover, due to its simple operation, it reduces the number of surveyors and the surveying time, further reducing construction costs.
[0024] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram from another perspective of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram from a third perspective of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.
[0030] Attached reference numerals: 1. Total station with known points; 2. Bottom reference module; 3. Laser transmission module; 4. Calibration and positioning module; 5. Measurement target module; 6. Concrete pier; 7. Control point marker; 8. Cover plate; 9. Reserved hole; 10. Transparent plate; 11. Tripod II; 12. Base; 13. Prism. Detailed Implementation
[0031] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.
[0032] It is important to note that terms such as "first," "second," "symmetric," and "array" are used only to distinguish between descriptive and positional descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified with terms such as "first" or "symmetric" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; similarly, when the quantity of certain features is not limited by words such as "two" or "three," it should be noted that such features also explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
[0033] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fixation" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral molding; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, a welding connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the accompanying drawings and specific circumstances.
[0034] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0035] like Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a control point transfer device for a deep foundation pit subway station, including a total station 1 with known points, and further including: a bottom reference module 2; a laser transfer module 3; a calibration and positioning module 4; and a measurement target module 5. The bottom reference module 2 includes a concrete pier 6 on the bottom slab of the foundation pit and a control point marker 7 on the concrete pier 6. The laser transfer module 3 includes a tripod mounted above the control point marker 7 and a laser plumb bob coaxial with the vertical axis of the control point marker 7, the laser plumb bob being located on top of the tripod. The calibration and positioning module 4 includes a cover plate 8 with a pre-drilled hole 9 and a transparent plate 10 covering the pre-drilled hole 9 and having crosshairs. The measurement target module 5 includes a second tripod 11 mounted above the cover plate 8 and a base 12 for mounting the top of the second tripod 11. A prism 13 is provided on the top of the base 12, and the vertical center of the base 12 is coaxial with the center of the crosshairs on the transparent plate 10.
[0036] In this embodiment, specifically, the control point marker 7 is made of stainless steel and is embedded in the top of the concrete pier 6, with a high-precision center mark on its surface. The concrete pier 6 is a reinforced concrete structure. The tripod and tripod 211 are both made of high-strength aluminum alloy and have an adjustment device to precisely adjust the position and angle of the laser plumb line. The laser plumb line is used to emit a vertical laser beam to transmit control point position information.
[0037] In this embodiment, specifically, the transparent plate 10 is made of high-precision optical glass with a thickness of 5-10mm, a crosshair accuracy of 0.1mm, and translation and rotation scale markings on the edge. The bottom of the tripod 2 11 is fixed to the cover plate 8 by bolts.
[0038] In this embodiment, specifically, the diameter of the reserved hole 9 is slightly larger than the diameter of the laser beam, so as to facilitate the penetration of the laser beam.
[0039] In this embodiment, specifically, the prism 13 is a total station-specific reflecting prism, and its optical center is consistent with the vertical center of the base 12.
[0040] When this utility model is in operation:
[0041] I. Specific Implementation Steps for Each Module
[0042] Installation of bottom reference module 2
[0043] Construction of Concrete Pier 6:
[0044] Concrete pier 6, a reinforced concrete structure, with a height of not less than 30cm, is poured at the designed location on the foundation pit bottom slab. An internal steel mesh is installed to enhance stability. During pouring, the top surface of concrete pier 6 is ensured to be level, and its flatness is monitored in real time using a level.
[0045] Control point 7 is fixed:
[0046] The stainless steel control point marker 7 is pre-embedded in the center of the top surface of the concrete pier 6. The surface of the control point marker 7 is equipped with a high-precision center mark, such as a cross groove or laser engraving. During the pre-embedding process, the center mark of the control point marker 7 is calibrated with the coordinates of the designed base plate control point to ensure that its vertical axis is perpendicular to the base plate of the foundation pit.
[0047] Installation of laser transmission module 3
[0048] Tripod positioning:
[0049] The tripod, made of high-strength aluminum alloy, is set up directly above control point 7. By adjusting the height of the tripod legs and the level bubble, the tripod is ensured to be stable and level.
[0050] Laser plumb line installation and calibration:
[0051] Fix the laser plumb bob to the top of the tripod. After turning on the equipment, observe the center mark of control point 7 through the optical centering device, and fine-tune the position of the tripod or laser plumb bob to make the vertical axis of the laser plumb bob perfectly coaxial with the center mark of control point 7. After calibration, the laser plumb bob emits a vertical laser beam that penetrates vertically through the calibration positioning module 4 at the top of the pit.
[0052] Installation of Calibration Positioning Module 4
[0053] Cover plate 8 is laid:
[0054] A high-strength steel plate cover 8 is laid on top of the pit to cover the entire pit area and maintain ground access. According to the position of the control point 7 in the bottom reference module 2, a reserved hole 9 is opened at the corresponding position of the cover 8. The diameter of the reserved hole 9 is slightly larger than the diameter of the laser beam emitted by the laser plumb line, such as 5-10mm larger, to ensure that the laser beam penetrates without obstruction.
[0055] Transparent plate 10 calibration:
[0056] A high-precision optical glass transparent plate 10, 5-10mm thick, with 0.1mm precision crosshairs engraved on its surface, is placed over the pre-drilled hole 9. Using edge-shifting and rotation adjustment mechanisms such as bolts or grooves, the center of the crosshairs on the transparent plate 10 is made perfectly coaxial with the laser beam emitted by the laser plumb line. After adjustment, the transparent plate 10 is fixed to the cover plate 8 using clips or bolts to ensure no displacement during subsequent measurements.
[0057] Assembly of Target Module 5
[0058] Tripod 2.11 setup:
[0059] Above the cover plate 8, a tripod 2 11 is erected directly above the transparent plate 10. The tripod is made of the same material as the cover plate and is fixedly connected to the cover plate 8 by bottom bolts to ensure that the tripod 2 11 is stable and does not wobble.
[0060] Installation of base 12 and prism 13:
[0061] Mount the base 12 on top of the tripod 11. Adjust the base 12 to a horizontal position using the leveling devices such as the screw fine-tuning knob and the level bubble. Then fix the total station-specific reflecting prism 13 to the top of the base 12. Use a vertical centering device such as an optical centerer to ensure that the optical center of the prism 13 is strictly coaxial with the center of the crosshair on the transparent plate 10, forming a vertical reference axis from the control point 7 on the base plate to the prism 13.
[0062] 5. Control point coordinate transfer measurement
[0063] Observations using a total station at a known point:
[0064] A total station 1 is set up at a surveying station with known precise coordinates outside the foundation pit. After centering and leveling, the prism 13 in the measurement target module 5 is aimed at and the three-dimensional coordinates X, Y, Z of the prism 13 are obtained through the distance measurement and angle measurement functions of the total station 1.
[0065] Coordinate transformation and calibration:
[0066] Since the optical center of prism 13 is coaxially aligned with the center of control point 7 on the foundation slab through the laser beam and the crosshairs of transparent plate 10, the coordinates of prism 13 measured by total station 1 are the coordinates of the control point on the foundation pit slab. If high-precision calibration is required, multiple measurements can be taken and the average value can be obtained, or an error compensation algorithm can be introduced to ensure that the transmission accuracy meets the requirements of subway construction: vertical ±1mm and horizontal ±2mm.
[0067] II. Key Component Fitting Principles
[0068] 1. Vertical axis coaxial design: The control point mark 7, the laser beam of the laser plumb line, the center of the cross scale of the transparent plate 10, the optical center of the base 12 and the prism 13 are strictly coaxial through the adjustment devices of each module, forming a vertical reference line that runs through the top and bottom of the pit, avoiding the reference offset caused by mechanical structure deformation or external interference in the traditional method.
[0069] 2. High-precision calibration mechanism: The coaxial adjustment of the crosshairs of the transparent plate 10 and the laser beam, combined with the horizontal fine-tuning device of the base 12, ensures that the upper and lower reference points are aligned in both the horizontal and vertical directions, significantly improving the transmission accuracy;
[0070] 3. Structural stability design: The reinforced concrete structure of the concrete pier 6, the high-strength material of the cover plate 8, and the bolt fixing method of the tripod together ensure the stability of the device under construction vibration, load and other environments, and avoid measurement errors caused by structural shaking.
[0071] III. Application Scenarios and Advantages
[0072] This device is suitable for the construction of deep foundation pit subway stations, especially in complex sites such as irregular foundation pits and areas with dense surrounding buildings. Through standardized modular assembly and high-precision calibration, it can quickly complete the transfer of control points, providing a reliable measurement benchmark for the construction of the station's main structure and track laying. Compared with traditional methods, its operation process is simplified by more than 50%, measurement efficiency is increased by 3 times, and vertical transfer accuracy reaches ±1mm, meeting the millimeter-level accuracy requirements of subway engineering.
[0073] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and these should all be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A control point transfer device for a deep foundation pit subway station, comprising a total station with known points (1), characterized in that, Also includes: Bottom reference module (2); laser transmission module (3); calibration and positioning module (4); measurement target module (5); in: The bottom reference module (2) includes a concrete pier (6) set on the bottom slab of the foundation pit and a control point marker (7) set on the concrete pier (6). The laser transmission module (3) includes a tripod mounted above the control point marker (7) and a laser plumb line coaxial with the vertical axis of the control point marker (7), wherein the laser plumb line is located on the top of the tripod. The calibration positioning module (4) includes a cover plate (8) with a reserved hole (9) and a transparent plate (10) covering the reserved hole (9) and having cross scale lines. The measurement target module (5) includes a tripod two (11) mounted on the cover plate (8) and a base (12) for mounting the top of the tripod two (11). The base (12) is provided with a prism (13) on its top. The vertical center of the base (12) is coaxial with the center of the cross scale line of the transparent plate (10).
2. The control point transfer device for a deep foundation pit subway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control point marker (7) is made of stainless steel and is embedded in the top of the concrete pier (6). A high-precision center mark is set on the surface. The concrete pier (6) is a reinforced concrete structure.
3. The control point transfer device for a deep foundation pit subway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the tripod and tripod two (11) are made of high-strength aluminum alloy and have an adjustment device that can precisely adjust the position and angle of the laser plumb line. The laser plumb line is used to emit a vertical laser beam to transmit control point position information.
4. The control point transfer device for a cut-and-cover type deep foundation pit subway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent plate (10) is made of high-precision optical glass with a thickness of 5-10mm, a cross scale line accuracy of 0.1mm, and translation and rotation scale markings on the edge.
5. The control point transfer device for a deep foundation pit subway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the tripod 2 (11) is fixed to the cover plate (8) by bolts.
6. The control point transfer device for a cut-and-cover type deep foundation pit subway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the reserved hole (9) is slightly larger than the diameter of the laser beam, which facilitates the penetration of the laser beam.
7. The control point transfer device for a cut-and-cover type deep foundation pit subway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prism (13) is a special reflecting prism for total station, and its optical center is consistent with the vertical center of the base (12).